JP4724873B2 - Ready-made pile - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention improves the reliability of the pile hole widening part. Let Regarding ready-made piles.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in the case of embedding a concrete ready-made pile in the bottom of the pile hole, the straight pile 16 having a constant outer diameter is supported on the supporting ground (ground bottom) 11 by the bottom surface 17 (outer diameter D) (FIG. 15A). ). Further, even a so-called ST pile 24, which is a ready-made pile and has a large lower end, was supported downward on the bottom surface 25 (outer diameter D) and supported on the support ground 11 (FIG. 15B).
[0003]
In addition, before or after laying off-the-shelf piles after excavation of the normal pile hole, cement milk is injected into the lower layer of the pile hole and filled with cement milk of a certain solidification strength, allowing soil mud to adhere to the periphery of the pile. On the other hand, there was a burial method that lowered the piles, and there was a concern about the deterioration of quality during construction on the ground with poor geology including silt.
[0004]
Also, the conventional foundation structure of so-called knot piles with ribs on the outer periphery of the pile is only a straight pile hole, and with respect to the load and pulling force, the shape and dimensions of the bottom expanded part, and in particular, the buried construction to provide the bottom expanded part Thus, consideration of shear stress on the ribs was insufficient.
[0005]
In general, in the construction method in which cement milk is injected into the pile hole and the cement milk and the excavated mud are stirred and mixed to form a soil cement layer, the excavated mud remains in the upper layer (mouth) of the pile hole. It had been. This is because the packing material in the upper layer of the pile hole overflows on the ground as the ready-made pile descends into the pile hole and is discarded, and it is considered that the quality of the pile structure is not affected.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In conventional ready-made piles, it is considered that the development of the support force is mainly limited to the bottom surfaces 17 and 25 of the ready-made piles, and the support force is due to the bottom area of the ready-made piles. Further, the pulling resistance force mainly depends on the surface friction force of the pile, and thus depends on the surface area. Therefore, the outer diameter DD of the bottom expanded portion 28 of the conventional pile hole 26 ₁ Is the outer diameter DD of the shaft 27 ₀ Of 1.2 to 1.5. In addition, the adhesive strength between the side surfaces 16a and 24a of the piles already piled at the time of burial and the end surfaces 17 and 25 of the lower ends of the piles and soil cement mixed with cement milk solidified in the pile holes 26 or excavated soil is not particularly considered It was not done (FIG. 15).
[0007]
Moreover, a node pile is a pile which has the function hold | maintained in the ground by the frictional force in a side surface, and the length (depth of a pile hole) of a pile is about 10-30m normally, straight pile 16 etc. It has been used in a completely different standard field, and no widened bottom portion has been formed. Therefore, the support force and pull-out resistance force at the lower end are not particularly considered, and it is a substance that does not have a foundation structure that makes full use of the strength of the pile node.
[0008]
That is, the pile hole for embedding the joint pile is straight, the pile hole diameter is almost the same as the joint diameter, the gap between the pile part and the inner wall of the pile hole is very small, and the construction of the rooted part is also related. Excavation and pile burial work have been carried out with the shape and dimensions of the pile holes taking full advantage of the pile performance, taking into account the shear force due to the vertical stress propagated from the lower end face of the pile and each node at the lower end. There wasn't.
[0009]
In addition, when the ready-made pile is lowered through the excavated mud layer remaining in the upper part of the pile hole, it is buried in the pile hole with the mud film formed on the outer surface of the ready-made pile. In addition, there was a problem that the initial settlement occurred and the cement milk and the ready-made pile could not be sufficiently integrated in the pile hole.
[0010]
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the stability of the quality at the time of initial subsidence when the bearing capacity of the pile is developed, and there is no construction method that takes into account the geology with poor bearing capacity including silt, etc. However, there was a problem that the strength of each ready-made pile was not utilized effectively corresponding to the stratum.
[0011]
In addition, in order to fully demonstrate the performance of each pile in the foundation pile, several connected piles are usually adopted, but in the case of heterogeneous connected piles using joint piles that are representative of conventional protruding piles, vertical support is used. The lower pile using the friction force due to the projections (nodes) mainly as the force and the cylindrical pile having the predetermined bending stress as the horizontal support force are made as the upper pile, and the shaft diameter of both piles is Usually, it is comprised as the same dimension (for example, patent 2651893 etc.). In other words, the heterogeneous pile connection with the lower pile with protrusions is composed of an upper pile (cylindrical pile) with horizontal bearing capacity and a lower pile (node pile) with frictional force, and the shaft diameters of both piles are set to the same size. It was the method of connecting both in a part. In addition, various structures have been proposed in which the horizontal force of the upper pile is strengthened as the dimensions of the shaft diameters of both piles are different, and the changed part of the pile diameter dimension is provided in the pile body or the pile connection part. Is located in the shaft part of the pile hole and the changed part cannot be sufficiently reinforced with soil cement around the pile, and it is difficult to cope with both the technical and economic aspects of strength and stress concentration of the changed part. there were. Therefore, in the conventional connection technique, for example, when the supporting force of the lower pile is large, it is not possible to adopt the pile shape / outer diameter dimension in which the horizontal supporting force of the upper pile is the optimum value. As a whole, the optimal connection configuration could not be designed. In other words, it was difficult to achieve the optimum bearing capacity for the entire foundation pile.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
However, the present invention embeds a pre-made pile having protrusions on the outer periphery in the expanded pile hole. Set up The above-mentioned problem was solved.
[0022]
That is, the ready-made pile of this invention is A pre-made pile that is embedded in a pile hole with a bottom expanded portion formed at the lower end of the pile hole shaft, and the portion located at the shaft of the pile hole planned to be embedded is a straight pile, and the bottom expanded portion of the pile hole planned to be embedded And a structure having a protrusion on the portion located at On the bottom shaft portion of the pile hole, on the lower shaft portion having the protrusion, the upper shaft portion having a straight pile shape and a larger diameter than the lower shaft portion is integrally formed via the inclined step portion, and The inclined step was formed at a height located within the expanded bottom of the pile hole. It is a ready-made pile characterized by this.
[0027]
Further, the other ready-made piles are ready-made piles in which the upper pile is connected to the lower pile located on the bottom expanded portion and the shaft lower end side of the pile hole to be buried, and the lower pile is planned to be buried. An upper shaft portion, which is located at the bottom of the pile hole and has a protrusion and is straight pile-shaped and larger in diameter than the lower shaft portion, is integrally formed via the inclined step portion, and the inclined step The upper pile is formed with a height substantially equal to that of the upper shaft of the lower pile. Moreover, in the above, it is the ready-made pile characterized by having comprised so that the axial force of a lower pile and the axial force of an upper pile may become substantially the same intensity | strength.
[0029]
still, Less than √3 represents “square root 3 (about 1.732...)”.
[0030]
Embodiment
(1) Spinning the excavation rod forward, the shaft part (hole diameter D) of the pile hole 1 equivalent to the normal pile hole ₀₀ ) 2 is excavated.
[0031]
(2) Reverse the excavation rod (or use another excavation head for expansion excavation) and excavate the bottom expansion portion 3 in the pile hole 1 (FIG. 1 (a)), and the hole diameter D ₁₁ And Cement milk (solidification strength 100-300 kg / cm corresponding to the strength of the supporting ground) in the expanded bottom 3 ² ) And agitate and mix with excavated soil to form soil cement. Next, cement milk as a pile circumference fixing liquid is poured into the pile hole shaft and stirred with the excavated soil to form a soil cement up to the pile hole opening.
