JP3866380B2 - Diesel fuel oil composition - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ディーゼル燃料油組成物に関し、更に詳しくは、自動車、船舶、発電機等に用いられるディーゼルエンジン用の燃料油組成物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、大気環境を改善するため、自動車から排出される窒素酸化物（ＮＯX ），パティキュレート（ＰＭ）の大幅な低減が望まれている。特に、ディーゼル車は、その寄与が大きく、中央公害審議会により短期、長期目標の排ガス規制と軽油の低硫黄化が答申された。平成９年度中には長期規制対応のディーゼル車の発売と、硫黄分０．０５重量％以下の軽油が出荷される状況にあるが、現在はポスト長期の環境規制を睨み、より一層の大気環境保全を図るための検討が開始されている。ここではエンジンの対策はもとより、軽油の品質の面からの対応も含めた検討が実施される予定である。そこで、ＮＯX ，ＰＭの排出について軽油性状との関わりを見ると、ＰＭの低減については芳香族分量や重質留分量が比較的大きく関与するといわれており、今後、芳香族分の低下や蒸留９０％点等の軽質化への要望が考えられる。しかしながら、これらの軽油品質に対する要求を満足させるためには大幅な生産コストの上昇や供給量の確保等の問題が発生する。
【０００３】
また、Ａ重油を燃料とする発電機，船舶用のディーゼルエンジンについても、先に述べた自動車用ディーゼルエンジンと同様に、排ガス規制強化の高まりが予想される。
一般に、軽油留分に灯油留分等の軽油よりも軽質の留分を混合して、排ガス性能を改善する方法があるが、燃費性能が低下するという問題があった。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記観点からなされたもので、燃費性能の低下を招くことなく、排ガス浄化性能に優れたディーゼル燃料油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の留分を、特定の割合で含むディーゼル燃料油組成物が、上記本発明の目的を効果的に達成しうることを見出し本発明を完成したものである。
すなわち、本発明の要旨は下記の通りである。
（１）沸点が９０〜１５０℃の範囲内にあり、芳香族分１〜１０容量％、ナフテン分５〜４０容量％を有し、硫黄分０．０１重量％以下である石油留分Ａ０．１〜１０容量％、及び沸点が１５０〜３７０℃の範囲内にある石油留分Ｂ９９．９〜９０容量を含有することを特徴とするディーゼル燃料油組成物。
（２）更に、石油留分Ａと石油留分Ｂの合計量に対して、常圧蒸留残油、減圧蒸留残油及び脱硫残油から選ばれる石油留分Ｃを５容量％以下、又は潤滑油精製装置からのエキストラクト油である石油留分Ｄを１０容量％以下含有することを特徴とするディーゼル燃料油組成物。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
本発明のディーゼル燃料油組成物に使用される石油留分Ａは、沸点が９０〜１５０℃の範囲内にあり、芳香族分１〜１０容量％、ナフテン分５〜４０容量％を有し、硫黄分０．０１重量％以下の留分である。このような石油留分Ａとして、常圧蒸留によるヘビーナフサ留分を脱硫して得られる低硫黄ナフサを用いることができ、本発明は該低硫黄ナフサの付加価値向上にも資するものである。
【０００７】
なかでも、沸点が９０〜１４０℃の範囲にあるものが排ガスの性能の点で好ましい。密度は０．７２ｇ／ｃｍ3 （１５℃）以上が好ましい。なお、蒸留性状はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２５４、芳香族分とナフテン分は石油学会法ＪＰＩ−５Ｓ−３３−９０、硫黄分はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２４５１、密度はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２４９に従って測定したものである。
【０００８】
上記の石油留分Ａの含有割合は、組成物全量（石油留分Ａ＋石油留分Ｂ）基準で、０．１〜１０容量％の範囲である。０．１容量％未満であると、排ガス性能に効果が見られず、１０容量％を超えると、高温運転性が急激に悪化するので好ましくない。また、排ガスの性能と高温運転性のバランスを考慮すると０．５〜５容量％の範囲が好ましい。 次に、石油留分Ａと混合するに好ましい石油留分Ｂは、沸点が１５０〜３７０℃の範囲内にある軽油留分で、直留軽油（ＬＧＯ），水素化脱硫軽油（ＤＧＯ），水素化分解軽油（ＨＣＧＯ），接触分解軽質軽油（ＬＣＯ），接触分解脱硫軽質軽油（ＤＳＬＣＯ），重油直接脱硫装置からの副生軽油（ＤＳＧＯ），間接脱硫軽油（ＶＨＬＧＯ），脱ろう脱硫軽油（ＤＷＤＧＯ），脱ろう軽油（ＤＷＬＧＯ）など一種又は二種以上を混合して使用することができる。また、脱硫灯油留分（ＤＫ）も上記の軽油留分に混合して使用することができる。
【０００９】
上記の石油留分Ｂの混合割合は、組成物全量（石油留分Ａ＋石油留分Ｂ）基準で、９９．９〜９０容量％であり、好ましくは９９．５〜９５容量％である。
