JP4500543B2 - 筋萎縮性側索硬化症を処置するためのプラミペキソールの使用 - Google Patents
筋萎縮性側索硬化症を処置するためのプラミペキソールの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4500543B2 JP4500543B2 JP2003550756A JP2003550756A JP4500543B2 JP 4500543 B2 JP4500543 B2 JP 4500543B2 JP 2003550756 A JP2003550756 A JP 2003550756A JP 2003550756 A JP2003550756 A JP 2003550756A JP 4500543 B2 JP4500543 B2 JP 4500543B2
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Description
本発明は、国立健康研究所によって授与された、助成金番号NS35325、AG14373、NS39788およびNS39005のもとに、米国政府の援助によりなされたものである。米国政府は本発明に関して一定の権利を持つ。
本願は、35 U.S.C.§119(e)の下で、2001年12月11日に出願した米国仮特許出願60/339,383号および2002年1月11日に出願した同60/347,371号の優先権を主張するものである。なお、両出願の開示内容は、出典明示により本明細書の一部とする。
本発明は、神経変性疾患を処置するためのプラミペキソール(2-アミノ-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-6-プロピルアミノベンゾチアゾール)の使用に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、神経変性疾患を処置するために、神経保護剤として、実質的に純粋なステレオアイソマーであるR(+)2-アミノ-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-6-プロピルアミノベンゾチアゾールおよび薬理学的に許容し得るそれらの塩の使用を目的とするものである。
神経変性疾患(NDD)、例えばアルツハイマー病(AD)およびパーキンソン病(PD)は、脳内のある種のニューロン群の急速な損失から生じる。パーキンソン病(PD)およびアルツハイマー病(AD)は、通常、明白なメンデルの法則による遺伝パターンが全くなく、散発的に発生するが、母性的な偏りを示し得る。成人NDDの稀なまたは一般的でない遺伝形態は存在するが、より一般的に発生する散発形態に対するこれら常染色体の遺伝的変異体における病因論に関する関連性は、熱心な議論のテーマである。
本発明は、広範な神経変性疾患に関連のある症候を防止および/または遅延、または緩和するための方法を提供する。より具体的には、本発明は、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)を処置するために、プラミペキソールを含む組成物、およびかかる組成物を用いる方法を指向する。
図1Aは、MPP+で誘導されるシトクロームCの放出のタイムコースを示し、図1Bは、MPP+で誘導されるカスパーゼ3の活性化のタイムコースを示す。SH−SY5Y細胞を、時間を変えて5mM MPP+と共にインキュベートし、回収した。図1Aにおいて、細胞を等張スクロース中で均質化し、遠心分離にかけ、上清タンパク質(100μg)を、SDS−PAGEを用いる電気泳動に供し、ナイロン膜に移し、強い化学発光検出によりシトクロームCについて免疫染色をした。一番左側のバンド(x軸上の「0時間」を明示する)が、「0」時点のミトコンドリアのシトクロームCに対応し、その他のバンドは、シトクロームCについて免疫染色された電気泳動細胞質タンパク質を示す。MWマーカーの位置をy軸上に示す。他の細胞バッチを、製造業者の指示書に従って(Biomol)、市販システムを用いるカスパーゼ3についてアッセイした。図1Bに示されるカスパーゼアッセイは、3−4の独立した実験の結果である。
*p<0.05、0.25時間での活性との比較。
図6Aは、プラミペキソール処置前および後の両方において、個々の患者におけるDHBA濃度を示す。患者2、3、7および12は歩行できなかった。患者3および7は、人工呼吸器に依存性であった。図6Bは、プラミペキソール処置前および後の2,3-DHBAの平均+/−SEM血清レベルを示す。図6Cは、プラミペキソール処置前および後の平均+/−SEM血清レベルの2,3-DHBA濃度/サリチレートを示す。
定義
本発明の明細書および請求の範囲において、下記用語は、下記に示した定義に従って使用される。
本発明は、ALSを含む神経変性疾患を処置するためにテトラヒドロベンゾチアゾールの使用を指向する。より具体的には、本発明のテトラヒドロベンゾチアゾールは、一般構造式:
材料および方法
細胞培養
