JP4680498B2 - 蒸発した液体を発生するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
蒸発した液体を発生するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
- A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/02—Inhalators with activated or ionised fluids, e.g. electrohydrodynamic [EHD] or electrostatic devices; Ozone-inhalators with radioactive tagged particles
- A61M15/025—Bubble jet droplet ejection devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/201—Controlled valves
- A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/002—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour incorporating means for heating or cooling, e.g. the material to be sprayed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/006—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by applying mechanical pressure to the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/007—Syringe-type or piston-type sprayers or atomisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
- A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
- A61M16/0093—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours by adsorption, absorption or filtration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/105—Filters
- A61M16/106—Filters in a path
- A61M16/1065—Filters in a path in the expiratory path
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3317—Electromagnetic, inductive or dielectric measuring means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2209/00—Ancillary equipment
- A61M2209/02—Equipment for testing the apparatus
Description
本発明は、液体材料を蒸発させることによって、様々なアプリケーションに対する蒸発した液体の治験使用(investigational use)を容易にするためのプログラマブルな装置を提供する。
エアゾールは、多種多様なアプリケーションで有用である。例えば、患者の肺に吸入される液体及び/又は固体(例えば、粉、薬物等)の、細かく分割された粒子のエアゾールスプレーを用いて呼吸器疾患を治療したり、或いは、これらを用いて薬物を供給したりすることが望ましい。エアゾールはまた、所望の香りを部屋に提供したり、皮膚の上に香りを付けたり、塗料や潤滑剤を供給したりする等の目的に使用される。エアゾールはまた、高性能エンジンやタービン用の燃料供給システムも対象として考慮される。これらの高性能エンジンやタービンでは、小さな粒子サイズが点火速度、燃焼効率及び火炎速度に影響を及ぼす。燃焼領域でのエアゾールの発生は、最初はエアゾール形成の原因となるが、点火後は燃焼で経験した温度によって蒸気だけを発生することに成り得る。
V(電圧)=I(電流)・R(抵抗) (1)
Power=V・I=V2/R (2)
一例を挙げると、約3.12オームの平均内部抵抗を持つ、0.001〜0.020インチの内径/0.018〜0.030インチの外径の304ステンレス鋼チューブ(この例では、抵抗が全ての温度に対して一定であると仮定する)及び2.5ボルトの直流を供給する電圧源に対して、流路223へのエネルギ伝達率は以下のように表される。
Power=(2.5V)2/ (3.12ohm)=19.5 joules/sec (3)
したがって、チューブ内に発生した熱は、V(流路にかかる電圧降下)及びチューブの平均抵抗Rの関数である。
ρ(ohm-cm)=4.474x10-5+l.0x10-7T−3.091x10-llT2 (4) である。ここで、Tは、ケルビン温度である。0。669オームの低温の抵抗(室温の24℃)で、28ゲージ、44mmの長い毛細管を備えるヒータの平均温度のプロットが、その抵抗を関数として、図5に示される。図5に示す値は、ヒータの平均温度を表す。すなわち、ヒータの長さに沿った実際の温度は、銅線からの熱損失及び流体の蒸発等の諸要因によって変動しうる。そして、流路323の端部331及び開放端部325に最も近いヒータの温度は、ヒータの中央よりも低くなる傾向があるだろう。
Energy = (Input1・Input2・0.100・Energy Coef) +Energy (5)
Resistance = (Inputl/(Input2・100))・Resist Coef (6)
これらの方程式はオームの法則に基づく。入力1は、多機能測定(multifunction measurement)であり、ヒータにかかる電圧降下を測定する制御ユニットであり、入力2は、分流器にかかる電圧降下を測定する入力端子である。分流器は、0.010オームの抵抗を持つことができる。したがって、ジュールで示されるエネルギは:
Energy = Power x Time =Vheater・I・t. (7)
である。ここでVheaterはヒータ(入力1)にかかる電圧降下であり、Iはシステムを通る電流であり、tはヒータに適用される継続時間(例えば、1ミリ秒)である。システムを通る電流は、分流器にかかる電圧降下とその既知の抵抗から以下のように計算することができる:
I = Vshunt/Rshunt (8)
Energy = Input1・(Input2/0.001 (ohm))・0.001 (sec) = Input1・Input2・0.100.(9)
ここで、Vshuntは分流器にかかる電圧降下(Input 1)であり、Rshuntは分流器(0.010オーム)の抵抗値である。
Resistance = Vheater/I=(Vheater/(Vshunt/Rshunt))= Input1/(Input2・100) (10)
次に、抵抗値は、較正係数RCFによって修正される。
