JP4129942B2 - Refined sake - Google Patents

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JP4129942B2
JP4129942B2 JP2000030178A JP2000030178A JP4129942B2 JP 4129942 B2 JP4129942 B2 JP 4129942B2 JP 2000030178 A JP2000030178 A JP 2000030178A JP 2000030178 A JP2000030178 A JP 2000030178A JP 4129942 B2 JP4129942 B2 JP 4129942B2
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sake
taste
nitrogen
present
acidity
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JP2001218574A (en
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徹 山内
匡史 岡本
貞夫 川北
康次郎 高橋
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宝ホールディングス株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、特定の組成成分を有し、燗に適した清酒に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
甘、酸、苦、塩味に対する人間の感じ方(味覚)は温度によって変ることが知られている。また、それぞれの温度に対する味の変化も一様ではない。「甘味」は体温付近で一番甘味を強く感じ、これより高くなっても低くなっても甘味が弱く感じられる。「塩味」及び「苦味」は温度上昇とともに次第に弱くなっていく。一方「酸味」は温度に関係なく感じ方は同じである〔「調味料 改訂食品事典6」(第6版)、第7〜8頁、(株)真珠書院、昭和63年9月10日発行〕。
【0003】
これら甘、酸、苦、塩味は相互に味覚に影響しており、組合せにより、味の相和効果及び相乗効果を生じることも種々の成分組合せの例からも明らかである。例えば、グルタミン酸ナトリウムと核酸系調味料の組合せは、旨味に関して相乗効果のあることが周知の事実で、この効果を生かした製品も市販されている。
清酒の成分組成において、糖類のグルコースやオリゴ糖は主に甘味に、有機酸類の乳酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸は酸味に、含窒素化合物であるアミノ酸やペプチド、核酸成分、アミン、タンパク質は旨味や苦味に、ナトリウムやカリウム等は辛味に寄与する成分として知られている。
味の感じ方は、温度によって変わってくるので、燗酒にした場合には常温の清酒の味とは感じ方が異なってくる。したがって常温のままや冷酒にして飲用する清酒が必ずしも燗酒に適していることにはならない。
【0004】
一方、清酒中に存在する溶存酸素は、老香などの好ましくない香りの発生や味などの品質劣化の原因となる。特に、老香などの成分は燗をすると常温よりも強く感じられるので、燗をして飲む清酒の場合、清酒の品質向上のためにも溶存酸素の低減が求められている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
多様化する嗜好を背景にして、従来の常温のままや冷酒にして飲用する清酒とは別に燗に適する品質の清酒が望まれている。本発明の目的は、多様化する嗜好に対応した燗に適した清酒を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明を概説すると、本発明の第1の発明は、精白歩合65〜75%の米を原料とする清酒であって、アルコール分14.5%(v/v)〜15.5%(v/v)、エキス分4 .0%(w/v)〜6.0%(w/v)未満、酸度1.3〜1.7(0.1N NaOHml/10ml)、グルコース1.9%(w/v)〜2.5%(w/v)、アミノ態窒素17mg%(w/v)〜28mg%(w/v)、全窒素45mg%(w/v)〜80mg %(w/v)の成分組成であり、かつ糖酸比3.0〜3.8であることを特徴とする45 ℃での燗に適した清酒に関し、第2の発明は、容器に充てん後平衡状態になった清酒中の溶存酸素濃度が1.1〜4.0ppmの範囲である第1の発明の成分組成を有する45℃での燗に適した清酒に関する。
【0007】
本発明者らは鋭意研究を行った結果、清酒中の成分が燗酒としたときに総合的な味のバランスに影響する要因について検討をし、それらの要因の適切な組合せを設定することで目的にかなう燗用清酒を設計した。
【0008】
まず燗に適する清酒の酒質成分の要因検討として、▲1▼燗酒温度、▲2▼各成分(アルコール分、エキス分、酸度、グルコース、全糖、アミノ態窒素、全窒素)の適切な含量及び組合せを取り上げた。その結果、清酒中の上記各成分がある特定の適切な組合せのとき、燗時に味のバランス、甘、酸、旨、苦、辛味が調和し、口に含んだときに舌ざわりが良く、濃醇感があり、ボディ感があり、切れ味の良い燗に適した清酒となり、更に溶存酸素を低減することで、いつも美味しいより良い状態の燗に適する清酒になることを見出し本発明の完成に至った。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を具体的に説明する。
まず、本発明で官能評価を行う場合の燗の温度について検討した。ここでいう燗をする方法は特に限定はなく、通常の方法であれば良い。
【0010】
〔検討例1〕
市販の清酒を用い、常法通り燗徳利を用い、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃に保って猪口(各温度に保持した)で、室温(18℃)で官能検査を行った。
