JP4714398B2 - Solid feed and cattle hoof disease prevention method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a chow and a method for preventing cattle hoof disease.
Background Art For dairy farmers, hoof disease in livestock is a disease that is said to have the largest economic loss after mastitis and reproductive disorders. Livestock is subject to severe stress when suffering from hoof disease, and this stress is thought to hinder livestock productivity such as weight gain, milk yield and milk quality, and increase economic losses.
As one method for preventing this hoof disease, a method of feeding biotin is known. Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin containing sulfur that functions as a coenzyme for carboxylase and is involved in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism, and bacterial propionic acid synthesis, and promotes the production of keratin related to hoof strength. have.
In addition to biotin, nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, methionine, cystine, essential fatty acids, phosphorus, and calcium are required for epithelial cell differentiation and keratin production. This is thought to inhibit normal hoof formation. In particular, biotin and zinc are thought to be important elements that are often deficient. By supplying biotin to dairy cows and beef cattle, the incidence of hoof ulcers and hoof erosion is reduced (a type of hoof disease). Hagemeister, 1996), reduction of furrow (Hochsetter et al., 1996), etc. have been reported, and the effect of improving the productivity on milk production (Midla & Hoblet, 1996) and reproductive performance (Bonomi et al., 1996) is also reported. Has been reported.
In addition, it has been reported that the biotin concentration in serum and milk increases linearly by orally administering 5 mg to 20 mg or more of biotin per day to dairy cows (Steinburg et al., 1994). In order to obtain the effect of biotin feeding, it was considered that 5 mg to 20 mg or more of biotin feeding per day was indispensable.
On the other hand, dairy cattle and beef cattle increase the amount of VFA (lower fatty acid) production in the rumen due to heavy feeding of concentrated feed, etc., and further decrease in the number of separations leads to the rumen into the rumen. Replenishment is often reduced, resulting in rumen acidosis. This rumen acidosis is known to be a factor causing hoofitis, a kind of hoof disease (Blowey, 1993), and rumen acidosis inhibits biotin synthesis by bacteria in the rumen. Are also known (DaCosta Gomez et al., 1998).
In addition, saliva of cattle originally consists of a baking soda having a buffer effect, and if it is possible to promote salivation of cattle, it will prevent rumen acidosis. As one technique for effectively secreting saliva, the inventors have confirmed that the amount of saliva increases by licking a mineral block agent or the like.
As mentioned above, it has been known that feeding of vithion and zinc is effective for hoof disease, but feeding 5 mg to 20 mg or more of biotin per day, which is the recommended amount for livestock, Because of the relatively high price, it was an economic burden for the owner.
In addition, rumen acidosis caused by heavy feeding of concentrated feed, etc. reduces the amount of biotin that should originally be produced by microorganisms in the rumen, and is also considered to directly trigger the onset of hoof disease, so rumen acidosis It was considered important to prevent the occurrence of hoof disease.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION As a result of repeated studies on a method for efficiently incorporating biotin into the body, the present inventors formed a solid feed containing biotin and other hoof constituents, and further a rumen pH adjuster, and licked it. Thus, the present inventors completed the present invention by finding that the utilization rate of biotin can be increased, economical biotin can be fed, and at the same time, rumen acidosis can be prevented to effectively prevent hoof disease.
In the present invention, about 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of biotin as biotin, a hoof constituent, a rumen pH adjuster, and a solidifying agent are mixed and solidified to obtain a solid feed.
As biotin used for the above solid feed, powders, granules or liquids such as d-biotin can be used, and about 0.005 to 0.1% by weight can be contained as biotin.
As a hoof component, at least one of the components constituting the hoof can be selected and used as nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, methionine, cystine, essential fatty acid, phosphorus, calcium, About 0.01 to 20% by weight can be contained.
As rumen pH adjuster, various organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate can be used singly or mixed, and the amount of licked food that cattle lick solid feed per head per day The amount in which the pH in the rumen after feeding is maintained at 6.5 or more, for example, about 40 to 60% by weight of sodium bicarbonate can be contained.
