JP5207042B2 - Smoke exhaust system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a smoke exhaust system that discharges smoke generated in a room during a fire to the outside.

Conventionally, as a smoke exhaust system in a building, there are a natural smoke exhaust system and a mechanical smoke exhaust system.
A conventional smoke exhaust system of a natural smoke exhaust system is a system in which a smoke exhaust port communicating with the outdoors is provided on the ceiling or wall of the room, and smoke generated in the room is discharged from the smoke exhaust port to the outdoors. In the natural smoke exhaust system, it is preferable that the smoke outlet is provided on the wall on the outdoor side so that the smoke can be easily discharged. Not suitable.

On the other hand, as a conventional smoke exhaust system of a mechanical smoke exhaust system, for example, a ceiling chamber smoke exhaust system as shown in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. This ceiling chamber type smoke exhaust system is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust ports communicating with the ceiling chamber behind the ceiling on the indoor ceiling, and the smoke flowing into the ceiling chamber from the plurality of smoke exhaust ports is exhausted. This system forcibly exhausts smoke outdoors with a fan. The plurality of smoke exhaust ports described above are evenly arranged over the entire ceiling, and substantially uniform smoke exhaust is performed throughout the room.
JP 2007-24469 A

  By the way, smoke generated at the time of fire flows down to the vicinity of the wall and sometimes falls, which may hinder the residents from evacuating. In detail, for example, in buildings such as office buildings with a large living area, there are many walls away from the fire location, so smoke generated at the time of fire travels from the fire location to the wall through the ceiling. May flow over long distances. In this case, the smoke progresses toward the wall while increasing its thickness, descends after colliding with the wall, and then proceeds away from the wall. Tend to increase.

  However, the above-described conventional mechanical smoke exhaust system performs substantially uniform smoke exhaust in the entire room, and thus there is a problem that the above-described smoke drop near the wall cannot be sufficiently suppressed. .

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described conventional problems, and provides a smoke exhaust system that can suppress smoke drop near the wall and improve the evacuation safety of residents in the event of a fire. It is an object.

  A smoke exhaust system according to the present invention is a smoke exhaust system that discharges smoke generated indoors in the event of a fire to the outdoors, and an annular smoke exhaust port disposed along the outer edge of the ceiling of the chamber, and the annular exhaust A smoke exhaust passage that communicates with the smoke outlet and a smoke exhaust fan that forcibly exhausts the smoke that has flowed into the smoke exhaust passage to the outside are provided.

  Due to such characteristics, in the event of a fire, the smoke that has flowed from the fire position to the vicinity of the wall through the ceiling flows into the smoke exhaust passage from the annular smoke exhaust port, and is forcibly discharged outdoors by the smoke exhaust fan.

Further, the smoke exhaust system according to the present invention is provided with an inner smoke exhaust port disposed at an inner position of the annular smoke exhaust port in the ceiling, and at a ceiling end portion provided with the annular smoke exhaust port. The effective smoke emission amount per unit area is larger than the effective smoke emission amount per unit area in the ceiling inner part provided with the inner smoke exhaust port .

  As a result, in the event of a fire, smoke that flows from the fire location to the wall through the ceiling is discharged from the inside smoke vent to the outside, and smoke that has flowed to the vicinity of the indoor wall is discharged from the annular smoke vent to the outside. Is done. At this time, the amount of effective smoke per unit area at the ceiling edge is greater than the amount of effective smoke per unit area at the inside of the ceiling, so more smoke is emitted near the wall than inside the room. Is done.

  Further, in the smoke exhaust system according to the present invention, at the end of the ceiling, a hollow portion recessed in the back of the ceiling is provided in an annular shape along the outer edge of the ceiling, and the annular smoke exhaust port is provided inside the hollow portion. It is preferable to be provided.

  As a result, smoke that has flowed from the fire position to the vicinity of the wall through the ceiling accumulates in the depression. And the smoke which accumulated in this hollow part is forcedly discharged | emitted from the annular smoke exhaust port outdoors.

