JP4490413B2 - チオール選択的水溶性ポリマー誘導体 - Google Patents
チオール選択的水溶性ポリマー誘導体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4490413B2 JP4490413B2 JP2006500996A JP2006500996A JP4490413B2 JP 4490413 B2 JP4490413 B2 JP 4490413B2 JP 2006500996 A JP2006500996 A JP 2006500996A JP 2006500996 A JP2006500996 A JP 2006500996A JP 4490413 B2 JP4490413 B2 JP 4490413B2
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- poly
- thiol
- polyalkylene oxide
- peg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 38
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 141
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- -1 carbonate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OOTFVKOQINZBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cystamine Chemical compound CCSSCCN OOTFVKOQINZBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940099500 cystamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- PGLTVOMIXTUURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CI PGLTVOMIXTUURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
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- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005717 substituted cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteamine Chemical compound NCCS UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VEWANJVBSCFPDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2O Chemical compound OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2O VEWANJVBSCFPDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 302
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- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 52
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- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 36
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 23
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 102100029880 Glycodelin Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 101000585553 Homo sapiens Glycodelin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010047303 von Willebrand Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036537 von Willebrand factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229960001134 von willebrand factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
- A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/02—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of thiols
- C07C319/06—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of thiols from sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/23—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/39—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton at least one of the nitrogen atoms being part of any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom
