JP4530398B2 - Sake and its production method - Google Patents

Sake and its production method Download PDF

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JP4530398B2
JP4530398B2 JP2003045426A JP2003045426A JP4530398B2 JP 4530398 B2 JP4530398 B2 JP 4530398B2 JP 2003045426 A JP2003045426 A JP 2003045426A JP 2003045426 A JP2003045426 A JP 2003045426A JP 4530398 B2 JP4530398 B2 JP 4530398B2
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sake
glucose
enzyme
taste
cold
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JP2004254507A (en
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研一 光永
徹 山内
彰二 垂水
康次郎 高橋
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Takara Shuzo Co Ltd
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Takara Shuzo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、特定の成分組成を有し、冷酒に適した清酒及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−218574公報
【非特許文献1】
「調味料 改訂食品事典6」(第6版)、第7〜8頁、(株)真珠書院、昭和63年9月10日発行
【非特許文献2】
「清酒の飲用温度と酒質の関係」、日本酒造組合中央会東北支部1999年製造技術研究発表会、第1〜8頁、野本秀正
【非特許文献3】
「清酒の飲用温度と酒質の関係(第2報)」、日本酒造組合中央会東北支部2000年製造技術研究発表会、第1〜8頁、野本秀正
甘味、酸味、苦味、塩味に対する人間の味覚は温度によって感じ方、強さが異なり、また、温度帯による味の強さの変化も異なる。甘味は体温、35〜37℃付近で最も強く感じ、それより低くなるほど、また高くなるほど弱く感じる。酸味は温度変化に関わりなく一定である。苦味、塩味は低い温度ほど強く感じ、温度が高くなるにつれて弱く感じる〔「調味料 改訂食品辞典6」(第6版)、第7〜8頁、(株)真珠書院、昭和63年9月10日発行〕。
【0003】
甘味、酸味、苦味、塩味はその組合せにより、その相乗効果、マスキング効果、対比効果によりそれぞれの味の感じ方が変化する。例えば、核酸系物質とグルタミン酸ナトリウムとの間には相乗効果があり、両者を混ぜた水溶液の旨味の強さはそれぞれ単独で使用した時より強く感じる。また、甘味に塩味を加えると対比効果により甘味を強く感じる。また、甘味と酸味の組合せでは、同じ甘味の強さでも酸味が少ないとより甘味を強く感じ、酸味が多いとより甘味を弱く感じる。
【0004】
清酒の甘味は、グルコースによるものが主であり、他に二糖類のマルトースやイソマルトース、更に種々のオリゴ糖等によるものである。酸味は、主に有機酸によるものであり、具体的には乳酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸等によるものである。苦味には、カルシウムやマグネシウム等のミネラル、イソロイシンやロイシン、ヒスチジン等のアミノ酸、また苦味ペプチド等が寄与している。塩味には、ナトリウムやカリウム等のミネラルが主体となっている。旨味には、グルタミン酸等のアミノ酸、ペプチド、タンパク質、また核酸系物質等が寄与している。このように清酒中には甘味、酸味、苦味、塩味、旨味を構成するさまざまな成分が存在するが、それらの成分のバランスにより味の感じ方が異なり、また温度帯によっても異なることになる。
【0005】
清酒を冷やして供する場合、いわゆる冷酒としての飲用においては、試作した清酒の各温度帯による官能評価により、酸度が低く糖分(直糖)の多い甘口の酒は冷やすことにより酸味と甘味のバランスがとれるという報告がある〔「清酒の飲用温度と酒質の関係」、日本酒造組合中央会東北支部1999年製造技術研究発表会、第1〜8頁、野本秀正;「清酒の飲用温度と酒質の関係(第2報)」、日本酒造組合中央会東北支部2000年製造技術研究発表会、第1〜8頁、野本秀正〕。しかしながら、具体的に冷酒にはどのような成分値が適しているかについては全く記述されていない。また、冷酒にはどのような成分値のバランスが適しているか、例えば糖分と酸度の比や糖分とエキス分の比についても全く記述されていない。
【0006】
近年、各種の酒類、とりわけ清酒においても品質の多様化が進んでおり、また、飲用季節ごと、春、夏用の冷酒や秋、冬用の燗酒などの商品も増加しつつある。燗酒として飲用する清酒については、どのような品質が適しているかについては既に詳細な報告がある(特開2001−218574公報)が、冷酒については検討されておらず、冷酒に適した品質の明確化が望まれていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記従来技術にかんがみ、多様化する嗜好に対応した冷酒に適した清酒及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明を概説すれば、本発明は清酒の仕込み法で酵素四段製造法を用いることにより得られる清酒であって、酵素四段に使用する酵素の少なくとも一部に、デンプン糖化力として5万U/gから20万U/gまでの酵素活性を有するデンプン糖化力の高い酵素を用い、アルコール分12.0%(v/v)〜14.0%(v/v)、直糖1.5%(w/v)〜2.5%(w/v)、グルコース1.4%(w/v)〜2.2%(w/v)、アミノ酸度0.8〜1.4の成分組成であり、かつ、エキス分が3.0%(w/v)〜4.0%(w/v)であって、グルコース/エキス分比が0.35〜0.55、更に酸度が0.6〜1.2であって、グルコース/酸度比が1.67〜3.33であることを特徴とする、5℃〜20℃の温度で飲用に供し、冷酒に適した清酒に関する。
【0009】
本発明者らは鋭意研究を行った結果、清酒中の各成分が冷酒の味のバランスに及ぼす影響を検討し、冷酒に適する各成分の範囲、また成分の組合せによる適切な成分比を明らかにすることにより目的にかなう冷酒に適した清酒の酒質を設計した。
【0010】
まず、冷酒に適する清酒の酒質要因として冷酒飲用の最適温度、各成分(アルコール分、エキス分、直糖、グルコース、アミノ酸度)の適切な含量を検討し決定した。更に、冷酒に適した清酒の酒質とするために、清酒を製造する方法において、酵素四段に使用する酵素として少なくとも一部にデンプン糖化力の高い酵素を用いることにより、すっきりした喉越しでまろやかな味わいの冷酒に適した清酒が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を具体的に説明する。
