JP4651285B2 - Folic acid-enriched eggs, poultry feed used for the production thereof, and method for producing the folic acid-enriched eggs - Google Patents
Folic acid-enriched eggs, poultry feed used for the production thereof, and method for producing the folic acid-enriched eggs Download PDFInfo
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- JP4651285B2 JP4651285B2 JP2004035218A JP2004035218A JP4651285B2 JP 4651285 B2 JP4651285 B2 JP 4651285B2 JP 2004035218 A JP2004035218 A JP 2004035218A JP 2004035218 A JP2004035218 A JP 2004035218A JP 4651285 B2 JP4651285 B2 JP 4651285B2
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Description
本発明は、葉酸を高濃度で含む葉酸強化卵、該葉酸強化卵の製造に用いられる家禽用飼料及び該家禽用飼料を用いた葉酸強化卵の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a folic acid-enriched egg containing folic acid at a high concentration, a poultry feed used for producing the folic acid-enriched egg, and a method for producing a folic acid-enriched egg using the poultry feed.
ビタミンB群の一種である葉酸は、アミノ酸やタンパク質の生合成に関わる補酵素の構成成分で、赤血球や核酸の合成などに関与しており、生体にとって必要不可欠な栄養素である。葉酸が欠乏すると、悪性貧血、神経障害、腸機能不全等を起こすことが知られており、葉酸を摂取することにより、胎児の脳や脊椎の形成に関わる神経管の先天異常である神経管閉鎖障害の発症が抑えられるため、特に妊婦は積極的に摂取する必要がある。実際に1992年、米国疾病管理予防センター(CDC)は、一日400μgの葉酸を摂取すれば、胎児の神経管閉鎖障害を70%予防することができるという勧告を出している。 Folic acid, a kind of vitamin B group, is a component of a coenzyme involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and proteins, is involved in the synthesis of red blood cells and nucleic acids, and is an essential nutrient for the living body. Deficiency of folic acid is known to cause pernicious anemia, neuropathy, intestinal dysfunction, etc. By ingesting folic acid, neural tube closure, a congenital abnormality of the neural tube involved in the formation of the fetus's brain and spine In particular, pregnant women need to take it actively to prevent the onset of disability. In fact, in 1992, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a recommendation that ingesting 400 μg folic acid a day could prevent fetal neural tube closure disorder by 70%.
また、ビタミンDは腸管からのカルシウムやリンの吸収を促進し、骨の再構築を調節することによりカルシウムの恒常性の維持に働き、ビタミンDの摂取不足によって、乳幼児や小児ではくる病、成人では骨軟化症を引き起こすことが知られている。 Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract and helps to maintain calcium homeostasis by regulating bone remodeling. Lack of vitamin D intake causes rickets and adults in infants and children. It is known to cause osteomalacia.
一方、卵は、食生活において重要なタンパク源であり、栄養学的に完全に近い食品であるため日常の食事において古来より親しまれてきただけでなく、凝固性、起泡性、乳化性、粘着性など多くの加工特性を備えていることから調理性が高く、食品産業で広く活用されている食材である。 Eggs, on the other hand, are an important protein source in the diet, and are not only nutritionally complete but have been popular in the daily diet since ancient times, as well as coagulation, foaming, emulsifying, Because it has many processing characteristics such as stickiness, it is highly cookable and is widely used in the food industry.
従来より、卵の高付加価値化のため、卵に含まれる栄養素を通常より高濃度に含む卵や、通常の卵には含まれない栄養素を強化した卵の開発が行われている。例えば、下記特許文献1には、卵の可食部100g当たり、0.5mg以上のクリプトキサンチンを含有することを特徴とする機能性卵が開示されている。 Conventionally, in order to increase the added value of eggs, eggs that contain nutrients contained in eggs at a higher concentration than usual and eggs that are enriched with nutrients that are not contained in ordinary eggs have been developed. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses a functional egg characterized by containing 0.5 mg or more of cryptoxanthin per 100 g of edible portion of the egg.
また、下記特許文献2には、ドナリエラ藻体乾燥粉末に、米糠、米糠油、ビタミンD3、ビタミンEの有効成分量を混合造粒し、ペレット状もしくは粒状にしたことを特徴とする鶏用飼料添加物が開示されており、該添加物を市販の鶏用配合飼料に添加して使用することにより、採卵鶏の卵の品質の向上を図ることができる旨記載されている。 Patent Document 2 listed below is for chickens characterized by mixing and granulating the active ingredients of rice bran, rice bran oil, vitamin D 3 , and vitamin E into Donariella alga body dry powder into pellets or granules. A feed additive is disclosed, and it is described that the quality of eggs of egg-collecting chickens can be improved by adding the additive to commercially available mixed feed for chickens.
