JP4651703B2 - 新規表面抗原 - Google Patents
新規表面抗原 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4651703B2 JP4651703B2 JP2008276960A JP2008276960A JP4651703B2 JP 4651703 B2 JP4651703 B2 JP 4651703B2 JP 2008276960 A JP2008276960 A JP 2008276960A JP 2008276960 A JP2008276960 A JP 2008276960A JP 4651703 B2 JP4651703 B2 JP 4651703B2
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Description
本発明は、例えば髄膜炎菌から得られる新規ポリペプチド;このようなポリペプチドをコード化するヌクレオチド配列;診断用薬剤、治療用ワクチン及び予防用ワクチン;並びに薬剤の設計及びスクリーニング或いはそのいずれかの目的で、当該ポリペプチド及びヌクレオチドを使用する方法に関するものである。
髄膜炎菌はグラム陰性菌であり、これが髄膜炎菌性髄膜炎及び敗血症を引き起こす原因となっている。この菌に関して、すでに知られている唯一の宿主はヒトであり、集団の約10%がこの菌を無症候状態で保菌している可能性がある(Caugant,D.ら、1994,Journal of Clinical Microbiology,32:323−30)。
本発明者は、髄膜炎菌の試験対象菌株全ての中に存在し、予想分子量約62kDaを有する新規ポリペプチドをコード化するような新しい遺伝子を発見した。その配列特性及び相同性から、このポリペプチドはアドヘシンであると予想された。さらに実験データも考慮に入れると、このポリペプチドは、髄膜炎菌に対する治療及び予防ワクチンの製造に有用な、後述する表面タンパク質を構成していることが示唆される。
(b)SEQ ID番号5に従うポリペプチド
(c)SEQ ID番号7に従うポリペプチド
(d)SEQ ID番号9に従うポリペプチド
(e)SEQ ID番号11に従うポリペプチド
(f)SEQ ID番号13に従うポリペプチド
(g)SEQ ID番号15に従うポリペプチド
(h)SEQ ID番号17に従うポリペプチド
(i)SEQ ID番号19に従うポリペプチド
(j)SEQ ID番号21に従うポリペプチド
(ii)当該ポリペプチド
(iii)当該フラグメント
(iv)当該突然変異体
(v)当該誘導体
(2)SEQ ID番号3のヌクレオチド配列
(3)SEQ ID番号4のヌクレオチド配列
(4)SEQ ID番号6のヌクレオチド配列
(5)SEQ ID番号8のヌクレオチド配列
(6)SEQ ID番号10のヌクレオチド配列
(7)SEQ ID番号12のヌクレオチド配列
(8)SEQ ID番号14のヌクレオチド配列
(9)SEQ ID番号16のヌクレオチド配列
(10)SEQ ID番号18のヌクレオチド配列
(11)SEQ ID番号20のヌクレオチド配列
(12)SEQ ID番号1、3、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18及び20の中のいずれか一つのヌクレオチド配列フラグメント
(13)上記いずれかのヌクレオチド配列相同体
(ii)第1の側面で述べたポリペプチド
(iii)第1の側面で述べたフラグメント
(iv)第1の側面で述べた突然変異体
(v)第1の側面で述べた誘導体
(B)当該組み替えポリペプチドを単離する。
(2)第1の側面で述べたポリペプチド
(3)第1の側面で述べたフラグメント
(4)第1の側面で述べた突然変異体
(5)第1の側面で述べた誘導体
(B)上記抗体又はフラグメントを、当該生物学的サンプルに混合する。
(C)髄膜炎菌の存在を示す混合物中において、特定の結合を有する抗体又はフラグメントを検出する。
(I)当該生物学的サンプルを患者から単離する。
(II)髄膜炎菌の存在を示すサンプル中において、上記第2の側面に基づく核酸配列を検出する。
(2)当該ポリペプチド、フラグメント、突然変異体又は誘導体と、当該サンプル中の髄膜炎菌固有抗体の間で形成された錯体の有無を調べる。ここに、当該錯体が存在すれば、当該感染が発生していることが示される。
(a)当該ポリペプチド、突然変異体又は誘導体のフラグメントを発生させる。
(b)当該フラグメントを哺乳動物に投与する。
