JP4684360B2 - Folic acid enriched egg - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a folic acid-enriched egg containing folic acid at a high concentration, a poultry feed used for producing the folic acid-enriched egg, and a method for producing a folic acid-enriched egg using the poultry feed.

  Folic acid, a kind of vitamin B group, is a component of a coenzyme involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and proteins, is involved in the synthesis of red blood cells and nucleic acids, and is an essential nutrient for the living body. Deficiency of folic acid is known to cause pernicious anemia, neuropathy, intestinal dysfunction, etc. Ingestion of folic acid causes neural tube closure, a congenital abnormality of the neural tube involved in the formation of the fetus's brain and spine In particular, pregnant women need to take it actively to prevent the onset of disability. In fact, in 1992, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a recommendation that ingesting 400 μg folic acid a day could prevent fetal neural tube closure disorder by 70%.

  Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract and helps to maintain calcium homeostasis by regulating bone remodeling. Lack of vitamin D intake causes rickets and adults in infants and children. It is known to cause osteomalacia.

  Eggs, on the other hand, are an important protein source in the diet, and are not only nutritionally complete but have been popular in the daily diet since ancient times, as well as coagulation, foaming, emulsifying, Because it has many processing characteristics such as stickiness, it is highly cookable and is widely used in the food industry.

  Conventionally, in order to increase the added value of eggs, eggs that contain nutrients contained in eggs at a higher concentration than usual and eggs that are enriched with nutrients that are not contained in ordinary eggs have been developed. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses a functional egg characterized by containing 0.5 mg or more of cryptoxanthin per 100 g of edible portion of the egg.

Patent Document 2 listed below is for chickens characterized by mixing and granulating the active ingredients of rice bran, rice bran oil, vitamin D ₃ , and vitamin E into Donariella alga body dry powder to form pellets or granules. A feed additive is disclosed, and it is described that the quality of eggs of the egg-collecting chicken can be improved by adding the additive to a commercially available mixed feed for chickens.

  Patent Document 3 below discloses a vitamin-enriched chicken egg characterized in that vitamin Ds and vitamin Ks are simultaneously enhanced.

  Moreover, the following patent document 4 discloses a feed for poultry farming characterized by having cereals as a main component, a calcium source, a calcium insolubilizing inhibitor, and vitamins containing vitamin D, It is described that both calcium and vitamin D in chicken eggs can be strengthened by feeding the feed.

Further, the following Patent Document 5, a vitamin _{D 2} contains more per egg yolk 100 g 300 IU, and vitamin-enriched eggs containing vitamin E or 50mg disclosed.

  Patent Document 6 listed below discloses a method for producing edible avian eggs, which comprises feeding a flaxseed to an avian female and laying eggs containing eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid or both.

JP 2003-52338 A JP 2001-286262 A JP-A-10-56978 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-327267 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-67583 JP-A-8-80164

  As mentioned above, folic acid is an essential nutrient for living organisms, but because it is heat-sensitive and water-soluble, it decreases through the cooking process, and 100% of folic acid originally contained in food is consumed. It is impossible to do so, and modern people are said to be unable to take the recommended amount of folic acid. The basic skeleton of folic acid is pteroyl monoglutamic acid, but natural folic acid contained in food has a complex structure in which a methyl group or formyl group is bonded to the 5-position of the pteroyl group, and 2-9 glutamic acids are further bonded. It exists as a new compound. However, in order for natural folic acid to be absorbed in the human body, it is necessary to be decomposed into a monoglutamic acid compound, so that it is said that folic acid in food cannot be fully utilized.

  Therefore, folic acid supplements that are easy to use regularly are also commercially available, but there is a risk of side effects due to excessive intake, and it is desired that folic acid can be replenished naturally and safely from foods.

  However, in a normal commercial egg, the amount of folic acid per 100 g of edible portion is 43 μg (from the 5th Food Composition Table), that is, about 20 μg when converted to one egg. In the revised nutritional requirement), folic acid is 200 μg, so the current egg is not a food that can be expected much as a folic acid supplement.

  Moreover, despite the development of eggs enriched with various nutrients as described above, eggs with an increased folic acid content have not yet been developed.

