JP3949501B2 - Fuel oil composition - Google Patents

Description

＊１ ＤＳＧＯ−１；常圧蒸留残渣油（ＲＣ）に接触分解軽質軽油（ＬＣＯ）を１０容量％混合し、脱硫処理して得た直接脱硫軽油基材
＊２ ＤＳＧＯ−２；常圧蒸留残渣油（ＲＣ）を脱硫処理して得た直接脱硫軽油基材
＊３ ＬＣＯ；接触分解軽質軽油基材
＊４ ＤＧＯ；直留軽油を脱硫処理した脱硫軽油基材
＊５ Ｋ−１；脱硫灯油基材
＊６ ＲＣ；常圧蒸留残渣油
【００１９】
【表２】

＊７ ＦＩ；流動性向上剤（インフィニアムジャパン社製「ＩＮＦＩＮＥＵＭ Ｒ２４０」）
【００２０】
【表３】

【００２１】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかる燃料油組成物は環境負荷が低く、安定性、低温流動性及び燃焼性が良好で、かつ高い発熱量を有する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition, and more particularly to a fuel oil composition having a high calorific value, excellent fluidity at low temperatures, good combustibility, and low environmental burden.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, fuel oils for internal combustion and external combustion include kerosene, heavy oil A, heavy fuel oil C, and the like, which are properly used depending on the application. Kerosene has a very low sulfur content, nitrogen content, and residual carbon content, and therefore has a low environmental impact, and is usually suitably used for domestic heating equipment. However, since the calorific value is low, it is insufficient for use in applications that require a further calorific value.
In addition, heavy oil A is superior in terms of stable supply and has a higher calorific value than kerosene, so it is preferably used for applications such as small boilers and diesel engines. A fuel oil composition is required.
[0003]
Various methods have been proposed as methods for improving the calorific value of A heavy oil. For example, it is a method of increasing the mixing ratio of the base material of the high-boiling fraction or increasing the mixing ratio of catalytically cracked light gas oil (hereinafter sometimes referred to as LCO (light cyclic oil)).
However, in the former method, the high boiling fraction of the straight-run base material contains a large amount of paraffin, so the low-temperature fluidity of the final product may be reduced. In the latter method, poor ignition may occur during use. In some cases, a combustion failure such as the occurrence of spillage occurs.
[0004]
On the other hand, the direct desulfurized light oil distilled from the direct desulfurization apparatus has a low environmental load and good combustibility, but usually has a low calorific value, and when it is prepared to have a high calorific value, it flows at low temperature. It becomes inferior.
In addition, fuel oil C has a higher calorific value than fuel oil A, but because of its high viscosity, heating equipment is required and handling is inconvenient, as well as sulfur, nitrogen, and residual carbon. There is a drawback that the impact on the environment is large, such as high.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel oil composition having a low environmental load, good stability, low-temperature fluidity and combustibility, and a higher calorific value than the conventional one under the above-mentioned circumstances. It is.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of repeating various studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have obtained 35 to 75% by volume of a direct desulfurized gas oil base material distilled from a direct desulfurization apparatus and 10 to 45% by volume of a catalytically cracked light gas oil base material. Cetane index 40 or more, density 0.8763 or more, sulfur content 0.10 mass% or less, cloud point (CP) 3 ° C. or less, clogging point (CFPP) −10 ° C. or less, pour point (PP) − A fuel oil composition having a viscosity at 10 ° C. or lower and a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 3.50 mm ² / s or lower, wherein the direct desulfurized gas oil base material has a cetane index of 40 or higher, a density of 0.885 or higher, and a sulfur content of 0 0.03 mass% or less and a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 5.00 mm ² / s or less, the catalytically cracked light gas oil base material has a cetane index of 25 or more, a density of 0.920 or more, and a sulfur content of 0.350 mass%. A fuel oil composition characterized by the following: It found that to achieve the above object, and completed the present invention.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The fuel oil composition of the present invention has a cetane index of 40 or more, a density of 0.8763 or more, a sulfur content of 0.10% by mass or less, a cloud point of 3 ° C. or less, a clogging point of −10 ° C. or less, and a pour point of −10 ° C. or less. And a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 3.50 mm ² / s or less. By having these physical properties, there are the following advantages.
When the cetane index is 40 or more, combustibility is ensured. From the viewpoint of flammability, the cetane index is preferably 45 or more, and more preferably 50 or more.
If the density is less than 0.8763, a sufficient calorific value cannot be obtained. From the viewpoint of securing high calories, the density is more preferably 0.8800 or more. When the sulfur content is 0.10% by mass or less, the amount of sulfur oxides when combusted can be reduced, and the environmental load can be reduced. In addition, there is an advantage that low temperature corrosion such as a chimney due to an increase in acid dew point does not easily occur.
By having a cloud point of 3 ° C. or lower, a clogging point of −10 ° C. or lower, and a pour point of −10 ° C. or lower, fluidity at a low temperature can be secured. From the viewpoint of low temperature fluidity, the cloud point is more preferably 0 ° C. or less, the clogging point is −15 ° C. or less, and the pour point is more preferably −15 ° C. or less.
Further, when the viscosity at 50 ° C. is 3.50 mm ² / s or less, the combustibility can be maintained high, and the handleability can be facilitated.
[0008]
The fuel oil of the present invention contains a direct desulfurized light oil base and a catalytically cracked light light oil base.
The direct desulfurized light oil base material refers to a light oil fraction obtained when a residual oil obtained by fractionating crude oil by an atmospheric distillation apparatus is desulfurized by a direct desulfurization apparatus. The direct desulfurization apparatus is an apparatus for hydrodesulfurizing atmospheric distillation residue oil in the presence of a catalyst at high temperature and high pressure. The catalyst used here is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used hydrodesulfurization catalyst. Co-Mo catalyst, Ni-Mo catalyst, Ni-W catalyst, Ni-Co-Mo catalyst, etc. Is mentioned. As reaction conditions, a reaction temperature of 350 to 450 ° C., a reaction pressure of 20 to 200 kg / cm ² , a hydrogen / oil ratio of 200 to 2000 Nl / l, and a liquid space velocity (LHSV) of 0.5 to 5 hr ⁻¹ are preferable.
[0009]
In the fuel oil composition of the present invention, the direct desulfurized gas oil base material has a cetane index of 40 or more, a density of 0.885 or more, a sulfur content of 0.03% by mass or less, and a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 5.00 mm ² / s. It is as follows.