パネラー36名(複数回答あり)で行った。好まれた温度は45℃が20名、次いで50℃が13名、40℃は5名(ややぬるいとの意見であった)、55℃が2名(熱いとの意見であった)であった。この結果より、本発明の官能評価は燗温度を45℃で行ったが、前記したこれらの温度が本発明を限定するものではない。
【0011】
本発明におけるアルコール分、エキス分、酸度、グルコース、全糖、アミノ態窒素、全窒素の分析は、第四回改正国税庁所定分析法注解(平成5年2月20日、第四回改正版、日本醸造協会発行)を用いて行った。
【0012】
本発明でいう清酒の特定成分を含有させる方法は、アルコール分、エキス分、酸度、グルコース、全糖、アミノ態窒素及び全窒素の各成分値が範囲内に収まれば良く、特に限定はない。一例を挙げれば、通常の清酒醸造法(例えば、原料処理、仕込み、糖化・発酵、上槽、精製及び容器充てん工程)、アルコール添加、糖類添加等酒税法に準じる方法で行っても良い。
【0013】
本発明の清酒における各種成分の組合せを検討するために、表1に示した基本清酒、濃縮清酒及び窒素高含有清酒を用意した。一例として基本清酒、濃縮清酒及び窒素高含有清酒の作り方を示すが、これに限定されるものではない。なお、本発明における成分の分析値とは、特に記載がない限り、15℃における値である。
【0014】
(基本清酒の作り方)
原醪は、通常の仕込方法に準じ、総米(精白歩合65%)5kg、汲水歩合〔総米重量(kg)に対する汲水(リットル)の百分率(%)を意味する〕130の蒸米三段仕込を行った。発酵温度は15℃前後で行い、留後20日目の醪とした。なお、留後20日目の醪は上槽した後、常法に従い、火入れ、熟成後、精製、割水して基本清酒を得た。基本清酒の成分分析値を後記表1に示す。
【0015】
(濃縮清酒の作り方)
上記で得られた基本清酒を減圧濃縮(条件:−750mmHg、40℃)して容量を半分までにし、アルコール分4%(v/v)、その他の成分が2倍に濃縮して濃縮清酒を得た。なお、該濃縮清酒の成分分析値を後記表1に示す。
【0016】
(窒素高含有清酒の作り方)
原醪は通常の仕込方法に準じ、総米(精白歩合75%)5kg、汲水歩合〔総米重量(kg)に対する汲水(リットル)の百分率(%)を意味する〕125の蒸米三段仕込を行った。発酵温度は15℃前後で行い、留後25日目の醪とした。なお、留後25日目の醪は上槽した後、常法に従い、火入れ、熟成後、精製、割水して窒素高含有清酒を得た。窒素高含有清酒の成分分析値を表1に示す。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0004129942
【0018】
これら基本清酒、濃縮清酒及び窒素高含有清酒を調合した後、各種成分の微調整のために、アルコール分は95.5%(v/v)原料アルコールを、酸度はコハク酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸混合液(混合比は25:70:15)を、グルコースは精製ブドウ糖を、エキス分と全糖は分解度の低い水飴を用いてモデル清酒を調製した。該モデル清酒の各種成分の分析と45℃にて燗をして官能評価を行い、この温度での各種成分の味のバランスが調和し、舌ざわりが良く、濃醇感、ボディ感があり、切れ味の良いと評価された清酒を判定した。すなわち本発明の燗に適した清酒は、成分組成が、アルコール分14.0%(v/v)〜15.9%(v/v)、エキス分4.0%(w/v)〜6.7%(w/v)、酸度1.2〜2.0(0.1NNaOHml/10ml)、グルコース1.9%(w/v)〜2.5%(w/v)、アミノ態窒素17mg%(w/v)〜28mg%(w/v)及び全窒素45mg%(w/v)〜80mg%(w/v)の範囲にある時の官能評価が良く、特に、前記成分組成の中で、アルコール分が14.5%(v/v)〜15.5%(v/v)、エキス分が4.0%(w/v)〜6.0%(w/v)未満及び酸度が1.3〜1.7(0.1NNaOHml/10ml)である時は、十分なコクを持ち、なめらかな上、後味のすっきりとした味わいを楽しめる清酒と評価された。
【0019】
また、前記したこれらの成分組成において、糖酸比2.7〜4.0であると味のバランスが良く調和されており、更に、糖酸比が3.0〜3.8の範囲にある時の味のバランスの調和が最も優れていた。なお、本発明における糖酸比とは、エキス分/酸度のことである。
【0020】
次に、本発明の燗に適した清酒中の溶存酸素の影響についての検討を行った。
【0021】
〔検討例2〕
本発明の燗に適した清酒中の溶存酸素の影響を検討するために、検討例1で示した本発明の燗に適した清酒の一例として、清酒〔アルコール分15%(v/v)、エキス分5%(w/v)、酸度(0.1NNaOHml/10ml)1.4、グルコース2.2%(w/v)、アミノ態窒素25mg%(w/v)、全窒素65mg%(w/v)〕を用い、窒素ガスを吹込む方法で溶存酸素を低減させた後、容器に充てんしヘッドスペースを窒素置換させた後、打栓してサンプルを作成した。該サンプルを40℃、30日間連続して蛍光燈の照明にさらした加速条件にて保存した。保存終了後に各サンプルを徳利に移し、45℃で燗を行い、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて飲酒した。
官能評価は、3点法(1:良い、2:普通、3:悪い)で行い、パネラー12名の平均値の平均値を基に、1.0〜1.5を◎、1.5超〜2.0を○、2.0超〜2.5を△、2.5超〜3.0を×で表示した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0022】
【表2】
Figure 0004129942
【0023】