まず、本発明で冷酒の官能評価を行う場合の温度について検討した。ここでいう冷酒とする方法に特に限定はなく、通常の方法であれば良い。本発明では、5℃〜20℃の温度で飲用に供するものを冷酒とする。室温からほぼ5℃までの温度と定義(温度などの目安)を表1に示す。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0004530398
【0013】
(検討例1)
市販の清酒を用い、恒温槽で5℃、10℃、15℃の各温度に保った清酒をきき猪口に注ぎ、室温(18℃)で直ちに官能検査を行った。パネラー30名で実施した結果、冷酒として5℃での飲用が最適と評価したのが3人、10℃が最適と評価したのが21人、15℃が最適と評価したのが6人であった。この結果より、本発明の官能評価はすべて10℃で実施したが、前記したこれらの温度が本発明を限定するものではない。
【0014】
本発明におけるアルコール分、エキス分、直糖、グルコース、酸度、及びアミノ酸度の分析は、第四回改正国税庁所定分析法注解(平成5年2月20日、第四回改正版、財団法人日本醸造協会発行)を用いて行った。直糖の分析では還元末端を有する糖を分析しているので、グルコースが大部分を占めるが、グルコース以外の糖も定量されることになる。2糖オリゴ糖、3糖オリゴ糖等でも還元末端を有する還元糖であっても定量されることになる。
【0015】
本発明でいう清酒の特定成分を含有させる方法は、アルコール分、エキス分、直糖、グルコース、酸度、アミノ酸度の各成分値が範囲内に収まれば良く、特に限定はない。一例を挙げれば、通常の清酒醸造法(例えば、原料処理、仕込み、糖化・発酵、上槽、精製及び容器充てん工程)、アルコール分添加、糖類添加等酒税法に準じる方法で行えばよい。アルコール分12.0%(v/v)〜14.0%〈v/v)、直糖1.5%〈w/v〉〜2.5%(w/v)、グルコース1.4%〈w/v)〜2.2%(w/v)、アミノ酸度0.8〜1.4の成分組成である清酒が本発明であり、より好ましくは、該清酒のエキス分が3.0%(w/v)〜4.0%(w/v)であって、グルコース/エキス分比が0.35〜0.55、更に好ましくは0.42〜0.55である。グルコース/エキス分比が0.35未満であると味が薄くなり、グルコース/エキス分比が0.55超であると甘味が強く味がくどくなる。更にまた、より好ましくは、該清酒の酸度が0.6〜1.2であって、グルコース/酸度比1.67〜3.33である。グルコース/酸度比が1.67未満であると酸味が強く浮いてしまい、グルコース/酸度比が3.33超であると甘味が強く浮いてしまうことになる。グルコース/エキス分比、グルコース/酸度比を冷酒に適した清酒の酒質の範囲にするためには、清酒の仕込み法で酸素四段製造法を用いることにより達成することができる。通常の酵素四段に使用する酵素は、液化酵素とその他の酵素との組合せにより行うが、本発明では、酵素四段に使用する酵素として少なくとも一部にデンプン糖化力の高い酵素を用いることが特徴である。デンプン糖化力の高い酵素とは、デンプン糖化力として5万U/gから20万U/gまでの酵素活性を有するものである。液化酵素とデンプン糖化力の高い酵素とを併用して用いることが好ましい。
α−アミラーゼを主とする液化酵素としては、例えばコクゲンL(大和化成株式会社製、デンプン液化力6.8万U/g、α−アミラーゼ77%含有)が挙げられ、デンプン糖化力の高い酵素、グルコアミラーゼ含量の高い糖化酵素としては、例えばマグナツクスJW−101(洛東化成工業株式会社製、デンプン液化力10万U/g、デンプン糖化力5万U/g、グルコアミラーゼ60%、α−アミラーゼ20%含有)、コクゲンG20(大和化成株式会社製、デンプン糖化力17万6千U/g、グルコアミラーゼ75%含有)等が挙げられる。非発酵性オリゴ糖を生成させるためにトランスグルコシダーゼを主とする酵素として、例えばTG−B(天野製薬株式会社製、トランスグルコシダーゼカ30万U/g、デンプン液化力5万U/g、デンプン糖化力0.1万U/g)等を併用して用いることもできる。デンプン液化力はα−アミラーゼ力であり、デンプン糖化力はグルコアミラーゼ力であり、共に第四回改正国税庁所定分析法注解(平成5年2月20日、第四回改正版、財団法人日本醸造協会発行)に記載の酵素活性方法に準じた値を示している。
【0016】
酵素四段に使用する酵素量は、四段米1kgに対してデンプン糖化力30,000U以上あればよい。四段米1kgに対してデンプン糖化力30,000U未満であれば、本発明に必要となる十分なグルコースの生成量を達成することはできない。マグナックスJW−101は、強い糖化力があり(デンプン糖化力5万U/g)、また、液化力とのバランスに優れ、その使用量により四段におけるグルコースの生成量を調整できるという特徴があるので、特に好適に用いることができる。酵素四段に使用する酵素として、液化酵素主体のコクゲンLとデンプン糖化力の高いマグナックスJW−101とを併用することにより、上槽酒のグルコース含量、直糖含量を調整することができ、すっきりした喉越しでまろやかな味わいの冷酒に適した清酒の酒質設計が可能となる。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0018】
実施例1(アルコール分が冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分15.0%(v/v)、酸度0.8、アミノ酸度0.8、エキス分3.5%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それを割水してアルコール分11.0、12.0、13.0、14.0及び15.0%(v/v)のモデル清酒を得た。アルコール分以外は基本清酒に水飴、酸度調整液(コハク酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸混合液)、アミノ酸混合液を添加して同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。結果を表2に示す。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0004530398
【0020】
表2より、アルコール分13.0%(v/v)のときが、冷酒として、すっきりして、味のバランスが良いというように最も高い評価を得た。アルコール分12.0%(v/v)では、やや薄いが、すっきりしてバランスは良い、14.0%(v/v)では、辛口であるが、味のバランスは良いという評価であり、アルコール分12.0%(v/v)〜14.0%(v/v)の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0021】
実施例2(エキス分が冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分12.5%(v/v)、酸度0.8、アミノ酸度0.8、エキス分2.3%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それに水飴を添加してエキス分2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0及び4.5%(w/v)のモデル清酒を得た。エキス分以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。