(c)当該哺乳動物の体内において、特定様式で結合した髄膜炎菌並びに当該ポリペプチド、突然変異体又は誘導体に結合する要素が生成するなどの免疫反応の全て又は一部、或いは髄膜炎菌の感染に対する保護効果を検出する。
本明細書及びこれに付属する請求範囲を通じて、その文脈が他の要求を行うことが無い限り、「構成する」という言葉は、そこに述べられている単独完全体又は完全体グループを包含することを意味している。しかし、これにより、その他の単独完全体又は完全体グループを排除するものではない。
本発明は、SEQ ID番号2、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19及び21に基づく単離ポリペプチド、又はこれら各々のフラグメントを提供するものである。その優先態様においては、本発明のポリペプチドはフラグメント、突然変異体及び誘導体は、髄膜炎菌、当該ポリペプチド、当該フラグメント、当該突然変異体及び当該誘導体で構成されるグループから選ばれた、いずれか1種類のメンバーに対して免疫学的活性を示すものである。
(a)SEQ ID番号2、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19及び21に基づくポリペプチドの一つをコード化するようなヌクレオチド配列又はそのフラグメント、或いはこれらの変異体又は誘導体を含む組み替え核酸を調製する。ここに、当該ヌクレオチド配列は、転写及び翻訳調節核酸に結合させることもできる。
(b)適切な宿主細胞に、当該組み替え核酸をトランスフェクト又は形質変換する。
(c)当該宿主細胞を培養して、当該組み替え核酸から組み替えポリペプチドを発現させる。
(d)当該組み替えポリペプチドを単離する。
本発明は、さらに、上記で定義したポリペプチド、フラグメント、変異体又は誘導体をコード化するヌクレオチド配列を提供するものである。
(i)適切な宿主から核酸を抽出する。
(ii)任意に縮退し、各々が本発明の野性型ヌクレオチド配列部分で構成されるプライマーを調製する。
(iii)当該プライマーを使用し、核酸増幅手法で、当該核酸抽出物から採取した1種又は2種以上の増幅用生成物を増幅する。
(i)A及びT;並びに
(ii)C及びG。
RNAにおける相補的塩基は次の通りである:
(i)A及びU;並びに
(ii)C及びG。
RNA−DNAハイブリッドにおける相補的塩基は次の通りである:
(i)A及びU;
(ii)A及びT;並びに
(iii)G及びC。
本発明においては、前述したポリペプチド、フラグメント、変異体及び誘導体に対する抗体も対象となる。
ある患者の体内に髄膜炎菌が存在するかどうかは、当該患者から生物学的サンプルを採取し、当該生物学的サンプルに前述の抗体又は抗体フラグメントを混合し、当該混合物の中で固有結合を形成した抗体又は抗体フラグメントを検出することにより決定することができる。即ち、当該抗体又は抗体フラグメントが存在すれば、サンプル中に髄膜炎菌が存在したことになる。
i.標識を抗体又は抗体フラグメントに直接付着させる方法。
ii.標識を抗体又は抗体フラグメントに間接的に付着させる方法:即ち、標識を先ず他の測定試薬に付着させ、次にこの試薬を抗体又は抗体フラグメントに付着させる方法。
iii.抗体又は抗体フラグメントの反応生成物を標識化する方法。
本発明のさらなる特徴は、本発明のポリペプチド、フラグメント、変異体又は誘導体を、患者を髄膜炎菌による感染に対して保護する目的で、医薬品組成物の活性成分(「免疫成分」)として使用する方法に関するものである。
本発明は、生物学的サンプル中における髄膜炎菌検出に使用するようなキットを提供するものでもある。これらのキットは、使用する試験法の性格に従い、1種類又は2種類以上の上記特定試薬を含んでいる。この観点から、当該キットは、本発明に基づく1種類又は2種類以上のポリペプチド、フラグメント、変異体、誘導体、抗体、抗体フラグメント又は核酸を含むことができる。また当該キットはオプションとして、標識、正及び負の比較対照、洗浄液、希釈用緩衝液などの検出に適した試薬を含むこともできる。例えば、核酸を主体とする検出用キットでは、使用する核酸増幅手法により、(i)本発明による核酸(正の比較対照として使用できる)、(ii)本発明によるオリゴヌクレオチドプライマー、及びオプションとしてDNAポリメラーゼ、DNAリガーゼなどを含むことができる。