また、下記特許文献3には、ビタミンD類とビタミンK類が同時に強化されたことを特徴とするビタミン類強化鶏卵が開示されている。 Patent Document 3 below discloses a vitamin-enriched chicken egg characterized in that vitamin Ds and vitamin Ks are simultaneously enhanced.
また、下記特許文献4には、主成分である穀類と、カルシウム源と、カルシウム不溶化防止剤と、ビタミンDを含むビタミン類と、を有することを特徴とする養鶏用飼料が開示されており、該飼料を給餌することにより、鶏卵中におけるカルシウムとビタミンDを共に強化することができる旨記載されている。 Moreover, the following patent document 4 discloses a feed for poultry farming characterized by having cereals as a main component, a calcium source, a calcium insolubilizing inhibitor, and vitamins containing vitamin D, It is described that both calcium and vitamin D in chicken eggs can be strengthened by feeding the feed.
また、下記特許文献5には、ビタミンD2を卵黄100g当り300IU以上含有し、かつビタミンEを50mg以上含有するビタミン高濃度含有卵が開示されている。 Further, the following Patent Document 5, a vitamin D 2 contains more per egg yolk 100 g 300 IU, and vitamin-enriched eggs containing vitamin E or 50mg disclosed.
また、下記特許文献6には、鳥類の雌に亜麻仁を摂取させ、エイコサペンタエン酸もしくはドコサヘキサエン酸または両者を含む卵を産卵させることからなる食用鳥類卵の生産方法が開示されている。
上記のように、葉酸は生体にとって必要不可欠な栄養素であるが、熱に弱く、水溶性であるため、調理過程を経ることによって減少してしまい、本来食材に含まれている葉酸を100%摂取することは不可能であり、現代人は、推奨される量の葉酸を摂取できていないと言われている。また、葉酸の基本骨格はプテロイルモノグルタミン酸であるが、食物中に含まれる天然型の葉酸はプテロイル基の5位にメチル基やホルミル基が結合し、更にグルタミン酸が2〜9個結合した複雑な化合物として存在している。しかし、天然型の葉酸がヒトの体内で吸収されるためには、モノグルタミン酸の化合物にまで分解されることが必要であるため、食物中の葉酸を十分に利用できないと言われている。 As mentioned above, folic acid is an essential nutrient for living organisms, but because it is heat-sensitive and water-soluble, it decreases through the cooking process, and 100% of folic acid originally contained in food is consumed. It is impossible to do so, and modern people are said to be unable to take the recommended amount of folic acid. The basic skeleton of folic acid is pteroyl monoglutamic acid, but natural folic acid contained in food has a complex structure in which a methyl group or formyl group is bonded to the 5-position of the pteroyl group, and 2-9 glutamic acids are further bonded. It exists as a new compound. However, in order for natural folic acid to be absorbed in the human body, it is necessary to be decomposed into a monoglutamic acid compound, so that it is said that folic acid in food cannot be fully utilized.
そのため、常用が簡便な葉酸のサプリメントも市販されているが、過度の摂取による副作用の恐れがあり、食品から自然に、かつ安全に葉酸を補給できることが望まれている。 Therefore, folic acid supplements that are easy to use regularly are also commercially available, but there is a risk of side effects due to excessive intake, and it is desired that folic acid can be replenished naturally and safely from foods.
しかしながら、通常の市販卵では、可食部100g当りの葉酸量が43μg(5訂食品成分表より)、すなわち卵1個当たりに換算すると約20μgであり、成人のビタミン摂取基準量(第六次改定栄養所要量)では葉酸は200μgであることから、現状の卵は葉酸の補給源としてあまり期待できる食品ではない。 However, in the case of normal commercial eggs, the amount of folic acid per 100 g of edible portion is 43 μg (from the 5th Food Composition Table), that is, about 20 μg when converted to one egg. In the revised nutritional requirement), folic acid is 200 μg, so the current egg is not a food that can be expected much as a folic acid supplement.
また、上記のように様々な栄養素を強化した卵の開発が進められているのも関わらず、葉酸の含有量を高めた卵は未だ開発されていない。 Moreover, despite the development of eggs enriched with various nutrients as described above, eggs with an increased folic acid content have not yet been developed.