例えば、ヒータ機構は、導管や管材料等の複数の流体の流路に接続されうる。エアゾール化された出力は、バルブ操作によって異なる通路を通して実施されうる。バルブ制御によって、所定時間間隔で、エアゾール化された出力は異なる出口に向けられることができる。例えば、ヒータが不適合な条件(例えば、非定常状態の条件)にあるときは、蒸気/エーロゾルは、第1の流路を通るように向けられる。そして、ヒータが適合な条件(例えば、定常状態の条件)にヒータがあるときは、バルブ機構は、蒸気/エーロゾルを第2の流路を通るように向ける。本発明の実施の形態は、一定で反復可能な分量がボランティアの人間に投与されることが望まれる臨床実験に使用することができる。
Claims (9)
- 蒸発した材料をプログラム可能に発生する装置であって、
第1の開放端部を有する少なくとも1つの流路と、
前記流路に液体材料を供給するように動作可能な液体供給部と、
前記蒸発した材料が前記流路の前記開放端部から外に広がるように、前記流路内の液体の材料を蒸発させるのに十分な温度まで前記流路を加熱するように構成され、前記流路を規定する金属チューブの一部分を有する少なくとも1つの抵抗ヒータを含む少なくとも1つのヒータ機構と、
前記ヒータの動作を制御し、前記液体供給部の動作を制御するように動作可能なコントローラと、
抵抗、電流、電圧及び電力から選択された前記ヒータのパラメータをモニターし、かつ、前記コントローラにヒータ性能データを供給するように動作可能なモニタリング機構であって、所望の温度範囲に前記ヒータ機構を維持するために、前記ヒータ機構にパワーを供給するか、又は、前記ヒータ機構へのパワーを遮断するように、該データが前記コントローラによって用いられるモニタリング機構と、
前記装置に関連したパラメータを格納するように動作可能なメモリと、を備え、
前記モニタリング機構は、前記ヒータ機構へのパワーの供給を制御するスイッチングデバイスを含み、
前記モニタリング機構は、前記抵抗ヒータの温度に依存する抵抗を示すデータを出力し、前記コントローラは、前記モニタリング機構から受信した前記データに基づいて前記抵抗ヒータのモニタされた抵抗を計算し、前記コントローラは、少なくとも前記モニタされた抵抗が目標抵抗以下に下がる場合に、前記抵抗ヒータにパワーのパルスを供給するように前記スイッチングデバイスを操作することを特徴とする装置。 - 前記流路は、毛細管サイズの通路を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つのヒータ機構は、複数の抵抗ヒータを備えるか、又は、
前記液体供給部は、所定の期間の間、前記液体を供給するように動作可能なバルブ機構を含み、前記所定の期間の間は、前記コントローラへの命令コマンドの入力によって決定される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記コントローラは、前記液体供給部によって供給される前記液体材料を加熱する前記ヒータ機構を動作させる前に、前記バルブ機構を動作させることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記装置の設定を表示するディスプレイを更に備えるか、又は、
前記流路に供給される液体材料の量をモニターする計測デバイスを更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記ヒータ機構は、2ミクロン以下のマスメジアン粒径を有するエアゾールを形成するヒータ機構を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記エアゾールは、0.2〜2ミクロンのマスメジアン粒径を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の装置。
- 固体粒子が前記液体材料の溶液中を浮遊し、前記固体粒子は、前記エアゾールが前記液体材料及び前記固体粒子の凝縮粒子を含むように、前記蒸発した材料が広がるときに前記流路の前記開放端部から強制的に外に出されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記流路は、ステンレス鋼チューブの内径によって規定され、前記ヒータ機構は、前記チューブ上に軸方向に間隔が開けられた位置に取り付けられた一対の導線を備え、直流電源が前記一対の導線に電気的に接続され、スイッチング機構が前記電源から前記チューブへの直流電流の流れを遮断するように動作可能であり、前記コントローラは、液体材料が前記チューブに供給されるときに前記チューブにパルス状のパワーの供給を行うように前記スイッチング機構に動作可能に接続されているか、
前記流路は、セラミックラミネイト内の通路によって規定され、前記ヒータ機構は、前記流路に沿って配置された抵抗ヒータを備え、直流電源が一対の導線を介して前記ヒータに電気的に接続され、スイッチング機構が前記電源から前記ヒータへの直流電流の流れを遮断するように動作可能であり、前記コントローラは、液体材料が前記ヒータに供給されるときに前記ヒータにパワーの供給を行うように前記スイッチング機構に動作可能に接続されているか、又は、
前記少なくとも1つの流路は、複数の流路を有し、前記少なくとも1つのヒータ機構は、複数のヒータ機構を備え、前記流路の各々は、前記ヒータ機構のうちの1つと結合され、前記ヒータ機構は、前記コントローラによって選択的に動作可能であり、前記流路の各々は、同じ又は異なる液体材料が供給され、前記流路の出口は、多岐管に向けられている、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
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US30860801P | 2001-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | |
PCT/US2002/023994 WO2003012565A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2002-07-29 | Method and apparatus for generating a volatilized liquid |
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JP2008177400A Division JP4960313B2 (ja) | 2001-07-31 | 2008-07-07 | 蒸発した液体を発生するための装置 |
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JP4680498B2 true JP4680498B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
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JP2008177400A Expired - Fee Related JP4960313B2 (ja) | 2001-07-31 | 2008-07-07 | 蒸発した液体を発生するための装置 |
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US (2) | US6766220B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1412829B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4680498B2 (ja) |
AR (1) | AR035084A1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1412829T3 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2473591T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1176315A1 (ja) |