[0032]
(3) Next, in the pile hole 1, an annular rib (outer diameter D ₁ ) Concrete ready-made piles with shafts 5, 6, 7 (shaft diameter D ₀ ) 4 is lowered (FIG. 1B). The annular ribs are 5, 6, 7 in order from the bottom.
[0033]
(4) Within the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1 and a predetermined height DH from the ground bottom surface 11 of the expanded bottom portion 3 ₁ The pile structure 10 is constructed by burying the ready-made pile 4 so that the lowermost end surface is located (thickness corresponding to the required strength of the soil cement, which is usually greater than the shaft diameter of the pile). Here, the annular ribs 5 and 6 are arranged on the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1.
[0034]
(5) Here, when a vertical load acts on the ready-made pile 4, not only the lower end surface 8a of the shaft portion 8 of the ready-made pile 4, but also the lower surfaces 5a, 6a of the annular ribs 5 and 6 on the side surface of the ready-made pile 4 Shear force propagates around the edge of each angle θ ₁ At a portion corresponding to the conical bottom surface at an angle of about 30 °, a supporting pressure is generated, and the supporting ground surface (ground bottom surface) 11 has D in order. _8a , D _5a , D _6a However, since the integrity of the annular ribs 5 and 6 and the soil cement in the expanded bottom portion 13 is high, the vertical load is the entire diameter of the expanded bottom portion 3 (D ₁₁ ).
[0035]
Therefore, the conventional straight pile (almost D ₀ As compared with the equivalent), the supporting force of one pile 10 can be greatly increased. In other words, the necessary bearing capacity based on pile strength and buildings, etc. _8a Dimension D from above _6a A desired supporting force can be set by selecting within the following wide range (FIG. 1C).
[0036]
(6) Next, when a drawing stress is applied to the ready-made pile 4, shear force propagates at the peripheral edges of the upper side 5 b and 6 b of the annular ribs 5 and 6, and the angle θ ₂ It acts conically upward at an angle of about 30 °, but the uppermost annular rib 6 in the expanded base 3 and the horizontal plane X of the uppermost end of the expanded base 3 (the lowest end of the pile hole shaft 2) Gap DH ₂ (Thickness equivalent to the required strength of the soil cement, usually greater than the shaft diameter of the pile) (ie DH ₂ In the meantime, no annular rib is formed), and since the integrity of the annular rib portion and the soil cement portion in the expanded bottom portion 3 is high, the drawing resistance can be expressed in the entire diameter of the expanded bottom portion. Accordingly, the pulling force of a single pile can be greatly increased as compared with a straight pile, as in the case of the action of a vertical load. In other words, the pulling force required for pile foundations and structures is the diameter of the bottom expanded part D _5b Dimension D from above _6b A desired pulling force can be set by selecting within the following range (FIG. 1 (d)).
[0037]
Here, if you want to further increase the support force and pull-out force of the protrusion, increase the number of protrusions of the ready-made pile in the expanded bottom part, or increase the outer diameter of the protrusion (the limit that the protrusion is not destroyed) Is possible).
[0038]
Further, in this example, the shear force propagation angle θ (θ is set so that the shear force load range of one protrusion does not overlap with the shear force load range of the adjacent protrusion and does not overlap each other. ₁ , Θ ₂ ) Considering the height of each protrusion, there is a sufficient margin between the annular ribs.
[0039]
Therefore, when the number of protrusions (the number in the vertical direction) is increased, the propagation angle θ (θ of the shear force of each protrusion as described above is used in order to sufficiently display the supporting force of the protrusion. ₁ , Θ ₂ ) Must be set (FIGS. 1B and 1C).
[0040]
Therefore, if the diameter of the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1 is increased and the area of the bottom surface is increased as much as possible, the supporting force and the pulling force increase. The optimum excavation diameter of the bottom-expanded part taking into account the shape is about 1.2 to 2.5 times the outer diameter of the shaft diameter of the pile hole, constitutes a pile hole, and a predetermined protrusion is provided in this pile hole It is desirable to use a pile.
[0041]
In addition, the burying method is effective even in geology where the tip ground strength is less than N value 50, but when the geology is not particularly good, when there is a lot of silt or the like and the strength is affected, the excavated soil in the expanded bottom portion is used. It is possible to replace cement milk to be injected, to reduce mixing of silt and the like as much as possible, to improve the quality of cement milk at least at the bottom expanded portion 3, and to stabilize and improve the strength after solidification.
[0042]
Moreover, in the said burying method, after forming the soil cement layer in the expanded bottom part 3, the ready-made pile 4 was lowered | hung and sunk, but according to the required quality of a foundation pile structure, while forming a soil cement conventionally, It is also optional to form the soil cement after burying the ready-made pile 4 or lowering the ready-made pile 4.
[0043]
Also, the cement milk injection timing is arbitrary before and after excavation of the bottom expanded portion 3 and before and after the descent of the ready-made pile, depending on the required quality of the foundation pile structure. In short, a soil cement layer having a predetermined strength and quality may be formed in the expanded bottom portion 3 after solidification.
[0044]
In addition, here, the ready-made concrete pile is described as the ready-made pile, but it can be applied to other pile materials other than concrete as long as it is a pre-made pile in which a predetermined protrusion is formed at the lower end of the pile. It is done.
[0045]
That is, based on the above-mentioned invention, when placing and embedding / fixing the protrusions of a prefabricated pile (so-called knots etc.) in the bottomed solidified part of the pile hole, The downward shearing force acting on the protrusion by constructing the foundation pile taking into account the shape and dimensions, the composition of the filling in the bottom of the pile hole, and the embedded position of the ready-made pile in the bottom of the pile hole. It is possible to realize a high vertical bearing pile with a tip bearing force using the same, and also a high pulling force pile using an upward shearing force due to the projection.
[0046]
In addition, in the ready-made pile having a high vertical supporting force with a projection and a high pulling force according to the above-mentioned invention, in order to balance with other pile characteristics and constitute a higher performance foundation pile, In order to adapt to the high vertical support force and high pull-out force, etc., by introducing a new technology to form the foundation pile connecting the desired upper pile to the lower pile having the protrusion that demonstrated the tip support force by the protrusion in It is possible to easily realize a well-balanced foundation pile in which desired performance by an upper pile having a predetermined shape dimension, that is, a horizontal support force is adapted.
[0047]
Moreover, although the said invention was set as the lower pile which strengthened both the high vertical support force and the high pull-out force, the lower pile which strengthened only one of the high vertical support force or the high pull-out force by the performance of the foundation pile to obtain | require Moreover, an upper pile can be connected and it can also be set as a foundation pile (ready-made pile). Also in this case, an upper pile is connected by the same structure to the lower pile embed | buried in a pile hole (bottom expansion part) by the structure which can strengthen only one of a high vertical support force or a high pull-out force. In this case as well, it goes without saying that a more balanced high-performance foundation pile not obtained in the past can be obtained.
[0048]
[Example 1]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0049]
The concrete ready-made pile 4 used in this embodiment forms an annular rib over its entire length. The annular ribs form annular ribs 5 and 6 embedded in the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1 and annular ribs 12 and 12 embedded in the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1. The ready-made pile 4 has an outer diameter D of the shaft portion 8. ₀ = 60 cm, outer diameter D of each annular rib ₁ = 75 cm, and the pitch P of the annular ribs is 100 cm (FIG. 2).
