JP4572068B2 - 分流垂直型アンモニア変換器 - Google Patents
分流垂直型アンモニア変換器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4572068B2 JP4572068B2 JP2003384478A JP2003384478A JP4572068B2 JP 4572068 B2 JP4572068 B2 JP 4572068B2 JP 2003384478 A JP2003384478 A JP 2003384478A JP 2003384478 A JP2003384478 A JP 2003384478A JP 4572068 B2 JP4572068 B2 JP 4572068B2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 98
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 157
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
- C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
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- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
- B01J2208/00221—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
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- B01J2208/00805—Details of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00814—Details of the particulate material the particulate material being provides in prefilled containers
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00884—Means for supporting the bed of particles, e.g. grids, bars, perforated plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2208/023—Details
- B01J2208/024—Particulate material
- B01J2208/025—Two or more types of catalyst
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- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J2219/00018—Construction aspects
- B01J2219/0002—Plants assembled from modules joined together
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- B01J2219/00038—Processes in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
本発明は、固定床触媒域が二つの機械的に分離された触媒体積と並列で(in parallel)作動する二つのガス流に分かれて構成されている垂直型(vertical)固定床アンモニア変換器に関する。該設計は、垂直型放射状流設計と比べて触媒有効性に不利益がない様に、該床を通してガス流対触媒体積の比を維持している。その二つの体積は反応器外殻(shell)内で最適に配置出来るので、本発明は反応器の大きさを減少させるものである。触媒床およびガス流通路はガス流が各触媒体積を通って下方に向く様に構成されているので、有効でない触媒体積も触媒流動化の可能性も除去される。該設計は、従来技術の垂直型放射状固定床アンモニア変換器において良く知られている熱交換器および触媒床の通常の技術状態の配置を助長するものである。
同様の部分を言及するのに同じ参照番号が使用されている図面に関して、 図1は、本発明の一態様によるアンモニア変換器の垂直外殻102の中に配置された触媒域100を示している。ガス入口域108およびガス出口域110に夫々接近するために人道(manway:狭い抗道)104,106が用意されている。
102 垂直外殻
104 人道
106 人道
108 ガス入口域
110 ガス出口域
112 ハウジング
114 外殻管熱交換器
116 内側同心囲い板
118 外側同心囲い板
120 上部環状触媒体積
122 下部環状触媒体積
124 環状仕切板
126 触媒支持体
127 触媒支持体
128 スクリーン
129 スクリーン
130 環状上部排出プレナム
132 環状下部排出プレナム
134 環状底パネル
136 環状中間入口プレナム
138 環状排出通路
140 中間同心囲い板
142 外殻側流体入口
144 第一複数管
146 第二複数管
148 管
150 管用シート
152 管用シート
154 流入口
156 流出口
157 じゃま板
158 入口管
162 出口管
164 円錐環
166 支持用円錐環
200 触媒域
201 環帯
202 円錐支持体
204 複数の打ち抜き穴
206 複数の打ち抜き穴
300 一体化複数域垂直型アンモニア変換器
302 垂直円筒状外殻
304 ドーム形頂上部
306 ドーム形底部
308 第一触媒域
310 第二触媒域
312 第三触媒域
314 第四触媒域
316 入口ノズル
318 第一の段間熱交換器
320 冷却用流体入口管
322 冷却用流体出口管
324 人道
326 段間熱交換器
328 段間熱交換器
330 冷却用流体入口管
332 冷却用流体入口管
334 冷却用流体出口管
336 冷却用流体出口管
338,340,342 人道
Claims (20)
- 直立円筒状外殻を有する容器;
最上部および最下部の触媒域と少なくとも一つの中間触媒域を含み、該容器の中で垂直状に離れて空間のあいた複数の固定床触媒域;
少なくとも最上部および中間の触媒域であって、該触媒域からの流出ガスの段間冷却用の夫々の外殻管熱交換器の周りに同心状に配置された、前記の最上部および中間の触媒域;
最上部触媒域に配置された磁鉄鉱触媒、および中間および最下部触媒域に配置された高活性触媒;
を含む垂直型アンモニア変換器であって:
少なくとも中間触媒域が、少なくとも二つの機械的に分離された触媒床を含み、該少なくとも二つの機械的に分離された触媒床は、お互いに関して垂直状に配置され、それらの間に並列下方ガス分流を形成するように構成されている、垂直型アンモニア変換器。 - 最下部触媒域が、お互いに関して垂直状に配置され、それらの間に並列下方ガス分流を形成するように構成された少なくとも二つの機械的に分離された触媒床を含む請求項1の垂直型アンモニア変換器。