結果を表3に示す。
【0022】
【表3】
Figure 0004530398
【0023】
表3より、エキス分3.5%〈w/v〉のときが、冷酒として、味のバランスが良い、すっきりしている、まろやかであるというように最も高い評価を得た。エキス分2.5%(w/v)では、やや薄辛いが、すっきりしている、3.0%(w/v)では、味のバランスがよい、すっきりしている、4.0%(w/v)では、味のバランスが良いが、ややくどいといった評価であり、エキス分2.5%(w/v)〜4.0%(w/v)、好ましくは3.0%(w/v)〜4.0%(w/v)の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0024】
実施例3(直糖が冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分12.5%(v/v)、酸度0.8、アミノ酸度0.8、直糖1.0%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それに水飴を添加して直糖分1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5及び3.0%(w/v)のモデル清酒を得た。エキス分、直糖以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。結果を表4に示す。
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 0004530398
【0026】
表4より、直糖2.0%(w/v)のときが、冷酒として、味のバランスが良く、まろやかであるというように最も高い評価を得た。直糖1.5%(w/v)では、やや味が薄いが、味のバランスは良い、2.5%(w/v)では、やや甘いが、味のバランスは良いといった評価であり、直糖1.5%(w/v)〜2.5%(w/v)の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0027】
実施例4(グルコースが冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分12.5%(v/v)、酸度0.8、アミノ酸度0.8、グルコース0.6%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それに濃縮グルコース溶液を添加してグルコース1.0、1.4、1.8、2.2及び2.6%(w/v)のモデル清酒を得た。エキス分、グルコース以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。結果を表5に示す。
【0028】
【表5】
Figure 0004530398
【0029】
表5より、グルコース1.8%(w/v)のときが、冷酒として、甘味のバランスが良い、味がまろやかであるというように最も高い評価を得た。グルコース1.4%(w/v)では、甘味がやや薄いが、バランスはとれている、2.2%(w/v)では、やや甘味が強いが、バランスはとれているといった評価であり、グルコース1.4%(w/v)〜2.2%(w/v)の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0030】
実施例5(アミノ酸度が冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分12.5%(v/v)、酸度0.8、アミノ酸度0.6、エキス分3.5%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それにアミノ酸混合液を添加してアミノ酸度0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4及び1.6のモデル清酒を得た。アミノ酸度以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。結果を表6に示す。
【0031】
【表6】
Figure 0004530398
【0032】
表6より、アミノ酸度1.0のときが、冷酒として、味わいがあり、味のバランスが良い、1.2のときが、味にコクがあり、味のバランスが良いという高い評価を得た。アミノ酸度0.8では、味のバランスは良い、1.4では、ややくどいが、味のバランスは良いといった評価であり、アミノ酸度0.8〜1.4の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0033】
実施例6(グルコース/エキス分比が冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分12.5%(v/v)、酸度0.8、アミノ酸度0.8、グルコース0.6%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それに醸造用アルコール、濃縮グルコース溶液を添加して各種グルコース/エキス分比のモデル清酒を得た。アルコール分、エキス分、グルコース以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。結果を表7に示す。
【0034】
【表7】
Figure 0004530398
【0035】
表7より、グルコース/エキス分比0.49のときが、冷酒として、味のバランスが良く、まろやかであるというように最も高い評価を得た。グルコース/エキス分比0.35では、味がやや薄いが、バランスはとれている、0.55ではやや甘味が強いが、バランスは良い、味が丸いといった評価であり、グルコース/エキス分比0.35〜0.55、好ましくは0.42〜0.55の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0036】
実施例7(グルコース/酸度比が冷酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
基本清酒〔アルコール分12.5%(v/v)、酸度0.6、アミノ酸度0.8、グルコース2.0%(w/v)〕をベースとし、それに酸度調整液(コハク酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸混合液)を添加して各種グルコース/酸度比のモデル清酒を得た。酸度以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値とした。それぞれの清酒を10℃に冷やしておき、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて官能評価試験を行った。官能評価試験は2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー22名の合計値で示した。結果を表8に示す。
【0037】
【表8】
Figure 0004530398
【0038】
表8より、グルコース/酸度比2.50のときが、冷酒として、甘酸のバランスが非常に良い、味わいがなめらかであるといった最も高い評価を得た。グルコース/酸度比1.67では、やや酸味を感じるが、バランスは良い、3.33では、やや甘味が浮くが、甘酸のバランスは良いといった評価であり、グルコース/酸度比1.67〜3.33の範囲が冷酒に適した清酒であることが明らかとなった。