上記のように、石油留分Ａと石油留分Ｂを混合することによって本願の第一の発明である燃料油組成物、すなわち軽油組成物を好適に調製することができる。軽油は、一般にＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２０４−１９９６に規定される１〜３号軽油に相当し、セタン価４５以上、密度０．８００〜０．８５５ｇ／ｃｍ3 （１５℃）、１０容量％留出温度２５０℃以下、５０容量％留出温度３００℃以下、９０容量％留出温度３６０℃以下、３０℃における動粘度１．７〜５．５ｍｍ2 ／ｓ、芳香族分３０重量％以下、硫黄分０．０５重量％以下の物性を満足するものである。
【００１０】
更に、本願の第二の発明は、常圧蒸留残油，減圧蒸留残油及び脱硫残油から選ばれる石油留分Ｃ、又は潤滑油精製装置からのエキストラクト油の石油留分Ｄを、前記の石油留分Ａと石油留分Ｂに混合するディーゼル燃料油組成物、すなわちＡ重油組成物である。ここで石油留分Ｃのうち常圧蒸留残油とは、常圧蒸留装置で原油を常圧において蒸留して得られる残油である。減圧蒸留残油とは、減圧蒸留装置で常圧蒸留残油を減圧下で蒸留して得られる残油である。脱硫残油とは、直接脱硫装置で常圧蒸留残油又は減圧蒸留残油を処理して得られる残油である。これら石油留分Ｃの混合量は石油留分Ａと石油留分Ｂの合計量に対して５容量％以下であり、好ましくは０．０５〜３．０容量％であり、更に好ましくは０．１〜１．０容量％である。
【００１１】
また、石油留分Ｄの潤滑油装置からのエキストラクト油とは、潤滑油原料用減圧蒸留装置からの留分をフルフラールやｎ−メチル−２−ピロリドン等の溶剤を用いて抽出分離した芳香族成分であり、その混合量は石油留分Ａと石油留分Ｂの合計量に対して１０容量％以下であり、好ましくは０．５〜７．０容量％であり、更に好ましくは１．０〜５．０容量％である。
【００１２】
Ａ重油は、一般にＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２０５−１９９１に規定される重油１種に相当し、セタン指数４０以上、密度０．８９００ｇ／ｃｍ3 （１５℃）以下、１０容量％残油残留炭素分０．２重量％以上、５０℃における動粘度１．８ｍｍ2 ／ｓ以上、硫黄分１．０重量％以下の物性を満足するものであり、舶用ディーゼルエンジンや発電機等の定置式ディーゼルエンジン用燃料として使用される。
【００１３】
本発明のディーゼル燃料油組成物には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で必要に応じて低温流動性向上剤，潤滑性向上剤，セタン価向上剤，清浄剤等の添加剤を適宜加えることができる。
【００１４】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら制限されるものではない。
実施例１〜３；参考例１及び比較例１，２
第２表に示す割合で、石油留分Ａと石油留分Ｂより軽油組成物を調製し、その物性を第２表に示す。得られた各試料油について、下記の方法で排ガス性能，燃費性能，黒煙排出量及び高温運転性能を評価した。その結果を第３表に示す。
（１）供試エンジン
・エンジンＡ：排ガス性能〔ＰＭ，ＣＯ（一酸化炭素），ＴＨＣ（全炭化 水素）〕，黒煙排出量，燃費性能評価で使用
・エンジンＢ：高温運転性能評価で使用
各エンジンの仕様を第１表に示す。
【００１５】
【表１】
（２）評価条件
（ａ）排ガス性能，燃費性能
エンジン回転数；１５００ｒｐｍ，エンジン負荷；最大トルクの８０％
（ｂ）黒煙排出量
エンジン回転数；１５００ｒｐｍ，エンジン負荷；全開
（ｃ）高温運転性能
高温運転性評価方法ＣＲＣ４９０に準拠，環境温度；３５℃
（ｄ）評価方法
ＰＭ；ＰＭ測定用フィルターで補集されたものの重量（ｍｇ）
ＴＨＣ；水素炎イオン化形分析計（ＦＩＤ）で排出量（ｐｐｍ）を測定
ＣＯ；非分散形赤外線分析計（ＮＤＩＲ）で排出量（ｐｐｍ）を測定
黒煙；反射式スモークメータにより排出量（％ＢＳＵ）を測定（ＪＩＳ Ｄ ８００４に準拠）
燃費性能；燃料流量測定法 高温運転性；路面勾配５％条件において、４０〜８０ｋｍ／ｈｒ間の全開加速時間（秒）
【００１７】
【表２】
【表３】
第３表から明らかなように、実施例の軽油組成物は、排ガス性能に優れ、燃費性能も参考例１に比較し１％程度しか低下してなく問題ないことがわかる。また、比較例１の組成物に比べ、高温運転性能に優れていることがわかる。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
本発明のディーゼル燃料油組成物は、燃費性能の低下を招くことなく、排ガス浄化性能に優れたものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a diesel fuel oil composition, and more particularly to a fuel oil composition for a diesel engine used in automobiles, ships, generators and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to improve the atmospheric environment, it has been desired to significantly reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulates (PM) emitted from automobiles. Diesel vehicles in particular contributed greatly, and the Central Pollution Council reported on short-term and long-term target exhaust gas regulations and low-sulfur gas oil. During fiscal 1997, diesel vehicles that comply with long-term regulations were released and diesel oil with a sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or less was shipped. Consideration has been started for conservation. Here, not only engine countermeasures, but also consideration including measures from the aspect of light oil quality will be carried out. Therefore, NO X, looking at the relationship between gas oil properties for the discharge of PM, the reduction of the PM is said to aromatic content and JushitsuTome amount is relatively large involved, future, reduction of aromatic content and distillation There may be a demand for lightening such as 90% point. However, in order to satisfy these requirements for light oil quality, problems such as a significant increase in production cost and securing of supply amount occur.
[0003]
Further, with respect to generators using A heavy oil as a fuel and marine diesel engines, the exhaust gas regulations are expected to increase as in the case of the automobile diesel engines described above.
In general, there is a method of improving exhaust gas performance by mixing a lighter oil fraction than a light oil such as a kerosene fraction with a light oil fraction, but there has been a problem that fuel efficiency is lowered.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to provide a diesel fuel oil composition having excellent exhaust gas purification performance without causing a decrease in fuel efficiency.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that a diesel fuel oil composition containing a specific fraction in a specific ratio can effectively achieve the object of the present invention. Is.
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A petroleum fraction having a boiling point in the range of 90 to 150 ° C., having an aromatic content of 1 to 10% by volume, a naphthene content of 5 to 40% by volume, and a sulfur content of 0.01% by weight or less. A diesel fuel oil composition comprising 1 to 10% by volume and a petroleum fraction B of 99.9 to 90% having a boiling point in the range of 150 to 370 ° C.