As the solidifying agent, sodium chloride can be used, for example, about 80 to 99% by weight of sodium chloride can be contained.
Moreover, salt, magnesium salt, and molasses can be used as a solidifying agent. For example, salt is 30 to 45% by weight, magnesium salt is 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, and molasses is about 0.4 to 2.8% by weight. % Can be contained.
The solidifying agent includes one or more kinds of liquid feed such as molasses or corn steep liquor, one or more kinds of metal oxides, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, organic acids. A mixture with one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of salts can be used, for example 30 to 97% by weight of liquid feed such as one or more molasses or corn steep liquor, One or two or more metal oxides, 2 to 35% by weight, one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, organic acid salts, 1 to 35% % Can be contained. (Reference: Patent No. 1709418)
The solidifying agent is a lumen for adjusting at least one of corn steep liquor and fish solubil, at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and a small amount of water and pH, if necessary, to 3-9. It may consist of a pH adjusting solution and phosphoric acid, for example, mainly composed of at least one of corn steep liquor and fish soluble, and at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride is 0.5 to 20% by weight, If necessary, a small amount of water, a rumen pH adjusting agent for adjusting to pH 3 to 9, and 0.2 to 15.0% by weight of phosphoric acid can be contained. (Reference: Patent No. 2096413)
In order to solidify the solid feed, the following method can be employed.
When using sodium chloride as the solidifying agent, a mixture of sodium chloride, biotin, and other hoof constituents is used as 80 to 98 wt% sodium chloride, 0.005 to 0.1 wt% biotin, hoof constituents About 0.01 to 20% by weight is mixed and squeezed and solidified by a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 550 to 800 t.
When using salt, magnesium salt, and molasses as the solidifying agent, a mixture of salt, magnesium salt, molasses, biotin, and hoof constituents, and a mixture of rumen pH adjuster When used, sodium salt 30-45 wt%, magnesium salt 0.1-1.0 wt%, molasses about 0.4-2.8 wt%, biotin 0.005-0.1 wt%, hoof component About 0.01 to 20% by weight and 10 to 60% by weight of a lumen pH adjuster are mixed, and pressed and solidified by a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 550 to 800 t.
In addition, as a solidifying agent, liquid feed such as one or more kinds of molasses or corn steep liquor, one or more kinds of metal oxides, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, organic acid salts When using a mixture with one or two or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of: 1 to 2 or more kinds of liquid feed such as molasses or corn steep liquor 30 to 97% by weight, 1 type Or 2 to 35% by weight of two or more metal oxides, 1 to 35% by weight of one or more acids or salts selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, organic acids, and organic acid salts The mixture is mixed with biotin 0.005 to 0.1% by weight, hoof component about 0.01 to 20% by weight, rumen pH adjuster 10 to 60% by weight, and solidified by constituting a double salt. .
Also, the solidification agent is adjusted to pH 3-9 by adding at least one of corn steep liquor and fish solubil, at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride and, if necessary, a minimum amount of water. When using liquid and phosphoric acid, the main component is at least one of corn steep liquor and fish soluble, and at least one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride is 0.5 to 20% by weight, if necessary. After adding a small amount of water and adjusting the pH to 3-9 with a rumen pH adjuster, biotin 0.005-0.1 wt%, hoof component about 0.01-20 wt%, rumen pH adjuster 10 After mixing with -60% by weight, 0.2 to 15.0% by weight of phosphoric acid is added to form a double salt to solidify.
As described above, the solid feed containing about 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of biotin, about 0.01 to 20% by weight of hoof constituents, and 30 to 99% by weight of a solidifying agent is If you let the cows lick freely between diets, they can prevent cow's hoof disease.