表2の結果より、溶存酸素濃度が1.1〜4.0ppmの範囲に含まれるモデル清酒は、窒素置換無処理の対照に比べて、燗することで強調される老香が少なく、品質が向上し、燗に適しているという評価を得た。本発明の品質が向上し、燗に適した清酒を得るためには、容器に充てん後の平衡状態になった溶存酸素濃度を1.1〜4.0ppmにすることが好ましい。また、火入れを行った清酒の場合は、容器に充てん後に清酒中の溶存酸素濃度を1.1〜2.9ppmの範囲にすると官能評価が良かった。
【0024】
本発明における溶存酸素を低減させる方法とは、通常の清酒の製造方法、例えば、原料処理、仕込み、糖化・発酵、上槽、精製及び容器充てん工程において、窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴン等の不活性ガスによる溶存酸素の置換が行えればよく、特に限定はない。例えば、インラインミキサーを用いた連続的な流れの中で不活性ガスを混合して溶存酸素を低減させても良い。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明がこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0026】
なお、実施例におけるモデル清酒は、表1の3種の清酒を用いて調合した後、各種成分の微調整のために、原料アルコール、コハク酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸、精製ブドウ糖、分解度の低い水飴を用いて調製した。
【0027】
実施例1(エキス分と酸度の影響を検討)
表1の3種の清酒を用いて、エキス分が3.3、4.0、5.0、6.0、6.7、7.0%(/v)、及び酸度(0.1N NaOHml/10ml)が1.0、1.2、1.3、1.5、1.7、2.0、2.5(ml)にして、エキス分及び酸度以外は表1の基本清酒と同様の成分値としたモデル清酒を得た。それぞれの清酒を徳利で45℃まで加熱して燗を行い、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて飲酒した。
官能評価は、2点法(1:良い、0:普通)で行い、パネラー17名の合計値を表示した。その結果を表3に示す。
【0028】
【表3】
Figure 0004129942
【0029】
表3の結果に示されるように、エキス分が4.0%(/v)以上6.7%(/v)以下、酸度が1.2ml以上2.0ml以下の時、切れ味、ボディ感及び濃醇感のバランスが良く、特にエキス分が4.0%(/v)以上6.0%(/v)未満、酸度が1.3ml以上1.7ml以下の時に更に良い評価を得た。また、これら前記の範囲内において、糖酸比が2.7以上4.0以下である時、切れ味、ボディ感及び濃醇感に加えて味のバランスも良く、更に糖酸比が3.0以上3.8以下である時に最も良かった。
【0030】
実施例2(アルコール分の燗酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
表1の3種の清酒を用いて、アルコール分は13.0、14.0、14.5、15.0、15.5及び16.0%(v/v)にし、アルコール分以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値としたモデル清酒を得た。実施例1と同様の方法で官能評価を行った。その結果を表4に示す。
【0031】
【表4】
Figure 0004129942
【0032】
表4の結果より、アルコール分15.0%(v/v)の時が燗用清酒で最も好まれ、14.0%(v/v)ではやや薄く感じるが味のバランスが良く、16.0%(v/v)ではツンとくる感じがすると評価された。したがって、本発明のアルコール分は14.0%(v/v)以上16.0%(v/v)未満、特に14.5%(v/v)以上15.5%(v/v)以下の時に更に良い評価を得た。
【0033】
実施例3(グルコースの燗酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
表1の3種の清酒を用いて調合して、グルコースは1.5、1.9、2.0、2.5及び3.0%(w/v)にし、全糖以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値としたモデル清酒を得た。実施例1と同様の方法で官能評価を行った。その結果を表5に示す。
【0034】
【表5】
Figure 0004129942
【0035】
表5の結果より、グルコースは2.0%の時が燗用清酒で最も好まれ、1.9%では甘みがやや弱いが全体のバランスは保たれ、2.5%では甘味がやや強いが全体のバランスは保たれている。したがって、本発明のグルコースは1.9%(w/v)以上2.5%(w/v)以下の範囲が適切であることが明らかとなった。
【0036】
実施例4(アミノ態窒素の燗酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
表1の3種の清酒を用いて調合して、アミノ態窒素は15、17、20、25、28及び30mg%(w/v)にし、アミノ態窒素以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値としたモデル清酒を得た。実施例1と同様の方法で官能評価を行った。その結果を表6に示す。
【0037】
【表6】
Figure 0004129942
【0038】
表6の結果より、アミノ態窒素は20及び25mg%(w/v)で味のバランスが優れていた。17mg%(w/v)ではやや薄い感じがするが味のバランスは良く、28mg%(w/v)ではややクドイ感じがするが味のバランスは良いと評価された。したがって、本発明のアミノ態窒素は17mg%(w/v)以上28mg%(w/v)以下の範囲が適切であることが明らかとなった。
【0039】
実施例5(全窒素の燗酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
表1の3種の清酒を用いて調合して、全窒素は40、45、60、80及び85mg%(w/v)にし、全窒素以外は基本清酒と同様の成分値としたモデル清酒を得た。実施例1と同様の方法で官能評価を行った。その結果を表7に示す。