- C07C323/40—Y being a hydrogen or a carbon atom
- C07C323/41—Y being a hydrogen or an acyclic carbon atom
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- C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F22/36—Amides or imides
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2636—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing sulfur
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- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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Description
POLY-L0,1-C(O)G-Y-S-W (VI)
で表される構造を有する活性化されたポリマーが提供される。
POLY-L0,1-C(O)G-Y-S-S-A (VII)
[式中、“A”は活性剤を表わし、“S-A”はチオール基を有する活性剤の残基を表わす]
で表される構造を有するポリマー複合体体を提供する。
本明細書で用いる以下の用語は、以下に示す意味を有する。本明細書と添付の特許請求の範囲において使用されるとき、特に断わらない限り、単数形に複数形も含まれるものとする。
方法の概略
本発明により、タンパク質又は他の活性剤の表面にあるチオール基との反応に適した水溶性ポリマー誘導体の製造方法が提供される。この方法では、少なくとも1の反応性求電子末端を有する水溶性ポリマー・セグメントを、(ポリマーの求電子末端と反応させるための)求核基とチオール選択部の両方を有する二官能反応分子(すなわち、上記の少なくとも2個の官能基を有する反応分子)と反応させる。代表的なチオール選択部としては、チオール、保護チオール、ジスルフィド、マレイミド、有機水銀化合物、α-ハロアセチル化合物(例えばヨードアセトアミド)、ビニルスルホン、ハロゲン化アリール、ジアゾアセテート、オルトピリジルジスルフィドなどが挙げられる。反応は、ポリマーの求電子末端と反応分子の求核基との間の反応を促進してポリマーと反応分子との間に共有結合を形成するのに有効な条件下で行なわれる。使用する特定の反応分子に左右され、反応により、チオール(例えばチオール、保護チオール、ジスルフィド、マレイミド、ビニル・スルホン、ヨードアセトアミド、又はオルトピリジル・ジスルフィド)と選択的に反応する末端を有する活性化されたポリマーが形成される。一般的な反応スキームを以下に示す。
ポリマー・セグメントPOLY
本発明の方法における求電子基で活性化されたポリマーとチオール選択的ポリマーに適用できるポリマー・セグメント(本明細書ではPOLYと表記する)について以下に説明する。本発明で役に立つ求電子基で活性化されたポリマー誘導体は、一般に、水溶性ポリマー・セグメントに結合した少なくとも1つの求電子基を含む。求電子基は、ポリマー・セグメントに直接共有結合させること、或いは結合基Lを通じてポリマー骨格に結合させることができる。
“Z-(CH2CH2O)n-”又は“Z-(CH2CH2O)n-CH2CH2-”
という構造に対応するか、又はこの構造を含むことができる。ただしnは約3〜約4000、又は約10〜約4000であり、Zは、反応性のある基又は末端キャップ基である官能基であるか、そうした官能基を含んむ。Zの具体例としては、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、エステル、カーボネイト、アルデヒド、アセタール、アルデヒド水和物、ケトン、ケタール、ケトン水和物、アルケニル、アクリレート、メタクリレート、アクリルアミド、スルホン、チオール、カルボン酸、イソシアネート、イソチオシアネート、ヒドラジド、尿素、マレイミド、ビニルスルホン、ジチオピリジン、ビニルピリジン、ヨードアセトアミド、アルコキシ、ベンジルオキシ、シラン、脂質、リン脂質、ビオチン、フルオレセインなどが挙げられる。可能な場合には、これらの中に、それぞれが活性化された形態や保護された形態も含まれる。好ましい官能基は、N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジル・エステル、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾリル・カーボネート、アミン、ビニルスルホン、マレイミド、N-スクシンイミジル・カーボネート、ヒドラジド、プロピオン酸スクシンイミジル、ブタン酸スクシンイミジル、コハク酸スクシンイミジル、スクシンイミジル・エステル、グリシジル・エーテル、オキシカルボニルイミダゾール、炭酸p-ニトロフェニル、アルデヒド、オルトピリジル-ジスルフィド、アクリロールである。