Also, a solid feed containing biotin, about 0.01 to 20% by weight of hoof constituents, 10 to 60% by weight of a rumen pH adjusting agent, and 30 to 99% by weight of a solidifying agent is fed. If the cow is allowed to lick freely, rumen acidosis can be prevented and cow's hoof disease can be prevented.
Hereinafter, the test result in which the solid feed of the present invention was freely licked by the cow will be described together with a control example in the case where the same component is mixed with the feed.
As a solidifying agent, salt 38% by weight, magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, molasses 1.5% by weight, biotin 0.01% by weight, hoof constituent 0.25% inorganic zinc, organic A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.05% by weight of zinc, 0.1% by weight of methionine, and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate as a rumen pH adjuster, and pressing and solidifying with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t. The prepared solid feed was licked by 126 cows of two dairy farmers for 6 months. As a result, the number of lame cows decreased, the hoof became stiff, and the blood biotin concentration was significantly increased compared with non-fed cows. The amount of licking food at this time was about 35 g, and the daily biotin supply amount was about 3.5 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing biotin (powder, product name “Nail Up”; manufactured by Roche Vitamin Japan Co., Ltd .; vitamin E 10,000 mg, d-biotin 400 mg, organozinc 3,600 mg, methionine 7 per kg , 200 mg) was given to cattle, and in order to increase the concentration of biotin in the blood, the feed additive equivalent to 10 mg or more was converted into the daily intake of biotin (one per day). "Nail-up" 25g or more) was required.
As a solidifying agent, salt 38% by weight, magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, molasses 1.5% by weight, biotin 0.01% by weight, hoof constituent 0.25% inorganic zinc, organic A solid feed was prepared by mixing 0.05% by weight of zinc, 0.1% by weight of methionine, and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate as a rumen pH adjuster, and pressing and solidifying with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t. When the prepared solid feed was licked by 30 cattle for 2 months, the biotin concentration in the blood was increased by approximately 50 pg / ml from 302 pg / ml at the start to 348 pg / ml. The amount of licking food at this time was about 18 g, and the daily biotin supply amount was about 1.8 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing biotin (powder, product name “Nail Up”; manufactured by Roche Vitamin Japan Co., Ltd .; vitamin E 10,000 mg, d-biotin 400 mg, organozinc 3,600 mg, methionine 7 per kg , 200 mg) was given to cattle, and in order to increase the concentration of biotin in the blood, the feed additive equivalent to 10 mg or more was converted into the daily intake of biotin (one per day). "Nail-up" 25g or more) was required.
As is clear from the above test, the method of letting a cow lick a solid feed containing biotin can increase the amount of biotin taken into the bovine body and increase the utilization rate of expensive biotin. Furthermore, saliva secretion is promoted by the licking of solid feed, and the rumen pH adjuster prevents the rumen pH from decreasing, prevents rumen acidosis, and reduces the amount of biotin produced from bacteria in the rumen. By increasing the concentration, it is considered that the blood concentration of biotin was further increased and cow's hoof disease could be effectively prevented.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Salt 98%, biotin 0.01%, inorganic zinc 0.25%, manganese 0.05%, organic zinc 0.1%, methionine 0.2%, vitamin A 20,000 IU and iron 0 .12 wt%, copper 0.015 wt%, selenium 0.0015 wt%, and vitamin E 2,000 IU were mixed and then pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 750 t to prepare a solid mixed feed. The prepared solid feed had physical properties sufficient to feed the cow.
Example 2
37% salt, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 1.2% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.1% organic zinc, 0.2% methionine % And sodium bicarbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed. The prepared solid feed had physical properties sufficient to feed the cow.
Example 3
Molasses 8.0 wt%, corn steep liquor 4.0 wt%, magnesium oxide 0.8 wt%, magnesium chloride 0.4 wt%, biotin 0.005 wt%, inorganic zinc 0.25 wt%, organic zinc 0.05 wt%, methionine 0.1 wt%, vitamin A 2,000 IU, vitamin D500 IU were mixed and solidified by forming a double salt to prepare a solid feed. The prepared solid feed had physical properties that were considered sufficient to feed the cow.