[0050]
Next, the diameter D of the shaft portion 2 ₀₀ (80 cm), diameter D of the widened portion 3 ₁₁ A pile hole 1 (150 cm) is excavated (FIG. 3A). Here, a predetermined solidification strength (300 kg / cm) is provided in the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1. ² ) Cement milk and filled with soil cement stirred and mixed with excavated soil. Further, the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1 has a solidification strength (200 kg / cm ² Soil cement (30 kg / cm) produced by mixing and mixing with excavated soil. ² Grade) is almost filled up to the hole of the pile.
[0051]
Subsequently, the ready-made pile 4 is lowered into the pile hole 1, and the lower end portion 9 of the ready-made pile 4 is held in the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1. Here, the bottom surface (lowermost end surface) 8a of the ready-made pile 4 is higher than the ground bottom surface 11 of the expanded bottom portion 3 by a height DH. ₁ (60 cm, the thickness of the soil cement layer between the bottom surface 8 a of the ready-made pile 4 and the ground bottom surface 11), the uppermost annular rib 6 located in the expanded bottom portion 3 and the uppermost horizontal surface in the expanded bottom portion 3 X and gap DH ₂ (60 cm) is provided.
[0052]
The pile structure 10 in which the ready-made pile 4 is embedded in the pile hole 1 is constructed by solidifying the soil cement (FIG. 3A).
[0053]
In the above, the ready-made pile 4 can also be lowered into the pile hole 1 while rotating. In this way, soil mud can be prevented from being fixed to the surface of the ready-made pile 4.
[0054]
In addition, although the lower layer of the buried ground of this example is sandy soil, if the buried ground contains silt or the like and the geology is not good, cement milk is injected into the bottom end of the expanded bottom part, and the silt is not good in strength. Etc. are pushed up and replaced with the upper layer portion of the pile hole to form a cement milk layer having a required strength and quality with as little unwanted silt as possible in the expanded bottom portion.
[0055]
Next, the vertical load W is applied to the pile structure 10. ₁ The strength of the supporting ground is 75 kg / cm ² When the degree is reached, finally (W ₁ = 1000kg / cm ² Degree), the pile structure 10 is broken by generating cracks 13a (FIG. 3B).
[0056]
The crack 13a is generated from the peripheral edge of the lower surface 6a of the annular rib 6 positioned above in the widened portion 3 of the pile hole 1, and the angle θ formed with the vertical is θ. ₁ It is formed in a conical shape 14pr of the bottom surface 14a downward (about 30 °).
[0057]
That is, it can be confirmed that the supporting pressure of the ready-made pile 4 is generated not only in the bottom surface 8a but also in the conical shape from the peripheral edges of the surfaces 5a and 6a directed downward of the annular ribs 5 and 6 in the bottom expanded portion 3 (FIG. 1). (C)).
[0058]
In the same manner as described above, in the pile structure 10 having a pile length of 14 m, the pulling stress W ₂ (W ₂ = 10t / m ² As a result, the pile structure 10 was healthy without finally being pulled out.
[0059]
Further, when a pulling force is applied, the pile structure 10 is broken by generating a crack 13b. The crack 13b is generated from the peripheral edge of the upper surface 5b of the annular rib 5 located below in the widened portion 3 of the pile hole 1, and the angle θ formed with the vertical is θ. ₂ It is formed in a conical shape 14pu having a bottom surface 14b upward (about 30 °) (FIG. 3C).
[0060]
That is, it can be confirmed that the pull-out stress of the ready-made pile 4 is generated in a conical shape from the peripheral edges of the surfaces 5b, 6b facing the upper sides of the annular ribs 5, 6 in the widened portion 3 (FIG. 1 (d), FIG. 3 ( c)).
[0061]
In addition, since the pile structure 10 has good integrity between the soil cement and the ready-made pile 4, when a vertical load is applied, the pile structure 10 also moves from the ground bottom surface 11 to the lower ground. _A As shown, the stress propagates (FIG. 1C).
[0062]
In the same manner as described above, when a pulling stress is applied to the pile structure 10, D is also applied to the upper ground from the uppermost horizontal plane X of the expanded bottom portion 3. _B Thus, stress propagates and plays an anchor-like role (FIG. 1 (d)).
[0063]
[Experimental example]
Identical shaft diameter D not forming annular ribs 5, 6,. ₀ A straight pile 16 is embedded in the same degree of cement milk in the pile hole 1 to constitute a foundation pile structure 18 (FIG. 4).
[0064]
When the same test is performed, the vertical load W _Three (= 500kg / cm ² Degree), a conical crack 13c is also generated and destroyed from the bottom surface 17 of the straight pile 16 of the pile structure 18.
[0065]
Therefore, W ₁ W _Three It has been confirmed that a significant increase in bearing pressure can be obtained by adding quality improvements in the integrity of the annular rib and the soil cement, which has been considered to not act on vertical loads.
[0066]
Similarly, when a pull-out test is performed, in the case of the foundation pile structure 18 of FIG. ² Although a pulling force of a degree is recognized, as described above, in the pile structure 10 of the present invention, 10 t / m, which is twice or more of this. ² Degree of pulling force W ₂ Was confirmed and a significant increase was obtained.
[0067]
That is, in the above experiment, the prefabricated piles 4 are embedded so that the annular ribs 5 and 6 of the prefabricated piles are embedded in the pile hole widening portion 3 of a predetermined diameter filled with the soil cement, and the vertical load and the pulling force are reliably transmitted. DH between the bottom surface 8a and the ground bottom surface 11 of the widened portion 3 ₁ And a gap DH between the uppermost annular rib 6 located in the expanded bottom portion 3 and the uppermost horizontal plane X of the expanded bottom portion 3. ₂ It was confirmed that the results were obtained under the conditions such as that the ready-made pile 4 and the soil cement had good integrity, and other conditions (such as the strength of cement milk).
[0068]
[Example 2]
Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0069]
In the first embodiment, the annular ribs 5, 6,... Are provided over the entire length of the ready-made pile 4, but the annular ribs may be formed at least in the portion located in the bottomed portion 3 of the pile hole 1. .
[0070]
In the first embodiment, the annular ribs 5, 6,... Are provided, but intermittent protrusions (plane cross-shaped) 21, 22, 23 can be alternately provided up and down (FIG. 5A). The protrusion 21 is from the protrusion pieces 21a and 21a (FIG. 5D), the protrusion 22 is from the protrusion pieces 22a and 22a (FIG. 5C), and the protrusion 23 is from the protrusion pieces 23a and 23a (FIG. 5A). ), Respectively.
[0071]
Moreover, in the said Example 1, although the annular ribs 5, 6, and 7 were made into the same diameter, it is D so that it may become a diameter sequentially from the bottom. ₂ , D _Three , D _Four Outside diameter (D ₂ <D _Three <D _Four ) (FIGS. 6A and 6B), or conversely, an outer diameter (D ₂ > D _Three > D _Four ) (Not shown).
[0072]
[Example 3]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the pile structure 10 of the first embodiment, the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1 is strengthened against a large vertical load and pulling force. In this embodiment, the pile hole shaft portion is further strengthened, and the entire pile structure is strengthened. As an off-the-shelf pile that can achieve a well-balanced reinforcement at the shaft and widened bottom, it also increases construction efficiency.
[0073]
In the first and second embodiments, the vertical support force (vertical load resistance) and the pull-out force are strengthened more than twice as the whole foundation pile, but the ready-made pile in the expanded bottom portion 3 forms protrusions on the shaft portion as a whole. A predetermined strength is ensured. In this case, since the shaft diameter of the ready-made pile in the expanded bottom portion 3 is small for its strength, the shaft diameter of the ready-made pile in the expanded bottom portion 3 remains the same as the upper portion of the ready-made pile. If applied to (the part of the prefabricated pile placed on the pile hole shaft part above the expanded bottom part 3), the strength of the pile material generally tends to be insufficient at the upper part of the prefabricated pile, and the construction range is limited. It also becomes.