本発明の方法で用いるポリマーは、求核基との反応に適した少なくとも1つの求電子物質又は求電子基(-E)を含んでいる。それは、チオール選択的反応分子に含まれているのと同様の求電子基である。具体的な求電子基としては、活性化されたエステル(例えばN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジル(NHS)エステル又は1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾイル・エステル)、活性化されたカーボネート(例えばN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジル・カーボネート、パラ-ニトロフェニル・カーボネート、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾイル・カーボネート)、アセタール、アルデヒド、アルデヒド水和物、活性無水物(例えば酸無水物)、酸ハロゲン化物、ハロゲン化アリール、ケトン、カルボン酸、イソシアネート、イソチオシアネート、イミドエステルなどがある。特に好ましいのは、NHSエステルなどの活性化されたエステルである。要するに、一般構造POLY-L0,1-Eを有するポリマー・セグメントは、少なくとも一の末端にいずれかの求電子基を備えることができる。その場合の代表的な求電子基は上に示したものである。
たいていの場合、ポリマー・セグメントを求電子基に直接結合させる。或いはポリマー・セグメントを介在リンカーLを通じて求電子基に結合させる。そのようなリンカーを用いる場合には、本明細書中ではそのリンカーをL1で表わし、そうしたリンカーが存在していることを意味する。このようなリンカーが存在していない場合には、本明細書では一般にL0と表記する。本発明で用いるリンカーは、一般に、C1-C10アルキル、又は置換されたC1-C10アルキルである。ポリマー・セグメントがPEG(例えば-(CH2CH2-O)n-CH2CH2-)である場合の特に好ましいリンカーの一例は、メチレン基(-CH2-)である。しかし直線構造又は分岐状構造のあらゆる低級アルキルや、その置換された対応物も同様に用いることができる。
本発明の方法で用いるのに特に適しているのは、求電子基で活性化されたPEG試薬、例えばクロマトグラフィーで精製されたカルボン酸又はその機能的等価物(例えばmPEG-スクシンイミジル・プロピオネート、mPEG-スクシンイミジル・ブタノエート、mPEG-CM-HBA-NHS、mPEG2-NHSなど)であり、ネクター社(ハンツヴィル、アラバマ州)から入手することができる。酸官能基のため、そうした求電子基で活性化されたPEGは、二官能反応分子(NU-Y-S)と反応させた後よりも反応前のほうが、容易に精製してPEG-ジオール又はジオール由来の不純物を分離することができる。POLY-Eの精製は、従来技術で一般に利用されている多数ある精製法のうちのいずれかの方法で実現することができる。しかし化学的分離法とクロマトグラフィー法が好ましい。好ましい1つのクロマトグラフィー法は、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、すなわちIECである。IECは帯電したあらゆる分子(例えばPEG-酸)の分離に役立つ。典型的なイオン交換クロマトグラフィーの条件は、具体的なカラム、利用するpHの範囲、イオン強度、緩衝液の選択、勾配などであり、当業者であれば容易に決定することができる。
本発明の方法によれば、POLY−L0,1−Eを、活性化されたポリマーの求電子基と反応する求核基(−NU)と上記のチオール選択基の両方を含む反応分子と反応させる。一般に、本発明で用いる反応分子は、NU-Y-Sという構造を有する(ただしNUは求核基であり、YはNUとSに挟まれた基であり、Sはチオール選択基である)。
Yは自然の状態では一般に直線であるが、必ずしもそうなっている必要はない。Y基の全長は、一般に、1〜約20原子、或いは約2〜15原子である。ここで長さとは、単一の鎖に含まれる原子の数を意味し、置換基は数えない。例えば-CH2-は、リンカーの全長に関しては1原子と数え、-CH2CH2O-は、長さが3原子と数える。Yは長さが約1〜約20原子、或いは約2〜15原子、或いは約1〜約6原子であることが好ましく、加水分解に対して安定であることが好ましい。代表的なY基としては、以下に示すもののうちのいずれかでありうる:
チオール選択基の具体例としては、例えば、チオール、保護チオール、ジスルフィド、マレイミド、ビニルスルホン、ヨードアセトアミド、オルトピリジルジスルフィドなどが挙げられる。本明細書における“S”は、あらゆるチオール選択基を表わす。“S”は、特に、チオール、チオラート、ジスルフィド、並びに他の保護チオール基を表わす。チオール部の保護基としては、ジスルフィド以外に、トリチル、チオエーテル(例えばアルキルチオエーテル、ベンジルチオエーテル)などがあり、その中にはモノチオアセタール、ジチオアセタール、アミノチオアセタール、チオエステル、チオカーボネート、チオカーバメート、スルフェニル誘導体も含まれる。“S”基のこれら具体例に対応する構造を以下に示す。ここで点線は分子のY部への結合点を示している。A-SHは、チオール基を有する活性剤を表わす。
反応分子の求核部は、従来技術で一般に知られている求核基のいずれかである。好ましい求核基としては、一級アミノ、二級アミノ、ヒドロキシ、イミノ、チオール、チオエステルなどが挙げられる。二級アミノ基は、置換基として低級アルキル基(メチル、エチルなど)を一般に備える。
ポリマーの求電子基と反応分子の求核基の間の反応は、穏やかな反応条件のもとで行なわせるのが一般的であるが、必ずしもそうである必要はなく、もちろん、反応する個々の求電子基と求核基に左右される。一般に、このような反応は、約100℃以下、或いは約65℃以下、或いは約40℃以下、或いは約20℃以下の温度で行なわせる。反応ステップは、一般に有機溶媒(例えばアセトン、アセトニトリル、塩素化炭化水素(例えば、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタンなど)、芳香族炭化水素(例えばベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなど)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、又はジメチルスルホキシドの中で実施する。
