JP4731467B2 - デュアルモードスイッチングを有する電気泳動ディスプレイ - Google Patents
デュアルモードスイッチングを有する電気泳動ディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4731467B2 JP4731467B2 JP2006503658A JP2006503658A JP4731467B2 JP 4731467 B2 JP4731467 B2 JP 4731467B2 JP 2006503658 A JP2006503658 A JP 2006503658A JP 2006503658 A JP2006503658 A JP 2006503658A JP 4731467 B2 JP4731467 B2 JP 4731467B2
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- G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
- G09G3/3446—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices with more than two electrodes controlling the modulating element
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- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
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Description
(1)アップ/ダウンスイッチングのみを有するEPD
図1のEPDは、アップ/ダウンスイッチングモードのみを有する。図中のセルには、着色された(赤、緑および青)誘電性流体に正電荷を帯びた白色粒子が分散している懸濁液が充填されている。図1に、上部電極と底部電極(または下部電極)(図示せず)との間の電圧差によって帯電された全3つのセルを示す。緑および青のセルでは、上部電極が低電圧を有し、これら2つのセル内の正電荷を帯びた白色粒子は透明な上部表示電極へ移動し、結果として、粒子の色(即ち、白)が2つのセル内の透明導体フィルムを通って観察者に反射される。赤のセルでは、底部電極が低電圧を有する;その結果として、正電荷を帯びた白色粒子はセルの下部に移動し、媒体の色(即ち、赤)が上部の透明導体フィルムを通して見られる。図1に示すシナリオでは、緑および青のピクセルから反射される白色光が赤のピクセルの彩度を大きく下げる。
図2A−2Dに、インプレーンスイッチングモードのみを有する従来技術のEPDの不利点を示す。
図3は、本発明の典型的な電気泳動セルの側面図を示す。カップ状のセルのみが示されているが、本発明の範囲は、マイクロチャネルおよび同等のものから形成されたセルおよび全てのタイプの常套の電気泳動セルを包含すると理解されよう。
米国出願第09/518488号(2000年3月3日出願)および米国出願第09/784972号(2001年2月15日出願)に開示されているように、通常は、マイクロカップをマイクロエンボス加工またはフォトリソグラフィによって製造することができる。
雄型の製造
雄型は、例えば、ダイヤモンドターンプロセス(diamond turn process)またはレジストの現像後にエッチングもしくは電気メッキのいずれかを行うフォトレジストプロセス等のいずれの適当な方法によっても製造することができる。雄型用のマスターテンプレートは、電気メッキ等のいずれの適当な方法によっても製造することができる。電気メッキにより、ガラス基板にクロムインコネル等のシードメタルの薄層(典型的には3000Å)をスパッタする。次いで、フォトレジスト層をコートして、UVに曝露する。UVとフォトレジスト層との間にマスクを置く。フォトレジストの露光領域は硬化状態となる。次いで、非露光領域を、適当な溶媒を用いて洗浄することにより除去する。残りの硬化フォトレジストを乾燥させ、シードメタルの薄層を再びスパッタする。これにより、電鋳用のマスターの準備が完了する。電鋳用の典型的な材料は、ニッケルコバルトである。別法では、マスターを、「コンティニュアス・マニュファクチャリング・オブ・シン・カバー・シート・オプティカル・メディア(Continuous manufacturing of thin cover sheet optical media)」(SPIE Proc.)第1663巻、第324頁(1992年)に記載されているように無電解ニッケル付着または電鋳によりニッケルから形成してよい。型のフロアは、典型的には約50〜400ミクロンの厚さである。マスターは、e(電子)−ビーム・ライティング、ドライ・エッチング、ケミカル・エッチング、レーザー・ライティングまたはレーザー干渉(laser interference)(例えば「リプリケーション・テクニクス・フォー・マイクロ−オプティックス(Replication techniques for micro-optics)」(SPIE Proc.)第3099巻、第76〜82頁(1997年)に記載されているようなもの)を含む他のマイクロエンジニアリング技術を用いて製造することもできる。別法では、型は、プラスチック、セラミックまたは金属を用いるフォトマシニングまたはダイヤモンドターニングによって製造することができる。
マイクロカップアレイを製造するためのフォトリソグラフィ・プロセスを、図5Aおよび5Bに示す。
別法では、電気泳動ディスプレイセルを常套の方法によって製造することができる。図13Aは、仕切壁に位置合わせした(registered)インプレーン電極を有する電気泳動セルのアレイの断面図を示す。この場合、インプレーン電極を壁構造物の一部と見なしてよい。このデザインを、「クローズドループ」型と呼ぶこともできる。