一方、ビタミンDは通常の食生活をしていれば不足することはないとされてきたが、2003年日本骨粗鬆症学会において、健康な中高年女性500人を対象として行われた調査で、調査対象の女性の55%がビタミンD不足状態にあるとみなされることが報告されており、高齢化社会を迎えるにあたり、栄養所要量や摂取方法などを見直していくべき事態になっている。 Vitamin D, on the other hand, has not been deficient as long as it has a normal diet. However, in the 2003 Japan Osteoporosis Society, a study conducted on 500 healthy middle-aged women, It has been reported that 55% of women are considered to be deficient in vitamin D, and it is now necessary to review nutritional requirements and intake methods in order to enter an aging society.
したがって、本発明の目的は、葉酸やビタミンDの補給源として有効に利用できる程度にまで葉酸含量やビタミンD含量を増加させた葉酸強化卵を提供することにある。更には、該葉酸強化卵を製造するための家禽用飼料及び該葉酸強化卵の製造方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a folic acid-enriched egg having an increased folic acid content and vitamin D content to such an extent that it can be effectively used as a supplemental source of folic acid and vitamin D. Furthermore, it is providing the poultry feed for manufacturing this folic acid-enriched egg, and the manufacturing method of this folic acid-enriched egg.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明者らは鋭意研究した結果、飼料に配合する葉酸を油脂でコーティング加工することにより、葉酸を高濃度で含有する卵を得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have intensively studied, and as a result, found that eggs containing folic acid at a high concentration can be obtained by coating folic acid mixed with feed with fats and oils, and completed the present invention. It came to do.
すなわち、本発明の一つは、卵1個当たり、葉酸を60μg以上含むことを特徴とする葉酸強化卵である。 That is, one of the present invention is a folic acid-enriched egg characterized by containing 60 μg or more of folic acid per egg.
本発明の葉酸強化卵においては、卵1個当たり、葉酸を60μg以上含み、かつビタミンDを80IU以上含むことが好ましい。 The folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention preferably contains 60 μg or more of folic acid and 80 IU or more of vitamin D per egg.
本発明の葉酸強化卵は葉酸を高濃度で含有するので、現代人に不足しがちな栄養素である葉酸を日常の食事で無理なく、安全に、かつ継続的に摂取することができる。また、卵中に含まれる葉酸は、そのほぼ100%がモノグルタミン酸の形で含有されているので、体内で消化、吸収されやすく、バイオアベイラビリティが高い。更に、ビタミンDを高濃度で含有することにより、水溶性ビタミンB群の一種である葉酸と脂溶性ビタミンであるビタミンDという性質の異なる2つのビタミンを同時に摂取できる。 Since the folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention contains folic acid at a high concentration, folic acid, which is a nutrient that is apt to be deficient in modern people, can be taken safely and continuously in a daily diet. Moreover, since almost 100% of folic acid contained in eggs is contained in the form of monoglutamic acid, it is easily digested and absorbed in the body and has high bioavailability. Furthermore, by containing vitamin D at a high concentration, two vitamins having different properties such as folic acid, which is a kind of water-soluble vitamin B group, and vitamin D, which is a fat-soluble vitamin, can be ingested simultaneously.
また、本発明のもう一つは、前記葉酸強化卵を製造するための家禽用飼料であって、油脂でコーティングされた葉酸を含有することを特徴とする家禽用飼料である。 Another aspect of the present invention is a poultry feed for producing the folic acid-enriched egg, which contains folic acid coated with fats and oils.
本発明の家禽用飼料は、油脂でコーティングされた葉酸を含有することにより、葉酸が効率よく卵中に移行して蓄積され、葉酸を高濃度で含有する卵を容易に得ることができる家禽用飼料を提供できる。その理由は明確には分からないが、葉酸が油脂でコーティングされることで胃内での消化の影響をあまり受けることがなく、効率よく吸収されるためであると考えられる。 The poultry feed of the present invention contains folic acid coated with fats and oils, so that folic acid is efficiently transferred and accumulated in the egg, and an egg containing folic acid at a high concentration can be easily obtained. Feed can be provided. Although the reason is not clearly understood, it is considered that folic acid is coated with oils and fats, so that it is less affected by digestion in the stomach and is efficiently absorbed.
本発明の家禽用飼料においては、前記油脂にビタミンDを含むことが好ましい。この態様によれば、葉酸及びビタミンDを高濃度で含有する卵を容易に得ることができる家禽用飼料を提供できる。 In the poultry feed of the present invention, it is preferable that vitamin D is contained in the fat. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a poultry feed that can easily obtain eggs containing folic acid and vitamin D at high concentrations.