SH−SY5Yヒト神経芽(細胞)腫細胞を、American Tissue Culture Collection (www. atcc. org)から得、複製状態の培養物中で維持した。カスパーゼアッセイおよびシトクロームC放出研究のために、細胞を10%胎児ウシ血清、抗生物質/抗真菌剤(micotic)[ペニシリン(100 IU/ml)、ストレプトマイシン硫酸塩(100μg/ml)、アンフォテリシンB(0.25μg/ml)]およびウリジン(50μg/ml)およびピルビン酸塩(100μg/ml)を含有するDMEM/高グルコースを用いて、5%CO2雰囲気、37℃で、T75フラスコ内でほぼ最大コンフルエンス(2×107細胞/フラスコ)まで増殖させた。次いで、5mM メチルピリジニウムヨウ化物(MPP+;Sigma;www.sigma-aldrich.com)または100μM 25−35または35−25βアミロイドペプチド(Bachem;www.bachem.com)と共に、時間を変えて、インキュベートし、その後回収した。細胞死の研究のために、該細胞を、96ウェルの黒底プレートに播種し、24時間、DMEM培地で増殖させ、次いで毒素に暴露した。
MPP+またはβアミロイドペプチドに暴露した後、細胞をPBS中に回収し、450xg、6分間、4℃で遠心分離した。細胞ペレットを、2x107細胞/100μlの分解緩衝液の濃度で、低張細胞分解用緩衝液[25mM HEPES、5mM MgCl2、5mM EDTA、1M DTTおよびプロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル(Sigma Chemical)]に再懸濁した。分解物を、凍結および溶解の4サイクルに供した。次いで、細胞分解物を、16,000 xg、30分間、4℃で遠心分離にかけた。上清分画を回収し、タンパク質含量をLowryアッセイ(BioRad)により測定した。タンパク質(100μg)を用いて、96ウェルプレートでカスパーゼ活性を測定し、4回アッセイした。該活性を、アッセイ緩衝液および製造者によって提供されるプロトコール(Biomol, カスパーゼ3;Promega, カスパーゼ3および9)を用いて測定した。カスパーゼ活性は、染色(p−ニトロアニリン(p-NA),Biomol)または蛍光(アミノメチルクマリン(AMC), Promega)クロモゲンの遊離を生じる合成ペプチド基質の開裂に基づく。活性化したカスパーゼのみが、これらの基質を開裂でき、各アッセイキットで提供されるカスパーゼ阻害剤をアッセイに含む場合、クロモゲン生成を完全に阻害する。記載のアッセイ条件下、クロモゲン生成の線形速度が、2時間にわたって観察された。0時および37℃でのインキュベーション30分後に、クロモゲン吸光度(p-NA)をOpti Maxプレート・リーダー上で、またはクロモゲン蛍光(AMC)をSpectraMax Gemini プレート・リーダー上で測定し、カスパーゼ比活性を概算した。0時でのクロモゲンシグナルを30分時の測定値から引いた。
細胞死を、製造指示書に従って、96ウェル・プレートで増殖し、カルセインAMとインキュベートした細胞において、“Live-Dead”アッセイ(分子プローブ;www.molecularprobes.com)でカルセイン保持の減少を測定することによって概算した。カルセインシグナルを、SpectraMax Gemini adjustable fluorescent plate reader (Molecular Devices)でアッセイした。メタノールとプレインキュベートした細胞からのカルセイン蛍光をバックグラウンドとして、全ての測定値から引いた。各アッセイを、8ウェル/条件で行い、これを平均した。3−8回の独立した実験を行い、このパラダイムにおいて、広範囲な濃度のS(−)およびR(+)PPXを評価した。
シトクロームCを、100μgの細胞上清タンパク質のポリアクリルアミド電気泳動、ナイロン膜への転写後のウェスタンブロッドにより検出した。一次抗体は、Pharmingenから得たマウスモノクローナル抗シトクロームCであり、1:10000希釈で用いた。検出を、増強した化学ルミネセンス(Pierce)で行い、BioRad Fluors imaging station上で可視化した。
R(+)およびS(−)PPX(Pharmacia Corporationからの供与)を、それらの二塩酸塩として得、培養培地に直接溶解した。アデニン・ヌクレオチド・トランスロケーターに対するATP結合部位のアンタゴニストであるボンクレキン酸は、1M NH4OH中の溶液として提供された。ホスホリパーゼA2阻害剤であるアリストロキア酸(ナトリウム塩)は、Sigma Chemical Co.から得た。カスパーゼ実験において、薬物を、MPP+またはβアミロイドペプチドの1時間前に添加した。カルセイン/細胞死実験において、薬物をMPP+の4時間前に添加した。
MPP+およびBA25-35によるカスパーゼ活性化