セルには、着色された誘電性溶媒中に分散する帯電色素粒子を含んで成る電気泳動組成物が充填されている。懸濁液は、電界で移動しない付加的な着色剤をオプションとして含んでよい。色素分散物は、例えば米国特許第6017584号、第5914806号、第5573711号、第5403518号、第5380362号、第4680103号、第4285801号、第4093534号、第4071430号および第3668106号等の、当該技術分野で周知の方法によって調製してよい。また、アイ・イー・イー・イー・トランス・エレクトロン・デバイシィーズ(IEEE Trans. Electr. Dev.)、24巻、第827頁(1977年)、およびジャーナル・アプライド・フィジックス(J. Appl. Phys.)第49(9)巻、第4820頁(1978年)を参照のこと。
充填およびトップシーリング方法は、同時係属特許出願である、米国出願第09/518488号、米国出願第09/784972号、米国出願第09/879408号、米国出願第09/874391号および米国出願第60/408256号(これらの開示内容は、全て、参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる)に記載されている。
次いで、好ましくは接着層を有する別の電極フィルムを用いて、トップシールされたマイクロカップをラミネートする。適当な接着材料として、感圧性接着剤(アクリル系およびゴムタイプ)、UV硬化性接着剤(例えば、多官能性アクリレート、エポキシド、ビニルエーテルもしくはチオレン等を含む)、ならびに湿気または熱硬化性接着剤(例えば、エポキシ、ポリウレタンもしくはシアノアクリレート接着剤等)が挙げられる。
IV(a) パッシブマトリクス
(1) 電極回路設計
図6Aは、2層のパッシブマトリクス電極回路設計の側面図である。図6Bは、デュアルモードの2層のパッシブマトリクス電極設計の上面図を示す。1つの上部層(61)と底部層(62)との間にセル(60)をはさむ。水平方向のバーは、透明であり、且つセルの上部を走る行(ロウ)電極(63)である。底部層(62)は、セルの左側にある1つのインプレーン電極(64)、1つの底部列(カラム)電極(65)および右側の別のインプレーン電極(66)から成る。インプレーン電極とカラム電極との間にギャップ(67)が存在する。
本発明のデュアルモードスイッチングを説明するために、共通の黒背景および透明な(clear)着色溶媒中に分散する正電荷を帯びた白色粒子を含んで成る電気泳動セルを用いる。
(1) 電極回路設計
LCDディスプレイシステムに用いられるTFT(薄膜トランジスタ)アクティブマトリクス(Active Matrix)は、米国特許第5132820号に記載されている。そのようなTFT技術を、本発明のデュアルモードEPDに適用することもできる。好ましい態様では、例えばITO等の透明導体材料でできている上部層電極は、ディスプレイの上面全体を覆うワンピース形状である。上部電極はグラウンド(0V)に接続する。図10Aは、2x2のセルアレイの底部電極層の上面図を示す。図10Bは、TFT接続の詳細を示す。各セル(100)は、1つの底部電極(101)および2つのインプレーン電極(102)を含んで成る。各々の底部電極はTFT(104a)のドレイン(103a)に接続する。各セルのインプレーン電極は別のTFT(104b)のドレイン(103b)に接続する。TFT(104aおよび104b)のソース(105aおよび105b)は、デバイスの底面を通って垂直に走る信号線(106aおよび106b)に接続する。TFT(104aおよび104b)のゲート(107aおよび107b)は走査線(108)に接続し、該走査線はデバイスの底面を通って水平に走る。走査線および信号線はマトリクス構造を形成するが、互いに絶縁されている。
本発明のデュアルモードスイッチングを説明するために、共通の黒背景および透明な着色溶媒中に分散する正電荷を帯びた白色粒子を含んで成る電気泳動セルを用いる。
(1) 電極回路設計
この新規の設計では、駆動電極設計にパッシブマトリクス電極およびTFTアクティブマトリクスの両方を利用する。図11Aは駆動回路設計の上面図、図11Bはその側面図を示す。底部電極層(117)は、底部列電極(111)およびインプレーン電極(112)を含んで成る。各セルのインプレーン電極をTFT(113)のドレインに接続する。TFTのソースを、デバイスの底面を通って垂直に走る信号線(114)に接続する。TFTのゲートを、デバイスの底面を通って水平に走る走査線(115)に接続する。走査線および信号線はマトリクス構造を形成するが、2つのタイプの線は互いに絶縁されている。セル(110)を、1つの上部層(116)と底部層(117)との間に挟む。水平方向のバーは、透明であり且つセル(110)の上部を通って走る上部行電極(118)である。2つのインプレーン電極(112)と列電極(111)とを分離するギャップ(119)が存在する。上部行電極、底部列電極およびインプレーン電極の断面がディスプレイセルを規定する。
本発明のデュアルモードスイッチングを説明するために、共通の黒背景および透明な着色溶媒中に分散する正電荷を帯びた白色粒子を含んで成る電気泳動セルを用いる。
(1) 電極回路設計