【0040】
【表7】
Figure 0004129942
【0041】
表7の結果より、全窒素は60mg%(w/v)で甘・酸・旨・辛味のバランスが優れていた。45mg%(w/v)ではやや薄い感じがするが全体のバランスは良く、80mg%(w/v)ではややクドイ感じがするが全体のバランスは良いと評価された。したがって、本発明の全窒素は45mg%(w/v)以上80mg%(w/v)以下の範囲が適切であることが明らかとなった。
【0042】
実施例6(3種の燗酒の味覚に及ぼす影響を検討)
表1の3種の清酒を用いて、表8に示す3種の清酒を得た。それぞれの清酒を徳利で45℃で燗を行い、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて飲酒した。
官能評価は、パネラー12名で良1〜悪3で採点をし、その平均値(◎:1.0〜1.5、○:1.5超〜2.0、△:2.0超〜2.5、×:2.5超〜3.0)で表示した。その結果を表8に示す。
【0043】
【表8】
Figure 0004129942
【0044】
表8に示すごとく、アルコール分、エキス分、酸度、グルコース、全糖、アミノ態窒素及び全窒素の各成分値が範囲内にあれば、本発明の燗に適する清酒が提供できる。
【0045】
実施例7(清酒の醸造)
掛米は通常の方法に順じ、精白歩合65%の白米(日本晴)を用い、浸漬、蒸きょうし蒸米を得た。麹は麹米を掛米と同様にして蒸米とし、清酒用麹菌(種もやし)を接種し、通常の方法にて46時間培養した。得られた原料は、表9に示す仕込配合により三段仕込で清酒を試醸した。すなわち試醸は、協会酵母701号を用いて、初添(1回目)、仲添(2回目)及び留添(3回目)として、更に10〜15℃で20日間行った。
【0046】
【表9】
Figure 0004129942
【0047】
この試醸で得られた清酒醪を固液分離して搾汁を得た後、火入れ、熟成、精製及び割水を行い清酒を得た。その清酒について成分分析値及び実施例1と同様の方法で行った官能評価を表10に示す。
【0048】
【表10】
Figure 0004129942
【0049】
表10の結果より、本発明の清酒は、燗時において味のバランスが調和し、舌ざわりが良く、濃醇感、ボディ感のバランス及び切れ味が優れていた。
【0050】
実施例8(清酒の醸造)
実施例7と同様な方法にて試醸した得られた火入れをしない清酒をインラインミキサー〔商品名:ノリタケスタティックミキサー、(株)ノリタケカンパニーリミテド製、サニタリー配管内径3インチ、4ユニット〕を用いて窒素ガスと混合し溶存酸素濃度を低減した。清酒流量は10リットル/分、窒素ガス流量は2.3リットル/分(ガスの体積は0℃、1気圧の値)にて行った。その後、プレートヒーターにて火入れ(65℃)処理後、容器に充てんしてヘッドスペースを窒素置換させた後、打栓、自然放冷後、清酒を得た。なお、インラインミキサー以降のライン(受けタンク、プレートヒーター、充てん機)も窒素置換をしておいた。得られた該製品を40℃、30日間連続して蛍光燈の照明にさらし加速条件にて保存した後、徳利に移し、45℃で燗を行い、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて飲酒した。対照として、インラインミキサーによる混合脱気処理を行わずに充てん及び打栓したものを同様に保存した後、45℃で燗を行い、室温(18℃)で猪口を用いて飲酒した。実施例1と同様の方法で行った官能評価を表11に示す。
【0051】
【表11】
Figure 0004129942
【0052】
表11の結果より、本発明品の清酒は対照の清酒に比べて、燗すると特に強調される老香などの好ましくない香りや雑味が少なく、味、ボディ感、切れのバランスがとれており、品質が向上した。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の清酒は、燗時に味のバランス、甘、酸、旨、苦、辛味が調和し、口に含んだときに舌ざわりが良く、濃醇感があり、ボディ感があり、切れ味の良い酒質の燗に適する酒を提供することができる。また、溶存酸素濃度を低減された本発明の清酒は、長期流通後も燗に適する酒を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to sake having a specific composition and suitable for sake.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known that human feelings (taste) for sweetness, acidity, bitterness, and saltiness vary with temperature. Moreover, the change of the taste with respect to each temperature is not uniform. “Sweetness” feels the strongest sweetness near body temperature, and the sweetness is felt weaker at higher and lower temperatures. “Salt taste” and “bitter taste” gradually weaken with increasing temperature. On the other hand, “sourness” has the same feeling regardless of temperature [“Seasoning Revised Food Dictionary 6” (6th edition), pages 7-8, Pearl Shoin Co., Ltd., issued September 10, 1988 ].
