JP4644389B2 - Diesel fuel oil composition - Google Patents

Diesel fuel oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4644389B2
JP4644389B2 JP2001186865A JP2001186865A JP4644389B2 JP 4644389 B2 JP4644389 B2 JP 4644389B2 JP 2001186865 A JP2001186865 A JP 2001186865A JP 2001186865 A JP2001186865 A JP 2001186865A JP 4644389 B2 JP4644389 B2 JP 4644389B2
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Prior art keywords
fuel oil
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oil composition
density
temperature
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JP2003003179A (en
Inventor
勉 長谷川
昌裕 瀬尾
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はディーゼル燃料油組成物に関し、さらに詳しくは、ディーゼルエンジン車から排出される燃焼ガス中の微粒子状物質(パティキュレート・マター、以下「PM」と略記する。)の排出量を大幅に低減し得ると共に、高温時の運転性不良(加速性)を改善することのできるディーゼル燃料油組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、大気環境の改善のために、燃料油の燃焼に起因する二酸化炭素ガス、PM、NOx 、硫黄酸化物などの環境汚染物質の削減が求められており、それに伴い、自動車排ガス規制の強化と燃料の品質規制の強化が図られている。
ところで、ディーゼルエンジン車は、ガソリンエンジン車に比べて、燃費効率がよく、二酸化炭素の削減に有効である上、燃料油として用いられる軽油は、ガソリンに比べてコストが低いというメリットがある。しかしながら、ディーゼル車から排出される燃焼ガス中に含まれるPMが、近年、環境汚染の問題で大きくとりあげられている。このPMは、すすなどの燃料油の細かな燃えかすであって、人体に入ると呼吸器系に悪影響を与えることが知られている。したがって、排出ガス中のPMの削減がディーゼル車の最大の課題となっている。
【0003】
そのため、わが国においては、2005年に達成をめざす新規制では、メーカー各社は現行規制の1/3までPM排出量を削減しなければならず、また、東京都においては2003年を目途に都内を走るディーゼル車にDPF(ディーゼル微粒子除去装置:ディーゼル・パティキュレート・フィルター)の装着を義務づけることを検討しており、他の自治体にも広がる可能性が大きい。
【0004】
一方、PM排出量の削減のために、燃料の面からも検討がなされている。その一つとして軽油の軽質化がある。軽油に灯油などを混合して軽質化することは、PM排出量の低減に有効な手段であることは公知の事実である。しかしながら、軽油の軽質化は低沸点化につながり、特に夏場における運転性に重大な悪影響を与えるという問題が生じ、これが軽油の軽質化のネックとなっていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような状況下で、ディーゼルエンジン車から排出される燃焼ガス中のPMの排出量を大幅に低減し得ると共に、高温時、例えば夏場における運転性不良を改善することのできるディーゼル燃料油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の好ましい性質を有するディーゼル燃料油組成物を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、密度に応じて、特定の性状を有する燃料油組成物が、その目的に適合し得ることを見出した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)密度(15℃)が0.820g/cm3 以上であって、式
HTDI=200℃までの総留出量(容量%)/〔密度(15℃)〕2
で表される高温運転性指数(HTDI)が5以下で、90%留出温度と50%留出温度の差が40℃以下であることを特徴とするディーゼル燃料油組成物(以下、燃料油組成物Iと称す。)、及び
(2)密度(15℃)が0.820g/cm3 未満であって、前記高温運転性指数(HTDI)が35以下で、90%留出温度と50%留出温度の差が80℃以下であり、かつ温度30℃における動粘度が2.25mm2 /s以上であることを特徴とするディーゼル燃料油組成物(以下、燃料油組成物IIと称す。)、
を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のディーゼル燃料油組成物は、燃料油組成物I及び燃料油組成物IIの二つの態様があり、該燃料油組成物I及びIIは、それぞれ密度(15℃)が0.820g/cm3 以上のもの及び0.820g/cm3 未満のものに対し、性状が規定された燃料油組成物である。
まず、本発明の燃料油組成物Iは、JIS K2249に従って測定した温度15℃における密度が0.820g/cm3 以上のものである。そして、式
HTDI=200℃までの総留出量(容量%)/〔密度(15℃)〕2
で表される高温運転性指数(HTDI)が5以下であり、かつ蒸留性状において、90%留出温度と50%留出温度の差〔T90−T50〕が40℃以下、好ましくは30℃以下である。高温運転性指数(HTDI)が5を超えると高温時、特に夏場における運転性(加速性)が悪化し、本発明の目的が達せられない。また、〔T90−T50〕が40℃を超えるとPM排出量の低減効果が発揮されず、本発明の目的が達せられない。
【0009】
次に、本発明の燃料油組成物IIは、JIS K2249に従って測定した温度15℃における密度が0.820g/cm3 未満のものである。そして、前記高温運転性指数(HTDI)が35以下、好ましくは30以下で、蒸留性状において、90%留出温度と50%留出温度の差〔T90−T50〕が80℃以下、好ましくは70℃以下であり、かつ温度30℃における動粘度が2.25mm2 /s以上である。これらの条件を全て満たすことにより、高温時の良好な運転性が確保されると共に、PM排出量の低減効果が発揮される。上記条件のいずれかが規定値を逸脱すると高温時の運転性が不良になったり、PM排出量の低減が不充分になったりして、本発明の目的が達せられない。なお、前記蒸留性状は、JIS K2254に従って測定した値である。また、前記動粘度は、JIS K2283に従って測定した値である。