また、飼料1kg当り、葉酸を5〜150mg含むことが好ましい。この態様によれば、家禽の摂餌効率や産卵率を低下させることなく、葉酸を高濃度で含有する卵を得ることができる家禽用飼料を提供できる。 Moreover, it is preferable to contain 5-150 mg of folic acid per 1 kg of feed. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a poultry feed that can obtain an egg containing folic acid at a high concentration without reducing the feeding efficiency and the egg-laying rate of the poultry.
更に、飼料1kg当り、ビタミンDを5000IU以上含むことが好ましい。この態様によれば、家禽の摂餌効率や産卵率を低下させることなく、葉酸及びビタミンDを高濃度で含有する卵を得ることができる家禽用飼料を提供できる。 Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 5000 IU or more of vitamin D per 1 kg of feed. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a poultry feed that can obtain eggs containing folic acid and vitamin D at high concentrations without lowering the feeding efficiency and egg-laying rate of poultry.
また、本発明のもう一つは、前記葉酸強化卵を製造する方法であって、前記家禽用飼料を家禽に給餌し、採卵することを特徴とする葉酸強化卵の製造方法である。 Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing the folic acid-enriched egg, wherein the poultry feed is fed to the poultry and the eggs are collected.
本発明の葉酸強化卵の製造方法によれば、葉酸、更にはビタミンDを高濃度で含有する栄養価の高い卵を効率よく得ることができる。 According to the method for producing a folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention, a highly nutritious egg containing folic acid and further vitamin D at a high concentration can be obtained efficiently.
本発明によれば、油脂でコーティングした葉酸を飼料に配合することによって、より葉酸含有量の高い卵を生産することができ、本来の卵の特性を失うことなく、卵1個あたりの葉酸含有量を高めることができる。また、コーティングに用いる油脂にビタミンDを加えることにより、葉酸とビタミンDの両方の含有量を高めることができ、より機能性の高い卵を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, an egg with higher folic acid content can be produced by blending folic acid coated with fats and oils into the feed, and folic acid content per egg can be produced without losing the original egg characteristics. The amount can be increased. Moreover, by adding vitamin D to the fats and oils used for coating, the content of both folic acid and vitamin D can be increased, and eggs with higher functionality can be obtained.
本発明の家禽用飼料のベースとなる飼料の原料は、一般に家禽用飼料に用いられているものであれば特に制限されることなく用いることができ、家禽の種類や日令等を考慮して適宜使用することができる。具体的には、穀類(例えば、とうもろこし、マイロ、大麦、小麦等)、ふすま、米糠、植物性油粕類(例えば、大豆油粕、綿実油粕等)、動物性飼料(例えば、魚粉、ミートミール、チキンミール、骨肉粉等)、動物性油脂(例えば、ラード、牛脂等)、ビタミン類、ミネラル類(例えば、食塩、無水ケイ酸、炭酸カルシウム、第3リン酸カルシウム等)、アミノ酸、カキガラ粉末、糖類、飼料用酵母、緑茶抽出物、シナモン等が挙げられる。また、上記の各種原料を配合した市販の家禽用飼料を用いることもできる。 The raw material of the feed used as the base of the poultry feed of the present invention can be used without particular limitation as long as it is generally used for poultry feed, and in consideration of the type of poultry and the age. It can be used as appropriate. Specifically, cereals (for example, corn, milo, barley, wheat, etc.), bran, rice bran, vegetable oils (for example, soybean oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, etc.), animal feed (for example, fish meal, meat meal, chicken) Meal, bone meat powder, etc.), animal fats and oils (eg lard, beef tallow etc.), vitamins, minerals (eg salt, anhydrous silicic acid, calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate etc.), amino acids, oyster powder, sugar, feed Yeast, green tea extract, cinnamon and the like. Moreover, the commercial poultry feed which mix | blended said various raw materials can also be used.
家禽用飼料に配合する葉酸は、通常入手しうるものであれば特に制限はなく用いることができるが、粉末状のものを用いることが好ましい。本発明の家禽用飼料における葉酸の配合量は、該飼料1kg当り、5〜150mgが好ましく、15〜50mgがより好ましい。葉酸の配合量が上記範囲よりも多くても、それに比例して卵中の葉酸量が増加するわけではなく、逆に減少する傾向にあり、経済的でない。 The folic acid to be blended in the poultry feed can be used without particular limitation as long as it is usually available, but it is preferable to use a powdered one. The blending amount of folic acid in the poultry feed of the present invention is preferably 5 to 150 mg per 1 kg of feed and more preferably 15 to 50 mg. Even if the amount of folic acid is greater than the above range, the amount of folic acid in the egg does not increase proportionally, but tends to decrease, which is not economical.
