JP4579939B2 - 活性炭の高純度化方法 - Google Patents
活性炭の高純度化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 291
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
ガス流通洗浄では、活性炭混合液に炭酸ガスを流通させ、活性炭の表面に吸着されている一種または二種以上のアルカリ金属元素含有化合物(以下、「アルカリ金属元素含有化合物」を「アルカリ不純物」という)を活性炭の表面から脱離させる。
活性炭分離工程では、炭酸ガスを流通させた後の活性炭混合液から活性炭を分離する。ここでの分離は、濾過(例えば、遠心分離濾過、加圧濾過)、自然沈降等の公知の固液分離手段を使用することができる。
製造した活性炭を前洗浄した後、炭酸ガス流通洗浄により高純度化した。このときの活性炭の製造方法、前洗浄、および炭酸ガス流通洗浄の詳細は、以下の通りである。
窒素気流中800℃、2時間の条件でフェノール樹脂を炭化して炭素質物質を得た。この炭素質物質25gと賦活剤である50gの水酸化カリウムを混合した後、窒素気流中、800℃、2時間の条件で炭素質物質の賦活処理を行って、活性炭を製造した。
製造した上記活性炭に500mlのイオン交換水を加え、当該イオン交換水と活性炭との混合物を5分間攪拌し、次いで、活性炭を濾過分離した。この濾過分離までの作業を2回繰り返した。
マグネティックスターラーを備えた容器中に前洗浄後の活性炭およびイオン交換水300mlを投入し、容器内のイオン交換水に管を挿入した。そして、スターラーの攪拌子の回転速度を300rpmに設定してイオン交換水を攪拌すると共に、管から150ml/minの流量で炭酸ガスを吐出させた。これら炭酸ガス流通(炭酸ガスの吐出)と攪拌とを60分間継続した。炭酸ガス流通後の液中のpHをpHメーター(堀場製作所社製「D−54SE」)で測定したところ、5.4であった。その後、濾過分離した活性炭に300mlのイオン交換水を加え、当該イオン交換水と活性炭との混合物を5分間攪拌し、次いで、活性炭を濾過分離した。
(比較例1)
実施例における炭酸ガス流通洗浄を水洗に変えた以外は実施例と同様にして、比較例1の活性炭の高純度化を行った。比較例1における水洗では、活性炭に500mlのイオン交換水を加え、当該イオン交換水と活性炭との混合物を5分間攪拌し、次いで、活性炭を濾過分離する一連の操作を8回繰り返した。
実施例における炭酸ガス流通洗浄を他の洗浄方法(強酸水溶液洗浄および水洗)に変えた以外は実施例と同様にして、比較例2の活性炭の高純度化を行った。比較例2における強酸水溶液洗浄では、活性炭に182mlの強酸水溶液(35質量%塩酸水溶液25mlと60℃イオン交換水157mlとの混合液)を加え、当該強酸水溶液と活性炭との混合物を45分間攪拌し、次いで、活性炭を濾過分離した。他方、水洗では、強酸水溶液洗浄後の活性炭に500mlのイオン交換水を加え、当該イオン交換水と活性炭との混合物を5分間攪拌し、次いで、活性炭を濾過分離する一連の操作を10回繰り返した。
1gの活性炭に10mlの濃硫酸および5mlの濃硝酸を加えた後、活性炭が完全に分解するまで350℃で加熱した。次いで、活性炭が分解した溶液にイオン交換水を加えて、全量100mlのカリウム定量用試料溶液を調製した。この試料溶液を原子吸光分析装置(日本ジャーレルアッシュ社製、Solaar M6 DUAL ZEEMAN)で分析して、活性炭におけるカリウムの濃度を定量した。
800cc/minで酸素が流通している1350℃の燃焼室内で、0.4gの活性炭を燃焼させ、この燃焼で生じたガスを燃焼室に直列接続した2本の吸収瓶内における20mlの0.01mol水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に吸収させた。この水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中の塩素濃度をイオンクロマトグラフィーにより分析して、活性炭における塩素濃度を定量した。
(1)実施例と比較例1との対比から、実施例では少ない水使用量でカリウム(アルカリ金属)量を低減できたことを確認できる。
(2)実施例と比較例2の比較から、両者のカリウム(アルカリ金属量)は同程度である。しかし、塩酸(強酸)を使用した比較例2では、活性炭を塩酸水溶液で洗浄した後に多量の水で洗浄したにもかかわらず、多量の塩素が活性炭に残存していたことを確認できる。
Claims (8)
- アルカリ金属元素含有化合物を吸着している活性炭が混合された液中に炭酸ガスを流通させるガス流通洗浄工程と、
前記ガス流通洗浄後に前記活性炭を分離する活性炭分離工程と
を有することを特徴とする活性炭の高純度化方法。 - 前記ガス流通洗浄における炭酸ガスの流通を前記液のpHが7.0未満になるまで行う請求項1に記載の活性炭の高純度化方法。
- 前記ガス流通洗浄における混合の前の活性炭が、アルカリ金属元素を質量基準で1000ppm以上有する請求項1または2に記載の活性炭の高純度化方法。
- 前記活性炭が、炭素質物質をアルカリ金属化合物で賦活処理して製造された活性炭である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の活性炭の高純度化方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の活性炭の高純度化方法を使用する高純度化工程を有する活性炭の製造方法。
- 請求項5に記載の活性炭の製造方法を使用する電気二重層キャパシタ用電極材料の製造方法。
- 請求項6に記載の電極材料の製造方法を使用する電気二重層キャパシタ用電極の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載の電極の製造方法を使用する電気二重層キャパシタの製造方法。
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US8784764B2 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2014-07-22 | Corning Incorporated | Methods for forming activated carbon material for high energy density ultracapacitors |
CN112456492B (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-02-11 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种活性炭的清洗方法 |
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JPH10149957A (ja) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-06-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 有機溶媒系電気二重層コンデンサ電極用活性炭の製造方法 |
JP2000128518A (ja) * | 1998-10-19 | 2000-05-09 | Petoca Ltd | 活性炭等の製造方法及びそれからの電気二重層キャパシタ |
JP2001163612A (ja) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-19 | Kuraray Chem Corp | 活性炭の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP2004083337A (ja) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-18 | Jfe Chemical Corp | 低灰分多孔質炭素材料、その製造方法および電気二重層コンデンサー |
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JPH10149957A (ja) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-06-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 有機溶媒系電気二重層コンデンサ電極用活性炭の製造方法 |
JP2000128518A (ja) * | 1998-10-19 | 2000-05-09 | Petoca Ltd | 活性炭等の製造方法及びそれからの電気二重層キャパシタ |
JP2001163612A (ja) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-19 | Kuraray Chem Corp | 活性炭の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP2004083337A (ja) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-18 | Jfe Chemical Corp | 低灰分多孔質炭素材料、その製造方法および電気二重層コンデンサー |
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