【0010】
本発明の燃料油組成物I及びIIは、以下に示す性状を有するものが好適である。
まず、セタン指数は、燃焼性の点から40以上が好ましく、より好ましくは45以上、さらに好ましくは50以上である。なお、このセタン指数は、JIS K2280−1996に従って測定した値である。
また、エンジンの運転上や燃焼性などの点から、温度30℃における動粘度は、燃料油組成物Iにおいては、1.7mm2 /s以上であるのが好ましく、燃料油組成物IIにおいては、2.25mm2 /s以上である。温度15℃における密度は、燃料油組成物Iにおいては、0.820g/cm3 以上であるが、上限は0.860g/cm3 程度であり、一方燃料油組成物IIにおいては、0.820g/cm3 未満であるが、下限は0.800g/cm3 程度である。
【0011】
さらに、90%留出温度は360℃以下が好ましく、360℃を超えるとPM排出量の低減効果が充分に発揮されないおそれがある。次に、硫黄分含有量は、燃焼ガス中のSOx を低減し、環境性確保の点から、0.05重量%以下が好ましい。なお、この硫黄分含有量は、JIS K2451に従って測定した値である。また、JIS K2265に従って測定した引火点は、一般に45℃以上である。
【0012】
前記のような性状を有する本発明の燃料油組成物I及びIIは、基材として、例えば脱硫軽油(DGO)、脱硫灯油(DK)、脱硫重質ナフサ(DHN)、軽質潤滑留分(LL:軽油に近い留分を水添仕上げして得られたもの)、軽質ポリブテン、脱ろう脱硫軽油(DWDLGO)、水素化分解軽油(HCGO)、接触分解軽質軽油(LCO)、直脱軽油(DSGO:直脱で副生した軽油)、間脱軽質軽油(VHLGO)、高沸点重質ナフサ(HHN:通常のヘビーナフサよりさらに高沸点のナフサ)の中から、一種又は二種以上を用い、調製することができる。
本発明の燃料油組成物には、必要に応じて、低温流動性向上剤、潤滑性向上剤、セタン価向上剤、清浄剤、酸化防止剤などの添加剤や、含酸素化合物などを適宜配合することができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例により、さらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
なお、各例で得られた燃料油組成物の性能は、以下に示す方法に従い評価した。
【0014】
(1)高温運転性
供試車輛として、車輛A〔トヨタ ハイエース(3L:渦流式(副室)/2,799ミリリットル)〕及び車輛B〔トヨタ ラウンドクルーザー(1H−D:直噴式/4,163ミリリットル)〕を使用し、石油学会高温運転性評価方法に準拠して、加速時間を測定し、高温運転性を評価した。
【0015】
(2)PM排出量
供試エンジンとして、いすず4BE1(直噴式、排気量3,636ミリリットル、圧縮比17.5、4気筒)を使用し、D−13モードの測定条件でPM排出量を測定した。
なお、使用した基材及び燃料油組成物の性状(密度、動粘度、硫黄分、セタン指数)は、明細書本文に記載の方法に従って測定した。
【0016】
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜4
第1表に示す性状を有する基材を、第2表に示す割合で混合して燃料油組成物を調製し、その性状及び性能を評価した。結果を第2表に示す。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0004644389
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0004644389
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 0004644389
【0020】
第2表から分かるように、比較例1はPM排出量は少ないが高温運転性が悪く、比較例2はPM排出量及び高温運転性の両方共、若干劣る。比較例3及び比較例4は、いずれも高温運転性は良好であるが、PM排出量が多い。
これに対し、実施例は、いずれもPM排出量及び高温運転性の両方共、良好である。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ディーゼルエンジン車から排出される燃焼ガス中のPMの排出量を大幅に低減し得ると共に、高温時、例えば夏場における運転性不良を改善することのできるディーゼル燃料油組成物を容易に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a diesel fuel oil composition, and more specifically, the amount of particulate matter (particulate matter, hereinafter abbreviated as “PM”) in combustion gas discharged from a diesel engine vehicle is greatly reduced. In addition, the present invention relates to a diesel fuel oil composition that can improve deficiency in driving performance (acceleration) at high temperatures.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to improve the air environment, the reduction of environmental pollutants such as carbon dioxide gas, PM, NO x , sulfur oxides, etc. resulting from the combustion of fuel oil has been sought. And fuel quality regulations are being strengthened.
By the way, a diesel engine vehicle has better fuel efficiency than a gasoline engine vehicle and is effective in reducing carbon dioxide, and light oil used as a fuel oil has an advantage that its cost is lower than that of gasoline. However, in recent years, PM contained in combustion gas discharged from diesel vehicles has been widely taken up due to environmental pollution problems. This PM is a fine burn of fuel oil such as soot, and it is known that when it enters the human body, it adversely affects the respiratory system. Therefore, the reduction of PM in exhaust gas is the biggest issue for diesel vehicles.