According to the smoke exhaust system according to the present invention, smoke that has flowed from the fire position to the vicinity of the wall through the ceiling is forcibly discharged to the outside, so that the smoke drop near the wall can be sufficiently suppressed, and in the event of a fire It is possible to improve the evacuation safety of residents in the city.
Particularly, the smoke exhaust system according to the present invention is provided with an inner smoke exhaust port disposed at an inner position of the annular smoke exhaust port in the ceiling, and per unit area at the ceiling end portion provided with the annular smoke exhaust port. Since the effective smoke emission amount is larger than the effective smoke emission amount per unit area in the ceiling inner part where the inner smoke outlet is provided, in the event of a fire, it goes down from the fire location to the ceiling and toward the wall side. The flowing smoke is discharged to the outside from the inner smoke outlet, and the smoke that has flowed to the vicinity of the indoor wall is discharged to the outdoors from the annular smoke outlet. At this time, the amount of effective smoke per unit area at the ceiling edge is greater than the amount of effective smoke per unit area at the inside of the ceiling, so more smoke is emitted near the wall than inside the room. As a result, the smoke drop near the wall can be reliably suppressed.

  Hereinafter, first and second embodiments of a smoke exhaust system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
First, a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a top view of the interior of a building including the smoke exhaust system according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the building including the smoke exhaust system according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the smoke exhaust system in the present embodiment is a system that exhausts the smoke S generated indoors in the event of a fire to the outdoors. For example, the smoke exhaust system is optimal for large office buildings and the like. is there. As a schematic configuration of the smoke exhaust system, an annular smoke exhaust port 1 disposed at an end portion of the ceiling C, a plurality of inner smoke exhaust ports 2 disposed in an inner portion of the ceiling C, and a back side of the ceiling C A ceiling chamber 3 formed in (upper), a smoke exhaust duct 4 communicating with the annular smoke exhaust port 1 and the inner smoke exhaust port 2 through the ceiling chamber 3, and smoke S flowing into the smoke exhaust duct 4 And a smoke exhaust fan 5 that forcibly discharges the air to the outdoors. The ceiling chamber 3 and the smoke exhaust duct 4 described above correspond to the “smoke exhaust passage” in the present invention.

  The annular smoke outlet 1 is an opening through which the smoke S can flow, and is an opening that allows the indoor space and the ceiling chamber 3 to communicate with each other. More specifically, the annular smoke exhaust port 1 is a normally open opening disposed in an annular shape (rectangular frame shape in plan view) along the outer edge of the ceiling C (inner wall surface of the wall W). The annular smoke exhaust port 1 may be covered with a cover such as a lattice or a punching metal, or may be fully open without the above-described cover or the like.

  The inner smoke outlet 2 is an opening through which the smoke S can flow, and is an opening that allows the indoor space and the ceiling chamber 3 to communicate with each other. More specifically, the inner smoke outlet 2 is a slit-like opening that is long and open on one side, and a plurality of inner smoke outlets 2 are disposed in the ceiling C on the inner side of the annular smoke outlet 1. The plurality of inner smoke exhaust ports 2 are arranged substantially uniformly on the entire ceiling C.

  The annular smoke outlet 1 and the inner smoke outlet 2 are different in the flow rate of the smoke S. More specifically, the annular smoke outlet 1 has a larger opening area and a larger amount of smoke than the inner smoke outlet 2. That is, the effective amount of smoke per unit area at the end portion of the ceiling C provided with the annular smoke outlet 1 is the effective amount of smoke per unit area in the inner portion of the ceiling C provided with the inner smoke outlet 2. More than. The “effective amount of smoke discharged” here refers to the volume of smoke S discharged per unit time.

  The ceiling chamber 3 is a large-capacity smoke storage space into which the smoke S sucked from the annular smoke outlet 1 and the inner smoke outlet 2 flows, and a space formed between the slab of the building and the ceiling C is formed. It is used as a chamber.

  The smoke exhaust duct 4 is a duct that sends the smoke S in the ceiling chamber 3 to the smoke exhaust fan 5, and is connected to the intake port of the smoke exhaust fan 5. The smoke exhaust duct 4 has an air inlet 40 disposed in the ceiling chamber 3. The air inlet 40 is a mouth that is always open toward the ceiling chamber 3. As the flue gas duct 4, a known flue gas duct or an air conditioning duct subjected to heat treatment can be used.