[0074]
Therefore, from the viewpoint of corresponding to the difference in performance required in the depth direction, the upper pile and the lower pile are connected to form a foundation pile, and the upper pile and the lower pile are configured according to the required performance. It becomes effective. That is, in a construction site where a large bending moment or compressive force is required at the pile hole shaft portion, an upper pile that satisfies a predetermined specification such as strength required at the depth is used. And this upper pile is connected to the lower pile (having a predetermined supporting force and a pulling force) embedded in the expanded bottom portion of the pile hole to constitute a ready-made pile, and in the pile hole satisfying the predetermined performance ( If it is embedded in the bottom expanded part and the shaft part), the construction range is not limited, and it becomes easy to meet the performance specifications required for the entire foundation pile. Thus, if an upper pile and a lower pile are connected and a foundation pile is comprised, it can be set as the foundation pile of a structure desirable also from versatility and a cost surface. In addition, as in the case of connecting the upper pile and the lower pile, even if one ready-made pile is used, depending on the performance required for the upper and lower parts of one ready-made pile, the shaft diameter and protrusion It is also effective to configure the parts with different specifications.
[0075]
That is, in the widened root consolidation portion according to the present invention, a new technique for connecting a desired upper pile to a lower pile having a protrusion for exerting a tip support force to form a foundation pile is used, and further, a lower pile in the root consolidation portion is used. In the pile, by providing a part that adjusts the shape and size of the lower pile to the shaft portion of the upper pile or the shape and size of the outer pile, the shape and size of the connecting portion between the lower pile and the upper pile can be matched or connected easily The size and shape can be reduced. Therefore, the selection range of the shape dimension of the upper pile is expanded, the selection range of horizontal support force and the like is also expanded, the stress matching between the upper pile and the lower pile is facilitated, and the overall performance of the entire foundation pile can be improved.
[0076]
In addition, it is needless to say that the desired upper pile can be similarly adjusted in a well-balanced manner with respect to a bearing having a high pulling force that exerts an upward shearing force due to the protrusion. Furthermore, in the connection between the lower pile and the upper pile, it is desirable that the connection portions of the lower pile and the upper pile are aligned with the adjustment portion of the lower resistance so that they have a cylindrical shape with the same outer diameter. This makes it easy to balance the stress between the upper and lower piles, and is reliable and stable in the connection work.This foundation pile has high performance and requires unprecedented construction management. This is advantageous as well as economical.
[0077]
The ready-made pile 4 of this embodiment has one or a plurality of upper piles 30 used for a portion located in the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1 and a lower pile 32 used for a portion located in the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1. It is a hollow concrete pile composed of The upper pile 30 has an outer shape D. ₉ (= 700mm), wall thickness 110mm, concrete compressive strength 850kg / cm ² (FIG. 8A).
[0078]
Further, the lower pile 32 has a shaft portion 33 outer diameter D. ₀ (= 600mm), shaft thickness is 90mm, and annular ribs (outer diameter D) at the bottom and middle ₁ = 750 mm) 5 and 6 are formed, the upper end bulges out and is connected to the upper pile 30 (outer diameter D). ₉ = 700 mm) 34, the inner thickness of the connecting part is 165 mm, and the concrete compressive strength is 1000 kg / cm. ² Is formed. Here, the pile used as the upper pile usually has a large amount of prestress, so the thickness of the upper and lower piles, concrete compressive strength, etc. are varied to make the axial force strength almost the same strength. A step portion 35 whose outer diameter gradually changes is formed at the boundary between the bulging connecting portion 34 and the shaft portion 33 (FIG. 8A). The interval between the annular ribs 5 and 6 of the lower pile 32 and the step portion 35 is such that the annular rib 5 is located at a position 500 mm from the bottom surface 8a of the lower pile 32, the annular rib 6 is located at a position 1500mm, and the step portion 35 is located at a position 2000mm. Form each one.
[0079]
In a present Example, it is set as the structure which comprises the proof strength of each pile material in a foundation pile with sufficient balance, and implement | achieves high intensity | strength. That is, in the root consolidation part, the lower pile 32 is embedded in the root consolidation part up to the step part 35 including the shaft part 33.
[0080]
Here, for example, when the stepped portion 35 is taken out from the rooting portion, and the shaft portion 33 is also formed at the upper portion outside the rooting portion, the portion of the shaft portion 33 that is located outside the rooting portion is supported. Strength is outer diameter D ₀ It becomes the same as a normal pile of (600 mm). Therefore, the strength of this part is about one half of the support strength of the high-strength root-solidified portion, and about 70% of the upper pile (700 mm) connected to the upper portion of the step portion 35 exhibits the support strength. I can't.
[0081]
Therefore, in order to make use of the strength of the root consolidation part and the pile material, it is optimal to embed the shaft part 33 and the step part 35 of the lower pile 32 in the root consolidation part.
[0082]
Further, the lower pile 32 is a bar arrangement in which a spiral reinforcing bar 38 is provided around the PC steel rods 37 and 37 arranged at equal intervals along the circle of the shaft portion 33 (FIG. 9A). b)).
[0083]
In the manufacture of the lower pile 32, a dedicated concave and convex formwork may be used, but a protrusion may be formed by attaching a taper to the inner surface of the formwork of a conventional cylindrical pile (straight pile). Yes (not shown).
[0084]
Next, the diameter D of the shaft portion 2 ₀₀ (= 780 mm), diameter D of the expanded bottom portion 3 ₁₁ The pile hole 1 (= 1500 mm) is excavated, and the solidification strength (300 kg / cm) is set in the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1 in the same manner as in Example 1. ² ), And filled with soil cement stirred and mixed with excavated soil. The shaft 2 of the pile hole 1 has a solidification strength (200 kg / cm ² ) Cement milk and agitating and mixing with excavated soil, and soil cement (30 Kg / cm ² About) is filled up to the hole of the pile (FIG. 7A).
[0085]
Subsequently, the lower pile 32 is rotated and lowered if necessary so as not to allow dirt to adhere to the pile surface (FIG. 7B), and the upper pile 30 is connected to the connecting portion 34 of the lower pile 32. Then, it is lowered (FIG. 7C). The lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 is held in the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1. Here, the bottom surface (lowermost end surface) 8a of the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 is higher than the ground bottom surface 11 of the expanded bottom portion 3 by a height DH. ₁ (About 60 cm). Further, the step portion 35 of the connecting portion 34 of the lower pile 32 is located on the upper side in the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1, and the gap DH from the uppermost annular rib 6 to the uppermost horizontal plane X of the bottom expanded portion. ₂ (About 80 cm) is provided, and the connection surface 34 a (the lower edge 31 of the upper pile, the upper edge of the lower pile) is located inside the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1. By solidifying the soil cement, a pile structure 10 in which the ready-made pile 4 is embedded in the pile hole 1 is constructed (FIG. 7D).
[0086]
The pile structure 10 constructed in this manner is similar to the first embodiment, with respect to the vertical load, the bottom surface 8a, the surfaces 5a and 6a directed downward of the annular ribs 5 and 6, and the step portion 35 below. The directed surface acts to significantly increase the vertical load to be borne as compared to the first embodiment (FIG. 1 (c), FIG. 3 (b)). Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the surfaces 5b and 6b directed upward of the annular ribs 5 and 6 act on the pulling force, and a high pulling strength equal to or higher than that of the first embodiment can be obtained. (FIG. 1 (d), FIG. 3 (c)).