When the cetane index is 40 or more, the combustibility of the final product is ensured, and when the density is 0.885 or more, the high caloric property of the product can be ensured, and the sulfur content is 0.03% by mass or less. Therefore, it is possible to secure low sulfur of the product. Further, the viscosity at 50 ° C. is 5.00 mm ² / s or less, which is necessary for securing the properties of the product, and from the viewpoint of securing properties, it is preferably 4.50 mm ² / s or less, Furthermore, it is preferable that it is the range of 3.30-4.50mm < ² > / s.
In order to ensure the properties of the fuel oil composition, it is necessary that the content of the direct desulfurized gas oil base is in the range of 35 to 75% by volume with respect to the fuel oil composition.
[0010]
In addition, as a method for efficiently producing a direct desulfurized light oil base material having the above-described properties, a method in which a catalytically cracked light gas oil is mixed with an atmospheric residue and directly passed through a desulfurization apparatus is preferable. The mixing amount of the catalytically cracked light gas oil can be appropriately selected depending on the processing capacity of the direct desulfurization apparatus, but is preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by volume from the viewpoint of efficient production.
[0011]
Next, the catalytically cracked light gas oil base generally refers to a light portion of a light oil fraction obtained by cracking a heavy fraction or the like with a fluid catalytic cracking (hereinafter referred to as “(R) FCC”) apparatus.
Here, the (R) FCC device is a gasoline that brings heavy fractions such as atmospheric heavy gas oil, vacuum gas oil and atmospheric residue into contact with a flowing catalyst at a high temperature, decomposes the heavy fraction, and produces gasoline. An apparatus for obtaining a fraction or a light oil fraction. The catalyst used here is not limited as long as it is usually used as an (R) FCC catalyst, but a solid acid catalyst such as SiO ₂ —Al ₂ O ₃ or zeolite is particularly suitable. The reaction conditions are preferably a reaction temperature of 450 to 550 ° C., a reaction pressure of 0.1 to 0.5 MPa, a contact time of 0.1 to 2 seconds, and a catalyst / oil ratio of 5 to 20 kg / kg. In the (R) FCC apparatus, the flowing catalyst is continuously extracted from the reaction tower and regenerated by air combustion in the regeneration tower.
[0012]
In the present invention, the catalytically cracked light gas oil base material has a cetane index of 25 or more, a density of 0.920 or more, and a sulfur content of 0.350% by mass or less.
When the cetane index is 25 or more, the flammability of the final product is secured, and when the density is 0.920 or more, the high calorie property of the product can be secured, and the sulfur content is 0.350 mass%. By making it below, it is possible to secure low sulfur of the product.
In order to ensure the properties of the fuel oil composition, the content of the catalytically cracked light gas oil base is required to be in the range of 10 to 45% by volume with respect to the fuel oil composition. In order to make the index and density within the preferable ranges, it is further preferable to set them within the range of 12 to 30% by volume.
It should be noted that the fuel oil composition of the present invention includes a base such as hydrodesulfurized light oil (DGO), hydrocracked light oil (HCGO), dewaxed light oil (DWGO), etc. as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Materials can be blended.
[0013]
Moreover, a kerosene base material can be mixed with the fuel oil composition of this invention, and it becomes easy to ensure the low temperature fluidity | liquidity of a product by mixing of a kerosene base material. From the viewpoint of ensuring product properties such as low-temperature fluidity and calorific value of the product, the addition amount is preferably in the range of 0 to 20% by volume, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 18% by volume.
Furthermore, it is preferable to add 0.1 to 0.5% by volume of a residual carbon source to the fuel oil according to the present invention in order to ensure low temperature fluidity of the product.
[0014]
Moreover, it is preferable to add a fluidity improver in order to ensure the low temperature fluidity of the product. The addition amount of the fluidity improver is preferably in the range of 100 to 500 ppm by mass from the viewpoint that sufficient low-temperature fluidity can be obtained and other physical properties are not adversely affected.
The fluidity improver is not particularly limited as long as it improves the low temperature fluidity of the fuel oil composition, but the main component is an ethylene / vinyl copolymer or a trisamine mono-fatty acid ester / ethylene / propylene copolymer. Those that do are preferred.
In addition, the fuel oil concerning this invention can use the various base material used for fuel oil other than the said base material in the range which does not impair the objective of this invention. Specifically, desulfurized straight-run gas oil (DGO), hydrocracked light oil (HCGO), dewaxed straight-run gas oil (DWGO), or a mixture of these fractions can be used as appropriate.
In addition, various additives can be added to the fuel oil composition of the present invention as desired. For example, when the fuel oil composition of the present invention is used as a fuel for internal combustion, cetane is used as necessary. A value improver can be added.
[0015]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
Various measuring methods 1) Density Measured according to JIS K 2249.
2) Flash point Measured according to JIS K 2265.
3) Kinematic viscosity Measured according to JIS K 2283.
4) Sulfur content Measured according to JIS K2541.
5) 10% residual charcoal Measured according to JIS K 2270.
6) Cloud point Measured according to JIS K 2269.
7) Clogging point Measured according to JIS K 2288.
8) Pour point Measured according to JIS K 2269.
9) Cetane index Measured according to JIS K 2204-1992.
10) Measured according to ASTM color JIS K 2580.
[0016]
Evaluation method 1) When the low temperature fluidity cloud point is 3 ° C. or less, the clogging point is −10 ° C. or less, and the pour point is −10 ° C., ○, when at least one of these requirements is not satisfied Was evaluated as x.
2) When the combustible cetane index was 40 or more and the kinematic viscosity at 550 ° C. was 3.50 mm ² / s or less, it was evaluated as ◯, and when at least one of these requirements was not satisfied, it was evaluated as x.
3) When the calorie calorie was 0.8800 or more, it was evaluated as ◎, when it was 0.8763 or more and less than 0.8800, ◯, and when it was less than 0.8763, it was evaluated as ×.
[0017]
Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4
The fuel oil composition was manufactured by blending the base materials shown in Table 1 in the blending amounts shown in Table 2. For each fuel oil composition, density, ASTM color, flash point, kinematic viscosity (@ 50 ° C), sulfur content, 10% residual carbon, cloud point, clogging point, 50% distillation temperature, 90% distillation temperature The cetane index was measured, and low-temperature fluidity and flammability were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0018]
[Table 1]