本発明は、また、本発明に基づくポリペプチド、変異体又は誘導体の免疫反応性フラグメントを同定する方法にも拡張される。この方法は、本質的にポリペプチド、変異体又は誘導体のフラグメントを発生させるステップ;当該フラグメントを哺乳類に投与するステップ;及び哺乳類の体内で発生した免疫反応を検出するステップで構成される。当該反応には、特に髄膜炎菌の結合要素及び当該ポリペプチド、変異体又は誘導体の一部或いは全部の生成、並びに髄膜炎菌感染に対する保護効果もしくはこれら生成又は保護効果のいずれかが含まれる。
SEQ ID番号2、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19及び21に基づくポリペプチドは、アドヘシンの性質を有するものと信じられている。
(分子のクローニングおよびサブクローニングならびにhiaNm変異体の構築)
hiaNm遺伝子は当初、標準的な方法を用いたPCR増幅によって単離された。
(ヌクレオチド配列分析)
ヌクレオチド配列分析は、製造元の説明書(パーキン・エルマー社)に提案されているように、モデル373a自動シークエンサー(アプライド・バイオシステムズ社)と共に、アンプリタックDNAポリメラーゼFSを備えたプリズムダイ・ターミネーター・シークエンシングキットまたはビッグダイ・ターミネーター・シークエンシングキットを用いて実施した。それぞれの株について、図1に示すように、および配列番号:1のヌクレオチド230〜247位および2114〜2097位に対応する、プライマーHiaNm5’A2:5’−CCAAACCCCGATTTAACC−3’(配列番号:26)およびHiaNm3’A:5’−AATCGCCACCCTTCCCTTC−3’(配列番号:27)を用いて、異なる3つの独立したPCR反応においてhiaNmを増幅し、得られた産物を精製してプールした。これを両方の鎖を直接シークエンシングするための鋳型として用いた。データはGCGプログラム(デベロウ(Deveraux)ら、(1984)、Nucleic Acids Research 12,387〜395)およびAssemblyLIGN(オックスフォード・モレキュラー社)を用いて分析した。配列を完成させるために必要に応じて、幾つかのオリゴヌクレオチドを作製した。10株のhiaNmの配列を配列番号:1、3、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、および20に示し、それらの遺伝子の導出アミノ酸配列を配列番号:2、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19および21に示す。
(サザンブロット分析)
サザンブロット分析は標準的な技法を用いて実施した(サムブルック(Sambrook)ら、上記、アウスユベール(Ausubel)ら、上記)。簡単に説明すると、ゲノムDNAをいくつかの血清群の髄膜炎菌(N.meningitidis)70株から調製して、制限酵素消化して、アガロースゲル上で電気泳動によって分離した後に、ナイロンメンブレンに毛細管によって移した。これらのメンブレンを標識したプローブとハイブリダイズした。用いたプローブは配列番号:1のヌクレオチド276〜2054位に対応し、株MC58のhiaNmの完全なオープンリーディングフレームを含む。これを、製造元の説明書(ベーリンガー・マンハイム社)に従ってDIG(ジゴキシゲニン)で標識した。ストリンジェントな洗浄を行った(2×SSC/0.1%SDS中で22℃で5分の洗浄を2回行った後、68℃、0.2×SSC/0.1%SDS中で30分の洗浄を2回行った)。ハイブリダイゼーションは、製造元が推奨するように、ニトロブルー・テトラゾリウム/ブロモクロリル・インドリル・フォスフェート(NBT/BCIP)を用いて、比色定量によって検出した。調べた全ての株にシグナルを検出した(例えば、図2)。プロトタイプ株MC58のほかに、以下の株を調べた:
A髄膜炎菌に関する世界保健機構基準研究共同研究センター、オスロ、ノルウェー
B髄膜炎菌基準研究所公衆衛生研究サービス、マンチェスター、イギリス
Cブリスベーン病院、現在はM.P.ジェニングス(M.P.Jennings)の株コレクション、クイーンズランド大学、微生物学、ブリスベーン、オーストラリア。
(MBP−HiaNmの発現および部分精製)