[0087]
In the above, the outer diameter of the upper pile 30 can be appropriately larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 33 of the lower pile 32, the bending moment of the shaft portion (upper pile 30) of the ready-made pile 4 is increased, and the pile hole 1 is expanded. The strength against the horizontal load and vertical load of the pile structure 10 at the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 can be enhanced while maintaining the reinforcement as the pile structure 10 at the portion 3. Moreover, by making the outer diameter of the upper pile 30 larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 33 of the lower pile 32, the outer surface of the ready-made pile 4 (upper pile 30) and the inner surface of the pile hole 1 can be obtained by the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2. Can be reduced, and the usage amount of the pile fixing liquid in the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 can be reduced. If the outer diameter of the upper pile 30 is made larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion of the lower pile 32 and smaller than the outer diameter of the annular ribs 5 and 6 while strengthening the proof strength against horizontal load, vertical load, etc., the pile surface area Becomes smaller and the pile can be easily inserted.
[0088]
In the above-described embodiment, the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 is arranged only in the shaft portion 33, but reinforcing reinforcing bars such as deformed steel bars 39 and 39 are also arranged in the upper bulging connecting portion 34, and the ring It can also reinforce with the lines 40, 40 (FIGS. 10A and 10B).
[0089]
Thus, by arranging the deformed steel bars 39, 39 on the outer periphery of the PC steel bars 37, 37, it is possible to prevent the pile head from being broken against a vertical load and a horizontal force acting from a ground structure or the like. In addition, by arranging the deformed steel bar 39, it is possible to withstand an excessive horizontal force. The effect of the deformed steel bar 39 is the same as that described in detail in the fourth embodiment, and is not described in this embodiment. As in the fourth embodiment, a plurality of (for example, two types) of deformed reinforcing bars 39 having different lengths are prepared, and adjacent deformed reinforcing bars can have different lengths (FIG. 14 (c)). ).
[0090]
Further, the lower pile 32 can be reinforced by arranging the deformed steel bars 41 and 41 obliquely through the hollow portion 36 (so-called “X bar arrangement”) in the gap between the PC steel bars 37 and 37. (FIGS. 11A and 11B).
[0091]
Moreover, in the said Example, the upper pile 30 and the lower pile 32 are compressive strength 800-1000 kg / cm. ² In this range, it is desirable to set the strength, but other strengths may be used.
[0092]
Moreover, in the said Example, the inclination angle of the step part 35 of the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 is the propagation angle (theta) ((theta) of axial force. ₁ , Θ ₂ . It can be formed at about 30 °, which is desirable because the step portion acts more effectively when the vertical load is applied (FIG. 8C), but the angle of the step portion can be arbitrarily set. Moreover, the lower pile 32 can also form the connection part 42 which bulged in the lower end part similarly to the upper end part (FIG.8 (d)), and can further improve a support force and a drawing-out force in this case. .
[0093]
Moreover, in the said Example, the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 can also extend the connection part 34 upwards, and can also form it in length L (FIG.8 (b)). The length L is appropriately selected and set in consideration of the load of the upper pile 30 connected to the upper portion and the structure constructed on the upper portion of the pile structure 10. Moreover, if the length L of the connection part 34 is made into the length of the upper pile 30 required, it can also be set as an integrated ready-made pile as a single pile, the upper pile 30 is unnecessary, and a joint work can be omitted in construction. .
[0094]
Moreover, in the said Example, although the upper pile 30 and the lower pile 32 were made into the concrete pile, it can also be comprised by winding a steel pipe around the outer periphery of a concrete pile, or can also be set as the steel pipe pile of the same structure (not shown). ).
[0095]
[Example 4]
(1) Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In Example 3, in addition to strengthening the vertical load and pull-out force in the pile structure 10 of Example 1, the pile hole shaft part can also be strengthened to achieve a well-balanced reinforcement between the shaft part and the bottom expanded part as a whole pile structure. The construction efficiency was also improved. In the present embodiment, the high vertical bearing strength strength capability of the rooting portion is utilized to the maximum, and the production efficiency is enhanced.
[0096]
(2) Composition of ready-made piles
The ready-made pile 4 of this embodiment has one or a plurality of upper piles 30 used for a portion located in the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1 and a lower pile 32 used for a portion located in the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1. It is a hollow concrete pile composed of The upper pile 30 has an outer shape D. ₉ (= 700mm), wall thickness 110mm, concrete compressive strength 850kg / cm ² (FIG. 13A).
[0097]
The lower pile 32 has a shaft portion (lower shaft portion) 33 outer diameter D. ₀ (= 600mm), shaft thickness is 90mm, and annular ribs (outer diameter D) at the bottom and middle ₁ = 750mm) 5 and 6 are formed, the upper end is the outer diameter D ₉ A straight pile-shaped upper shaft portion 43 is formed, and an upper end portion of the upper shaft portion 43 is connected to the upper pile 30 (outer diameter D). ₉ = 700 mm) 34 is formed, the inner thickness of the connecting portion is 140 mm, and the concrete compressive strength is 1000 kg / cm. ² Is formed.
[0098]
Since the upper shaft portion 43 is continuously formed integrally with the upper surface (located at the uppermost portion) of the annular rib 6, the shaft portion 33 does not appear in this portion as in the third embodiment. Outer diameter D ₉ Is the outer diameter D of the annular rib 6. ₁ (D ₁ > D ₉ ) Is formed continuously on the outer peripheral surface 6c of the annular rib 6 (FIG. 13A).
[0099]
Here, the pile used as the upper pile 30 is usually one having a large amount of prestress, as in Example 3, so that the thickness of the upper and lower piles, the concrete compressive strength, etc. can be varied to increase the axial force strength. Are almost the same strength. The interval between the annular ribs 5 and 6 of the lower pile 32 is such that the annular rib 5 is formed at a position 500 mm from the bottom surface 8 a of the lower pile 32 and the annular rib 6 is formed at a position 1500 mm. Further, the lower pile 32 is a bar arrangement in which a spiral reinforcing bar 38 is provided around PC steel rods 37 and 37 arranged at equal intervals along the circle of the shaft portion 33. In addition, deformed reinforcing bars 44 and 44 fixed to the joint end plate 45 are annularly arranged at the upper end portion of the upper shaft portion 43 (FIGS. 14A and 14B).
[0100]
In this way, by disposing the deformed steel bars 44, 44 on the outer periphery of the PC steel bars 37, 37, it is possible to prevent the pile head from being broken against the vertical load and the horizontal force acting from the ground structure or the like. Can do. Moreover, when it is set as a connection pile, this can be transmitted to the solidification part 3 substantially uniformly with respect to the vertical load which propagates from the upper pile 30 to the lower pile 32. At this time, it is desirable that the PC steel bar 37 bar arrangement position of the upper pile 30 and the deformed steel bar 44 bar arrangement position coincide. In addition, a helical rebar can be arranged around the deformed steel bar 44 (not shown).
[0101]
Further, by arranging the deformed steel bar 44, it is possible to withstand an excessive horizontal force. In addition, by preparing a plurality (for example, two types) of deformed reinforcing bars having different lengths and having adjacent deforming reinforcing bars of different lengths (FIG. 14 (b)), a load near the breaking load acts. When it does, it can prevent that a ready-made pile will be crushed at once.
[0102]
In addition, the effect of the above-described deformed steel bar 44 can be similarly exerted in the deformed steel bar 39 of the third embodiment.