【0039】
実施例8(清酒の製造)
掛米は精米歩合75%(w/w)の白米を用い、常法に従って洗米、浸漬、蒸きょうして蒸米を得た。麹米は精米歩合75%(w/w)の白米を用い、蒸米としてその蒸米に清酒に通常用いられる清酒用麹菌(種もやし)を接種して46時間製麹し、麹を製造した。これらの原料を用い、また酵母は協会酵母701号を使用し、表9に示す仕込配合にて水麹後、初添、仲添、留添の三段仕込を実施した。醪品温は10〜15℃とし、留後19日目に四段、アル添を行い上槽した。四段は、常法に従って、蒸米に汲水歩合150%となるように仕込水を加え、酵素剤として液化酵素であるコクゲンL(大和化成株式会社製)1.69gと糖化酵素であるマグナックスJW−101(洛東化成工業株式会社製)2.25gを用いて55℃、一昼夜保温にて調製したものを試験区として使用した。
対照区として、同様に仕込みを行い、酵素剤として液化酵素であるコクゲンL(大和化成株式会社製)1.69gと非発酵性オリゴ糖生成酵素であるトランスグルコシダーゼを主とするTG−B(天野製薬株式会社製)2.25gを用いて四段を調製し、その四段醪を用いてアル添後上槽した。
【0040】
【表9】
Figure 0004530398
【0041】
この試験醸造で得られた試験区と対照区の醪を圧搾して上槽酒を得た後、活性炭処理・ろ過、火入れ、貯蔵熟成、精製し、更に割水、火入れして清酒を調製した。得られた試験区と対照区の清酒について実施例1と同様の方法で官能評価試験を行った。本発明清酒の成分分析値及び官能評価試験結果を表10に示す。また、対照清酒の成分分析値及び官能評価試験結果を表11に示す。
【0042】
【表10】
Figure 0004530398
【0043】
【表11】
Figure 0004530398
【0044】
表10、表11の結果より、本発明の清酒は、対照の清酒に比べて、冷酒として、味のバランスが良く、まろやかである、甘酸のバランスが良く、すっきりしているという評価を得た。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の清酒は、冷酒として、味のバランス、甘酸のバランスに優れており、すっきりした喉越しでまろやかな味わいの冷酒に適した清酒である。更に、冷酒に適した清酒の酒質とするためには、清酒を製造する方法において、酵素四段に使用する酵素として少なくとも一部にデンプン糖化力の高い糖化酵素を用いることにより、目的とする冷酒に適した清酒を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sake having a specific component composition and suitable for cold sake, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-218574 A [Non-Patent Document 1]
"Seasoning Revised Food Dictionary 6" (6th edition), pages 7-8, published by Pearl Shoin Co., Ltd., September 10, 1988 [Non-patent Document 2]
“Relationship between drinking temperature and quality of sake”, Japan Sake Brewery Association Central Association Tohoku Branch, 1999 Production Technology Research Presentation, 1-8, Hidemasa Nomoto [Non-Patent Document 3]
"Relationship between drinking temperature and quality of sake (2nd report)", Japan Sake Brewery Association Chuokai Tohoku Branch 2000 Manufacturing Technology Research Presentation, pages 1-8, Hidemasa Nomoto sweetness, sourness, bitterness, salty taste The sense of taste and strength differ depending on the temperature, and the change in the strength of the taste depends on the temperature range. Sweetness feels most intense at around body temperature, 35 to 37 ° C., and it feels weaker as it becomes lower and higher. The sourness is constant regardless of temperature changes. Bitterness and saltiness feel stronger at lower temperatures and weaker as the temperature rises ["Seasoning Revised Food Dictionary 6" (6th edition), pages 7-8, Pearl Shoin Co., Ltd., September 10, 1988 Issued].
[0003]
Sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and salty taste change how they are tasted by their synergistic effects, masking effects, and contrast effects. For example, there is a synergistic effect between the nucleic acid substance and sodium glutamate, and the strength of the umami of the aqueous solution in which both are mixed feels stronger than when used alone. Moreover, when salty taste is added to sweetness, sweetness is strongly felt by the contrast effect. In addition, with the combination of sweetness and sourness, even if the sweetness is the same, the sweetness feels stronger when the acidity is less, and the sweetness feels weaker when the acidity is higher.