[0003]
These sweet, acid, bitter and salty tastes affect each other's taste, and it is clear from the examples of various combinations of ingredients that the combination produces a taste-compatibility effect and a synergistic effect. For example, it is well known that a combination of sodium glutamate and a nucleic acid seasoning has a synergistic effect on umami, and products that take advantage of this effect are also commercially available.
In the component composition of sake, sugars such as glucose and oligosaccharides are mainly sweet, organic acids lactic acid, succinic acid, and malic acid are sour, and nitrogen-containing amino acids and peptides, nucleic acid components, amines, and proteins are umami For bitterness, sodium, potassium, etc. are known as components that contribute to pungent taste.
The way you feel the taste changes depending on the temperature, so when you make a sake, the way you feel it differs from the taste of sake at room temperature. Therefore, sake that is drunk at room temperature or cold is not necessarily suitable for sake.
[0004]
On the other hand, the dissolved oxygen present in the sake causes the generation of an unfavorable scent such as scent and the deterioration of quality such as taste. In particular, ingredients such as scent are felt stronger than normal temperature when boiled, so in the case of sake that is drunk and drunk, reduction of dissolved oxygen is required to improve the quality of sake.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Against the background of diversifying tastes, there is a demand for sake of a quality suitable for koji, apart from the sake that is consumed at room temperature or cold. An object of the present invention is to provide sake that is suitable for koji corresponding to diversifying tastes.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To outline the present invention, the first invention of the present invention is sake made from rice with a polishing rate of 65 to 75%, and the alcohol content is 14.5% (v / v) to 15.5% (v / V), extract content 4. 0% (w / v) to less than 6.0% (w / v), acidity 1.3 to 1.7 (0.1N NaOH ml / 10 ml), glucose 1.9% (w / v) to 2.5 % (W / v), amino nitrogen 17 mg% (w / v) to 28 mg% (w / v), total nitrogen 45 mg% (w / v) to 80 mg% (w / v), and The second aspect of the present invention relates to a sake suitable for brewing at 45 ° C., characterized in that the sugar acid ratio is 3.0 to 3.8. The second invention relates to the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the sake that is in an equilibrium state after filling the container. The present invention relates to sake that is suitable for brewing at 45 ° C., having the composition of the first invention in the range of 1.1 to 4.0 ppm.
[0007]
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have studied the factors that affect the overall taste balance when the ingredients in sake are sake, and the objective is to set an appropriate combination of those factors We designed sake for sake that meets the needs.
[0008]
First, as a factor study of the sake quality components of sake that are suitable for koji, (1) sake temperature, (2) appropriate content of each component (alcohol content, extract content, acidity, glucose, total sugar, amino nitrogen, total nitrogen) And combinations were taken up. As a result, when the above ingredients in sake are in a certain appropriate combination, the balance of taste, sweetness, acidity, umami, bitterness, and pungent taste are harmonized at the time of brewing, and the texture is good when it is in the mouth. It became a sake that has a feeling, a body feeling, and a sharpness that is suitable for koji, and by reducing dissolved oxygen, it has been found that it becomes a sake that is always suitable for a better and better koji, resulting in the completion of the present invention. .
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be specifically described below.
First, the temperature of the soot when sensory evaluation was performed in the present invention was examined. The method of wrinkling here is not particularly limited, and any ordinary method may be used.
[0010]
[Examination example 1]
A commercially available sake was used, and the sake was tested as usual, and the sensory test was carried out at room temperature (18 ° C.) at 40 ° C., 45 ° C., 50 ° C., and 55 ° C. and kept at the mouth (retained at each temperature).
It was conducted by 36 panelists (with multiple answers). The preferred temperature was 20 people at 45 ° C, then 13 people at 50 ° C, 5 people at 40 ° C (they were slightly warm), and 2 people at 55 ° C (they were hot) It was. From these results, the sensory evaluation of the present invention was performed at a soot temperature of 45 ° C., but these temperatures described above do not limit the present invention.
[0011]
Analysis of alcohol content, extract content, acidity, glucose, total sugar, amino nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the present invention is the fourth revision of the NTA-specified analysis method (February 20, 1993, the fourth revised edition, Japan brewing association).
[0012]
The method of containing the specific component of sake as used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the component values of alcohol, extract, acidity, glucose, total sugar, amino nitrogen and total nitrogen are within the range. For example, it may be carried out by a method according to the liquor tax law such as a normal sake brewing method (for example, raw material processing, preparation, saccharification / fermentation, upper tank, purification and container filling step), alcohol addition, sugar addition and the like.
[0013]
In order to examine combinations of various components in the sake of the present invention, basic sake, concentrated sake and nitrogen-rich sake shown in Table 1 were prepared. As an example, how to make basic sake, concentrated sake, and high nitrogen-containing sake is shown, but it is not limited to this. In addition, the analysis value of the component in this invention is a value in 15 degreeC unless there is particular description.
[0014]
(How to make basic sake)
In accordance with the usual preparation method, the rice bran is 5 kg of total rice (milling ratio 65%), and the ratio of pumped water (meaning the percentage (%) of pumped water (liter) to the total rice weight (kg)). A column preparation was performed. The fermentation temperature was about 15 ° C., and the koji was taken on the 20th day after the distillation. In addition, after 20 days after the dipping, the koji was put into the upper tank, and then fired, aged, refined and watered according to a conventional method to obtain basic sake. The component analysis values of basic sake are shown in Table 1 below.
