JP4671058B2 - 生物学的粒子を収集する方法、チップ、装置、及びシステム - Google Patents
生物学的粒子を収集する方法、チップ、装置、及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/24—Methods of sampling, or inoculating or spreading a sample; Methods of physically isolating an intact microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
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Description
以下の例は、本発明の広範の適用可能性を例示するものであり、その範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。本発明の精神及び範囲を逸脱することなしに、変更及び変形を実施可能である。尚、本発明の試験を実施する際には、本明細書に記述されているものに類似した又は等価な任意の方法及び材料を使用可能であるが、好適な方法及び材料について説明することとする。
実験装置内のチップ上に胞子を捕獲するのに使用される電圧生成器(以下を参照されたい)を制御するGPIBソフトウェアは、具体的には、デンマークのNorresundbyに所在するRTX Telecom A/S社によって開発されたものである。TSI社(米国ミネソタ州Shoreviewに所在するTSI Inc.)の3321型粒子サイズ分析器をTSI社のソフトウェアであるAerosol Instrument Managerによって制御した。Fenix LaserをWinmark Proのバージョン4.0.0ビルド3773(米国ワシントン州Mukilteoに所在するSynrad software社)を使用して制御した。
PMMA(Poly−Methyl−meth−Acrylate)プレート(デンマークのRoskildeに所在するRIAS A/SのRiacryl)は、透明であり(90%を上回る透過率)、優れたUV安定性、低い吸水性、及び高い磨耗抵抗力を具備している。PMMAを利用し、レーザー除去によって微小構造を製造した(Johnson他(2001))。この材料は、ポリ(エチレン−テレフタレート−グリコール)、ポリ(ビニルクロライド)、及びポリ(カーボネート)などのその他の材料と比べて、除去プロセスに対して化学的な不活性を有している(Pugmire他(2002))。更には、この材料は、ラブオンチップシステムとして特徴付けられる複雑で統合された微小流体システムを構築するのに適していることが証明されている(Johnson他(2001))。この材料は、電界に露出した際に、ほとんどジュール加熱を示さず、DNA分離に利用可能である(Chen及びChen(2000)、Sung他(2001))。
(材料)
エアロゾル試験において使用した粉状のバシラス胞子(Biobit WP、湿潤可能パウダ)は、Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. Kurstakiを含んでいた(米国イリノイ州のNorth Chicagoに所在するAbbott Laboratories)。希釈シリーズの平板培養検定に基づいて、パウダの胞子濃度を3.2x109胞子/g(即ち、コロニー形成単位:CPF)に、そして、密度を0.86g/cm3(=860kg/m3)に決定した。
TSI Inc.社(TSI Inc., 500 Cardigan Road, Shoreview, MN 55126−3996, USA)の3321型粒子サイズ分析器をTSI社のソフトウェアであるAerosol Instrument Managerによって制御した。
1mmの電極距離を具備する静電沈降装置により、胞子捕獲実験の組を実行した。流れは、10分のサンプリング期間にわたって2l/minと記録され、合計粒子濃度は、26mg/m3と推定された(幾何学平均が1.53±1.96μmであり、これは、合計3304290個の粒子を表している)。
図9に示されているように、捕獲効率は、電極電圧の上昇に伴って上昇している。
(標準化された生物学的粒子の準備)
約109胞子/gを含む100mgのBiobit Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki(米国のLivertyvilleに所在するValent BioSciences Corp)を、脱塩された1mlの水中に再懸濁させ、90秒にわたって12000rpmにおいて遠心分離する。浮遊物を破棄する。この手順を4回にわたって反復する。最後の再懸濁の前に、1ミリリットル当たりのコロニー形成単位(CFU)の数を判定するべく、サンプルを回収する。チューブは、水気を取るために、乾燥するまで、例えば、真空内に残しておく。
洗浄され乾燥したBacillus thuringiensis胞子を適切なエアロゾルチャンバ内においてエアロゾル化することにより、結果的に1リットル当たり約104〜105胞子の胞子濃度を得る。捕獲効率の判定対象であるチップ/サンプリングチャンバを装置に接続し、これにより、機能的に関連付ける。次いで、チップ/サンプリングチャンバをエアロゾルチャンバに接続し、エアロゾルをチップのサンプルチャンバを通じて約50mL/分の空気の流れによって吸引する。例えば、TSI Inc.社(TSI Inc., 500 Cardigan Road, Shoreview, MN 55126−3996, USA)の3321型分析器などの粒子カウンタをチップの排出口に接続し、チップから排出されるサイズが1〜10μmの範囲内の胞子の数をカウントする。
〔Mainelis他(2002a)〕
Mainelis G、Gorny RL、Reponen T、Trunov M、Grinshpun SA、Baron P、Yadav J、Willeke Kによる「Effect of electrical charges and fields on injury and viability of airborne bacteria」(2002年、Biotechnol Bioeng.、79;229−41)
〔Mainelis他(2002b)〕
Mainelis G、Adhikari A、Willeke K、Lee SA、Reponen T、及びGrinshpun SAによる「Collection of Airborne Microorganisms by a New Electrostatic Precipitator」(2002年、Journal of Aerosol Science、33:1417−143)
〔Iversen及びTolo〕
Invesen DB、Tolo Kによる「Electrostatic air filters for dental practice」(1975年、Nor Tannlaegeforen Tid.、85:446−8)
〔Johnson他〕
Johnson RD、Badr IH、Barrett G、Lai S、Lu Y、Madou MJ、Bachas LGによる「Development of a fully integrated analysis system for ions based on ion−selective optodes and centrifugal microfluidics」(2001年、Anal chem.,73:3940−6)
〔Pugmire他(2002)〕
Pugmire DL、Waddell EA、Haasch R、Tarlov MJ、Locascio LEによる「Surface characterization of laser−ablated polymers used for microfluidics」(2002年、Anal Chem.、74:871−8)
〔Chen及びChen〕
Chen YH、Chen SHによる「Analysis of DNA fragments by microchip electrophoresis fabricated on poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates using a wire−imprinting method」(2000年、Electrophoresis、21:165−70)