Example 4
After adding 300 parts of corn steep liquor, 25 parts of magnesium chloride and 20 parts of water and adjusting to around pH 6, biotin 0.02% by weight, inorganic zinc 0.25% by weight, organic zinc 0.05% by weight, methionine 0 1% by weight, mixed with 10 parts of 85% phosphoric acid, stirred for about 2 to 3 minutes, poured into a plastic cup and allowed to stand overnight to form a double salt. Made it. The prepared solid mixed feed had physical properties that were considered to be sufficient for a cow to lick.
Example 5
38% salt, 1.0% magnesium carbonate, 1.5% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.05% organic zinc, 0.1% methionine % And sodium bicarbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed.
When the prepared solid feed was licked for 57 months in 57 cattle, compared to the previous year when other solid salts containing no biotin were used, the number of cattle affected by hoof disease for all domestic cattle treated by veterinarians The ratio was reduced by about 5% from about 8% to about 3% (Fig. 1), and the percentage of milk fat was increased by about 0.5% from about 3.8% to about 4.2% (Fig. 2). ). This was considered to be due to the presence or absence of hoof constituents such as biotin and inorganic zinc, organic zinc, and methionine and sodium bicarbonate as a rumen pH adjuster in the solid feed. The amount of licking food at this time was about 26 g per day on average. When calculated from the amount of licked food, the daily biotin supply amount was about 2.6 mg.
Example 6
38% salt, 1.0% magnesium carbonate, 1.5% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.05% organic zinc, 0.1% methionine % And sodium bicarbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed.
When the prepared solid feed was licked for 51 months by 51 cattle, the solid feed containing salt 97% by weight, trace mineral, vitamin E2000IU and salt 40% by weight, magnesium carbonate 1.0% by weight, molasses 1.5% Comparison was made with 69 control groups that had been fed a solid feed consisting of 50% by weight and 50% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. As a result, the score of the gait state at 2, 4, and 6 months after the start of salary (score evaluated by 5 levels of gait state; normal 1, slight lameness 2, mild lameness 3, moderate lameness 4. Severe lameness 5) was prevented from worsening (FIG. 3), the milk yield was improved by about 20% (FIG. 4), and the milk fat percentage was increased. This was considered to be due to the fact that hoof constituents such as biotin and inorganic zinc, organic zinc, and methionine were blended in the solid feed. The amount of licking food at this time was about 34 g per animal per day on average. When calculated from the amount of licked food, the daily biotin supply amount was about 3.4 mg.
Example 7
38% salt, 1.0% magnesium carbonate, 1.5% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.05% organic zinc, 0.1% methionine % And sodium bicarbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed.
When the prepared solid feed was licked by 697 cattle from 7 farmers for about 6 months, compared to 488 non-paid controls, it improved the hoof disease and related diseases, increased milk yield, and postpartum accidents The rate was decreased and the milk fat rate was increased. The amount of licking food at this time was about 34 g per animal per day on average. When calculated from the amount of licked food, the daily biotin supply amount was about 3.4 mg.
Example 8
38% salt, 1.0% magnesium carbonate, 1.5% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.05% organic zinc, 0.1% methionine % And sodium bicarbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed.
The prepared solid feed was licked by 126 cows of two dairy farmers for 3 months. As a result, the number of cows lame was reduced, the hooves became stiff, and the blood biotin concentration was significantly increased (FIG. 5). The amount of licking food at this time was about 35 g per head per day on average. When calculated from the amount of licked food, the daily biotin supply amount was about 3.5 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing biotin (powder, product name “Nail Up”; manufactured by Roche Vitamin Japan Co., Ltd .; vitamin E 10,000 mg, d-biotin 400 mg, organozinc 3,600 mg, methionine 7 per kg , 200 mg) was given to cattle, and in order to increase the concentration of biotin in the blood, the feed additive equivalent to 10 mg or more was converted into the daily intake of biotin (one per day). "Nail-up" 25g or more) was required.