マルトース結合タンパク質とHiaNmとの融合(MBP−HiaNm)を含むタンパク質を発現させるプラスミドベクターを構築した。プラスミドpHiaMBPは、プライマーHianm−MBPA5’−GGTCGCGGATCCATGAACAAAATATACCGCAT−3’(配列番号:24)およびHiaNm−MBPB 5’−TCACCCAAGCTTAAGCCCTTACCACTGATAAC−3’(配列番号:25)を用いて、HiaNmをMC58から増幅することによって作製した。これらのプライマーは、クローニングを容易にするために髄膜炎菌(N.meningitidis)株MC58のHiaNmの開始および停止コドンならびに遺伝子操作された制限部位を含む。プラスミド制限マップおよびオリゴヌクレオチドの位置を図1に示す。得られたPCR産物をBamHI/HindIII制限酵素消化プラスミドpMALC2(ニューイングランド・バイオラブス)にライゲーションし、得られたプラスミドpHiaMBP(図1参照)を大腸菌株DH5αに再度導入した。pHiaMBPを含むこの大腸菌株を、製造元(ニューイングランド・バイオラブス)の推奨条件でHiaNm−MBP融合タンパク質を発現するように誘導した。pHiAMBPを含む培養からの細胞抽出物を10%SDS−PAGEによって分離して、製造元の説明書に従って融合タンパク質をミニゲル・エレクトロエリューター(バイオラド社)を用いた溶出によって部分精製した。ウサギ抗MBP血清を用いたウェスタンブロットによって、HiaNm−MBP融合タンパク質を含む分画を検出した(ニューイングランド・バイオラブス)。HiaNm−MBP融合タンパク質の純度は、SDS−PAGEの後にクーマシー染色を行って決定し、回収されたタンパク質の量をBCAアッセイ(シグマ社)または波長280nmでの吸光度によって推定した。
(ポリクローナル血清の作製)
実施例4において得られた部分精製したHiaNm−MBP融合タンパク質を用いて、ウサギにおいてポリクローナル血清を作製した。溶出したHiaNmMBP融合タンパク質の試料を滅菌燐酸緩衝生理食塩液、pH7.4(PBS)(シグマ社)に対して透析した。次にこれをアジュバント(MPL+TDM+CWS、シグマ社)と共に混合して、50〜150μg/mlの濃度でニュージーランドホワイトウサギ2羽に2週間間隔で接種した。血液をこれらのウサギから採取した。室温で1時間凝固させた後血清を抽出して、4℃で一晩インキュベートした後、4℃で4000×rpmで遠心した。上清を回収して、再度遠心した。血清をアリコットにして−80℃で保存した。得られた血清を殺細菌アッセイおよびウェスタンブロットに用いた(下記参照)。
(殺細菌アッセイ)
抗HiaMBP抗血清がHiaNmに特異的な殺細菌抗体を含むか否かを調べるために、野生型MC58およびMC58△HiaNmに関して殺細菌アッセイを行った。このアッセイは、ホーゲルホウト(Hoogerhout)(1995、Infection and Immunity,63:3473〜3478)らが記述した方法を改変して実施した。簡単に説明すると、MC58およびMC58△HiaNmをBHIプレート上で37℃で5%CO2で一晩増殖させた。この一晩培養から得た細菌を同じ条件で4〜6時間サブ培養した後、PBS1mLに浮遊させた。0.2N NaOH/1%SDS中での試料の溶解、およびA260=1=109cfu/mLである、波長260nmでの吸光度によって細菌数を推定した。細菌浮遊液をPBS中で約105cfu/mlに調節した。調べるウサギ血清を56℃で45分熱不活化した。
反復DNAは、幾つかの病原性細菌においてビルレンス決定因子に関連している。そのような反復DNAモチーフを用いたサザンブロットにより、髄膜炎菌(N.meningitidis)株MC58にはこのモチーフを含む少なくとも3つの座が存在することが判明した(ピーク(Peak,I.)ら、FEMS Microbiology Letters,137:109〜114)。これらの遺伝子をクローニングして、座に関連するこれらの反復配列の2つの配列分析(nmrep2およびnmrep3)を行ったところ、アミノ酸約670個のオープンリーディングフレームが存在することは判明した(ジェニングス(Jennings)ら、1995、Microbial Pathogenesis,19:391〜407;ピーク(Peak,I.)ら、Microbial Pathogenesis,印刷中)。これらは、互いに相同性を示し、大腸菌のアドヘシンAIDA−1のカルボキシ末端と相同性を示した。AIDA−1は長さがアミノ酸1286個である。カルボキシ末端の領域は推定の外膜輸送ドメインとなり、成熟タンパク質のアミノ末端ドメインはアドヘシンドメインとなる。アミノ末端ドメインは推定の輸送ドメインを通じて膜を通過し、パッセンジャードメインと呼ばれる。
Claims (17)