* 1 DSGO-1: Direct desulfurized gas oil base material obtained by mixing 10% by volume of catalytic cracked light gas oil (LCO) with atmospheric distillation residue oil (RC) * 2 DSGO-2; atmospheric distillation residue Direct desulfurized light oil base * 3 LCO obtained by desulfurizing oil (RC) * 4 DGO; Desulfurized light oil base obtained by desulfurizing straight run diesel oil * 5 K-1; Desulfurized kerosene base Material * 6 RC; atmospheric distillation residue oil
[Table 2]

* 7 FI: Fluidity improver ("INFINEUM R240" manufactured by Infinium Japan)
[0020]
[Table 3]

[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The fuel oil composition according to the present invention has a low environmental load, good stability, low temperature fluidity and combustibility, and a high calorific value.

Claims (4)

It contains 35 to 75% by volume of a direct desulfurized gas oil base material and 10 to 45% by volume of a catalytic cracked light gas oil base material distilled from a direct desulfurization unit, has a cetane index of 40 or more, a density of 0.8763 or more, and a sulfur content of 0.10. A fuel oil composition having a mass% or less, a cloud point of 3 ° C. or less, a clogging point of −10 ° C. or less, a pour point of −10 ° C. or less, and a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 3.50 mm ² / s or less, The direct desulfurized light oil base material has a cetane index of 40 or more, a density of 0.885 or more, a sulfur content of 0.03% by mass or less, and a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 5.00 mm ² / s or less. A fuel oil composition, wherein the material has a cetane index of 25 or more, a density of 0.920 or more, and a sulfur content of 0.350% by mass or less. The direct desulfurized light oil base material is a desulfurized light oil base material obtained by mixing a catalytic cracked light light oil base material with an atmospheric distillation residue oil and desulfurizing the mixed oil directly in a desulfurization apparatus. Item 4. The fuel oil composition according to Item 1. Furthermore, 0-20 volume% of kerosene base materials and / or 0.1-0.5 volume% of residual carbon sources are mix | blended, The fuel oil composition of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Furthermore, 100-500 mass ppm of fluidity improvers is mix | blended, The fuel oil composition of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.