JPH0438377A - Ventilation of shelter and its apparatus different sizes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To keep the oxigen concentration in a shelter and reduce the conducted air volume and the duct space, by mixing the air within the shelter with the outdoor air as removing carbon dioxide from the air within the shelter and circulating it in the shelter. CONSTITUTION:A blower equipment 22 is provided on the ground to conduct the outdoor air to a shelter 18 and a blower for conducting the outdoor air is provided in the equipment to supply the outside air sucked from the outdoor air vent 26 to the shelter side through the outdoor air conducting pipe 28 composing an outdoor air way. This duct 28 is fitted at the above air vent 12 and connected to an air-mixing apparatus 30 equipped within a machinery room 20, where the circulated air is mixed with the outside air to supply as the mixed air through the blowing outlet 32 attached to the ceiling of the shelter 18. On the other hand, in the machinery room, a carbon dioxide-removing tower 38 to remove the carbon dioxide component within the room and a circulation fan 40 to forcibly circulate the air in the room are interposed in the circulating air path 36.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a ventilation method and device for a shelter, and in particular to a ventilation method and its device for effectively ventilating a shelter to maintain survival in a shelter that is temporarily confined and evacuated in the event of a fire. Regarding equipment.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, when a fire occurs in a structure such as a basement floor or a high-rise building, passageways and stairs act as chimneys, causing smoke, hot air,
It becomes a hindrance when evacuating from underground or high places due to the effects of toxic gases. Additionally, hospitals and nursing homes have the problem of difficult evacuation situations. If you are unable to escape, you may consider using a simple respiratory protection device, but this can only be used for a short period of time and could put human life at great risk. Traditionally, a countermeasure for such cases has been to provide shelter with a ventilation opening separate from the normally used ventilation duct.
A method has been proposed in which the shelter is ventilated by drawing in as much outside air as necessary via a dedicated blower.

[Invention or problem to be solved]

However, in the above-mentioned method using a dedicated blower and a dedicated duct, it was necessary to install a dedicated ventilation duct with a certain cross-sectional area or more for shelters that are used very infrequently. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation method and device for reducing the amount of outside air introduced and the duct space for introducing it, for shelters where temporary evacuation is carried out in the event of a fire.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the ventilation method for a shelter according to the present invention is a ventilation method for a shelter that is installed in a structure for temporary evacuation and is divided by fire walls. The system was configured to circulate and supply air while removing carbon dioxide, and to mix this circulating air with outside air and supply it. Further, the ventilation system for a shelter according to the present invention is a ventilation system for a shelter that is installed for temporary evacuation of a person confined in a structure and is partitioned by a firewall. an air duct, a carbon dioxide removal tower and an air circulation blower installed in the air duct, an air mixer for mixing introduced outside air and circulating air, and an outside air introduction duct for introducing outside air into the air mixer; , and a blower for introducing outside air installed in this air passage.

[Effect]

According to the above configuration, while carbon dioxide is removed from the air in the shelter, outside air is mixed with the carbon dioxide and the mixture is circulated and supplied into the shelter. For this reason, the oxygen concentration within the shelter is ensured, but
The capacity of the duct space and blower installed to introduce outside air can be reduced to the extent that the air inside the shelter is being circulated. Moreover, carbon dioxide is removed from the air inside the shelter,
And fresh outside air is mixed and circulated, so
Sufficient oxygen is supplied and safety is ensured.