[0103]
In the manufacture of the lower pile 32, a dedicated concave and convex formwork may be used, but a protrusion may be formed by attaching a taper to the inner surface of the formwork of a conventional cylindrical pile (straight pile). Yes (not shown).
[0104]
In addition, the lower pile 32 of the present invention (for the production of a high bearing capacity pile with ribs, the outer diameter D of the upper shaft portion 43 ₉ ) The outer diameter D of the annular ribs 5 and 6) ₁ Because the diameter is larger than the dimensions, it is possible to easily use conventional equipment for manufacturing piles with annular ribs by simply exchanging the manufacturing formwork, and can flexibly produce quantitatively without constructing a new production line. There are advantages.
[0105]
(3) Foundation pile burial method and foundation pile structure
Next, as in Example 3, the diameter D of the shaft portion 2 ₀₀ (= 780 mm), diameter D of the expanded bottom portion 3 ₁₁ The pile hole 1 (= 1100 mm) is excavated, and the solidification strength (200 kg / cm) is set in the bottom expanded portion 3 of the pile hole 1 as in Example 1. ² ), And filled with soil cement stirred and mixed with excavated soil. The shaft 2 of the pile hole 1 has a solidification strength (200 kg / cm ² ) Cement milk and agitating and mixing with the excavated soil, soil cement (30kg / cm ² About) is filled up to the hole of the pile (FIG. 12 (a)).
[0106]
Subsequently, the lower pile 32 is rotated and lowered if necessary so as not to allow dirt to adhere to the pile surface (FIG. 12B), and the upper pile 30 is connected to the connecting portion 34 of the lower pile 32. Then, it is lowered (FIG. 12 (c)). The lower end portion of the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 is installed in the expanded bottom portion 3 of the pile hole 1. Here, the bottom surface (lowermost end surface) 8a of the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 is higher than the ground bottom surface 11 of the expanded bottom portion 3 by a height DH. ₁ (About 50 cm). Further, the gap DH from the uppermost annular rib 6 of the lower pile 32 to the uppermost horizontal plane X of the expanded bottom portion ₂ (About 50 cm) is provided, and the connection surface 34 a (the lower edge 31 of the upper pile, the upper edge of the lower pile) is located inside the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1. By solidifying the soil cement, a pile structure 10 in which the ready-made pile 4 is buried in the pile hole 1 is constructed (FIG. 12D).
[0107]
In the pile structure 10 constructed in this way, the surface directed downward from the bottom surface 8a and the surfaces 5a and 6a directed downward from the annular ribs 5 and 6 acts on the vertical load in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Thus, the vertical load to be borne can be significantly increased as compared to the first embodiment (FIG. 1 (c), FIG. 3 (b)). In this case, since the inclined step portion 35 is not formed as compared with the third embodiment, the number of the downwardly acting surfaces is small, but a sufficient effect can be obtained.
[0108]
In addition, with respect to the pulling force, the surface 5b directed upward of the annular rib 5 and the upward outer peripheral surface 6c of the annular rib 6 act to obtain a high pulling strength equal to or higher than that of the first embodiment ( FIG. 1 (d) and FIG. 3 (c)).
[0109]
(4) Action
[0110]
(A) The outer diameter of the upper shaft portion 43 of the lower pile 32 is the rib outer diameter D. ₁ Not larger (D ₉ ≦ D ₁ ) Effects by:
[0111]
When designing the pile foundation, the required vertical support force to support the building to be built is set first, so the structure of the rooting part (the bottom expansion part 3 of the pile hole 1) that bears most of the support force and its It is usual that other conditions such as horizontal force are adjusted based on the construction method.
[0112]
In this embodiment, as described above, the excavation work in the construction of the pile foundation is usually 10 to 50 m while first excavating the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1 from the ground and simultaneously kneading the excavated mud into the pile hole wall. The pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 is formed to a certain depth. Next, when the predetermined depth for forming the root solidified portion is reached, the excavation diameter is expanded within a range of several meters to obtain a root solidified portion having a predetermined size and shape, and cement milk having a required solidification strength is obtained by a predetermined method. Filled and constructed, it is constructed so that the support force of the root consolidation part can be expressed efficiently.
[0113]
Therefore, in order to ensure the adhesion quality of the injected cement milk and the piles 32, 30, the excavation diameter of the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1 is the lower pile 32 with the annular ribs 5, 6 embedded in the root consolidation portion. It is a dimension necessary for the excavation mud to be smoothly buried without being fixed to the annular ribs 5 and 6 while the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 is being laid down. The outer diameter of the 32 annular ribs (D ₁ ) + About 30 mm ”.
[0114]
Therefore, for the same purpose, the outer diameter D of the “upper shaft portion 43 (upper pile 30) of the lower pile 32” that can be embedded in the one shaft portion 2 of the pile hole. ₉ Is the outer diameter D of the annular ribs 5 and 6 embedded in the root hardening part ₁ Not larger outer diameter (D ₉ ≦ D ₁ ) It is more efficient to use the excavation diameter of the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 as it is rather than double excavation.
[0115]
For example, when using the “upper shaft portion 43 (upper pile 30)” having a larger diameter, it is necessary to excavate the large-diameter pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 over a depth 10 times or more that of the bottom expanded portion 3. However, the increase in the support diameter is small for increasing the excavation diameter of the shaft portion 2, and it is economically inefficient.
[0116]
Therefore, when the pile hole excavation depth is large and a plurality of ready-made piles 4 are connected to each other, the shaft diameter of the upper pile 30 embedded in the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 and the lower pile 32 positioned at the root consolidation portion Since the shaft diameter of the upper shaft portion 43 is the same as that of the upper shaft portion 43 and is connected to each other, it is advantageous that the shaft diameter of the upper shaft portion 43 of the rooting portion is not larger than the outer diameter D of the annular ribs 5 and 6. .
[0117]
That is, when the ready-made pile 4 is used as a single piece, the upper shaft portion 43 of the pile located in the upper end portion of the root-sealed portion is also located in the one shaft portion of the pile hole and is integrated (FIG. 13 (b)). In the case of a pile, the outer diameter of the upper shaft portion 43 of the lower pile located in the root consolidation portion and the upper pile 30 located in the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 are the same dimension D ₉ (Fig. 13 (a)).
[0118]
(B) Diameter D of the upper shaft portion 43 ₉ The shaft diameter D of the lower shaft portion 33 ₀ Greater effects:
[0119]
The foundation pile 4 having an annular rib in the rooted portion has a high bearing capacity, and the bearing capacity is expressed by the upper and lower of the annular rib in order to utilize the support pressure of the annular rib in addition to the support force of the tip of the conventional pile. The peripheral portion is also covered with a cement milk layer having a predetermined solidification strength, and a strong root-solidified portion is formed by integrating the ready-made anti-resin and cement milk in the pile hole. That is, in order to sufficiently develop the bearing pressure of the annular rib, it is necessary to make the cement milk solidified surface that the annular rib contacts as wide as possible and thicken the layer. ₁ -D ₀ ) As a result, the outer diameter of the annular rib D ₁ In contrast, the shaft diameter D of the lower shaft portion 33 of the lower pile 32 ₀ Is made as small as possible within the allowable range of overall supporting force.
[0120]
In addition, as a means for increasing the horizontal strength of the upper pile 30 (in the case of a single pile, the upper shaft portion 43), increasing the pile outer diameter increases the material strength of the pile or a higher strength pile. It is more economical than seeds, and the choice of both pile material and pile hole diameter is wide and advantageous.