[0004]
The sweetness of refined sake is mainly due to glucose, and also due to disaccharides such as maltose and isomaltose, and various oligosaccharides. The sourness is mainly due to organic acids, and specifically due to lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid and the like. Minerals such as calcium and magnesium, amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine, and histidine, and bitter peptides contribute to the bitterness. The salty taste is mainly composed of minerals such as sodium and potassium. Amino acids such as glutamic acid, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid substances contribute to umami. As described above, various components constituting sweetness, sourness, bitterness, salty taste, and umami exist in sake, but the way of taste varies depending on the balance of these components, and also varies depending on the temperature range.
[0005]
In the case of drinking sake as a cold sake, the soured sake with a low acidity and high sugar content (straight sugar) has a good balance between sourness and sweetness. [Relationship between drinking temperature and quality of sake], Japan Sake Brewery Association Chuokai Tohoku Branch, 1999 Manufacturing Technology Research Presentation, pages 1-8, Hidemasa Nomoto; “Sake drinking temperature and quality (2nd report), Japan Brewery Association Chuokai Tohoku Branch 2000 Manufacturing Technology Research Presentation, pages 1-8, Hidemasa Nomoto]. However, it is not described at all what specific component values are suitable for cold sake. Moreover, it is not described at all what component value balance is suitable for cold sake, such as the ratio of sugar to acidity or the ratio of sugar to extract.
[0006]
In recent years, various types of liquors, especially sake, have been diversified in quality, and products such as cold liquor for spring and summer, and sake for fall and winter are increasing. As for sake that is drunk as sake, there is a detailed report on what kind of quality is suitable (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-218574), but cold sake has not been studied and the quality suitable for cold sake has been clearly defined. It was hoped that
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a sake that is suitable for cold sake corresponding to diversifying tastes and a method for producing the same.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
If outlined present invention, the onset Ming, a sake obtained by using the enzyme 4-dan preparation in charging method of sake, at least a portion of the enzyme to be used in the four-stage enzyme, as starch saccharification force Using an enzyme having an enzymatic activity from 50,000 U / g to 200,000 U / g and having a high starch saccharifying power, the alcohol content is 12.0% (v / v) to 14.0% (v / v). 1.5% (w / v) to 2.5% (w / v), glucose 1.4% (w / v) to 2.2% (w / v), amino acid degree 0.8 to 1.4 And the extract content is 3.0% (w / v) to 4.0% (w / v), the glucose / extract ratio is 0.35 to 0.55 , and the acidity 0.6 to 1.2, and the glucose / acidity ratio is 1.67 to 3.33. And sake related to cold sake.
[0009]
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors examined the influence of each component in sake on the balance of the taste of cold sake, and revealed the range of each component suitable for cold sake and the appropriate component ratio by combination of components. The sake quality of sake that is suitable for cold sake for the purpose was designed.
[0010]
First, the optimal temperature for drinking cold sake and the appropriate content of each component (alcohol content, extract content, straight sugar, glucose, amino acid content) were determined and determined as sake quality factors for sake that is suitable for cold sake. Furthermore, in order to obtain a sake quality suitable for cold sake, in the method for producing sake, the enzyme used in the four stages of the enzyme is at least partially used with an enzyme having a high starch saccharification power, so that it can be refreshed over the throat. The present inventors have found that sake that is suitable for cold sake with a mild taste can be obtained.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be specifically described below.
First, the temperature when performing sensory evaluation of cold sake in the present invention was examined. There is no limitation in particular in the method made into cold sake here, and what is necessary is just a normal method. In the present invention, cold drink is used for drinking at a temperature of 5 ° C to 20 ° C. Table 1 shows the temperature from room temperature to about 5 ° C and the definition (standard of temperature, etc.).
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004530398
[0013]
(Examination example 1)
Using commercially available sake, the sake kept at 5 ° C., 10 ° C., and 15 ° C. in a constant temperature bath was poured into the brewery and immediately subjected to a sensory test at room temperature (18 ° C.). As a result of 30 panelists, 3 people evaluated drinking at 5 ° C as optimal as cold drinks, 21 people evaluated that 10 ° C was optimal, and 6 people rated 15 ° C as optimal. It was. From these results, all the sensory evaluations of the present invention were performed at 10 ° C., but these temperatures described above do not limit the present invention.
[0014]
The analysis of alcohol content, extract content, straight sugar, glucose, acidity, and amino acid content in the present invention was carried out in accordance with the fourth revision of the NTA-specified analysis method (February 20, 1993, the fourth revised edition, Japan Brewing association). In the analysis of straight sugar, since sugar having a reducing end is analyzed, glucose occupies most, but sugar other than glucose is also quantified. Even disaccharide oligosaccharides, trisaccharide oligosaccharides, and the like, which are reducing sugars having a reducing end, are quantified.