別の態様では、本発明により、上記の特徴と構成要素を有するチオール選択的ポリマーも提供される。一般に、本発明のチオール選択的ポリマーは、以下の構造を有する:POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S(ここで、文字L、X、Y、及びSはすでに説明したものである)。上記の具体的なPOLY、リンカー、Y基、及びS基はすべて、本発明による上記のチオール選択的ポリマーの一般構造に含まれる。ポリマー試薬の求電子基と反応分子の求核基の間の反応によって得られる官能基であるXは、アミド(-C(O)-NH-)又はウレタン(-O-C(O)-NH-)であることが好ましい。幾つかの場合、官能基Xは、 “-G1-C(O)-G2-”(ただしG1とG2はそれぞれ独立に、O、NH、Sといったヘテロ原子である)と本明細書中で記載される。一実施態様では、G1は存在せず、YはC(O)-Gに対応する。G2は-NHであることが好ましい。本発明の対称なポリマー・ジスルフィドは、一般構造:(POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-)2(II)を有し、該構造は本明細書に記載したすべてのPOLY、リンカー、及びY基を含む。
本発明のチオール選択的ポリマーは、不活性雰囲気(例えばアルゴン又は窒素)下で保管することが好ましい。本発明のポリマーができるだけ湿気に晒されないようにすることも好ましい。従って好ましい保管条件は、乾燥アルゴン又は他の乾燥不活性ガスのもとで、温度が約-15℃未満で保管するという条件である。低温条件下での保管が好ましい。なぜなら、より低い温度では望ましくない副反応の速度がより遅らされるからである。ポリマー生成物のポリマー・セグメントがPEGである場合には、そのPEG部を酸素とゆっくりと反応して、分子のPEG部に沿って過酸化物を形成しうる。過酸化物の形成は、最終的に鎖の切断を導き、こうして、本明細書で提供するPEG試薬の多分散性を増大させる。上記のことを考慮すると、本発明のポリマーは暗所で保管することが好ましい。
本発明は、本明細書に記載したチオール選択的ポリマーのいずれかが反応して形成される複合体にも関する。特に、本発明のチオール選択的ポリマーは、反応に利用できる少なくとも1つのチオール基又はアミノ基を有する活性剤又は表面との結合に有用である。複合体は、本明細書に記載したチオール選択基(例えばチオール、マレイミド、ビニルスルホン、オルトピリジルジスルフィド)のいずれかを活性剤に含まれるアクセス可能なチオールと反応させることによって形成される官能基に対応する構造を備える。
POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-S-活性剤(IV)
[式中、S-S-はジスルフィド結合である]
と言う構造を持つことができる。
を持つこともできる。活性剤が反応性チオール基を1つだけ有する生物学的に活性な薬剤又は小分子である場合には、タンパク質に一般に含まれていて結合に用いることのできるスルフヒドリル基の数が比較的少ないため、得られる組成物は、好ましいことに単一のポリマー複合体種だけを含んでいる可能性がある。タンパク質又は小分子又は他の活性剤を操作してチオール基の位置がわかるようにすると、同様に単一のポリマー複合体種だけを含む組成物になる場合がある。この方法は、一般に部位特異的修飾と呼ばれている。
本発明のチオール選択的ポリマーは、共有結合又は非共有結合によって多数の物質に結合することができ、例えば、フィルム、化学的に分離・精製された表面、固体支持体、金属/金属酸化物の表面(例えば、金、チタン、タンタル、ニオビウム、アルミニウム、スチール、これらの酸化物)、酸化ケイ素、巨大分子、小分子を含む。さらに、本発明のポリマーと方法は、生化学的センサー、バイオエレクトロニクスにおけるスイッチ、及びゲートに用いられうる。本発明のポリマーと方法は、ペプチドを合成するための担体の製造、ポリマーでコーティングした表面やポリマー・グラフトの製造、親和性を分配するためのポリマー-リガンド複合体の製造、架橋したヒドロゲルや架橋していないヒドロゲルの製造、並びにバイオリアクターのためのポリマー-コファクター付加物の製造にも利用されうる。
本明細書に記載した複合体又は方法は、ヒドロゲル製剤にも拡張することもできる。
適切な複合体形成条件は、時間、温度、pH、試薬の濃度、溶媒などが、ポリマー試薬と活性剤の間で結合が起こるのに十分な条件である。従来技術で知られているように、具体的な条件は、特に、活性剤、所望の結合のタイプ、反応混合物中の他の材料の存在などに左右される。具体的なケースで結合させるのに十分な条件は、当業者であれば、本明細書の開示内容を読むことによって、及び/又は関連文献を参照することによって、及び/又は定型的な実験を通じて決定することができよう。
場合によっては、異なる種(例えばPEG種)を取得/分離するか、望ましくない反応副生成物を除去するため、本発明のチオール選択的ポリマーを生物学的活性剤と反応することにより得られる複合体を精製する。
本発明は、本明細書に記載した複合体と医薬用賦形剤を含む医薬製剤を含む。一般に、複合体そのものは固体の形態(例えば沈殿物)又は溶液であり、適切な医薬用賦形剤と組み合わせることができる。医薬用賦形剤は、固体又は液体の形態が可能である。