[0003]
Therefore, in Japan, according to the new regulations aimed at achieving in 2005, manufacturers have to reduce PM emissions to 1/3 of the current regulations. In Tokyo, Tokyo is scheduled for 2003. We are considering making DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter: Diesel Particulate Filter) mandatory for running diesel cars, and there is a high possibility that it will spread to other local governments.
[0004]
On the other hand, in order to reduce PM emissions, studies have been made from the aspect of fuel. One of these is the lightening of diesel oil. It is a known fact that mixing kerosene or the like with light oil to make it lighter is an effective means for reducing PM emissions. However, the lightening of light oil leads to a lower boiling point, causing a problem that it has a serious adverse effect on drivability especially in summer, and this has become a bottleneck for lightening of light oil.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention can greatly reduce the emission amount of PM in the combustion gas discharged from the diesel engine vehicle, and can improve the drivability failure at high temperatures, for example, in summer. An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel oil composition.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to develop a diesel fuel oil composition having the above-mentioned preferable properties, the fuel oil composition having a specific property can be adapted to the purpose depending on the density. I found out. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
[0007]
That is, the present invention
(1) Density (15 ° C.) is not more 0.820 g / cm 3 or more, the total distillate amounts to Formula HTDI = 200 ° C. (volume%) / [Density (15 ° C.)] 2
A diesel fuel oil composition (hereinafter referred to as fuel oil), characterized in that the high-temperature operability index (HTDI) represented by the formula is 5 or less and the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the 50% distillation temperature is 40 ° C. or less. Referred to as Composition I.), and (2) the density (15 ° C.) is less than 0.820 g / cm 3 , the high-temperature drivability index (HTDI) is 35 or less, 90% distillation temperature and 50% The difference in distillation temperature is 80 ° C. or less, and the kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 30 ° C. is 2.25 mm 2 / s or more (hereinafter referred to as fuel oil composition II). ),
Is to provide.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The diesel fuel oil composition of the present invention has two embodiments, a fuel oil composition I and a fuel oil composition II. The fuel oil compositions I and II each have a density (15 ° C.) of 0.820 g / cm. It is a fuel oil composition whose properties are defined for those of 3 or more and less than 0.820 g / cm 3 .