[0015]
The method of containing the specific component of sake as used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as each component value of alcohol, extract, straight sugar, glucose, acidity, and amino acid content is within the range. For example, it may be carried out by a method according to the liquor tax law, such as a normal sake brewing method (for example, raw material processing, preparation, saccharification / fermentation, upper tank, purification and container filling step), addition of alcohol, addition of sugars and the like. Alcohol content 12.0% (v / v) to 14.0% <v / v), straight sugar 1.5% <w / v> to 2.5% (w / v), glucose 1.4% < w / v) to 2.2% (w / v), sake with a component composition of 0.8 to 1.4 is the present invention, more preferably, the extract of the sake is 3.0% (W / v) to 4.0% (w / v), and the glucose / extract ratio is 0.35 to 0.55, more preferably 0.42 to 0.55. If the glucose / extract ratio is less than 0.35, the taste becomes light, and if the glucose / extract ratio is more than 0.55, the sweetness is strong and the taste becomes dull. More preferably, the sake has an acidity of 0.6 to 1.2 and a glucose / acidity ratio of 1.67 to 3.33. When the glucose / acidity ratio is less than 1.67, the sourness is strongly floated, and when the glucose / acidity ratio is more than 3.33, the sweetness is strongly floated. In order to bring the glucose / extract ratio and the glucose / acidity ratio into the range of sake quality suitable for cold sake, it can be achieved by using a four-stage oxygen production method as a method for preparing sake. The enzyme used in the normal four-stage enzyme is a combination of a liquefaction enzyme and another enzyme. In the present invention, an enzyme having a high starch saccharifying power is used as an enzyme used in the four-stage enzyme. It is a feature. An enzyme having a high starch saccharifying power is an enzyme having a starch saccharifying power of 50,000 U / g to 200,000 U / g. It is preferable to use a liquefying enzyme and an enzyme having high starch saccharifying power in combination.
Examples of the liquefying enzyme mainly comprising α-amylase include Kokugen L (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., starch liquefaction power 68,000 U / g, containing α-amylase 77%), and an enzyme having high starch saccharification power. Examples of the saccharifying enzyme having a high glucoamylase content include, for example, Magnax JW-101 (manufactured by Nitto Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., starch liquefaction power 100,000 U / g, starch saccharification power 50,000 U / g, glucoamylase 60%, α- Amylase 20%), Kokugen G20 (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., starch saccharification power 176,000 U / g, glucoamylase 75% contained) and the like. As an enzyme mainly composed of transglucosidase for producing non-fermentable oligosaccharides, for example, TG-B (Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., transglucosidase 300,000 U / g, starch liquefaction power 50,000 U / g, starch saccharification Force of 10,000 U / g) can be used in combination. The starch liquefaction power is α-amylase power, and the starch saccharification power is glucoamylase power. Both are commented on the 4th revision of the National Tax Agency's analysis method (February 20, 1993, 4th revised edition, Nippon Brewing The value according to the enzyme activity method described in the association) is shown.
[0016]
The amount of enzyme used in the four-stage enzyme may be saccharifying power of 30,000 U or more per 1 kg of four-stage rice. If the starch saccharification power is less than 30,000 U with respect to 1 kg of four-stage rice, it is not possible to achieve a sufficient amount of glucose required for the present invention. Magnax JW-101 has a strong saccharification power (starch saccharification power 50,000 U / g), is well balanced with liquefaction power, and can adjust the amount of glucose produced in the four stages depending on the amount used. Therefore, it can be used particularly preferably. As the enzyme used in the four stages of the enzyme, by using Kokugen L mainly composed of liquefaction enzyme and Magnax JW-101, which has a high starch saccharification power, the glucose content and straight sugar content of the upper liquor can be adjusted. The sake quality can be designed to be suitable for cold sake with a refreshing throat and a mild taste.
[0017]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0018]
Example 1 (Examination of the effect of alcohol content on the taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake (alcohol content 15.0% (v / v), acidity 0.8, amino acid content 0.8, extract content 3.5% (w / v)) 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0 and 15.0% (v / v) model sake were obtained. Except for the alcohol content, syrup, acidity adjusting solution (succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid mixed solution), and amino acid mixed solution were added to basic sake to obtain the same component values. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004530398
[0020]
From Table 2, when the alcohol content was 13.0% (v / v), the highest evaluation was obtained that the cold sake was refreshed and the taste balance was good. Alcohol content of 12.0% (v / v) is a little thin, but it is refreshing and has a good balance. At 14.0% (v / v), it is dry, but the taste balance is good. It was revealed that the alcohol content in the range of 12.0% (v / v) to 14.0% (v / v) is a sake that is suitable for cold sake.
[0021]
Example 2 (Examination of the effect of extract on taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake [alcohol content 12.5% (v / v), acidity 0.8, amino acid content 0.8, extract content 2.3% (w / v)], syrup is added to the extract content 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5% (w / v) model sake was obtained. Except for the extract, the component values were the same as those for basic sake. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists.
The results are shown in Table 3.
[0022]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004530398
[0023]
From Table 3, when the extract content was 3.5% <w / v>, the highest evaluation was obtained as cold sake with a good balance of taste, cleanness, and mellowness. At 2.5% (w / v) extract, it is a little light but refreshing. At 3.0% (w / v), the taste is well balanced and clean. 4.0% ( In the case of w / v), the taste balance is good, but it is a little bit crunchy, and the extract content is 2.5% (w / v) to 4.0% (w / v), preferably 3.0% (w / V) to 4.0% (w / v) was found to be sake that was suitable for cold sake.