  The smoke exhaust fan 5 is a blower that sends the smoke S that has flowed into the smoke exhaust duct 4 to the outside, and has an intake port connected to the smoke exhaust duct 4 and an exhaust port facing the outdoors. As the smoke exhaust fan 5, a known smoke exhaust fan can be used.

  Next, the operation of the smoke exhaust system configured as described above will be described.

  Smoke S generated at the time of fire rises from the fire position to the ceiling C and then flows along the ceiling C toward the wall W side. At this time, a part of the smoke S flows into the ceiling chamber 3 from the inner smoke outlet 2 provided in the ceiling C, and the smoke S in the inner area of the room is discharged.

  Further, when the smoke S flowing along the ceiling C reaches the vicinity of the wall W, the smoke S flows into the ceiling chamber 3 from the annular smoke outlet 1 and the smoke S near the wall W in the room is discharged. At this time, the effective smoke amount per unit area at the ceiling end portion where the annular smoke exhaust port 1 is provided is larger than the effective smoke amount per unit area at the ceiling inside portion where the inner smoke exhaust port 2 is provided. Therefore, more smoke S is discharged near the wall than inside the room.

  As described above, the smoke S flowing into the ceiling chamber 3 is forcibly discharged to the outdoors by the smoke exhaust fan 5. That is, by operating the smoke exhaust fan 5, the smoke S in the ceiling chamber 3 is sucked into the smoke exhaust duct 4 from the intake port 40 of the smoke exhaust duct 4. Then, the smoke S flows into the smoke exhaust fan 5 through the smoke exhaust duct 4 and is sent out from the smoke exhaust fan 5 to the outside.

  According to the smoke exhaust system having the above-described configuration, the smoke that has flowed from the fire position through the ceiling C to the vicinity of the wall W flows into the ceiling chamber 3 from the annular exhaust port 1 and is forced to the outside by the smoke exhaust fan 5. Since it is discharged, the drop of the smoke S in the vicinity of the wall W can be sufficiently suppressed. As a result, the evacuation safety of the residents in the event of a fire can be improved.

  In addition, the effective smoke amount per unit area at the ceiling end portion provided with the annular smoke exhaust port 1 is larger than the effective smoke amount per unit area at the ceiling inner portion provided with the inner smoke exhaust port 2, Since more smoke is emitted from the smoke near the wall W than inside the room, it is possible to reliably suppress the smoke S from falling near the wall W.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the ceiling end.
In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the smoke evacuation system according to the present embodiment, a recessed portion 6 that is recessed on the back side of the ceiling (ceiling chamber 3 side) is formed at the end of the ceiling C. The recessed portion 6 is a stepped ceiling having a ceiling surface that is one step higher than the inner portion of the ceiling C, and the ceiling height of the recessed portion 6 is higher than the ceiling height of the inner portion of the ceiling C. The recess 6 extends in an annular shape (in the shape of a rectangular frame in plan view) along the outer edge of the ceiling C.

  An annular smoke exhaust 1 is formed on the inner side of the recess 6 described above. If it demonstrates in detail, the cyclic | annular smoke exhaust 1 will be formed in the rising part (side surface of the inner peripheral side of the cyclic | annular hollow part 6) of the hollow part 6. FIG. The annular smoke exhaust port 1 is an opening that allows communication between the inside of the recess 6 and the ceiling chamber 3, and extends over the entire circumference of the annular recess 6.

  Moreover, the smoke exhaust system in this Embodiment is provided in the hollow part 6, the damper 7 which controls the distribution | circulation of the smoke S in the annular smoke exhaust port 1, and the smoke which is attached to the ceiling C and senses indoor smoke S And a sensor 8.

  The damper 7 includes a door body 70 that opens and closes the annular smoke exhaust port 1 and an opening / closing mechanism (not shown) that opens and closes the door body 70. The door body 70 is a plate portion that closes the annular smoke outlet 1 in a normal state, and is provided so as to be rotatable. The opening / closing mechanism described above is a mechanism including a drive source such as a motor and a cylinder and a link mechanism, and is controlled to be driven in conjunction with the smoke detector 8. Specifically, the drive source of the opening / closing mechanism and the smoke detector 8 are connected via a control means (control panel) (not shown), and a smoke detection signal is transmitted from the smoke detector 8 to the control means. Then, a drive signal is sent from the control means to the drive source of the opening / closing mechanism, the drive source is driven, and the door body 70 is rotated to open the annular smoke outlet 1.