[0121]
Therefore, the diameter D of the upper shaft portion 43 ₉ The diameter D of the lower shaft portion 33 ₀ It is necessary to make it larger than, in order to make full use of the performance of the solidified part. ₉ It is easy and economical to adapt to the required bearing capacity of the building which is required by appropriately selecting the dimensions.
[0122]
(C) The effect which formed the upper axial part 43 of the lower pile 32 directly on the annular rib 6 located in the uppermost part:
[0123]
The foundation pile that exhibits a high bearing capacity that positions the annular rib in the root consolidation part is used to express the bearing capacity using the support pressure of the annular rib in addition to the bearing capacity of the tip of the pile. In addition, it is thickly covered with a cement milk layer having a predetermined solidification strength to form a strong root-solidified portion in which the pile and cement milk are integrated. As a result, in the structure of the foundation pile, the same outer diameter D ₀ It has been confirmed by experiments that a vertical support force about twice as high as that of a cylindrical pile (straight shape) can be obtained.
[0124]
Accordingly, the pile positioned from the upper end of the pile hole rooting portion to the pile hole shaft portion is connected to the lower shaft portion 33 (diameter D of the root consolidation portion. ₀ ), The pile material strength is small compared to the support capacity of the root-solidified portion, and it is difficult to make full use of the ability of the root-solidified portion to develop a high support force. Therefore, in order to make full use of the high vertical bearing strength strength capability of the root consolidation part, the pile material of the upper shaft part 43 (upper pile 30) is of high quality (generally expensive) with higher strength than the pile material of the root consolidation part. Although it is conceivable to use a pile material, it is necessary to connect with a large-diameter pile, so there are many technical problems and the construction is restricted.
[0125]
As this solution, although it can be solved as the lower pile 32 of the structure of FIG. 8D of the third embodiment, this method has to take a large depth of the root-solidified portion, and both the member cost and the construction cost are required. growing. In particular, the construction of the stepped portion of the pile due to the long stepped rooted pile, the handling during transportation, and the quality and reliability of the rooted portion need to be managed inherent in construction.
[0126]
In order to solve this fundamental problem, in the fourth embodiment, the upper shaft portion 43 (large-diameter shaft portion D is directly above the annular rib 6 positioned at the top. ₉ ) Are integrally formed.
[0127]
By using the above structure, it is easy to connect the cylindrical pile to the annular rib 6 within the above-mentioned size range by changing the formwork on the manufacturing equipment, so the shaft of the pile hole matched to the required support force for the building Selection of the part diameter becomes easy.
[0128]
A small-diameter shaft portion 33 (shaft diameter D is formed on the annular rib 6. ₀ ) And the height of the pile can be shortened because there is no step portion, and there is no pile portion with weak stress at all, which facilitates quality control such as manufacturing and construction. A simple and compacted structure pile was obtained.
[0129]
In addition, since the required pulling force is generally smaller than the vertical support force in the foundation pile, the bottom surfaces 5a and 6a of the two annular ribs 5 and 6 are used for the vertical support force, and the single pulling force is used. If the upper surface 5b of the annular rib 5 is used, it is practically possible.
[0130]
Therefore, the upper shaft portion 43 (axis D ₉ ) Is formed directly above the uppermost annular rib 6, the vertical supporting force as the basic resistance can be obtained as a desired supporting force for two annular ribs, and the vertical supporting force at the annular rib 6 is The upper shaft portion 43 (large diameter) is further reinforced to improve the reliability.
[0131]
Further, the pulling force is almost borne by the support pressure of the annular rib 5, and the upper annular rib 6 hardly contributes. Therefore, there is no problem in practical use, and on the contrary, the structure is efficient. That is, the vertical support force and the pull-out force are practically balanced, and it is possible to develop a large horizontal support force and a vertical support force, and a pile foundation structure having a practical high support force that has never been obtained has been obtained.
[0132]
(5) Reinforcement of ready-made pile 32
The ready-made pile 32 is, for example, a lower shaft portion diameter D. ₀ = 600 mm, protrusion diameter D ₁ = 750mm, upper shaft diameter D ₉ = In the case of ready-made pile 4 of 700 mm, the PC steel rod 37 is shaft diameter D ₀ A plurality of (600 mm) wall thicknesses of 90 mm are arranged equally (annularly at equal intervals) so that the outer periphery is wound with a spiral reinforcing bar 38 to form a reinforcing bar cage (FIG. 14 ( c)). At this time, the pitch of the spiral reinforcing bars 38 to be wound is preferably the same pitch over the entire length of the pile.
[0133]
Next, the upper and lower pile end plates are attached to both ends of the reinforcing bar cage. At this time, the shaped steel bars 44, 44 are attached to the pile end plate 45 on the upper shaft portion 43 side, and outside the PC steel bars 37, 37 and between the PC steel bars 37 and the PC steel bars 37. Arranged (FIG. 14A).
[0134]
Moreover, two types of lengths of the deformed steel bars 44, 44 are prepared (for example, 500 mm and 700 mm), and the deformed steel bars 44 having different lengths are arranged alternately (FIG. 14B). The deformed steel bar 44 can also be provided over the entire length of the upper shaft portion 43 (not shown).
[0135]
Thereafter, in the same manner as in the conventional method of manufacturing ready-made piles, the PC steel rods 37, 37 are pulled, prestressed, centrifugally formed, subjected to predetermined curing, and the ready-made piles 32, 4 of the present invention. Is completed (FIG. 14C).
[0136]
Ready-made pile 32 (lower shaft diameter D) ₀ = 600 mm, protrusion diameter D ₁ = 750mm, upper shaft diameter D ₉ = 700 mm) was connected to a cylindrical pile with an outer diameter of 700 mm, and a bending test was performed using two types of specimens having the same outer shape and the presence or absence of the deformed reinforcing bar 44.
[0137]
The ready-made pile provided with the deformed steel bar 44 was able to obtain a strength value about 1.5 times that of the ready-made pile provided with no deformed steel bar 44.
[0138]
From this, it is desirable to use a ready-made pile provided with a deformed steel bar 44, but it may be selected as appropriate in consideration of stress from the ground structure or the like.
[0139]
(6) Other embodiments
In the above, the outer diameter of the upper pile 30 can be appropriately larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 33 of the lower pile 32, the bending moment of the shaft portion (upper pile 30) of the ready-made pile 4 is increased, and the pile hole 1 is expanded. The strength against the horizontal load and vertical load of the pile structure 10 at the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 can be enhanced while maintaining the reinforcement as the pile structure 10 at the portion 3. Moreover, by making the outer diameter of the upper pile 30 larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 33 of the lower pile 32, the outer surface of the ready-made pile 4 (upper pile 30) and the inner surface of the pile hole 1 can be obtained by the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2. Can be reduced, and the usage amount of the pile fixing liquid in the pile hole 1 shaft portion 2 can be reduced. Moreover, if the outer diameter of the upper pile 30 is made larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion of the lower pile 32 and smaller than the outer diameter of the annular ribs 5 and 6 while strengthening the proof strength against horizontal load, vertical load, etc., the pile surface area is reduced. Becomes smaller and the pile can be easily inserted.
[0140]
In the said Example, although the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 was arranged only to the axial part 33 similarly to Example 3, reinforcement of deformed steel bars 39 and 39 etc. also to the bulging connection part 34 of the upper part is carried out. Reinforcing bars can be arranged and reinforced by the ring bars 40, 40 (FIGS. 10A and 10B).
[0141]
Further, the lower pile 32 can be reinforced by arranging the deformed steel bars 41 and 41 obliquely through the hollow portion 36 (so-called “X bar arrangement”) in the gap between the PC steel bars 37 and 37. (FIGS. 11A and 11B).