- 該直立円筒状外殻が該触媒域の長さに沿って実質的に均一な直径を有する請求項1の垂直型アンモニア変換器。
- 並列ガス流分割を行うため各触媒床を通過する夫々複数の導管を含む請求項1の垂直型アンモニア変換器。
- 並列ガス流分割を行うため触媒床のうち上の方の1つの周りに環状流通路(201)を含む請求項1の垂直型アンモニア変換器。
- 該少なくとも一つの中間触媒域及び該外殻管熱交換器がモジュール式(modular)予備組立品を含み、該外殻管熱交換器が、中央に配置された該少なくとも一つの中間触媒域の内側囲い板(シュラウド)を含む、
請求項1の垂直型アンモニア変換器。 - 直立円筒状外殻;
該外殻内で上部ガス入口域と下部ガス出口域との間に配置された少なくとも一つの固定床域であって、各体積を通して並列の下方ガス流を形成するように構成された上部と下部の触媒体積を含む少なくとも一つの固定床域;
中央に配置された外殻管熱交換器の周りの環帯に該触媒体積を配置する内側と外側の同心囲い板(シュラウド)により形成された該触媒体積用の環状ハウジング;
該環状ハウジングにおいて上部触媒体積と下部触媒体積との間に配置された仕切板;
該仕切板と上部触媒体積の下の触媒支持体との間に形成された上部排出プレナム;
該仕切板と下部触媒体積との間に形成された中間入口プレナム;
ガス入口域から上部触媒体積を過ぎて下部触媒体積の上の中間入口プレナムへと下方ガス流の一部を迂回させるためのガスバイパス;
下部触媒体積の下端にある触媒支持体の下の下部排出プレナム;
上部および下部排出プレナムと熱交換器への外殻側流体入口との間で流動連絡(流体連通)している排出通路;
ガス出口域と流動連絡している熱交換器からの外殻側流体出口:
を含むアンモニア変換器。 - ガスバイパスが、上部触媒体積と上部排出プレナムを通過する第一の複数の管を含む請求項7のアンモニア変換器。
- 中間入口プレナムと下部触媒体積を通過し上部排出プレナムと下部排出プレナムとの間を連絡させる第二の複数の管を含む請求項8のアンモニア変換器。
- 外側の囲い板が、直立円筒状外殻と外側囲い板の上端との間に固定された逆円錐型支持体に保持されており(depend from)、それにより、該上部ガス入口域と該下部ガス出口域の間にガス密封を形成する、請求項9のアンモニア変換器。
- 排出通路が、内側囲い板とより大きな直径を有する中間の同心囲い板との間の環帯を含む請求項7のアンモニア変換器。
- ガスバイパスが、外側囲い板と直立円筒状外殻との間の環帯を含み、そして、中間入口への外側囲い板中の複数の開口部を含む請求項7のアンモニア変換器。
- 外側囲い板が、直立円筒状外殻と外側囲い板の下端との間に固定された円錐型支持体上に支持されており、それにより、該上部ガス入口域と該下部ガス出口域の間にガス密封を形成する、請求項12のアンモニア変換器。
- 排出通路が、内側囲い板とそれより大きな直径を有し、かつ上部排出プレナムからの流体を受けるための複数の開口部をその中に有する中間同心囲い板との間の環帯を含む請求項13のアンモニア変換器。
- 固定床域が、円錐型支持体により直立円筒状外殻に保持されたモジュール式(modular)予備組立品を含む請求項13のアンモニア変換器。
- 触媒体積が触媒で充填されている請求項7のアンモニア変換器。
- 内側囲い板が外殻管熱交換器の外殻を形成する、請求項7のアンモニア変換器。
- 外側囲い板と容器の直立円筒状外殻との間に密封を含み、ガスが固定床域を迂回するのを防ぐ、請求項7のアンモニア変換器。
- 垂直型アンモニア変換器であって、
直立円筒状外殻を有する容器;及び
最下部の触媒域の上方で該容器に独立して支持された少なくとも一つの触媒域モジュールを含む、垂直状に離れて空間のあいた複数の固定床触媒域;
を含み;
該少なくとも一つの触媒域モジュールは、
外殻管熱交換器の外側の外殻に固定され、かつ、お互いに関して垂直状に配置された、少なくとも二つの機械的に分離された、環状の、軸流触媒床からの流出ガスの段間冷却用の、中央に配置された外殻管熱交換器;
同心状に配置された該少なくとも二つの触媒床の間の並列下方ガス分流用の通路;
容器の直立円筒状外殻の内径より小さい外径を有し、環状空間を画する外側囲い板;及び、
該少なくとも一つの触媒域モジュールの外側囲い板と、環状空間でのガス密封を形成し、かつ、該少なくとも一つの触媒域モジュールを支持する、容器の直立円筒状外殻との間の支持用円錐環
を含む、該垂直型アンモニア変換器。 - 該支持用円錐環が逆である、請求項19の垂直型アンモニア変換器。
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US10/065,759 US7081230B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Split-flow, vertical ammonia converter |
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JP4572068B2 true JP4572068B2 (ja) | 2010-10-27 |
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JP2003384478A Expired - Lifetime JP4572068B2 (ja) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-14 | 分流垂直型アンモニア変換器 |
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US (1) | US7081230B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1419813B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4572068B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1500731B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003254745B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0305192B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2440800C (ja) |
EG (1) | EG23468A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ528913A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2344077C2 (ja) |