(2) Further, the oil fraction C selected from atmospheric distillation residue, vacuum distillation residue and desulfurized residue is 5% by volume or less, or lubrication, based on the total amount of petroleum fraction A and petroleum fraction B. A diesel fuel oil composition comprising 10% by volume or less of a petroleum fraction D which is an extract oil from an oil refiner.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The petroleum fraction A used in the diesel fuel oil composition of the present invention has a boiling point in the range of 90 to 150 ° C., has an aromatic content of 1 to 10% by volume, and a naphthene content of 5 to 40% by volume, A fraction having a sulfur content of 0.01% by weight or less. As such a petroleum fraction A, a low-sulfur naphtha obtained by desulfurizing a heavy naphtha fraction by atmospheric distillation can be used, and the present invention also contributes to an improvement in added value of the low-sulfur naphtha.
[0007]
Especially, the thing whose boiling point exists in the range of 90-140 degreeC is preferable at the point of the performance of waste gas. The density is preferably 0.72 g / cm 3 (15 ° C.) or higher. The distillation properties were measured according to JIS K 2254, the aromatic content and naphthene content were measured according to the Japan Petroleum Institute method JPI-5S-33-90, the sulfur content was measured according to JIS K 2451, and the density was measured according to JIS K 2249.
[0008]
The content ratio of the petroleum fraction A is in the range of 0.1 to 10% by volume based on the total amount of the composition (petroleum fraction A + petroleum fraction B). If it is less than 0.1% by volume, no effect is seen in the exhaust gas performance, and if it exceeds 10% by volume, the high-temperature drivability is abruptly deteriorated. In consideration of the balance between exhaust gas performance and high temperature drivability, a range of 0.5 to 5% by volume is preferable. Next, the preferred petroleum fraction B to be mixed with the petroleum fraction A is a light oil fraction having a boiling point within the range of 150 to 370 ° C., which is a straight-run gas oil (LGO), hydrodesulfurized gas oil (DGO), hydrogen Hydrocracked light oil (HCGO), catalytic cracked light diesel oil (LCO), catalytic cracked desulfurized light diesel oil (DSLCO), by-product gas oil (DSGO) from heavy oil direct desulfurization equipment, indirect desulfurized diesel oil (VHLGO), dewaxed desulfurized diesel oil (DWDGO) ), Dewaxed light oil (DWLGO), etc., or a mixture of two or more can be used. Moreover, a desulfurized kerosene fraction (DK) can also be mixed and used for said light oil fraction.
[0009]
The mixing ratio of the above-described petroleum fraction B is 99.9 to 90% by volume, preferably 99.5 to 95% by volume, based on the total amount of the composition (petroleum fraction A + petroleum fraction B).
As described above, by mixing the petroleum fraction A and the petroleum fraction B, the fuel oil composition which is the first invention of the present application, that is, the light oil composition, can be suitably prepared. The light oil generally corresponds to No. 1 to 3 light oil defined in JIS K 2204-1996, has a cetane number of 45 or more, a density of 0.800 to 0.855 g / cm 3 (15 ° C.), and a 10 vol% distillation temperature of 250. 50% by volume distillation temperature 300 ° C. or less, 90% by volume distillation temperature 360 ° C. or less, kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. 1.7 to 5.5 mm 2 / s, aromatic content 30% by weight or less, sulfur content 0 It satisfies the physical properties of 0.05% by weight or less.
[0010]
Furthermore, the second invention of the present application relates to a petroleum fraction C selected from atmospheric distillation residual oil, vacuum distillation residual oil and desulfurized residual oil, or petroleum fraction D of extract oil from a lubricating oil refining device, A diesel fuel oil composition to be mixed with petroleum fraction A and petroleum fraction B, that is, A heavy oil composition. Here, the atmospheric distillation residual oil in the petroleum fraction C is a residual oil obtained by distilling crude oil at an atmospheric pressure with an atmospheric distillation apparatus. A vacuum distillation residual oil is a residual oil obtained by distilling an atmospheric distillation residual oil under reduced pressure with a vacuum distillation apparatus. A desulfurization residual oil is a residual oil obtained by processing an atmospheric distillation residue or a vacuum distillation residue with a direct desulfurization apparatus. The mixing amount of these petroleum fractions C is 5% by volume or less, preferably 0.05 to 3.0% by volume, more preferably 0.005% by volume based on the total amount of petroleum fractions A and B. 1 to 1.0% by volume.