[0142]
Moreover, like the said Example 3, in the said Example, the upper pile 30 and the lower pile 32 are compressive strength 800-1000 kg / cm. ² In this range, it is desirable to set the strength, but other strengths may be used.
[0143]
Moreover, in the said Example, the lower pile 32 can also form the connection part 42 which bulged similarly to the upper end part also in the lower end part (FIG.13 (d)), and in this case, support force and extraction force are further provided. Can be improved.
[0144]
Moreover, in the said Example, the cyclic | annular rib 7 can also be formed in the intermediate part of the upper axial part 43 (FIG.13 (c)). By providing the annular rib 7 on the upper shaft portion 43, the annular rib 7 is positioned on the shaft portion 2 of the pile hole 1. As a result, the surface area of the pile is increased, and the peripheral surface support force can be increased in the pile hole shaft portion 2. In addition to the support force in the pile hole root consolidation portion 3, the strength of the foundation pile structure as a whole is further increased. Will improve. Further, an annular rib 7 is provided on the upper shaft portion 43, and the outer diameter of the annular rib 7 of the upper shaft portion 43 is set to D. ₁ By making substantially the same, it is possible to prevent so-called eccentricity that the ready-made piles 32, 30 are inclined when the ready-made piles 32, 30 are inserted into the excavated pile holes 1.
[0145]
Moreover, in the said Example, like the said Example 3, the lower pile 32 of the ready-made pile 4 can also be extended in the connection part 34 and can be formed in length L (FIG.13 (b)). The length L is appropriately selected and set in consideration of the load of the upper pile 30 connected to the upper portion and the structure constructed on the upper portion of the pile structure 10. Moreover, if the length L of the connection part 34 is made into the length of the upper pile 30 required, it can also be set as an integrated ready-made pile as a single pile, the upper pile 30 is unnecessary, and a joint work can be omitted in construction. .
[0146]
Moreover, in the said Example, although the upper pile 30 and the lower pile 32 were made into a concrete pile like Example 3, it should be comprised by winding a steel pipe around the outer periphery of a concrete pile, or making it a steel pipe pile of the same structure. (Not shown).
[0147]
【The invention's effect】
A built-up pile with a protrusion at the lower end is buried in the pile hole excavated at the bottom, and a pile structure with a good integration quality of the ready-made pile and soil cement is constructed. Propagates to the supporting ground, and the supporting surface can be formed on the supporting ground with a conical bottom surface at a predetermined angle, so that the entire bottom diameter is supported and the vertical load and the pulling force that one pile should bear are significantly larger than before. (2 times or more).
[0148]
In addition, soil cement is formed up to the hole of the pile and the ready-made piles are laid down, and the soil mud is not formed on the surface of the joints of the ready-made piles. The initial settlement during solidification can be prevented.
[0149]
Further, when the buried ground contains silt or the like and is not good as the supporting ground, the excavated soil and cement milk are replaced, so that the soil cement quality is not affected by the geology and stable strength and quality can be obtained.
[0150]
In addition, a protrusion is provided and the upper shaft diameter is made larger than the lower shaft diameter, and an inclined step portion that gradually increases in diameter toward the upper side is provided to constitute a ready-made pile. Since the prefabricated pile is embedded in the pile hole, the bearing load from the projection and the bearing pressure from the inclined step part can be applied to withstand higher vertical loads. Can do.
[0151]
In addition, by changing the thickness and compressive strength of the ready-made pile with protrusions, considering the balance between the lower pile and upper pile with protrusions, the lower pile and upper pile have substantially the same axial force strength. By setting so that the axial force strength of the entire ready-made pile becomes substantially constant, it is possible to efficiently prevent the pile material from being destroyed when an excessive load is applied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a state where a pile hole is excavated, (b) is a state where a pre-made pile is buried in the pile hole, and a pile is constructed; The figure explaining the supporting force of a pile, (d) is a figure explaining extraction force.
2A is a front view of a ready-made pile according to the present invention, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. .
3A is a front view of a pile structure constructed in an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3B is a front view of a broken state when a load is applied, and FIG. 3C is a fracture when a pulling force is applied. Represents a state.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a broken state when a load is applied in the same pile structure of a comparative example.
5A is a front view of another example of a ready-made pile, FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 5A, and FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. (D) is sectional drawing in the EE line of (a).
FIG. 6 is another example of a ready-made pile, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a bottom view.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic longitudinal sectional views for explaining an embedding method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which FIG. 7A shows a state in which a pile hole is excavated, and FIGS. The state in the middle of being, (d) is the state which built the pile.
FIGS. 8A to 8D are front views of ready-made piles used in Example 3. FIG.
9A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a ready-made pile used in Example 3, and FIG. 9B is a schematic front view illustrating a bar arrangement.
10A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another ready-made pile that is also used in Example 3, and FIG. 10B is a schematic front view illustrating a bar arrangement.
11A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another ready-made pile used in the third embodiment, and FIG. 11B is a schematic front view illustrating the bar arrangement.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic longitudinal sectional views for explaining the embedding method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 12A shows a state in which a pile hole is excavated, and FIGS. The state in the middle of being, (d) is the state which built the pile.
FIGS. 13A to 13D are front views of ready-made piles used in Example 4. FIG.
14A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a ready-made pile used in Example 4, FIG. 14B is a partial front view, and FIG. 14C is a schematic front view for explaining bar arrangement;
15 (a) and 15 (b) are schematic longitudinal sectional views of a conventional foundation pile structure.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Pile hole
2 Shaft hole shaft
3 Bottom of the pile hole
4 Ready-made piles
5, 6, 7, 12 Annular rib (off-the-shelf pile)
8 Shaft (ready-made pile)
8a Bottom of ready-made pile (bottom end)
10 Pile structure
11 Support ground surface (ground bottom)
16 Straight pile (conventional example)
18 Pile structure (conventional example)
21, 22, 23 Protrusion
24 ST pile (conventional example)
26 Pile hole (conventional example)
27 Shaft hole shaft (conventional example)
28 Expanded bottom of pile hole (conventional example)
30 Upper pile
32 Lower pile
33 Shaft of lower pile
34 Lower pile connection
35 Step of lower pile
37 PC steel bar
39 Deformed steel bar
43 Upper shaft of lower pile
44 Deformed steel bar

Claims (3)

A pre-made pile that is embedded in a pile hole with a bottom expanded portion formed at the lower end of the pile hole shaft, and the portion located at the shaft of the pile hole planned to be embedded is a straight pile, and the bottom expanded portion of the pile hole planned to be embedded A portion having a protrusion on the bottom portion of the pile hole , and on the lower shaft portion having the protrusion, the upper shaft portion having a straight pile shape and a larger diameter than the lower shaft portion, A pre-made pile characterized in that it is formed integrally with an inclined step portion, and the inclined step portion is formed at a height located within the expanded bottom portion of the pile hole . It is a ready-made pile that is connected to the upper pile on the bottom pile of the pile hole to be buried and the lower end side of the shaft portion, and the lower pile is located at the bottom of the pile hole to be buried. The upper shaft portion having a straight pile shape and having a diameter larger than that of the lower shaft portion is formed integrally with the lower shaft portion having the protrusion via the inclined step portion, and the inclined step portion is formed in the bottom expanded portion of the pile hole. A pre-made pile characterized in that the upper pile is formed to have the same diameter as the upper shaft portion of the lower pile. 3. The ready-made pile according to claim 2 , wherein the axial force of the lower pile and the axial force of the upper pile are configured to have substantially the same strength.

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