JP4638434B2 - 樹脂が注入された透明な外皮パネルおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents

樹脂が注入された透明な外皮パネルおよびその製造方法 Download PDF

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JP4638434B2
JP4638434B2 JP2006525435A JP2006525435A JP4638434B2 JP 4638434 B2 JP4638434 B2 JP 4638434B2 JP 2006525435 A JP2006525435 A JP 2006525435A JP 2006525435 A JP2006525435 A JP 2006525435A JP 4638434 B2 JP4638434 B2 JP 4638434B2
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metal plate
skin panel
preform
fiber reinforced
transparent
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JP2007504049A (ja
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アルバース,ロバート・ジィ
ノードマン,ポール・エス
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Boeing Co
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Description

発明の分野
この発明は、透明な航空機外皮パネルに関し、より特定的には、樹脂が注入された透明な外皮パネルと、航空機および航空宇宙の応用例において用いるために特に十分に適合された当該樹脂が注入された透明な外皮パネルを製造する方法とに関する。
発明の背景
大抵の民間航空機の客席窓の大きさは比較的小さい。これは、一つには、現在の透明な窓材料の特性が制限されていること、さらに、航空機のフレーム内でこれらの窓を支持するのに必要な支持構造が重くて複雑であることによる。
典型的には、これらの透明な窓材料は透明ポリマーから成る。複雑な形状でありながら高い耐久性を持ち容易に形成できるといった有用な特質を非常にうまく発揮する一方で、これらのポリマー性の窓の強度特性には制限がある。
窓は、航空機の構造外皮内において窓を支持するために、重量のある支持構造を必要とする。この支持構造は一般に窓の鍛造物およびたて桁を含む。各々の構成要素は、窓を囲みかつ支持する外皮パネルを強化するよう設計される。しかしながら、各々の構成要素を追加すると、完成した窓アセンブリのコストおよび重量が増大するので、客席窓は比較的小さいままにしておかざるを得ない。
したがって、現代の航空機における現在の客席窓アセンブリの重量を減らし、代わりにより大きな客席窓を設けることが強く望まれることとなる。
したがって、この発明の目的は、現在の客席窓よりも強度が高くかつ軽量な一体的に形成された透明な窓パネルを備える航空機で用いるための透明な外皮パネルを製造する方法を提供することである。
発明の概要
移動プラットフォームにおいて用いるための透明な外皮パネルが提供される。透明な外皮パネルは複数の金属板を含む。繊維強化樹脂は、繊維金属積層板を形成する複数の金属板を少なくとも部分的に囲む。繊維強化樹脂は透明である。複数の金属板の各々の内部に切欠きが形成される。切欠きは、透明な外皮パネルにおける窓に対応する。
透明な外皮パネルの製造方法がまた提供される。当該方法は型を設けるステップを含む。繊維のプリフォームが設けられる。次いで、複数の穿孔が中に形成されている金属板が設けられる。プリフォームおよび金属板は、互いの上に重なって整列するように開いた型または閉じた型に挿入される。次いで、樹脂は、金属板の穿孔を通って流れ、金属板およびプリフォームを少なくとも部分的に覆うように型に注入される。樹脂と繊維のプリフォームとは実質的に透明である。
この発明の適用可能なさらなる範囲が、以下に提供される詳細な説明から明らかになるだろう。詳細な説明および具体例が例示だけを目的とするよう意図され、発明の範囲を限
定するようには意図されないことが理解されるはずである。
この発明は、詳細な説明および添付の図面からより完全に理解されるだろう。
好ましい実施例の詳細な説明
以下の好ましい実施例の説明は、本質的に単に例示的なものであり、この発明、その応用例または用途を限定することを意図するものではない。
図1を参照すると、この発明の原理に従って構築され、航空機12に装着された透明な外皮パネル10が図示される。透明な外皮パネル10は外皮部分14および窓部分16を含む。特定の例においては、航空機12の側方の窓を含むものとして示される透明な外皮パネル10が設けられているが、透明な外皮パネル10が航空機12のどの部分で用いられてもよく、操縦室の窓、側方の窓、ドアまたは連続した表面を含み得ることが理解されるべきである。