〔Sung他〕
Sung WC、Lee GB、Tzeng CC、Chen SHによる「Plastic microchip electrophoresis for genetic screening; the analysis of polymerase chain reactions products of fragile X (CGG)n alleles」(2001年、Electrophoresis、22:1188−93)
〔O’Brien他〕
O’Brien D、Baron P、Willeke Kによる「Size and concentration measurement of an industrial aerosol」(1986年、Am Ind Hyg Assoc J.、47:386−92)
Claims (12)
- 空気中から生物学的粒子を収集し、且つ、検出する方法において、
(1)サンプルチャンバと第1及び第2電極を提供する段階であって、前記第1及び第2電極と前記サンプルチャンバは、前記サンプルチャンバの少なくとも一部が前記第1及び第2電極間に位置し、且つ、前記第1及び第2電極が、最大で3mmの距離だけ離隔するように配置され、前記サンプルチャンバは最大で500μLの体積を有する、段階と、
(2)前記サンプルチャンバ内に気体サンプルを提供する段階と、
(3)第1電位を前記第1電極に、且つ、第2電位を前記第2電極に印加し、この結果、前記第1及び第2電極間に電位差と電界を生成することにより、前記サンプルチャンバ内における前記気体サンプル内の生物学的粒子の静電収集を支援する段階と、
(4)前記サンプルチャンバ内において収集された前記生物学的粒子を第1の液体試薬と接触させる段階と、
(5)前記収集された生物学的粒子に更なる分析を適用する段階と、
を有する方法。 - 前記第1電極の前記第1電位及び前記第2電極の前記第2電位と、従って、前記第1及び前記第2電極間の前記電界は、1〜10マイクロメートルの範囲内の有効長を具備する生物学的粒子の場合に少なくとも50%の捕獲効率をもたらすように選択されている請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2電極は、実質的に、シート、プレート、ディスク、ワイヤ、ロッド、ポイント、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択された形態を具備している請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記第1及び第2電極は、最大で0.5mmの距離だけ離隔している請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記サンプルチャンバ内の前記気体サンプルの少なくとも一部は、前記第1及び第2電極間に位置し、又は、これらの間を流れる請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記生物学的粒子は、微生物、ウイルス、植物胞子、及びこれらの断片から構成された群から選択されたコンポーネントを有する請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 微生物は、細菌胞子である請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記細菌胞子は、バシラス属及び/又はクロストリジウム属から選択された細菌によって形成されている請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記細菌胞子は、炭素菌によって形成された胞子である請求項8記載の方法。
- 生物学的粒子を収集するためのサンプルチャンバを有するチップにおいて、
周囲の空気と流体接続状態にある第1開口部と、装置との流体接続状態を形成するための第2開口部と、を有し、且つ、気体サンプルを有し、最大で500μLの体積を有するサンプルチャンバと、
前記サンプルチャンバの対向する面上に配置された第1及び第2電極であって、最大で3mmの距離だけ離隔している第1及び第2電極と、
前記第1又は前記第2電極に付着した生物学的粒子と、
を有するチップ。 - 前記電界の強度は、50〜2000V/mmの範囲内である請求項10記載のチップ。
- 生物学的粒子を収集するシステムにおいて、前記システムは、1つの装置と機能的に関連した請求項10又は11に記載のチップを備え、前記装置は、
前記装置と機能的に関連付けられるように前記チップが配置されるチップサイトと、
前記サンプルチャンバの電極間に電界を印加するための前記装置と前記チップ間の電気的インターフェイスと、
前記チップの前記サンプルチャンバ内に気体サンプルを提供し、且つ、前記チップが前記装置内に挿入された場合前記サンプルチャンバの前記第2の開口と流体接続状態となる、流れ生成手段と、
前記サンプルチャンバを通じた気体の流れ及び/又は前記チャンバから前記サンプルチャンバへの液体の流れを制御する手段と、
第1の液体試薬を受領及び保持する第1の試薬チャンバであって、前記チップが前記装置と機能的に関連付けられた際に前記サンプルチャンバと流体接続状態となる少なくとも1個の開口を具備している第1の試薬チャンバと、
前記流れ生成手段に電力を供給するための電源と、及び
前記装置が以下のグループから選択された1個以上の段階を遂行するソフトウエアを備えるプログラムユニットと、を備え、
前記グループは、
・第1及び第2電極間に電界を印加し、前記サンプルチャンバ内における前記気体サンプル内の生物学的粒子の静電捕獲を支援する段階と、
・前記サンプルチャンバ内の収集された生物学的粒子を第1液体試薬と接触させる段階と、
・前記収集された生物学的粒子の更なる分析を実行する段階と、から成る、システム。
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IL177695A0 (en) | 2006-12-31 |
WO2005083391A9 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
EP1730519A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
DE602005022290D1 (de) | 2010-08-26 |
JP2007524097A (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2005083391A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
DK1730519T3 (da) | 2010-11-01 |
ATE474223T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
US7932024B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
ES2348951T3 (es) | 2010-12-17 |
EP1730519B1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
US20080190219A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
CA2564612A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
CN1934443A (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
CN1934443B (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
EP1730519B8 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
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