  Vitamin D, on the other hand, has not been deficient as long as it has a normal diet. However, in the 2003 Japan Osteoporosis Society, a study conducted on 500 healthy middle-aged women, It has been reported that 55% of women are considered to be deficient in vitamin D, and it is now necessary to review nutritional requirements and intake methods in order to enter an aging society.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a folic acid-enriched egg having an increased folic acid content and vitamin D content to such an extent that it can be effectively used as a supplemental source of folic acid and vitamin D. Furthermore, it is providing the poultry feed for manufacturing this folic acid-enriched egg, and the manufacturing method of this folic acid-enriched egg.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have intensively studied, and as a result, found that eggs containing folic acid at a high concentration can be obtained by coating folic acid mixed with feed with fats and oils, and completed the present invention. It came to do.

  That is, one of the present invention is a folic acid-enriched egg characterized by containing 60 μg or more of folic acid per egg.

  The folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention preferably contains 60 μg or more of folic acid and 80 IU or more of vitamin D per egg.

  Since the folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention contains folic acid at a high concentration, folic acid, which is a nutrient that is apt to be deficient in modern people, can be taken safely and continuously in a daily diet. Moreover, since almost 100% of folic acid contained in eggs is contained in the form of monoglutamic acid, it is easily digested and absorbed in the body and has high bioavailability. Furthermore, by containing vitamin D at a high concentration, two vitamins having different properties such as folic acid, which is a kind of water-soluble vitamin B group, and vitamin D, which is a fat-soluble vitamin, can be ingested simultaneously.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a poultry feed for producing the folic acid-enriched egg, which contains folic acid coated with fats and oils.

  The poultry feed of the present invention contains folic acid coated with fats and oils, so that folic acid is efficiently transferred and accumulated in the egg, and an egg containing folic acid at a high concentration can be easily obtained. Feed can be provided. Although the reason is not clearly understood, it is considered that folic acid is coated with oils and fats, so that it is less affected by digestion in the stomach and is efficiently absorbed.

  In the poultry feed of the present invention, it is preferable that vitamin D is contained in the fat. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a poultry feed that can easily obtain eggs containing folic acid and vitamin D at high concentrations.

  Moreover, it is preferable to contain 5-150 mg of folic acid per 1 kg of feed. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a poultry feed that can obtain an egg containing folic acid at a high concentration without reducing the feeding efficiency and the egg-laying rate of the poultry.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 5000 IU or more of vitamin D per 1 kg of feed. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a poultry feed that can obtain eggs containing folic acid and vitamin D at high concentrations without lowering the feeding efficiency and egg-laying rate of poultry.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing the folic acid-enriched egg, wherein the poultry feed is fed to the poultry and the eggs are collected.

  According to the method for producing a folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention, a highly nutritious egg containing folic acid and further vitamin D at a high concentration can be obtained efficiently.

  According to the present invention, an egg with higher folic acid content can be produced by blending folic acid coated with fats and oils into the feed, and folic acid content per egg can be produced without losing the original egg characteristics. The amount can be increased. Moreover, by adding vitamin D to the fats and oils used for coating, the content of both folic acid and vitamin D can be increased, and eggs with higher functionality can be obtained.

It is the figure which showed the egg-laying rate in Example 1. FIG.

  The raw material of the feed used as the base of the poultry feed of the present invention can be used without particular limitation as long as it is generally used for poultry feed, and in consideration of the type of poultry and the age. It can be used as appropriate. Specifically, cereals (for example, corn, milo, barley, wheat, etc.), bran, rice bran, vegetable oils (for example, soybean oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, etc.), animal feed (for example, fish meal, meat meal, chicken) Meal, bone meat powder, etc.), animal fats and oils (eg lard, beef tallow etc.), vitamins, minerals (eg salt, anhydrous silicic acid, calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate etc.), amino acids, oyster powder, sugar, feed Yeast, green tea extract, cinnamon and the like. Moreover, the commercial poultry feed which mix | blended said various raw materials can also be used.

  The folic acid to be blended in the poultry feed can be used without particular limitation as long as it is usually available, but it is preferable to use a powdered one. The blending amount of folic acid in the poultry feed of the present invention is preferably 5 to 150 mg per 1 kg of feed and more preferably 15 to 50 mg. Even if the amount of folic acid is greater than the above range, the amount of folic acid in the egg does not increase proportionally, but tends to decrease, which is not economical.