SA (1) | SA03240377B1 (ja) |
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US7867460B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2011-01-11 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Efficiency of ammonia processes |
AU2016238957B2 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2018-09-13 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Split flow contactor |
US8197785B2 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2012-06-12 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Split flow contactor |
US8617270B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2013-12-31 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Systems and methods for improving ammonia synthesis efficiency |
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CN107213853A (zh) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-29 | 河南永大化工有限公司 | 一种实验室多段绝热固定床反应器 |
MX2018015211A (es) | 2016-06-21 | 2019-04-25 | Topsoe Haldor As | Convertidor de flujo axial/radial. |
AU2018218185B2 (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2022-08-25 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Isothermal reactor |
AR113648A1 (es) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-05-27 | Haldor Topsoe As | Convertidor de flujo axial adiabático |
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US10478794B1 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-11-19 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Bi-modal radial flow reactor |
EP3895793A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-20 | Casale Sa | An apparatus with a radial or axial-radial packed bed for processing a gas |
CN113477210A (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-08 | 江西全兴化工填料有限公司 | 方形网孔陶瓷规整填料 |
WO2023163798A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 | 2023-08-31 | SANsyco Consulting, LLC | Ammonia synthesis converter and method for small production units |
WO2023247713A1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | Topsoe A/S | Production of ammonia from synthesis gas with a large range of plant loads |
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CN1500731B (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
EP1419813B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
CN101773809A (zh) | 2010-07-14 |
CA2440800A1 (en) | 2004-05-15 |
JP2004168651A (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
AU2003254745B2 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
BR0305192A (pt) | 2004-08-31 |
US7081230B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 |
EP1419813A1 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
CA2440800C (en) | 2011-06-07 |
EG23468A (en) | 2005-10-22 |
CN1500731A (zh) | 2004-06-02 |
NZ528913A (en) | 2005-05-27 |
US20040096370A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
BR0305192B1 (pt) | 2013-09-10 |
SA03240377B1 (ar) | 2007-07-31 |
CN101773809B (zh) | 2012-03-07 |
RU2003133313A (ru) | 2005-04-20 |
RU2344077C2 (ru) | 2009-01-20 |
AU2003254745A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
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