[0024]
Example 3 (Examination of the effect of straight sugar on the taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake [alcohol content 12.5% (v / v), acidity 0.8, amino acid content 0.8, straight sugar 1.0% (w / v)], and syrup is added to it. 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% (w / v) model sake was obtained. Except for the extract and straight sugar, the component values were the same as those for basic sake. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004530398
[0026]
From Table 4, the highest evaluation was obtained as when the sugar was 2.0% (w / v), the taste balance was good and mellow as cold sake. At 1.5% (w / v) straight sugar, the taste is slightly weak, but the taste balance is good. At 2.5% (w / v), the taste is slightly sweet, but the taste balance is good. It became clear that the range of 1.5% (w / v) to 2.5% (w / v) of straight sugar is a sake that is suitable for cold sake.
[0027]
Example 4 (Examination of the effect of glucose on the taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake [alcohol content 12.5% (v / v), acidity 0.8, amino acidity 0.8, glucose 0.6% (w / v)], a concentrated glucose solution was added to the glucose 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2 and 2.6% (w / v) model sake were obtained. Except for the extract and glucose, the component values were the same as those for basic sake. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0028]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004530398
[0029]
From Table 5, when the glucose was 1.8% (w / v), the highest evaluation was obtained as cold sake with a good balance of sweetness and mild taste. At glucose 1.4% (w / v), the sweetness is slightly light but balanced. At 2.2% (w / v), the sweetness is slightly strong but balanced. It was revealed that glucose in the range of 1.4% (w / v) to 2.2% (w / v) is a sake that is suitable for cold sake.
[0030]
Example 5 (Examination of the effect of amino acid content on the taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake [alcohol content 12.5% (v / v), acidity 0.8, amino acid content 0.6, extract content 3.5% (w / v)], add amino acid mixture to it Model sakes with amino acid degrees of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 were obtained. The component values were the same as those of basic sake except for the amino acid content. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0031]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004530398
[0032]
From Table 6, when the amino acid degree is 1.0, the cold sake has a good taste and a good balance of the taste, and when 1.2, the taste is rich and the taste has a good balance. . An amino acid degree of 0.8 is a good balance of taste, 1.4 is a little bit cruel, but a good balance of taste, and an amino acid degree of 0.8 to 1.4 is a sake that is suitable for cold sake. It became clear that there was.
[0033]
Example 6 (Examination of the effect of glucose / extract ratio on the taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake (alcohol content 12.5% (v / v), acidity 0.8, amino acid degree 0.8, glucose 0.6% (w / v)), brewing alcohol and concentrated glucose solution It was added to obtain model sake with various glucose / extract ratios. Except for the alcohol content, extract content, and glucose, the component values were the same as those for basic sake. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0034]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004530398
[0035]
From Table 7, when the glucose / extract ratio was 0.49, the highest evaluation was obtained as cold sake with a good balance of taste and mellowness. At a glucose / extract ratio of 0.35, the taste is slightly light but balanced, and at 0.55 it is slightly sweet, but the balance is good, the taste is round, and the glucose / extract ratio is 0. A range of .35 to 0.55, preferably 0.42 to 0.55, was found to be sake that is suitable for cold sake.
[0036]
Example 7 (Examination of the effect of glucose / acidity ratio on the taste of cold sake)
Based on basic sake (alcohol content 12.5% (v / v), acidity 0.6, amino acid degree 0.8, glucose 2.0% (w / v)), and acidity adjusting solution (succinic acid, lactic acid) , Malic acid mixed solution) was added to obtain model sake with various glucose / acidity ratios. Except for acidity, the component values were the same as those for basic sake. Each sake was cooled to 10 ° C., and a sensory evaluation test was conducted at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a throat. The sensory evaluation test was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and indicated by the total value of 22 panelists. The results are shown in Table 8.
[0037]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004530398
[0038]
From Table 8, when the glucose / acidity ratio was 2.50, the highest evaluation was obtained that, as cold sake, the balance of sweet acid was very good and the taste was smooth. At the glucose / acidity ratio of 1.67, the acidity is slightly felt, but the balance is good. At 3.33, the sweetness is slightly lifted, but the sweet acid balance is good, and the glucose / acidity ratio is 1.67-3. It became clear that the range of 33 is the sake suitable for cold sake.
[0039]
Example 8 (Production of sake)
Kake rice was white rice with a milling ratio of 75% (w / w), and was washed, soaked and steamed according to conventional methods to obtain steamed rice. The polished rice was 75% (w / w) of polished rice, and the steamed rice was inoculated with koji mold (seed sprouts) for sake, which was usually used for sake, and koji was produced for 46 hours. These raw materials were used, and the yeast used was Association Yeast No. 701. After the elutriation with the charging composition shown in Table 9, the three-stage charging of initial addition, intermediate addition, and distillation was performed. The product temperature was 10 to 15 ° C., and on the 19th day after the distillation, four stages of al addition were performed and the upper tank was added. According to the usual method, the feed water is added to steamed rice so that the ratio of the pumped water is 150%, and 1.69 g of liquefaction enzyme Kokugen L (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.) and magnax, saccharifying enzyme A test piece prepared by using 2.25 g of JW-101 (manufactured by Toto Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at 55 ° C. and kept warm all day and night was used.