【Example】

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Below, a ventilation method and device for a shelter according to the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a ventilation system according to an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a shelter installed in an underground structure. The underground structure 10 in which the shelter is installed is usually ventilated through a vent 12, or the shelter installed in the underground structure 10 is divided by a disaster prevention wall 14. The interior is divided into an airlock room 16, a shelter room 18, and a machine room 20. First, in order to introduce outside air into the shelter room 18, a blower device 22 is installed on the ground side.This is equipped with an outside air introduction blower 24, and the outside air sucked from the outside air introduction port 26 is sent to the outside air blowing path. The outside air is supplied to the shelter side through an outside air introduction duct 28 that constitutes the outside air. The duct 28 is piped to the vent 12 and connected to an air mixture device 30 provided inside the machine room 20, and is a blower installed on the ceiling of the shelter room 18 for mixing circulating air and outside air, which will be described later. Mouth 32
It is designed to be supplied as a mixed gas through the On the other hand, a suction port 34 for indoor air is formed in the shelter room 18, and is connected to a circulating air passage 36 that is guided into the machine room 20, passes through the air-mixing device 30, and reaches the outlet 32. In the machine room 20, a carbon dioxide removal tower 38 for removing carbon dioxide components from the indoor air taken in and a circulation blower 40 for forced circulation of the indoor air are interposed in the middle of the circulation air passage 36. equipped. Further, an emergency carbon dioxide removal tower 42 is provided in parallel with the carbon dioxide removal tower 38. This emergency carbon dioxide removal tower 42 is installed in a bypass path of the circulating air blowing path 36, or normally closed solenoid valves 44, 46 at the front and rear
It is usually separated from the circulation air passage 36 by. Additionally, an air mixture device 30 that communicates with the outlet 32 of the waiting room 18
As described above, the outside air introduction duct 28 is connected to the circulating air passage 36, or the air-mixing device 30 is further connected to the oxygen supply passage 50 connected to the oxygen cylinder 48 installed in the machine room 20. has been done. The oxygen supply path 50 includes a pressure control valve 52, a normally closed solenoid valve 54, and a flow rate controller 56.
is interposed, and the oxygen supply path 50 is blocked in the normal state,
In an emergency, the flow path is opened to increase the oxygen concentration of the air supplied to the shelter chamber 18. Further, the shelter room 18 is provided with an oxygen concentration detector 58 and a carbon dioxide concentration detector 60 to detect the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration of the indoor air. By the way, a control device 62 that controls the operation of the outside air introduction blower 24 and the circulation blower 40 is installed on the ground side. This control device 62 activates each blower 24, 40 when the standby state is reached, receives the detection signal from the carbon dioxide concentration detector 60, and controls each blower 24, 40 so that the life of the carbon dioxide removal tower 38 is maximized. The inverters 64 and 66 attached to the .40 are adjusted to operate. Further, when the carbon dioxide concentration becomes higher than a set value, a valve opening command is output to the solenoid valves 44 and 46 placed in the flow path in order to open the emergency carbon dioxide removal tower 42. ing. Further, in response to a signal from the oxygen concentration detector 58, the solenoid valve 54 opens the flow path of the emergency oxygen cylinder 48 and adjusts the supply amount.
And a valve opening control signal is output to the flow rate controller 56. It should be noted that the shelter chamber 18 is provided with an exhaust port 68, and can be exhausted through an exhaust duct 72 with a backflow prevention damper 70 interposed therebetween. In the figure, 74 is a damper attached to the outside air introduction duct 28. Ventilation work using the ventilation system configured as described above is as follows. The outside air is supplied to the outside air intake blower 2 from the outside air inlet 26 on the ground.
4. The outside air is introduced into the shelter via the outside air introduction duct 28 and the damper 74, and is supplied to the shelter 18 from the air outlet 32 via the air mixture device 30. From the exhaust duct 72 to the ventilation port 12 through
is discharged. The air in the waiting room 18 is sucked in from the circulating air intake port 34 by the circulation blower 40, and carbon dioxide in the air is removed by the carbon dioxide removal tower 38. This air passes through the circulation blower 40, is introduced into the air mixture device 30 described above, and is mixed with the introduced outside air.
is supplied to The operation control of the outside air introduction blower 24 and circulation blower 40 described above is determined by the control device 62 based on a signal from the carbon dioxide concentration detector 60 installed in the shelter room 18 when the number of evacuees is less than the capacity. The inverter 6 is adjusted to maximize the life of the carbon dioxide removal tower 38 based on
4.66. In addition, a carbon dioxide removal tower 42 is installed in case of an emergency, such as a failure of the outside air intake blower 24, damage to the outside air intake duct 28, a fire that lasts longer than expected, or a delay in rescue by the fire brigade. The emergency oxygen cylinder 48 is opened. If outside air intake is delayed or it is necessary to evacuate beyond the expected evacuation time, the oxidation concentration inside the evacuation room 18 obtained from the oxidation concentration detector 58 and carbon dioxide concentration detector 60 installed in the evacuation room 18 The circulation blower 40 is operated and the solenoid valve 44.4 is operated in response to changes in the concentration and carbon dioxide concentration.
6 is opened to maintain the carbon dioxide concentration by blowing air to the emergency carbon dioxide removal tower 42, and to the emergency oxygen tank 4 via the pressure control valve 52, solenoid valve 54, and flow rate controller 56.
The oxygen concentration is maintained by supplying oxygen from 8. According to this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the amount of outside air introduced for the shelter of the underground structure, and in turn, the space for the ventilation duct can be reduced. It can also be used in the event of a blower failure or a delay in the arrival of the fire brigade. In the above embodiment, a carbon dioxide removal column is used, but a carbon dioxide separation membrane may be used instead.

【Effect of the invention】

As explained above, according to the present invention, carbon dioxide is removed from the air inside the shelter, and the mixture is mixed with outside air and circulated into the shelter, so that the air inside the shelter becomes carbon dioxide. Since carbon is removed and fresh outside air is mixed and circulated, sufficient viable oxygen is supplied and safety is ensured, making it ideal for temporary evacuation in the event of a fire. Regarding the shelter, the effect of reducing the amount of outside air introduced and the duct space for introducing it can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a ventilation system for a shelter according to an embodiment. 18... Waiting room, 22... Air blower,
24...Blower for introducing outside air, 28...
Outside air introduction duct, 30...Mixture device, 32...
...Blowout port, 34...Suction port, 36.
...Circulating air duct, 38.42...Carbon dioxide removal tower, 48...Oxygen cylinder, 58...
...Oxygen concentration detector, 60...Carbon dioxide concentration detector, 62...Control device, 72...
·Exhaust duct. Applicant Hitachi Plant Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) A ventilation method for a shelter installed in a structure for temporary evacuation and separated by fire walls, in which air within the shelter is circulated and supplied while removing carbon dioxide. At the same time, this ventilation method for a shelter is characterized by supplying this circulating air mixed with outside air. 2) In a ventilation system for a shelter that is installed for temporary evacuation of people confined within a structure and separated by fire walls,
A circulation air duct that circulates the air in the shelter, a carbon dioxide removal tower and an air circulation blower installed in this air duct, an air mixer that mixes the introduced outside air and the circulated air, and an air mixer that mixes the outside air into the air mixer. 1. A ventilation system for a shelter, comprising: an outside air introduction air passage that introduces outside air; and an outside air introduction air blower installed in the air passage.