本発明においては、葉酸に加えてビタミン類を配合することが好ましい。ビタミン類としては、ビタミンD、ビタミンB12、ビタミンK、ビタミンC、ビタミンE等が例示できるが、中でもビタミンDが好ましく用いられる。なお、ビタミンDと他のビタミンとを併用することもできる。 In the present invention, vitamins are preferably added in addition to folic acid. Examples of vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. Among them, vitamin D is preferably used. Vitamin D and other vitamins can be used in combination.
ビタミンDも同様に、通常入手しうるものであれば特に制限はなく用いることができるが、オイル状のものを用いることが好ましい。なお、ビタミンDは上記のベースとなる飼料にそのまま添加してもよいが、葉酸のコーテイングに用いる油脂に配合して用いることが好ましい。ビタミンDを葉酸のコーテイングに用いる油脂に配合して用いることにより、脂溶性と水溶性のビタミンを同時に飼料に配合できる粉体を効率よく得ることができる。本発明の家禽用飼料におけるビタミンDの配合量は、該飼料1kg当り、5000IU以上が好ましく、8000〜10000IUがより好ましい。ビタミンDの配合量が上記範囲よりも多いと、卵1個に含まれるビタミンD量が成人一日の所要量を超える可能性があるため、ビタミンDの摂取が過剰になる恐れがある。 Similarly, vitamin D can be used without particular limitation as long as it is usually available, but it is preferable to use an oily one. In addition, although vitamin D may be added as it is to the above-described feed, it is preferable to use it by blending it with fats and oils used for folic acid coating. By blending and using vitamin D in fats and oils used for folic acid coating, it is possible to efficiently obtain a powder capable of blending fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in the feed at the same time. The blending amount of vitamin D in the poultry feed of the present invention is preferably 5000 IU or more, more preferably 8000 to 10,000 IU per 1 kg of the feed. If the amount of vitamin D is greater than the above range, the amount of vitamin D contained in one egg may exceed the daily requirement for an adult, so there is a risk of excessive vitamin D intake.
本発明において、葉酸のコーティングに用いる油脂としては、融点が40〜60℃の食用油脂であれば特に限定されるものではなく、具体的には、硬化パーム油、硬化なたね油、硬化大豆油、硬化ヤシ油、硬化ヒマシ油、硬化牛脂、硬化ラード、硬化魚油、硬化鶏脂等が例示できる。本発明においては、家禽の健康状態や、家禽の飼料成分と卵黄中の成分との関係が深いことを考慮して植物油を用いることが好ましい。 In the present invention, the fat used for the folic acid coating is not particularly limited as long as it is an edible fat having a melting point of 40 to 60 ° C., specifically, hardened palm oil, hardened rapeseed oil, hardened soybean oil, hardened Examples thereof include coconut oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated beef tallow, hydrogenated lard, hydrogenated fish oil, hydrogenated chicken fat and the like. In the present invention, it is preferable to use vegetable oil in consideration of the health condition of poultry and the deep relationship between poultry feed components and components in egg yolk.
なお、上記油脂にビタミンDを配合する場合、ビタミンDの配合量は、最終的に飼料に配合するビタミンDの量に基づいて設定すればよいが、通常、油脂100質量部に対して10〜80質量部が好ましく、20〜50質量部がより好ましい。 In addition, when mix | blending vitamin D with the said fats and oils, what is necessary is just to set the compounding quantity of vitamin D based on the quantity of vitamin D finally mix | blended with feed, However, Usually, it is 10 to 100 mass parts of fats and oils. 80 mass parts is preferable and 20-50 mass parts is more preferable.
葉酸を上記油脂でコーテイングする方法は、一般的な加工方法にしたがって行うことができ、パンコーティング、転動コーティング、流動コーティング等の方法が例示できる。例えば、簡便な加工方法である流動層造粒機を用いる場合においては、底を整流版とした容器に葉酸粉粒体を入れ、下方から空気を送り込み、温めて溶解した油脂を噴射しながら葉酸を勢いよく還流させることにより、葉酸粉粒体の周りが油脂の皮膜で覆われた粒状の粉体を得ることができる。なお、コーテイングに用いる油脂の量は、通常、葉酸100質量部に対して0.1〜5質量部が好ましく、0.3〜3質量部がより好ましい。油脂の量が少な過ぎると葉酸を十分にコーテイングすることができず、多過ぎると飼料と配合した状態における葉酸の安定性に問題が生じる。 The method of coating folic acid with the above fats and oils can be performed according to a general processing method, and examples thereof include pan coating, rolling coating, and fluid coating. For example, in the case of using a fluidized bed granulator which is a simple processing method, folic acid powder is put into a container with a bottom rectified plate, air is fed from below, and heated and dissolved oil and fat is sprayed while folic acid is sprayed. By vigorously refluxing, a granular powder in which the periphery of the folic acid powder particles is covered with a film of oil or fat can be obtained. In addition, 0.1-5 mass parts is normally preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of folic acids, and, as for the quantity of the fats and oils used for coating, 0.3-3 mass parts is more preferable. If the amount of fats and oils is too small, folic acid cannot be sufficiently coated, and if it is too large, there is a problem in the stability of folic acid in a state where it is blended with feed.