[0015]
(How to make concentrated sake)
Concentrate the basic sake obtained above under reduced pressure (conditions: -750 mmHg, 40 ° C.) to halve the volume, concentrate 4% (v / v) alcohol, and double the concentration of the other ingredients. Obtained. The component analysis values of the concentrated sake are shown in Table 1 below.
[0016]
(How to make sake with high nitrogen content)
In accordance with the usual preparation method, the rice bran is 5 kg of total rice (75% of polished rice), and the ratio of pumped water (meaning the percentage (%) of pumped water (liter) to the total rice weight (kg)) of three stages of steamed rice Prepared. The fermentation temperature was about 15 ° C., and the koji was taken on the 25th day after the retention. In addition, after 25 days after the dipping, the koji was put into the upper tank, and then fired, aged, refined and split in accordance with a conventional method to obtain sake with high nitrogen content. Table 1 shows the component analysis values of sake with high nitrogen content.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004129942
[0018]
After preparing these basic sake, concentrated sake, and high nitrogen content sake, the alcohol content was 95.5% (v / v) raw alcohol, and the acidity was succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid for fine adjustment of various components. Model sake was prepared using a mixture (mixing ratio 25:70:15), glucose for purified glucose, and extract and total sugar for starch syrup having a low degree of degradation. Analyzing the various components of the model sake and simmering at 45 ° C for sensory evaluation, the balance of the taste of the various components at this temperature is harmonized, has a good texture, has a darkness and body feeling, and has a sharpness. Sake was rated as good. That is, the sake suitable for the koji of the present invention has a component composition of alcohol content 14.0% (v / v) to 15.9% (v / v), extract content 4.0% (w / v) to 6 0.7% (w / v), acidity 1.2-2.0 (0.1N NaOH ml / 10 ml), glucose 1.9% (w / v) -2.5% (w / v), amino nitrogen 17 mg % (W / v) to 28 mg% (w / v) and total nitrogen 45 mg% (w / v) to 80 mg% (w / v), the sensory evaluation is good. The alcohol content is 14.5% (v / v) to 15.5% (v / v), the extract content is less than 4.0% (w / v) to 6.0% (w / v), and the acidity Is 1.3 to 1.7 (0.1N NaOHml / 10ml), it has enough richness and is smooth and you can enjoy the clean taste of aftertaste. It was evaluated as sake.
[0019]
Moreover, in these component composition mentioned above, the balance of taste is well harmonized that the sugar acid ratio is 2.7 to 4.0, and the sugar acid ratio is in the range of 3.0 to 3.8. The balance of time balance was the best. In addition, the sugar acid ratio in the present invention is the extract content / acidity.
[0020]
Next, the effect of dissolved oxygen in sake suitable for the koji of the present invention was examined.
[0021]
[Examination example 2]
In order to examine the effect of dissolved oxygen in sake that is suitable for sake according to the present invention, as an example of sake that is suitable for sake according to the present invention shown in Examination Example 1, sake (alcohol content 15% (v / v), Extract 5% (w / v), acidity (0.1N NaOH ml / 10 ml) 1.4, glucose 2.2% (w / v), amino nitrogen 25 mg% (w / v), total nitrogen 65 mg% (w / V)], the dissolved oxygen was reduced by blowing nitrogen gas, the container was filled, the head space was purged with nitrogen, and the sample was then plugged to prepare a sample. The sample was stored at 40 ° C. under accelerated conditions exposed to fluorescent lamp illumination for 30 consecutive days. After completion of storage, each sample was transferred to a bottle of sake, brewed at 45 ° C., and drunk at room temperature (18 ° C.) using the shed.
The sensory evaluation is performed by a three-point method (1: good, 2: normal, 3: bad). Based on the average value of the average values of 12 panelists, 1.0 to 1.5 is ◎, more than 1.5 .About.2.0 is indicated by .largecircle., 2.0 above -2.5 is indicated by .DELTA., And above 2.5 -3.0 are indicated by x. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0022]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004129942
[0023]
From the results in Table 2, the model sake with a dissolved oxygen concentration in the range of 1.1 to 4.0 ppm has less scent emphasized by boiling, compared with the control without nitrogen substitution, and the quality is high. It was improved and got a reputation for being suitable for drought. In order to improve the quality of the present invention and obtain sake that is suitable for koji, it is preferable that the dissolved oxygen concentration in an equilibrium state after filling the container is 1.1 to 4.0 ppm. In addition, in the case of sake that had been fired, sensory evaluation was good when the dissolved oxygen concentration in the sake was in the range of 1.1 to 2.9 ppm after filling the container.
[0024]
The method for reducing dissolved oxygen in the present invention is a normal method for producing sake, for example, raw material treatment, charging, saccharification / fermentation, upper tank, purification and container filling processes, such as inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, and argon. There is no particular limitation as long as the dissolved oxygen can be replaced by the above. For example, the dissolved oxygen may be reduced by mixing an inert gas in a continuous flow using an in-line mixer.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0026]
In addition, after preparing the model sake in the Examples using the three types of sakes shown in Table 1, raw alcohol, succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, purified glucose, and a low degree of decomposition are used for fine adjustment of various components. Prepared using chickenpox.