First, the fuel oil composition I of the present invention has a density of 0.820 g / cm 3 or more at a temperature of 15 ° C. measured according to JIS K2249. And the formula HTDI = total distillate up to 200 ° C. (volume%) / [density (15 ° C.)] 2
And the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the 50% distillation temperature [T90-T50] is 40 ° C. or less, preferably 30 ° C. or less. It is. When the high temperature drivability index (HTDI) exceeds 5, drivability (acceleration) at high temperatures, particularly in summer, deteriorates and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. Moreover, when [T90-T50] exceeds 40 ° C., the effect of reducing the PM discharge amount is not exhibited, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
[0009]
Next, the fuel oil composition II of the present invention has a density of less than 0.820 g / cm 3 at a temperature of 15 ° C. measured according to JIS K2249. The high-temperature drivability index (HTDI) is 35 or less, preferably 30 or less. In distillation properties, the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the 50% distillation temperature [T90-T50] is 80 ° C. or less, preferably 70 And the kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 30 ° C. is 2.25 mm 2 / s or more. By satisfying all these conditions, good drivability at high temperatures is ensured, and the effect of reducing PM emissions is exhibited. If any of the above conditions deviates from the specified value, the operability at high temperatures becomes poor or the PM emission amount is not sufficiently reduced, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. The distillation property is a value measured according to JIS K2254. The kinematic viscosity is a value measured according to JIS K2283.
[0010]
The fuel oil compositions I and II of the present invention preferably have the following properties.
First, the cetane index is preferably 40 or more from the viewpoint of combustibility, more preferably 45 or more, and still more preferably 50 or more. The cetane index is a value measured according to JIS K2280-1996.
Further, in terms of engine operation and combustibility, the kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 30 ° C. is preferably 1.7 mm 2 / s or more in the fuel oil composition I, and in the fuel oil composition II, 2.25 mm 2 / s or more. The density at a temperature of 15 ° C. is 0.820 g / cm 3 or more in the fuel oil composition I, but the upper limit is about 0.860 g / cm 3 , while the density in the fuel oil composition II is 0.820 g / cm 3. Although it is less than / cm 3 , the lower limit is about 0.800 g / cm 3 .
[0011]
Further, the 90% distillation temperature is preferably 360 ° C. or less, and if it exceeds 360 ° C., the PM emission reduction effect may not be sufficiently exhibited. Then, sulfur content, reduce the SO x in the combustion gas, from the viewpoint of environmental ensuring, preferably 0.05 wt% or less. The sulfur content is a value measured according to JIS K2451. The flash point measured according to JIS K2265 is generally 45 ° C. or higher.
[0012]
The fuel oil compositions I and II of the present invention having the properties as described above are used as a base material, for example, desulfurized light oil (DGO), desulfurized kerosene (DK), desulfurized heavy naphtha (DHN), light lubricating fraction (LL). : Obtained by hydrogenating a fraction close to light oil), light polybutene, dewaxed desulfurized light oil (DWDLGO), hydrocracked light oil (HCGO), catalytic cracked light light oil (LCO), direct degassed light oil (DSGO) : Light oil produced as a by-product in direct desorption), intermediate demineralized light oil (VHLGO), and high-boiling heavy naphtha (HHN: naphtha having a higher boiling point than normal heavy naphtha). be able to.
The fuel oil composition of the present invention is appropriately blended with additives such as a low temperature fluidity improver, a lubricity improver, a cetane number improver, a detergent, an antioxidant, and an oxygen-containing compound as necessary. can do.
[0013]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
The performance of the fuel oil composition obtained in each example was evaluated according to the following method.
[0014]
(1) Vehicles A [Toyota Hiace (3L: vortex type (subroom) / 2,799 ml)] and Vehicle B [Toyota Round Cruiser (1H-D: Direct injection type / 4,163) In accordance with the Japan Petroleum Institute high temperature drivability evaluation method, acceleration time was measured and high temperature drivability was evaluated.
[0015]
(2) Using PM 4BE1 (direct injection type, displacement 3,636 ml, compression ratio 17.5, 4 cylinders) as a test engine for PM emissions, measure PM emissions under D-13 mode measurement conditions did.