PT (2) | PT2495004E (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI239251B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003012565A1 (ja) |
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USD990765S1 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2023-06-27 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Aerosol generator |
JP1714440S (ja) | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-10 | 喫煙用エアロゾル発生器 | |
JP1715888S (ja) | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-25 | 喫煙用エアロゾル発生器 | |
JP1714443S (ja) | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-10 | 喫煙用エアロゾル発生器 | |
USD989384S1 (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2023-06-13 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Aerosol generator |
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2002
- 2002-07-29 US US10/206,320 patent/US6766220B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-29 ES ES02759199.9T patent/ES2473591T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-29 PT PT121659049T patent/PT2495004E/pt unknown
- 2002-07-29 EP EP02759199.9A patent/EP1412829B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-29 WO PCT/US2002/023994 patent/WO2003012565A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-29 JP JP2003517685A patent/JP4680498B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-29 DK DK02759199.9T patent/DK1412829T3/da active
- 2002-07-29 ES ES12165904.9T patent/ES2474600T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-29 TW TW091116876A patent/TWI239251B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-29 PT PT2759199T patent/PT1412829E/pt unknown
- 2002-07-29 EP EP12165904.9A patent/EP2495004B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-01 AR ARP020102915A patent/AR035084A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-06-21 US US10/871,536 patent/US7400940B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2008-07-07 JP JP2008177400A patent/JP4960313B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US6766220B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 |
ES2474600T3 (es) | 2014-07-09 |
WO2003012565A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
AR035084A1 (es) | 2004-04-14 |
TWI239251B (en) | 2005-09-11 |
DK1412829T3 (da) | 2014-05-12 |
EP2495004B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
JP2009022752A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
ES2473591T3 (es) | 2014-07-07 |
EP1412829B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
HK1176315A1 (en) | 2013-07-26 |
JP4960313B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
EP1412829A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
WO2003012565A9 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
EP2495004A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
WO2003012565A8 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
PT1412829E (pt) | 2014-07-10 |
PT2495004E (pt) | 2014-07-24 |
US20050143866A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
EP1412829A4 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
US7400940B2 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
US20030033055A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
JP2005525131A (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
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