  The operation of the smoke exhaust system configured as described above will be described.

When smoke S is generated in the room and the smoke detector 8 detects the smoke S, a power source of an opening / closing mechanism (not shown) is driven to rotate the door body 70 and the annular smoke outlet 1 is opened.
On the other hand, the smoke S that has flowed from the fire position through the ceiling C to the vicinity of the wall W accumulates in the hollow portion 6. Then, the smoke S accumulated in the hollow portion 6 flows into the ceiling chamber 3 from the opened annular smoke exhaust port 1. The smoke S that has flowed into the ceiling chamber 3 flows into the smoke exhaust duct 4 from the intake port 40 and is discharged to the outside by the smoke exhaust fan 5, as in the first embodiment described above.

  According to the smoke exhaust system configured as described above, the depression 6 serving as a smoke storage space is provided so that the smoke S in the vicinity of the wall W is likely to rise. Can be suppressed.

  In addition, since the damper 7 that opens and closes the annular smoke outlet 1 operates in conjunction with the smoke detector 8, the annular smoke outlet 1 can be simultaneously opened when smoke S is generated in the room, and the wall W The nearby smoke S can be discharged early.

The embodiment of the smoke exhaust system according to the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments described above, and can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It is.

  In the first and second embodiments described above, the smoke exhaust system applied to a large office building is described. However, in the smoke exhaust system according to the present invention, an evacuation route is arranged around the store. It is also ideal for merchandise stores that often tend to be used, and is also applicable to relatively small spaces.

  In the first and second embodiments described above, the smoke exhaust system having the smoke exhaust passage composed of the ceiling chamber 3 and the smoke exhaust duct 4 has been described, but the present invention is limited to the configuration described above. However, the configuration of the flue gas passage can be changed as appropriate. For example, it is possible to attach a smoke exhaust fan to the wall in the ceiling chamber 3 so that the smoke S in the ceiling chamber 3 is directly discharged to the outdoors, and thus the smoke exhaust duct 4 can be omitted. . In addition, the smoke exhaust duct 4 intake port is connected to the annular smoke exhaust port 1 and the inner smoke exhaust port 2, and the smoke S directly flows into the smoke exhaust duct 4 from the annular smoke exhaust port 1 and the inner smoke exhaust port 2. In this way, the ceiling chamber 3 can be omitted.

  In the second embodiment described above, the electric damper 7 that is operated by a drive source such as a motor is used. However, in the present invention, the annular smoke exhaust port 1 is opened and closed by a manual damper. Is also possible.

  In addition, in the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention, it is possible to replace suitably the component in above-mentioned embodiment with a well-known component, and you may combine the above-mentioned modification suitably.

It is a looking up view in a building room for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the building for demonstrating the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the ceiling edge part for demonstrating the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Annular smoke outlet 2 Inside smoke outlet 3 Ceiling chamber (smoke exhaust passage)
4 Smoke exhaust duct (smoke exhaust flow passage)
5 Smoke exhaust fan 6 Recessed part C Ceiling S Smoke W Wall

Claims (2)

A smoke exhaust system that discharges smoke generated indoors during a fire,
An annular smoke vent disposed along the outer edge of the ceiling of the chamber;
A flue gas flow passage communicating with the annular flue port;
A smoke exhaust fan forcibly discharging the smoke flowing into the smoke flow passage to the outside;
An inner smoke outlet disposed at an inner position of the annular smoke outlet of the ceiling,
The effective smoke emission amount per unit area at the ceiling end portion provided with the annular smoke exhaust port is larger than the effective smoke emission amount per unit area in the ceiling inner portion provided with the inner smoke exhaust port. And a smoke exhaust system. The smoke exhaust system according to claim 1 ,
At the end of the ceiling, a hollow portion recessed on the back side of the ceiling is provided annularly along the outer edge of the ceiling,
A smoke exhaust system, wherein the annular smoke exhaust port is provided inside the recess.

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