  In the present invention, vitamins are preferably added in addition to folic acid. Examples of vitamins include vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. Among them, vitamin D is preferably used. Vitamin D and other vitamins can be used in combination.

  Similarly, vitamin D can be used without particular limitation as long as it is usually available, but it is preferable to use an oily one. In addition, although vitamin D may be added as it is to the above-described feed, it is preferable to use it by blending it with fats and oils used for folic acid coating. By blending and using vitamin D in fats and oils used for folic acid coating, it is possible to efficiently obtain a powder capable of blending fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in the feed at the same time. The blending amount of vitamin D in the poultry feed of the present invention is preferably 5000 IU or more, more preferably 8000 to 10,000 IU per 1 kg of the feed. If the amount of vitamin D is greater than the above range, the amount of vitamin D contained in one egg may exceed the daily requirement for an adult, so there is a risk of excessive vitamin D intake.

  In the present invention, the fat used for the folic acid coating is not particularly limited as long as it is an edible fat having a melting point of 40 to 60 ° C., specifically, hardened palm oil, hardened rapeseed oil, hardened soybean oil, hardened Examples thereof include coconut oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated beef tallow, hydrogenated lard, hydrogenated fish oil, hydrogenated chicken fat and the like. In the present invention, it is preferable to use vegetable oil in consideration of the health condition of poultry and the deep relationship between poultry feed components and components in egg yolk.

  In addition, when mix | blending vitamin D with the said fats and oils, what is necessary is just to set the compounding quantity of vitamin D based on the quantity of vitamin D finally mix | blended with feed, However, Usually, it is 10 to 100 mass parts of fats and oils. 80 mass parts is preferable and 20-50 mass parts is more preferable.

  The method of coating folic acid with the above fats and oils can be performed according to a general processing method, and examples thereof include pan coating, rolling coating, and fluid coating. For example, in the case of using a fluidized bed granulator which is a simple processing method, folic acid powder is put into a container with a bottom rectified plate, air is fed from below, and heated and dissolved oil and fat is sprayed while folic acid is sprayed. By vigorously refluxing, a granular powder in which the periphery of the folic acid powder particles is covered with a film of oil or fat can be obtained. In addition, 0.1-5 mass parts is normally preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of folic acids, and, as for the quantity of the fats and oils used for coating, 0.3-3 mass parts is more preferable. If the amount of fats and oils is too small, folic acid cannot be sufficiently coated, and if it is too large, there is a problem in the stability of folic acid in a state where it is blended with feed.

  The poultry feed of the present invention can be obtained by adding a predetermined amount of folic acid coated with the above fat and fat and vitamins such as vitamin D, if necessary, to the above-described feed. Moreover, the form can also be made into a pellet, a mash, and a crumble shape according to a use.

  The poultry feed of the present invention obtained as described above may be fed to a poultry for egg collection (eg, chicken, quail, duck, etc.) in the same manner as a normal feed. For example, when a chicken is fed, the folic acid content of the egg increases from about 5 to 10 days after the start of feeding, and vitamin D increases from about 3 to 5 days after the start of feeding. The eggs may be collected after the content such as exceeds a predetermined value. In addition, the extraction method and content measurement method of folic acid and vitamin D in the egg are the methods performed by the Japan Food Analysis Center ("Explanation of the 5th Japan Food Standard Composition Table Analysis Manual" p184-p189, edited by the Japan Food Analysis Center) , Published by Central Law and Publication).

  In the present invention, the egg obtained as described above preferably contains 60 μg or more (usually 60 to 100 μg) of folic acid per egg. Moreover, it is preferable that vitamin D is contained in 80IU or more (usually 80-250IU) per egg. The reference daily intake of folic acid for adults is 200 μg, and vitamin D is 100 IU. By taking these two eggs, the intake of folic acid and vitamin D required for the day can be almost satisfied. .

  25 parts by mass of vitamin D was added to and mixed with 100 parts by mass of coconut oil to prepare a coating fat. Vitamin D-containing fat and oil coating folic acid powder was prepared by a fluidized bed granulation method using 5 parts by weight of the above oil for coating and 100 parts by weight of folic acid powder.