別の新規の設計では、駆動電極設計にパッシブマトリクス電極およびTFTアクティブマトリクスの両方を利用する。図12Aは、駆動回路設計の上面図を示し、図12Bはその側面図を示す。底部電極層(127)は、底部列電極(121)およびインプレーン電極(122)を含んで成る。各セルの底部電極をTFT(123)のドレインに接続する。TFTのソースを、デバイスの底面を通って垂直に走る信号線(124)に接続する。TFTのゲートを、デバイスの底面を通って水平に走る走査線(125)に接続する。走査線および信号線はマトリクス構造を形成するが、互いに絶縁されている。セル(120)を、上部層(126)と底部層(127)との間に挟む。水平方向のバーは、透明であり且つセルの上部を通って走る上部行電極(128)である。2つのインプレーン電極(122)と底部電極(121)とを分離するギャップ(129)が存在する。上部行電極、底部電極およびインプレーン電極の断面がディスプレイセルを規定する。
本発明のデュアルモードスイッチングを説明するために、共通の黒背景および透明な着色溶媒中に分散する正電荷を帯びた白色粒子を含んで成る電気泳動セルを用いる。
本願発明は以下の態様を含む。
(態様1)
電気泳動ディスプレイであって、
a) 上部電極を含んで成る上部層、
b) 底部電極を含んで成る底部層、
c) 上部層と底部層との間に挟まれた電気泳動セルのアレイ
を含んで成り、各々のセルは、
(i) 仕切壁;
(ii) 上部表示側から見えないインプレーン電極;
(iii) セル背景、および
(iv) セル内に充填された電気泳動組成物(組成物は、着色された誘電性溶媒または溶媒混合物に分散された唯1種類の帯電色素粒子を含んで成る)
を含んで成る、電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様2)
帯電色素粒子は白色を有する、態様1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様3)
上部電極は透明である、態様1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様4)
底部電極は着色されている、態様1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様5)
底部電極は黒くされている、態様4に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様6)
底部電極は薄膜トランジスタを含んで成る、態様1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様7)
電気泳動組成物は、赤色、緑色および青色を有し、セルに順次充填されてトップシールされる、態様1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様8)
電気泳動ディスプレイであって、
a) 上部電極を含んで成る上部層、
b) 底部電極を含んで成る底部層、
c) 上部層と底部層との間に挟まれたマイクロカップアレイ
を含んで成り、各々のマイクロカップは、
(i) 仕切壁;
(ii) 上部表示側から見えないインプレーン電極;
(iii) セル背景、
(iv) マイクロカップ内に充填された電気泳動組成物(組成物は、着色された誘電性溶媒または溶媒混合物に分散された唯1種類の帯電色素粒子を含んで成る)、および
(v) 各々のマイクロカップに電気泳動組成物を封入する高分子トップシーリング層
を含んで成る、電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様9)
シーリング層は、表示側にある、態様8に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
(態様10)
シーリング層は、非表示側にある、態様8に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
Claims (12)
- 電気泳動ディスプレイであって、
a) 上部電極を含んで成る上部層、
b) 底部電極を含んで成る底部層、
c) 上部層と底部層との間に挟まれた電気泳動セルのアレイ
を含んで成り、各々のセルは、
(i) 仕切壁;
(ii) 仕切壁に埋め込まれ、上部表示側から見えないインプレーン電極;
(iii) セル背景、および
(iv) セル内に充填された電気泳動組成物であって、着色された誘電性溶媒または溶媒混合物に分散された同じ帯電極性を有する色素粒子を含んで成る電気泳動組成物
を含んで成り、および、該セルは、色素粒子の色、誘電性溶媒または溶媒混合物の色、またはセル背景の色である3種の色状態を表示可能である、電気泳動ディスプレイ。 - 帯電色素粒子は同じ色を有する、請求項1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 帯電色素粒子は白色を有する、請求項1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 上部電極は透明である、請求項1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 底部電極は着色されている、請求項1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 底部電極は黒くされている、請求項5に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 底部電極は薄膜トランジスタを含んで成る、請求項1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 電気泳動組成物は、赤色、緑色または青色を有し、セルに順次充填されてトップシールされる、請求項1に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 電気泳動ディスプレイであって、
a) 上部電極を含んで成る上部層、
b) 底部電極を含んで成る底部層、
c) 上部層と底部層との間に挟まれたマイクロカップアレイ