[0011]
Further, the extract oil from the lubricating oil device of petroleum fraction D is an aromatic obtained by extracting and separating the fraction from the vacuum distillation device for lubricating oil raw material using a solvent such as furfural or n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The amount of the mixture is 10% by volume or less, preferably 0.5 to 7.0% by volume, more preferably 1.0%, based on the total amount of petroleum fraction A and petroleum fraction B. -5.0% by volume.
[0012]
A heavy oil generally corresponds to one kind of heavy oil defined in JIS K 2205-1991, and has a cetane index of 40 or more, a density of 0.8900 g / cm 3 (15 ° C.) or less, and a 10% by volume residual carbon residue of 0.2%. It satisfies the physical properties of weight% or more, kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C of 1.8 mm 2 / s or more and sulfur content of 1.0 weight% or less, and is used as a fuel for stationary diesel engines such as marine diesel engines and generators. Is done.
[0013]
To the diesel fuel oil composition of the present invention, additives such as a low-temperature fluidity improver, a lubricity improver, a cetane improver, and a detergent are appropriately added as necessary within the range not impairing the effects of the present invention. Can do.
[0014]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1 to 3; Reference Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
A light oil composition was prepared from petroleum fraction A and petroleum fraction B at the ratio shown in Table 2, and the physical properties are shown in Table 2. About each obtained sample oil, exhaust gas performance, fuel consumption performance, black smoke emission amount, and high temperature operation performance were evaluated by the following method. The results are shown in Table 3.
(1) Engine / engine A: Exhaust gas performance [PM, CO (carbon monoxide), THC (total hydrocarbons)], black smoke emission, used for fuel efficiency evaluation Engine B: used for high temperature driving performance evaluation Table 1 shows the specifications of each engine.
[0015]
[Table 1]
(2) Evaluation conditions (a) Exhaust gas performance, fuel efficiency performance Engine speed: 1500 rpm, engine load: 80% of maximum torque
(B) Black smoke emission engine speed: 1500 rpm, engine load; fully open (c) High temperature operation performance Compliant with high temperature operation performance evaluation method CRC490, environmental temperature: 35 ° C
(D) Evaluation method PM; weight (mg) collected by the PM measurement filter
THC; Emissions (ppm) measured with a flame ionization analyzer (FID) CO; Emissions (ppm) measured with a non-dispersive infrared analyzer (NDIR) Black smoke; Emissions (%) with a reflective smoke meter (BSU) measured (conforms to JIS D 8004)
Fuel consumption performance; Fuel flow measurement method High-temperature drivability; Fully open acceleration time between 40 and 80 km / hr under 5% road slope condition (seconds)
[0017]
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
As is apparent from Table 3, it can be seen that the light oil compositions of the examples are excellent in exhaust gas performance and the fuel efficiency is only about 1% lower than that of Reference Example 1 and there is no problem. Moreover, it turns out that it is excellent in high temperature operation performance compared with the composition of the comparative example 1.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The diesel fuel oil composition of the present invention has excellent exhaust gas purification performance without causing deterioration in fuel efficiency.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17359497A JP3866380B2 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1997-06-30 | Diesel fuel oil composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17359497A JP3866380B2 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1997-06-30 | Diesel fuel oil composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1121568A JPH1121568A (en) | 1999-01-26 |
| JP3866380B2 true JP3866380B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
Family
ID=15963500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17359497A Expired - Fee Related JP3866380B2 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1997-06-30 | Diesel fuel oil composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3866380B2 (en) |
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| US10494579B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2019-12-03 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Naphthene-containing distillate stream compositions and uses thereof |
| US10550341B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2020-02-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Sequential deasphalting for base stock production |
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| EP1284281B1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2009-02-25 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Synthetic Naphtha Fuel |
| JP2001262164A (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel oil for fuel cell |
| JP2001214179A (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-08-07 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel oil |
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1997
- 1997-06-30 JP JP17359497A patent/JP3866380B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US10647925B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2020-05-12 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Fuel components from hydroprocessed deasphalted oils |
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| US10494579B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2019-12-03 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Naphthene-containing distillate stream compositions and uses thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1121568A (en) | 1999-01-26 |
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