Example 9
38% salt, 1.0% magnesium carbonate, 1.5% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.05% organic zinc, 0.1% methionine % And sodium bicarbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed and solidified with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to produce a solid feed.
When the prepared solid feed was licked to 30 cows for 2 months, the biotin concentration in the blood was increased from 302 pg / ml at the start to 348 pg / ml by about 50 pg / ml (FIG. 6). The amount of licked food at this time was about 18 g per head on average, and the daily biotin supply amount was calculated to be about 1.8 mg. In addition, commercially available feed additives containing biotin (powder, product name “Nail Up”; manufactured by Roche Vitamin Japan Co., Ltd .; vitamin E 10,000 mg, d-biotin 400 mg, organozinc 3,600 mg, methionine 7 per kg , 200 mg) was given to cattle, and in order to increase the concentration of biotin in the blood, the feed additive equivalent to 10 mg or more was converted into the daily intake of biotin (one per day). "Nail-up" 25g or more) was required.
Example 10
38% salt, 1.0% magnesium carbonate, 1.5% molasses, 0.01% biotin, 0.25% inorganic zinc, 0.05% organic zinc, 0.1% methionine % And sodium hydrogen carbonate 50% by weight were mixed and pressed with a hydraulic press with a press pressure of 650 t to solidify the solid feed. The cattle fed the solid feed was compared with the cattle fed the same amount of sodium bicarbonate powder and the non-feeding cattle after the intake of feed. In contrast, the minimum value of the rumen pH was 6.5, whereas the minimum value of the rumen pH of the cattle fed with the same amount of sodium bicarbonate powder and the non-feeding cattle was 6. It decreased to 3. This was considered to be due to the effect of feeding the solidified rumen pH adjuster to the lick diet (FIG. 7).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY When the cattle freely eat the biotin-containing solid feed of the present invention, biotin and hoof constituents are easily taken into the body, and the biotin utilization rate is increased and secreted by licking. The addition of saliva and rumen pH adjuster can prevent rumen acidosis and can be effectively used to prevent cattle hoof disease.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a state in which the proportion of cows affected by hoof disease when the solid feed prepared in Example 5 was licked by a cow decreased compared to the same period of the previous year, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing a state in which the milk fat ratio is increased when a cow is licked with the solid feed prepared in FIG. 5, and FIG. 3 is a step when the cow is licked with the solid feed prepared in Example 6. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the improvement in milk yield when a cow is licked with the solid feed prepared in Example 6, and FIG. 5 is Example 8 FIG. 6 is a graph showing a state in which the blood biotin concentration was significantly increased when the cow was licked with the solid feed prepared in FIG. 6, and FIG. 6 licked the solid feed prepared in Example 9 into the cow. Fig. 7 is a graph showing an increase in blood biotin concentration in the 2nd month of salary. Thus is a graph showing the effect of adjusting rumen pH due be salary.

Claims (6)

0 to the biotin and biotin. A solid feed comprising 005 to 0.1% by weight, a hoof constituent, a rumen pH adjuster, and a solidifying agent. 2. The solid feed according to claim 1, wherein the hoof constituent is at least one of vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, methionine, cystine, essential fatty acid, phosphorus and calcium. The solid feed according to claim 1 , wherein the solidifying agent is sodium chloride, and is solidified by applying pressure together with the solidifying agent. The solid feed according to claim 1 , wherein the solidifying agent is salt, magnesium salt and molasses, and is solidified by applying pressure together with the solidifying agent. The solid feed according to claim 1 , wherein the rumen pH adjuster is sodium hydrogen carbonate. 0 to the biotin and biotin. Preventing hoof disease in cattle by allowing cattle to freely lick a solid feed containing 005 to 0.1% by weight, hoof component, rumen pH adjuster, and solidifying agent A method for preventing cow's hoof disease.

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