図2に関連して、透明な外皮パネル10は、航空機12の構造フレーム構成要素(図示せず)に連結される。外皮部分14は複数の金属板20および繊維強化樹脂22を含む。金属板20は繊維強化樹脂22内において保持される。提供される特定の例には、3つの金属板20が示される。しかしながら、要望に応じて、より多いかまたはより少ない数の金属板20を用いてもよいことが理解されるはずである。さらに、繊維強化樹脂22内において当該繊維強化樹脂22の両側に間隔を空けて配置されている金属板20が示されるが、金属板20は、以下により詳細に説明されるように、繊維強化樹脂22内のどこに配置されてもよい。
窓部分16は、好ましくは、繊維強化樹脂22だけで構成されている。繊維強化樹脂22は、以下により詳細に説明されるように、それを通して見ることを可能にするために透明である。
ここで、図3を参照すると、透明な外皮パネル10を構築する方法が記載される。図3に概略的に示され、透明な外皮パネル10の構成要素を受けることのできる型24が設けられる。型24は、透明な外皮パネル10の外面を形成するよう形作られた空隙(図示せず)を有する。この形状は、図1および図2においては本質的に長方形かつ平坦に示されているが、航空機12の外形に必要とされるいかなる形であってもよく、例えば丸くて湾曲した形であってもよい。
次いで、複数の金属板26および複数の繊維プリフォーム28が設けられる。金属板26は、そこを通って形成される複数の穿孔30を含む。穿孔30は円形で示されているが、いかなるサイズまたは形状が用いられてもよい。金属板26は各々、その中心に切欠き32を含む。各々の金属板26における切欠き32は、組立てられた透明な外皮パネル10の窓部分16に対応する。また、切欠き32は円形のものとして示されているが、例えば楕円形または長方形を含むいかなる形であってもよい。金属板26は、好ましくは、軽量で強度が高いという理由からアルミニウムで作られるが、但し、例えばチタンを含めて、他のさまざまな金属が用いられてもよい。
繊維プリフォーム28は各々、繊維網を形成するよう織り合された複数の繊維34を含む。それらの層の向きは、結果として得られる構造の所望の方向性のある強度に基づいており、単一方向または双方向の強度を有し得る(たとえば、繊維34は一方向(図示せず)または二方向に伸びていてもよい)。
次いで、金属板26および繊維プリフォーム28が、透明な外皮パネル10における板の所望の順序に対応する順序で型24に挿入される。提供される特定の例においては、金属板26は、二重層の繊維プリフォーム28と交互になっている。
次いで、型24が閉じられるか、または真空バッグが適用され、樹脂が、制御された大気圧樹脂注入(CAPRI)、ゼーマン(Seemann)の複合樹脂注入成形プロセス(SCRIMP(登録商標))、真空補助樹脂トランスファ成形(VARTM)、樹脂トランスファ成形(RTM)または樹脂フィルム注入(RFI)などのプロセスを用いて型に注入される。この明細書中には列挙されないが、型24に樹脂を注入する他の好適な方法が用いられてもよい。
図4においてもっともよく分かるように、参照番号36で示される樹脂は、穿孔30を通って矢印の方向に流れる。樹脂36は繊維プリフォーム28を通り、これにより、繊維34を完全に湿らせる(たとえば、完全に覆い、染込ませる)。次いで、樹脂36が固まるまで、ある期間にわたって透明な外皮パネル10を硬化させる。そして、型24が開かれ、透明な外皮パネル10が取外される。金属板26は金属板20(図2)および樹脂36に対応し、繊維プリフォーム28は繊維強化樹脂22(図2)に対応する。
好ましくは、樹脂は紫外線分解に耐性のある脂肪族エポキシである。しかしながら、他の代替的な樹脂材料が用いられてもよい。透明性を与えるために、樹脂36は透明であり、繊維34は透明な外皮パネル10内では実質的に透明である。繊維34の屈折率は、樹脂36の屈折率と一致する。このように、透明な外皮パネル10は、金属板26における切欠き32の区域においては完全に透明である。
金属板20と透明な強化樹脂22を一体的に形成することにより、固体であり強度の高い透明な外皮パネル10が設けられる。同時に、典型的には航空機の窓を組立てるのに用いられる重量のある支持構造を実質的になくすことにより、航空機の軽量化をもたらす。これにより、航空機のコストおよび重量を増大させずに、必要に応じてより大きな窓を採用することが可能となる。
この発明は航空機の窓に関連して記載されてきたが、複合パネルが用いられ得るバス、列車、船などの他の形態の移動プラットフォーム、または、軽量の窓が必要とされる固定された構造にこの発明を組込み得ることが理解されるだろう。
この発明の説明は本質的には単に例示的なものであり、このため、この発明の要点から逸脱することのない変形例は、この発明の範囲内にあることが意図される。このような変形例は、この発明の精神および範囲から逸脱するものと見なされるべきではない。
透明な外皮パネルがこの発明の原理にしたがって構築されている航空機の前部を示す部分図である。 図1の矢印2−2の方向に沿った、透明な外皮パネルの側面断面図である。 図2の透明な外皮パネルを構築するのに用いられる材料を示す分解斜視図である。 図2の透明な外皮パネルの一部について、透明な外皮パネルの構築中における階層化と樹脂の流れとを示す断面図である。