  And, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base feed (trade name “Kyoto Jade Tamyo”, manufactured by JEI West Nippon Kumiai Feed Co., Ltd.), 0.0015 parts by weight of the above-mentioned vitamin D-containing fat and oil coating folic acid powder is added and mixed, A poultry feed (hereinafter referred to as folic acid-enriched feed) having a folic acid content of 15 mg and a vitamin D content of 8000 IU or more per 1 kg of feed was prepared.

  The following experiment was conducted using the folic acid-enriched feed. As a control, a feed containing 15 mg of folic acid per 1 kg of feed (hereinafter referred to as a control feed) was used using folic acid not coated with fat or oil.

  Twenty 28-week-old laying hens were divided into two groups of 10 each, and the test group was fed with the folic acid-enriched diet and the control group was fed with the control diet for 4 weeks.

  FIG. 1 shows the egg-laying rate during the test period. From FIG. 1, it can be seen that there is no difference in the egg-laying rate between the test group and the control group. There was no difference in food intake between the test group and the control group.

  In addition, eggs were collected from both groups from the day when the feed was provided, and 30 eggs were randomly selected every week, and after breaking the eggs, the yolks were collected and frozen in a uniform solution. Then, folic acid and vitamin D were extracted from the frozen egg yolk juice according to the method performed by the Japan Food Analysis Center, and the amounts of folic acid and vitamin D contained in the egg yolk were quantified weekly. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the amount of folic acid per 100 g of egg yolk is shown by week.

  From Table 1, it is assumed that in the control group, the amount of folic acid is 270 μg or more from the first week to the fourth week, and the egg yolk per egg is 20 g, so that 50 μg or more of folic acid is contained per egg. . Since the average folic acid content of commercial eggs is about 20 μg per egg, it can be said that the amount of folic acid is about 2.5 times.

  On the other hand, in the test group, the amount of folic acid exceeds 500 μg per 100 g of egg yolk from the first week to the fourth week, which is about 1.8 times or more compared to the control group. When this amount of folic acid is converted per egg, 100 μg or more of folic acid is contained. It seems that folic acid coated with fats and oils was less affected by gastric acid and increased intestinal absorption, resulting in a dramatic increase in the amount of folic acid transferred to egg yolk. In addition, vitamin D is also strengthened to 400 IU or more per 100 g of egg yolk, and it can be seen that an egg containing both folic acid and vitamin D components in a high concentration can be obtained.

  From the above results, it is possible to efficiently increase the amount of folic acid in egg yolk by breeding laying hens with a feed to which folic acid coated with fats and oils is added, and by adding vitamin D to the fats and oils used for coating, And it was found that eggs containing vitamin D at high concentrations were obtained. In addition, there is no difference between the test group and the control group in terms of egg laying rate and food consumption, and there is no problem even if a feed containing folic acid powder coated with fats and oils is used for breeding of laying hens. I understood.

  Experiments were conducted on the stability of the folic acid contained in the eggs of the test group and the control group obtained in Example 1 (each group was selected indiscriminately from the eggs obtained in the second week) to cooking. .

  In each group, 5 out of 10 were set as a heated cooking group, and the remaining 5 were set as a non-heating group in which heating cooking was not performed. In the cooking group, the egg was placed in a boiling water bath as it was and heated for 30 minutes, and then the yolk was taken out of the egg and folic acid was quantified. And it calculated with the ratio of the folic acid amount of the heating cooking group with respect to the folic acid amount of a non-heating group, ie, the residual rate (%) of the folic acid amount. The extraction and quantification of folic acid was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 according to the method performed by the Food Analysis Center. The results are shown in Table 2.

  From Table 2, it can be seen that the test group has higher stability to cooking of folic acid contained in the eggs than the control group. Therefore, it is considered that the eggs in the test group are less likely to lose folic acid by heating even when used in various dishes, and can efficiently ingest folic acid.

  Since the folic acid-enriched egg of the present invention contains folic acid and further vitamin D in a high concentration, it can be effectively used as a supplement source of folic acid and vitamin D. Moreover, the feed for poultry of this invention can be used suitably as a feed for obtaining a folic acid enriched egg.

Claims (1)

A folic acid-enriched chicken egg containing 60 to 107 μg of folic acid and 80 to 250 IU of vitamin D per chicken egg.

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