The properties (density, kinematic viscosity, sulfur content, cetane index) of the base material and the fuel oil composition used were measured according to the method described in the specification.
[0016]
Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4
The fuel oil composition was prepared by mixing the base materials having the properties shown in Table 1 in the proportions shown in Table 2, and the properties and performance were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004644389
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004644389
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004644389
[0020]
As can be seen from Table 2, Comparative Example 1 has a low PM emission amount but poor high temperature drivability, and Comparative Example 2 is slightly inferior in both PM emission amount and high temperature drivability. Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 both have good high temperature drivability, but have a large amount of PM emissions.
On the other hand, all of the examples are good in both PM emission amount and high temperature drivability.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a diesel fuel oil composition capable of significantly reducing the amount of PM emission in combustion gas discharged from a diesel engine vehicle and improving deficiency in drivability at high temperatures, for example, in summer. Can be easily obtained.

Claims (4)

密度(15℃)が0.820g/cm3 以上であって、式
HTDI=200℃までの総留出量(容量%)/〔密度(15℃)〕2
で表される高温運転性指数(HTDI)が5以下で、90%留出温度と50%留出温度の差が40℃以下であることを特徴とするディーゼル燃料油組成物。
The density (15 ° C.) is 0.820 g / cm 3 or more, and the total distillation amount (volume%) / [density (15 ° C.)] up to the formula HTDI = 200 ° C. 2
A diesel fuel oil composition having a high temperature drivability index (HTDI) represented by the formula (5) of 5 or less and a difference between a 90% distillation temperature and a 50% distillation temperature of 40 ° C or less.
密度(15℃)が0.820g/cm3 未満であって、式
HTDI=200℃までの総留出量(容量%)/〔密度(15℃)〕2
で表される高温運転性指数(HTDI)が35以下で、90%留出温度と50%留出温度の差が80℃以下であり、かつ温度30℃における動粘度が2.25mm2 /s以上であることを特徴とするディーゼル燃料油組成物。
Density (15 ° C.) is less than 0.820 g / cm 3, the total distillate volume to formula HTDI = 200 ° C. (volume%) / [Density (15 ° C.)] 2
The high temperature drivability index (HTDI) represented by the formula is 35 or less, the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the 50% distillation temperature is 80 ° C. or less, and the kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 30 ° C. is 2.25 mm 2 / s. A diesel fuel oil composition characterized by the above.
セタン指数40以上、密度(15℃)0.820〜0.860g/cm3 、温度30℃における動粘度1.7mm2 /s以上、90%留出温度360℃以下、硫黄分0.05重量%以下及び引火点45℃以上である請求項1記載のディーゼル燃料油組成物。Cetane index 40 or more, density (15 ° C.) 0.820 to 0.860 g / cm 3 , kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. 1.7 mm 2 / s or more, 90% distillation temperature 360 ° C. or less, sulfur content 0.05 weight The diesel fuel composition according to claim 1, having a flash point of 45 ° C. or lower and a flash point of 45 ° C. or higher. セタン指数40以上、密度(15℃)0.800g/cm3 以上0.820g/cm3 未満、温度30℃における動粘度2.25mm2 /s以上、90%留出温度360℃以下、硫黄分0.05重量%以下及び引火点45℃以上である請求項2記載のディーゼル燃料油組成物。Cetane index 40 or more, density (15 ° C.) 0.800 g / cm 3 or more and less than 0.820 g / cm 3 , kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. 2.25 mm 2 / s or more, 90% distillation temperature 360 ° C. or less, sulfur content The diesel fuel oil composition according to claim 2, wherein the diesel fuel oil composition is 0.05% by weight or less and a flash point of 45 ° C or more.
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JP2000119668A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-25 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil compsition
JP2000144155A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-05-26 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Light oil composition
JP2000328078A (en) * 1999-03-16 2000-11-28 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil composition
JP2001098285A (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-10 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil composition
JP2001098286A (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-10 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil composition
JP2001303078A (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-10-31 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil composition
JP2001303075A (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-10-31 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil composition

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JP2000119668A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-25 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil compsition
JP2000144155A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-05-26 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Light oil composition
JP2000328078A (en) * 1999-03-16 2000-11-28 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp Gas oil composition
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