Claims (9)

  1. 移動プラットホームにおいて用いるための透明な外皮パネルであって、
    少なくとも1枚の金属板であって、その金属板内に切欠きと、その切欠きの周囲に少なくとも1つの穿孔とを有する金属板と、
    前記少なくとも1枚の金属板と重ねて配置される繊維強化プリフォームと、
    前記少なくとも1枚の金属板と前記繊維強化プリフォームとを、前記切欠きと穿孔とを充填することにより一体的に結合して、繊維強化窓枠体を形成する樹脂と、
    を含む、外皮パネル。
  2. 前記金属板は、アルミニウムで構成される、請求項1に記載の外皮パネル。
  3. 前記金属板は、チタンで構成される、請求項1に記載の外皮パネル
  4. 記樹脂は前記少なくとも一つの金属板を完全に覆う、請求項1に記載の透明な外皮パネル。
  5. 一体的な透明単体窓枠体の配列を有する軽量飛行機体外皮パネルであって、
    中央の切り欠き部と複数の所定間隔孔を有する外周部分とを有する1枚の金属板と、
    1枚の金属シートに配置された繊維強化プリフォームであって、前記繊維強化プリフォームの繊維が前記中央の切り欠き部の周囲に沿って外皮パネルを強化するように、前記金属板の一つの寸法に渡って連続的に延びる繊維強化プリフォームと、
    前記プリフォームを少なくとも部分的に覆って前記窓枠体の少なくとも1つの外表面の一部を形成する前記金属板の一部と、
    前記プリフォームに浸すとともに、前記切り欠き部と前記金属シートの所定間隔孔とを充填し、前記透明な繊維強化窓枠体の重量を軽減する樹脂結合一体構造を持つ透明な外皮パネル部を備えた一体的な透明繊維強化窓枠体を形成する樹脂と、
    を含む軽量飛行機体外皮パネル。
  6. 前記プリフォームの反対側を覆う第2の金属板であって、集積的な金属、プリフォーム、金属の順の横断面構造を有する前記窓枠体の少なくとも1つの外表面の一部を形成する第2の金属板をさらに含む請求項5に記載の外皮パネル。
  7. 第2の金属シートに対して配置する第2繊維強化プリフォームと、
    第1金属シートと第2金属シートとの間に配置される第3の金属板であって、集積的な金属、プリフォーム、金属、プリフォーム、金属の横断面を有する前記窓枠体の少なくとも1つの一部を形成する第3金属板と、
    をさらに含む請求項6に記載の外皮パネル。
  8. 長手方向に間隔の空いた少なくとも2つの窓枠をさらに含む請求項5に記載の外皮パネル。
  9. 一体的な透明単体窓枠体の配列を有する軽量飛行機体外皮パネルであって、
    複数の中央切欠き部を有する第1の金属板であって、該中央切欠き部それぞれが、周辺部を有し、該周辺部それぞれが、周囲に間隔をあけて複数の離隔した穿孔部を有する第1金属板と、
    第1金属板に対して配置された繊維強化プリフォームであって、該第1金属板の1つの寸法にわたって連続的に延びて、それにより、繊維強化プリフォームの繊維が前記中央切り欠き部それぞれの前記外周部それぞれに沿って外皮パネルを強化する繊維強化プリフォームと、
    前記繊維強化プリフォームを少なくとも部分的に覆い、前記窓枠体それぞれの外表面の一部を形成する第1金属板の一部と、
    前記中央切欠き部それぞれを充填し、前記繊維強化プリフォームを浸し、前記第1金属板の前記外周部それぞれの穿孔部を充填し、それにより、前記外皮パネルの重量を軽減させて互いに長手方向に離隔した複数の透明な繊維強化窓枠体を有するとともに、所要レベルの構造強度を提供する一体的な外皮パネルを形成する透明な樹脂と、
    を含む軽量飛行機体外皮パネル。
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