本発明の家禽用飼料は、上記のベースとなる飼料に上記油脂でコーティングした葉酸と必要に応じてビタミンD等のビタミン類を所定量添加混合することにより得ることができる。また、その形態も、用途に応じてペレット、マッシュ、クランブル状とすることができる。 The poultry feed of the present invention can be obtained by adding a predetermined amount of folic acid coated with the above fat and fat and vitamins such as vitamin D, if necessary, to the above-described feed. Moreover, the form can also be made into a pellet, a mash, and a crumble shape according to a use.
上記のようにして得られる本発明の家禽用飼料は、通常の飼料と同様に採卵用の家禽(例えば、鶏、ウズラ、アヒル等)に給餌すればよい。例えば、鶏に給餌した場合、給餌開始後5〜10日目頃から卵の葉酸含量が上昇し、ビタミンDは給餌開始後3〜5日目頃から上昇するので、卵中の葉酸やビタミンD等の含有量が所定値を超えてから採卵すればよい。なお、卵中の葉酸やビタミンDの抽出方法及び含量測定方法は、日本食品分析センターが行っている方法(「五訂 日本食品標準成分表分析マニュアルの解説」 p184〜p189、日本食品分析センター編集、中央法規出版発行)に準じて行うことができる。 The poultry feed of the present invention obtained as described above may be fed to a poultry for egg collection (eg, chicken, quail, duck, etc.) in the same manner as a normal feed. For example, when a chicken is fed, the folic acid content of the egg increases from about 5 to 10 days after the start of feeding, and vitamin D increases from about 3 to 5 days after the start of feeding. The eggs may be collected after the content such as exceeds a predetermined value. In addition, the extraction method of folic acid and vitamin D in egg and the method of measuring the content are the methods performed by the Japan Food Analysis Center ("Explanation of the 5th edition Japanese Food Standard Composition Table Analysis Manual" p184-p189, edited by the Japan Food Analysis Center) , Published by Central Law and Publication).
本発明においては、上記のようにして得られる卵は、卵1個当たり、葉酸が60μg以上(通常、60〜100μg)含まれていることが好ましい。また、ビタミンDは、卵1個当たり、80IU以上(通常、80〜250IU)含まれていることが好ましい。成人一日当りの葉酸の摂取基準量は200μg、ビタミンDは100IUであることから、上記卵を2個摂取することで、一日に必要な葉酸やビタミンDの摂取量をほぼ充足させることができる。 In the present invention, the egg obtained as described above preferably contains 60 μg or more (usually 60 to 100 μg) of folic acid per egg. Moreover, it is preferable that vitamin D is contained in 80IU or more (usually 80-250IU) per egg. The reference daily intake of folic acid for adults is 200 μg and vitamin D is 100 IU. By taking these two eggs, the intake of folic acid and vitamin D necessary for the day can be almost satisfied. .
ヤシ油100質量部にビタミンD25質量部を添加、混合し、コーテイング用油脂を調製した。葉酸粉末100質量部に対し、上記コーテイング用油脂5質量部を用いて流動層造粒法でビタミンD含有油脂コーテイング葉酸粉末を調製した。 25 parts by mass of vitamin D was added to and mixed with 100 parts by mass of coconut oil to prepare a coating fat. Vitamin D-containing fat and oil coating folic acid powder was prepared by a fluidized bed granulation method using 5 parts by weight of the above oil for coating and 100 parts by weight of folic acid powder.
そして、ベース飼料(商品名「京地玉用都」、ジェイエイ西日本くみあい飼料株式会社製)100質量部に対して、上記ビタミンD含有油脂コーテイング葉酸粉末を0.0015質量部添加、混合して、飼料1kg当り、葉酸量が15mg、ビタミンD量が8000IU以上の家禽用飼料(以下、葉酸強化飼料という)を調製した。 And, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base feed (trade name “Kyoto Jade Tamyo”, manufactured by JEI West Nippon Kumiai Feed Co., Ltd.), 0.0015 parts by weight of the above-mentioned vitamin D-containing fat and oil coating folic acid powder is added and mixed, A poultry feed (hereinafter referred to as folic acid-enriched feed) having a folic acid content of 15 mg and a vitamin D content of 8000 IU or more per 1 kg of feed was prepared.