- (a) 配列番号:2に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(b) 配列番号:5に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(c) 配列番号:7に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(d) 配列番号:9に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(e) 配列番号:11に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(f) 配列番号:13に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(g) 配列番号:15に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(h) 配列番号:17に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(i) 配列番号:19に記載のアミノ酸配列;
(j) 配列番号:21に記載のアミノ酸配列;及び
(k) (a)〜(j)のいずれかと少なくとも85%同一であるアミノ酸配列
からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、単離ポリペプチドのフラグメントであって、該フラグメントは該ポリペプチドの少なくとも20アミノ酸を含み、かつ、哺乳類において髄膜炎菌に対して免疫反応を誘発することができ、該免疫反応が殺菌抗体の産生を含む、該フラグメント。 - 一又は複数のフラグメントが抗原決定基又はエピトープを含む、請求項1に記載の一又は複数のフラグメントを含む単離タンパク質。
- 請求項1に記載のフラグメント又は請求項2に記載の単離タンパク質をコードする単離核酸。
- 単離核酸が操作可能な状態で転写及び翻訳調節核酸に結合している、請求項3に記載の単離核酸を含む発現ベクター。
- 融合パートナーをコードするヌクレオチド配列を更に含む、請求項4に記載の発現ベクター。
- 請求項4又は請求項5に記載の発現ベクターによってトランスフェクト又は形質転換された宿主細胞。
- バクテリアである請求項6に記載の宿主細胞。
- 髄膜炎菌である請求項7に記載の宿主細胞。
- (A)宿主細胞中で組換え型ポリペプチドを発現させるように請求項6〜8のいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞を培養する段階、及び
(B)該組換え型ポリペプチドを単離する段階を含む、
組換え型ポリペプチドを生成する方法。 - 請求項1に記載のフラグメントに結合する抗体又は抗原結合抗体フラグメント。
- 抗体又は抗原結合抗体フラグメントが髄膜炎菌に結合する、請求項10に記載の抗体又は抗原結合抗体フラグメント。
- ヒトにおける髄膜炎菌感染症の検出薬又は診断薬の製造のための、請求項1に記載のフラグメント又は請求項2に記載の単離タンパク質の使用。
- ヒトにおける髄膜炎菌感染症の検出薬又は診断薬の製造のための、請求項3に記載の単離核酸又は請求項4に記載の発現ベクターの使用。
- ヒトにおける髄膜炎菌感染症の検出薬又は診断薬の製造のための、請求項10又は請求項11に記載の抗体又は抗原結合抗体フラグメントの使用。
- ヒトにおける髄膜炎菌感染症の予防又は治療のための、薬学的に有効な量の請求項1に記載のフラグメント又は請求項2に記載の単離タンパク質、及び薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤又は賦形剤を含む、薬学的組成物。
- ヒトにおける髄膜炎菌感染症の予防又は治療のための、薬学的に有効な量の請求項4又は5に記載の発現ベクター、及び薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤又は賦形剤を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 免疫反応が、髄膜炎菌に特異的に結合するエレメント及び/又はポリペプチド、変種、もしくは誘導体の生成、及び/又は髄膜炎菌感染症に対する保護作用を含む、哺乳類においてフラグメントが免疫反応を誘発するかどうかを測定するための検出薬の製造のための、請求項1に記載のフラグメントの使用。
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