図1Bは、SH−SY5Y細胞と5mM MPP+とのインキュベーション中の、カスパーゼ3活性に関するタイムコースを示す。活性の増加が4時間まで検出でき、24時間までに約2倍増加していた。図1Aは、細胞質中に放出されたシトクロームCタンパク質に対するウェスタンブロッドの結果を示す。生物化学的活性曲線と同様に、細胞質シトクロームCは、4時間まで少量で検出可能で、12時間まで実質的に増加した。
この研究は、パーキンソン病およびアルツハイマー病の各々に有用な可能性のある神経保護作用の化合物を研究するための細胞培養モデルとして自己複製SH−SY5Y神経芽(細胞)腫細胞に添加した神経毒のMPP+および25-35βアミロイドペプチドの使用を対象としている。SH−SY5Y細胞は、新生物の神経外胚葉起源の分裂中の細胞で、一次ニューロンではない。それらは、Ras変異の結果としての有糸分裂であり、MAPK/ERKシグナリングの慢性的な活性化を導く。SH−SY5Y細胞は、一次ニューロンと比較すると、MPP+との短時間のインキュベーションでは、比較的非感受性である。我々は、1mMではなく、2.5および5mMのMPP+が、18-24時間以内でアポトーシス形態およびDNA核濃縮フラグメントを生成することを見出した。しかし、MPP+低濃度での長時間のインキュベーションは、動物でのPDのイン・ビボ MPTPモデルとより密接に近似しており、比較的低いMPP+レベルへの長時間の暴露は、ミトコンドリア細胞死カスケードを依然活性化し得ると報告されている。
ALSを処置するためのプラミペキソールの使用
酸化的異常性が、家族性筋萎縮性側索硬化症(FALS)と、より一般的な散発性ALS(SALS)との両方で同定された。2,3-DHBAは、ヒドロキシル化サリチレートの副産物であり、フリーラジカル活性増加の信頼性のあるイン・ビボマーカーであり、かつHPLCにより確実にアッセイされた。サリチレート負荷を経口投与後、2,3-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸(2,3-DHBA)およびDHBA/サリチレートの高い血清レベルを、SALS患者で観察した。本明細書中に記載のように、12人のSALS患者を試験し、プラミペキソール処置前および後の両方の2,3-DHBAレベルを測定した。
試験者の準備
本試験は2フェーズで行った。第1フェーズにおいて、Airlie House基準を満たす11人の明確なSALS患者と、7人の対照を試験した。これら試験者は、アスピリン負荷を受け、続く2,3-DHBA分析を行った。アスピリン (1.3g)を経口的に与えた後、血液を、2、3および4時間後に採血した。血清を、分離し、氷結させ、-80℃で貯蔵した。血清のアリコートをコード表示し、2,3-DHBAおよびサリチレートアッセイに対してブラインドとした。
血清の調製:4℃で血清(0.9ml)を、1M 過塩素酸(0.2ml)と混合し、冷蔵遠心分離器中で、10分間、15000rpmで遠心分離した。
図5Aは、11人のSALS(59.2±12.3yr)および第1フェーズで試験した年齢をマッチさせた7人の対照患者(56.7±10.7yr)において、2,3-DHBA血清レベルでの増加に関するタイムコースを示す。SALS患者は、この疾患の急性および慢性的段階の両方を示す症候開始の10〜156ヶ月の範囲で投薬した。2,3DHBAの最高レベルを、アスピリン投与3時間後のSALS患者で見いだし、この時点を試験の第2フェーズとして選択した。さらに、SALSおよび対照群を時間に対して比較した場合、2ウェイANOVAは2,3-DHBAの産生における差違を明らかにした。この差違は、2集団に対してp=0.033レベルで有意であった;post-hoc試験(Tukey test)は、各時点で全く有意差はなかった。
この試験は、2,3-DHBA産生の増加に基づいた、経口アスピリン負荷後のALS患者で、イン・ビボでの酸化ストレスの約2倍の増加が観察されることを明らかにした。2,3-DHBAの増加が臨床的疾患進行に関する様々な段階で観察され、この代謝物は、この疾患過程にわたって、特に初期ステージでの診断が不確実である場合に、高酸化ストレスの信頼性のあるマーカーとして役立つことを示唆するものである。小さな集団サイズのため、疾患段階と2,3-DHBA産生のレベルとの相関関係を算定する試験は行わなかった。
イン・ビボでのMptp誘導された酸化ストレスを低下させるプラミペキソールの効果
方法
オスC57BL/6マウスに、8週間、毎日0、10、30または100mg/kg/dayを与えるために計算した用量で飲料水中R(+)プラミペキソールジヒドロクロリドを与えた。試験日に、マウスを神経毒N−メチル-4-フェニル-1,2,3,6-テトラヒドロピリジン(MPTP)の30mg/kg s.c.を用いて注射し、脳中の酸化ストレスを増加させた。1時間後、マウスにサリチル酸ナトリウム(100mg/kg i.p.)を注射した。サリチレート注射1時間後、マウスを屠殺し、前脳を2,3-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸 (2,3-DHBA)含量について分析した。
Claims (10)