上記の葉酸強化飼料を用いて以下の実験を行った。なお、対照として、油脂コーテイングしていない葉酸を用いて、飼料1kg当り、葉酸を15mg配合した飼料(以下、対照飼料という)を用いた。 The following experiment was conducted using the folic acid-enriched feed. As a control, a feed containing 15 mg of folic acid per 1 kg of feed (hereinafter referred to as a control feed) was used using folic acid not coated with fat or oil.
28週齢の産卵鶏20羽を10羽ずつ2群に分け、試験群には上記葉酸強化飼料を、対照群には上記対照飼料をそれぞれ4週間給餌した。 Twenty 28-week-old laying hens were divided into two groups of 10 each, and the test group was fed with the folic acid-enriched diet and the control group was fed with the control diet for 4 weeks.
図1に試験期間中の産卵率を示す。図1から、産卵率については、試験群と対照群とで差異は認められないことが分かる。なお、摂餌量についても試験群と対照群とで差異は認められなかった。 FIG. 1 shows the egg-laying rate during the test period. From FIG. 1, it can be seen that there is no difference in the egg-laying rate between the test group and the control group. There was no difference in food intake between the test group and the control group.
また、飼料を供与した日から両群ともに採卵し、1週間毎に無作為に30個選別して割卵後、卵黄をまとめて均一な溶液にして凍結保存した。そして、日本食品分析センターが行っている方法に準じて、凍結卵黄液より、葉酸、ビタミンDを抽出し、卵黄に含まれる葉酸量、ビタミンD量を週別に定量した。その結果を表1に示す。なお、表1では、卵黄100g当りの葉酸量を週別に表している。 In addition, eggs were collected from both groups from the day when the feed was provided, and 30 eggs were randomly selected every week, and after breaking the eggs, the yolks were collected and frozen in a uniform solution. Then, folic acid and vitamin D were extracted from the frozen egg yolk juice according to the method performed by the Japan Food Analysis Center, and the amounts of folic acid and vitamin D contained in the egg yolk were quantified weekly. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the amount of folic acid per 100 g of egg yolk is shown by week.
表1から、対照群では、葉酸量が1週目から4週目まで270μg以上であり、卵1個当りの卵黄が20gだと仮定すると、1個当り50μg以上の葉酸が含まれることとなる。市販卵の平均的な葉酸含量が1個当り約20μgであるため、約2.5倍の葉酸量になっているといえる。 From Table 1, it is assumed that in the control group, the amount of folic acid is 270 μg or more from the first week to the fourth week, and the egg yolk per egg is 20 g, so that 50 μg or more of folic acid is contained per egg. . Since the average folic acid content of commercial eggs is about 20 μg per egg, it can be said that the amount of folic acid is about 2.5 times.
一方、試験群では、葉酸量が1週目から4週目までの卵黄100g当り500μgを超えており、対照群と比較すると約1.8倍以上となっていることが分かる。この葉酸量を卵1個当りに換算すると、100μg以上の葉酸が含有されていることになる。油脂でコーティングした葉酸は胃酸から受ける影響が減って腸管での吸収率が上昇し、その結果卵黄へ移行する葉酸量が飛躍的に増加したと思われる。また、ビタミンDも卵黄100g当り400IU以上に強化されており、葉酸とビタミンDの両成分を高濃度に含む卵が得られることが分かる。 On the other hand, in the test group, the amount of folic acid exceeds 500 μg per 100 g of egg yolk from the first week to the fourth week, which is about 1.8 times or more compared to the control group. When this amount of folic acid is converted per egg, 100 μg or more of folic acid is contained. It seems that folic acid coated with fats and oils was less affected by gastric acid and increased intestinal absorption, resulting in a dramatic increase in the amount of folic acid transferred to egg yolk. In addition, vitamin D is also strengthened to 400 IU or more per 100 g of egg yolk, and it can be seen that an egg containing both folic acid and vitamin D components in a high concentration can be obtained.