As a control group, TG-B (Amano), which is prepared in the same manner and contains mainly 1.69 g of liquefied enzyme, Kokugen L (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.) and transglucosidase, which is a non-fermentable oligosaccharide-forming enzyme, is used as an enzyme agent. Four stages were prepared using 2.25 g (manufactured by Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), and the upper tank was added after al addition using the four-stage bowl.
[0040]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004530398
[0041]
After squeezing the koji from the test zone and the control zone obtained in this test brewing to obtain an upper tank liquor, the activated carbon treatment / filtration, firing, storage aging, purification, and further water splitting, firing were used to prepare sake. . A sensory evaluation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 for the sake obtained in the test group and the control group. Table 10 shows component analysis values and sensory evaluation test results of the present sake. In addition, Table 11 shows component analysis values and sensory evaluation test results of the control sake.
[0042]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004530398
[0043]
[Table 11]
Figure 0004530398
[0044]
From the results of Tables 10 and 11, the sake of the present invention has an evaluation that it has a good balance of taste and mellowness, and a good balance of sweet acid, as compared to the control sake. .
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the sake of the present invention is a sake that is excellent in the balance of taste and the balance of sweet acid as a cold sake and is suitable for a cold sake with a refreshing throat and a mild taste. Furthermore, in order to make the sake quality of sake suitable for cold sake, in the method for producing sake, the objective is to use at least part of the saccharifying enzyme having high starch saccharifying power as the enzyme used in the four stages of the enzyme. Sake that is suitable for cold sake can be obtained.

Claims (1)

清酒の仕込み法で酵素四段製造法を用いることにより得られる清酒であって、酵素四段に使用する酵素の少なくとも一部に、デンプン糖化力として5万U/gから20万U/gまでの酵素活性を有するデンプン糖化力の高い酵素を用い、アルコール分12.0%(v/v)〜14.0%(v/v)、直糖1.5%(w/v)〜2.5%(w/v)、グルコース1.4%(w/v)〜2.2%(w/v)、アミノ酸度0.8〜1.4の成分組成であり、かつ、エキス分が3.0%(w/v)〜4.0%(w/v)であって、グルコース/エキス分比が0.35〜0.55、更に酸度が0.6〜1.2であって、グルコース/酸度比が1.67〜3.33であることを特徴とする、5℃〜20℃の温度で飲用に供し、冷酒に適した清酒。 A sake obtained by using a four-stage enzyme production method in a method for preparing sake, and at least part of the enzyme used in the four-stage enzyme has a saccharification power of 50,000 U / g to 200,000 U / g. Using an enzyme having a high saccharifying ability and having an enzyme activity of 12.0% (v / v) to 14.0% (v / v) and 1.5% (w / v) straight sugar. The composition is 5% (w / v), glucose 1.4% (w / v) to 2.2% (w / v), amino acid degree 0.8 to 1.4, and the extract content is 3 0.0% (w / v) to 4.0% (w / v), the glucose / extract ratio is 0.35-0.55 , and the acidity is 0.6-1.2, Sake with a glucose / acidity ratio of 1.67 to 3.33 and suitable for cold sake, which is used for drinking at a temperature of 5 ° C. to 20 ° C.
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JPH0568530A (en) * 1991-03-19 1993-03-23 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Low-alcohol refined rice wine (sake) and its production
JPH0767615A (en) * 1993-09-03 1995-03-14 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Japanese sake brewed from pure rice and its production
JPH07322872A (en) * 1991-03-19 1995-12-12 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Production of low-alcohol sake
JPH10108661A (en) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-28 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Production of refined rice wine (sake)
JP2001204457A (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-07-31 Ozeki Corp Method for producing refined sake having low alcohol content
JP2001218574A (en) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-14 Takara Shuzo Co Ltd Refined japanese wine (sake)
JP2001275647A (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-09 Tamagawa Shuzo Kk Sparkling low alcohol sake and method for producing the same
JP2002142747A (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-21 Nagasaki Prefecture Method for producing low alcoholic refined sake
JP2002191348A (en) * 2000-12-26 2002-07-09 Ishikawaken Shuzo Kumiai Rengokai Method for producing concentrated rice-saccharified material for brewing and refined rice wine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0568530A (en) * 1991-03-19 1993-03-23 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Low-alcohol refined rice wine (sake) and its production
JPH07322872A (en) * 1991-03-19 1995-12-12 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Production of low-alcohol sake
JPH0767615A (en) * 1993-09-03 1995-03-14 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Japanese sake brewed from pure rice and its production
JPH10108661A (en) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-28 Hakutsuru Shuzo Kk Production of refined rice wine (sake)
JP2001204457A (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-07-31 Ozeki Corp Method for producing refined sake having low alcohol content
JP2001218574A (en) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-14 Takara Shuzo Co Ltd Refined japanese wine (sake)
JP2001275647A (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-09 Tamagawa Shuzo Kk Sparkling low alcohol sake and method for producing the same
JP2002142747A (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-21 Nagasaki Prefecture Method for producing low alcoholic refined sake
JP2002191348A (en) * 2000-12-26 2002-07-09 Ishikawaken Shuzo Kumiai Rengokai Method for producing concentrated rice-saccharified material for brewing and refined rice wine

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