[0027]
Example 1 (examine the effects of extract and acidity)
Using the three types of sake in Table 1, the extract content was 3.3, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.7, 7.0% ( w / v), and acidity (0.1N (NaOHml / 10ml) is 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5 (ml), except for the extract and acidity. A model sake with similar component values was obtained. Each sake was heated to 45 ° C. with sake bottle, and then drunk at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a jar.
The sensory evaluation was performed by a two-point method (1: good, 0: normal), and the total value of 17 panelists was displayed. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0028]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004129942
[0029]
As shown in the results of Table 3, when the extract content is 4.0% ( w / v) to 6.7% ( w / v) and the acidity is 1.2 ml to 2.0 ml, the sharpness and body Good balance between feeling and dark blue feeling, especially when the extract content is 4.0% ( w / v) or more and less than 6.0% ( w / v) and the acidity is 1.3 ml or more and 1.7 ml or less. Got. Within these ranges, when the sugar acid ratio is 2.7 or more and 4.0 or less, the taste balance is good in addition to the sharpness, body feeling and dark blue feeling, and the sugar acid ratio is 3.0. It was the best when it was 3.8 or less.
[0030]
Example 2 (Examination of the effect of alcohol on the taste of sake)
Using the three types of sake in Table 1, the alcohol content is 13.0, 14.0, 14.5, 15.0, 15.5 and 16.0% (v / v). A model sake with the same component values as sake was obtained. Sensory evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0031]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004129942
[0032]
From the results shown in Table 4, when the alcohol content is 15.0% (v / v), sake sake is most preferred, and when it is 14.0% (v / v), it feels a little thin, but the taste balance is good. At 0% (v / v), it was evaluated that there was a feeling of coming. Therefore, the alcohol content of the present invention is 14.0% (v / v) or more and less than 16.0% (v / v), particularly 14.5% (v / v) or more and 15.5% (v / v) or less. A better evaluation was obtained at that time.
[0033]
Example 3 (Examination of the effect of glucose on the taste of sake)
Formulated using the three types of sake in Table 1, glucose is 1.5, 1.9, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% (w / v), except for all sugars, basic sake A model sake with similar component values was obtained. Sensory evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0034]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004129942
[0035]
From the results of Table 5, glucose is the most preferred when it is 2.0%, and 1.9% is slightly weak in sweetness but the overall balance is maintained, while 2.5% is slightly sweet. The overall balance is maintained. Therefore, it was revealed that the range of 1.9% (w / v) to 2.5% (w / v) of the glucose of the present invention is appropriate.
[0036]
Example 4 (Examination of the effect of amino nitrogen on the taste of sake)
Formulated using the three types of sake in Table 1, the amino nitrogen was 15, 17, 20, 25, 28 and 30 mg% (w / v), except for the amino nitrogen and the same component values as the basic sake Got the model sake. Sensory evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0037]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004129942
[0038]
From the results in Table 6, amino nitrogen was 20 and 25 mg% (w / v), and the taste balance was excellent. At 17 mg% (w / v), the taste balance was slightly light but the taste balance was good. At 28 mg% (w / v), the taste balance was slightly good but the taste balance was evaluated to be good. Therefore, it was revealed that the amino nitrogen of the present invention has an appropriate range of 17 mg% (w / v) to 28 mg% (w / v).
[0039]
Example 5 (Examination of the effect of total nitrogen on the taste of sake)
Using the three types of sake in Table 1, the total nitrogen is 40, 45, 60, 80, and 85 mg% (w / v). Obtained. Sensory evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0040]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004129942
[0041]
From the results in Table 7, the total nitrogen was 60 mg% (w / v), and the balance of sweetness, acidity, umami, and pungent taste was excellent. At 45 mg% (w / v), the overall balance was good, but at 80 mg% (w / v), the overall balance was evaluated as good. Therefore, it was revealed that the total nitrogen of the present invention is appropriately in the range of 45 mg% (w / v) to 80 mg% (w / v).
[0042]
Example 6 (Examination of the effect of three types of sake on the taste)
Using the three types of sake in Table 1, the three types of sake shown in Table 8 were obtained. Each sake was brewed at 45 ° C with sake bottle, and was drunk at the room temperature (18 ° C) using the shed.
For sensory evaluation, 12 panelists scored from good 1 to bad 3, and the average value (◎: 1.0 to 1.5, ○: 1.5 to 2.0, Δ: 2.0 to 2.0) 2.5, x: more than 2.5 to 3.0). The results are shown in Table 8.
[0043]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004129942
[0044]
As shown in Table 8, if the component values of alcohol, extract, acidity, glucose, total sugar, amino nitrogen, and total nitrogen are within the ranges, the sake that is suitable for the koji of the present invention can be provided.