以上の結果から、油脂でコーティングした葉酸を添加した飼料で産卵鶏を飼育することにより、卵黄中の葉酸量を効率よく高めることができ、コーテイングに用いる油脂にビタミンDを配合することにより、葉酸及びビタミンDを高濃度で含有する卵が得られることが分かった。また、産卵率や摂餌量についても、試験群は対照群と比較して相違する点はなく、産卵鶏の飼育に油脂でコーティングした葉酸粉末を配合した飼料を用いても問題はないことが分かった。 From the above results, it is possible to efficiently increase the amount of folic acid in egg yolk by breeding laying hens with a feed added with folic acid coated with fats and oils, and by adding vitamin D to the fats and oils used for coating, And it was found that eggs containing vitamin D at high concentrations were obtained. In addition, there is no difference between the test group and the control group in terms of egg laying rate and food consumption, and there is no problem even if a feed containing folic acid powder coated with fats and oils is used for breeding of laying hens. I understood.
実施例1で得られた試験群及び対照群の卵(各群とも2週目に得られた卵より無分別に10個ずつ選別)に含まれる葉酸の加熱調理に対する安定性について実験を行った。 Experiments were conducted on the stability of the folic acid contained in the eggs of the test group and the control group obtained in Example 1 (each group was selected indiscriminately from the eggs obtained in the second week) to cooking. .
各群とも10個のうち5個を加熱料理群とし、残りの5個は加熱調理を行わない非加熱群とした。加熱調理群は、卵をそのまま沸騰水浴中に入れて30分加熱した後、卵から黄身を取り出して葉酸の定量を行った。そして、非加熱群の葉酸量に対する加熱調理群の葉酸量の割合、すなわち葉酸量の残存率(%)で算出した。なお、葉酸の抽出及び定量は実施例1と同様に食品分析センターが行っている方法に準じた。その結果を表2に示す。 In each group, 5 out of 10 were set as a heated cooking group, and the remaining 5 were set as a non-heating group in which heating cooking was not performed. In the cooking group, the egg was placed in a boiling water bath as it was and heated for 30 minutes, and then the yolk was taken out of the egg and folic acid was quantified. And it calculated with the ratio of the folic acid amount of the heating cooking group with respect to the folic acid amount of a non-heating group, ie, the residual rate (%) of the folic acid amount. The extraction and quantification of folic acid was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 according to the method performed by the Food Analysis Center. The results are shown in Table 2.
表2から、対照群に比べて試験群の方が、卵に含まれる葉酸の加熱調理に対する安定性が高いことが分かる。したがって、試験群の卵は、様々な料理に用いても加熱による葉酸の減少が少なく、葉酸を効率よく摂取できると考えられる。 From Table 2, it can be seen that the test group has higher stability to cooking of folic acid contained in the eggs than the control group. Therefore, it is considered that the eggs in the test group are less likely to lose folic acid by heating even when used in various dishes, and can efficiently ingest folic acid.
本発明の葉酸強化卵は、葉酸、更にはビタミンDを高濃度で含有するので、葉酸やビタミンDの補給源として有効に利用できる。また、本発明の家禽用飼料は、葉酸強化卵を得るための飼料として好適に用いることができる。 Since the folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention contains folic acid and further vitamin D in a high concentration, it can be effectively used as a supplement source of folic acid and vitamin D. Moreover, the feed for poultry of this invention can be used suitably as a feed for obtaining a folic acid enriched egg.
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JP5892718B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2016-03-23 | 日清丸紅飼料株式会社 | Egg enriched with vitamins, method for producing the egg, and feed used to produce the egg |
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JP2012170425A (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2012-09-10 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | Zeaxanthin enriched poultry egg |
JP2013081469A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-05-09 | Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co Ltd | Chicken egg enriched in vitamin, method for producing the chicken egg, and feed used for producing the chicken egg |
CN104664137A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 东港市康俊养殖场 | Laying-hen feed additive and production method of folic acid egg |
JP2015037418A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-02-26 | 日清丸紅飼料株式会社 | Hen eggs with enriched vitamins and production method of hen eggs, and feed used for producing hen eggs |
CN106417987A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-02-22 | 砀山县霞光鸭业养殖专业合作社 | Duck feed for increasing fat mass of sheldrake |
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JPS55156556A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1980-12-05 | Nippon Nousan Kogyo Kk | Process for increasing content of biotin and folic acid in egg |
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JPH06237700A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-08-30 | Nippon Nousan Kogyo Kk | Vitamin k3 preparation for addition to feed |
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JPS55156556A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1980-12-05 | Nippon Nousan Kogyo Kk | Process for increasing content of biotin and folic acid in egg |
JPS5726549A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1982-02-12 | Hiroe Ogawa | Feed for poultry |
JPH06237700A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-08-30 | Nippon Nousan Kogyo Kk | Vitamin k3 preparation for addition to feed |
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