- 医薬的に許容し得る担体および有効量のプラミペキソールを含む、ALSの処置が必要な患者におけるALS処置用医薬組成物であって、該プラミペキソールの90%以上が、R(+)2-アミノ-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-6-プロピルアミノベンゾチアゾールである組成物。
- 該プラミペキソールの95%以上が、R(+)2-アミノ-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-6-プロピルアミノベンゾチアゾールである、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 該プラミペキソールの99%以上が、R(+)2-アミノ-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-6-プロピルアミノベンゾチアゾールである、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 神経保護剤として有効量のプラミペキソールを投与するための請求項1記載の組成物。
- 1日投与量として3mgから500mgのプラミペキソールが含まれる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該プラミペキソールが、R(+)2-アミノ-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロ-6-プロピルアミノベンゾチアゾールである、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 1日投与量として3mgから6mgのプラミペキソールが含まれる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 1日投与量として30mg/kgから100mg/kgのプラミペキソールが含まれる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 経皮、局所、経口、静脈内、筋内、動脈内、髄内、くも膜下腔内、心室内、皮下、腹膜内、鼻腔内、腸、舌下および直腸を含む群から選択される経路による投与のための、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- プラミペキソールの用量漸増レジメのための、請求項1に記載の組成物。
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PCT/US2002/039970 WO2003049705A2 (en) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-02 | Use of pramipexole to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8445474B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2013-05-21 | Knopp Neurosciences, Inc. | Compositions of R(+) and S(−) pramipexole and methods of using the same |
US8518926B2 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2013-08-27 | Knopp Neurosciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods of using (R)-pramipexole |
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JP2010513316A (ja) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-04-30 | ノップ ニューロサイエンシーズ、インク. | (r)−プラミペキソール組成物およびその使用法 |
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WO2010148409A1 (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-12-23 | Knopp Neurosciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
WO2014031883A1 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-02-27 | Susan Marie Metcalfe | Neurotherapeutic nanoparticle compositions and devices |
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