[0045]
Example 7 (Sake Brewing)
Kake rice was obtained in accordance with a normal method, and white rice (Nihonbare) with a polishing rate of 65% was used to obtain soaked and steamed rice. As for koji, koji rice was made into steamed rice in the same manner as kake rice, inoculated with koji mold (seed sprout) for sake, and cultured for 46 hours in the usual manner. The obtained raw materials were sake brewed in a three-stage charge according to the charge composition shown in Table 9. That is, the trial brewing was further performed at 10 to 15 ° C. for 20 days using Association Yeast No. 701 as initial addition (first time), intermediate addition (second time), and distillation (third time).
[0046]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004129942
[0047]
The sake lees obtained in this trial brewing were separated into solid and liquid to obtain squeezed juice, and then subjected to burning, aging, purification and water splitting to obtain sake. Table 10 shows the component analysis values and sensory evaluation of the sake by the same method as in Example 1.
[0048]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004129942
[0049]
From the results shown in Table 10, the sake of the present invention had a balanced taste balance at the time of brewing, a good texture, and an excellent balance of darkness, body feeling and sharpness.
[0050]
Example 8 (Sake Brewing)
Using the in-line mixer [trade name: Noritake static mixer, manufactured by Noritake Co., Ltd., sanitary piping inner diameter 3 inches, 4 units] The dissolved oxygen concentration was reduced by mixing with nitrogen gas. The sake flow rate was 10 liters / minute, and the nitrogen gas flow rate was 2.3 liters / minute (the gas volume was 0 ° C. and 1 atm). Thereafter, after heating (65 ° C.) with a plate heater, the container was filled and the head space was purged with nitrogen, and then boiled and allowed to cool naturally to obtain sake. The lines after the in-line mixer (receiving tank, plate heater, filling machine) were also purged with nitrogen. The obtained product was exposed to fluorescent lamp lighting for 40 days at 40 ° C. and stored under accelerated conditions, then transferred to Tokuri, bottled at 45 ° C., and drunk at room temperature (18 ° C.) using a bottle. did. As a control, after filling and plugging without carrying out a mixed deaeration process using an in-line mixer, the mixture was stored in the same manner, followed by drinking at 45 ° C. and drinking at the room temperature (18 ° C.) using the mouth. Table 11 shows the sensory evaluation performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0051]
[Table 11]
Figure 0004129942
[0052]
From the results of Table 11, the sake of the present invention has less unfavorable aromas and miscellaneous tastes such as scent that is particularly emphasized when drunk compared to the control sake, and the balance of taste, body feeling and cutting is balanced. , Quality improved.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the sake of the present invention has a balanced taste, sweetness, acidity, umami, bitterness, and pungent taste when brewed, has a good texture when it is put in the mouth, has a darkness, and has a body feeling. Yes, it can provide sake that is suitable for sake with a good sharpness. Moreover, the sake of the present invention having a reduced dissolved oxygen concentration can provide sake suitable for koji even after long-term distribution.

Claims (2)

精白歩合65〜75%の米を原料とする清酒であって、アルコール分14 .5%(v/v)〜15.5%(v/v)、エキス分4.0%(w/v)〜6.0%(w/v)未満、酸度1.3〜1.7(0.1N NaOHml/10ml)、グルコース1 .9%(w/v)〜2.5%(w/v)、アミノ態窒素17mg%(w/v)〜28mg %(w/v)、全窒素45mg%(w/v)〜80mg%(w/v)の成分組成であり、 かつ糖酸比3.0〜3.8であることを特徴とする45℃での燗に適した清酒。 13. A sake made from rice with a polishing rate of 65 to 75%, and an alcohol content of 14. 5% (v / v) to 15.5% (v / v), extract content 4.0% (w / v) to less than 6.0% (w / v), acidity 1.3 to 1.7 ( 0.1N NaOH ml / 10 ml), glucose 1. 9% (w / v) to 2.5% (w / v), amino nitrogen 17 mg% (w / v) to 28 mg% (w / v), total nitrogen 45 mg% (w / v) to 80 mg% ( A refined sake suitable for koji at 45 ° C., having a component composition of w / v) and a sugar acid ratio of 3.0 to 3.8. 容器に充てん後平衡状態になった清酒中の溶存酸素濃度が1.1〜4.0ppmの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の45℃での燗に適した清酒。The refined sake suitable for brewing at 45 ° C according to claim 1, wherein the dissolved oxygen concentration in the sake which has been in an equilibrium state after filling into the container is in the range of 1.1 to 4.0 ppm.
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JP4530398B2 (en) * 2003-02-24 2010-08-25 宝酒造株式会社 Sake and its production method
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JP6236123B2 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-11-22 月桂冠株式会社 DMTS generation prediction method, sake degradation prediction method, sake and sake production method
JP6726157B2 (en) * 2017-04-08 2020-07-22 株式会社小嶋総本店 Sake, its manufacturing method, and its manufacturing apparatus

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JP2019134698A (en) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-15 株式会社小嶋総本店 Refined sake, and method for producing the same
JP7116984B2 (en) 2018-02-05 2022-08-12 株式会社小嶋総本店 Sake and its manufacturing method

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