を含んで成り、各々のマイクロカップは、
(i) 仕切壁;
(ii) 仕切壁に埋め込まれ、上部表示側から見えないインプレーン電極;
(iii) セル背景、
(iv) マイクロカップ内に充填された電気泳動組成物であって、着色された誘電性溶媒または溶媒混合物に分散された同じ帯電極性を有する色素粒子を含んで成る電気泳動組成物、および
(v) 各々のマイクロカップに電気泳動組成物を封入する高分子トップシーリング層
を含んで成り、および、該マイクロカップは、色素粒子の色、誘電性溶媒または溶媒混合物の色、またはセル背景の色である3種の色状態を表示可能である、電気泳動ディスプレイ。 - 帯電色素粒子が同じ色を有する、請求項9に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- シーリング層は、表示側にある、請求項9に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- シーリング層は、非表示側にある、請求項9に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
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US10/367,595 US7271947B2 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-02-14 | Electrophoretic display with dual-mode switching |
US10/367,595 | 2003-02-14 | ||
PCT/US2004/004711 WO2004075151A2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-02-13 | Electrophoretic display with dual-mode switching |
Publications (3)
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JP2006520012A JP2006520012A (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
JP2006520012A5 JP2006520012A5 (ja) | 2007-03-29 |
JP4731467B2 true JP4731467B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
Family
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US (1) | US7271947B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4731467B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1242300C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI231880B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004075151A2 (ja) |
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JP2015156035A (ja) * | 2003-11-05 | 2015-08-27 | イー インク コーポレイション | 電気光学ディスプレイ |
KR20130112502A (ko) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-14 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 전기영동 표시장치와 그 제조방법 |
KR101989495B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-04 | 2019-06-14 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 전기영동 표시장치와 그 제조방법 |
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TWI231880B (en) | 2005-05-01 |
CN1242300C (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
US7271947B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 |
JP2006520012A (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
WO2004075151A2 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
CN1521550A (zh) | 2004-08-18 |
WO2004075151A3 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
US20040032390A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
TW200415433A (en) | 2004-08-16 |
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