本発明により、本明細書に記載した複合体を、その複合体を用いた治療に反応する症状を患っている患者に投与する方法も提供される。この方法は、一般に注射によって治療に有効な量の複合体(複合体は、医薬組成物の一部として提供されることが好ましい)を投与する操作を含んでいる。この投与方法は、特定の複合体を投与することによって治療又は予防できるあらゆる症状の治療に利用できる。当業者であれば、特定の複合体を用いてどの症状を効果的に治療できるかを知っているであろう。実際の投与量は、患者の年齢、体重、全体的な症状のほか、治療される症状の程度、ヘルスケアの専門家による判断、投与される複合体に応じて変化するであろう。治療有効量は、当業者に知られており、及び/又は関係のある参考書及び参考文献に記載されている。一般に、治療に有効な量は約0.001mg〜100mgであり、投与量は0.01mg/日〜75mg/日であることが好ましく、0.10mg/日〜50mg/日であることがさらに好ましい。
1H NMRのデータは、ブルーカー社が製造した400MHzスペクトロメータを用いて取得した。
実施例で言及するPEG試薬は、ネクター・セラピューティクス社(ハンツヴィル、アラバマ州)から入手できる。
PEG試薬であるmPEG-5Kプロピオン酸,N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)エステルを以下のようにして合成した。
収量47.0g。NMR (d6-DMSO):2.74ppm (t, 2H, -CH2-CN);3.21ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3)、3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格)。
M-PEG(5,000)-ニトリル(1)(47.0g)と濃塩酸(235g)の混合物を室温にて48時間撹拌した。この溶液を2リットルの水で希釈し、ジクロロメタンで抽出した(300、200、及び100ml)。1つにまとめた有機抽出液を水で2回洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させ、濾過し、ロータリー・エバポレーターにより乾燥するまで濃縮した。
HPLC分析により、生成物は100%純粋なM-PEG(5,000)-プロピオン酸であることが示された(他の不純物はまったく存在しない)。
M-PEG(5,000)-プロピオン酸(14.4g)(3)をジクロロメタン(60ml)に溶かして溶液にした。その溶液にN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(0.36g)を添加した。この溶液を0℃まで冷却し、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(0.72g)を溶かした10mlのジクロロメタン溶液を滴下して添加した。該溶液をアルゴン雰囲気下で室温にて一晩撹拌した。反応混合物を濾過し、濃縮し、エチルエーテルに添加することにより生成物を沈殿させた。
最終生成物(4)の収量:14.0g。NMR (d6-DMSO):2.81ppm (s, 4H, NHS);2.92ppm (t, 2H, -CH2-COO-);3.21ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3)、3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格)。
PEG試薬であるmPEG-20Kブタン酸,N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)エステルを以下のようにして合成した。
A. M-PEG(20K)-メタンスルホネート(5)
M-PEG-OH(分子量=20,000ダルトン、60g、高分子量のPEG-ジオールを6重量%含む(そのことは、ゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定した))を300mlのトルエンに溶かし、アルゴン雰囲気下で1時間にわたって共沸蒸留した。次にこの溶液を室温まで冷却した。この溶液に24mlの無水ジクロロメタンと0.62mlのトリエチルアミン(0.0044モル)を添加した。0.28mlの塩化メタンスルホニル(0.0036モル)を滴下して加えた。この溶液を窒素雰囲気下で室温にて一晩にわたって撹拌した。次に炭酸ナトリウム(30g)を添加し、この混合物を1時間に撹拌した。溶液を濾過し、溶媒を減圧下で蒸留によって除去した。収量27.5g。
1H NMR (d6-DMSO):3.17ppm (s, 3H, CH3-メタンスルホン酸塩)、3.24ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3)、3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格)、4.30ppm (m, -CH2-メタンスルホネート)。
M-PEGマロン酸ジエチルエステル(6)の収量:36g。NMR (d6-DMSO):1.17ppm (t, 6H, -CH3);1.99ppm (四重項, 2H, -CH 2 -CH);3.21ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3)、3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格)、4.10ppm (五重項, 4H, -OCH 2 -CH3)。
収量:32g。NMR (d6-DMSO):1.0ppm (q, 2H, -CH 2 CH2CH-);2.90ppm (t, 2H, -CH 2 CH-);3.21ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3);3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格);12.1ppm (s, 2H, -COOH)。
M-PEG(20,000)-ブタン酸(8)の収量:22g。1H NMR (d6-DMSO):1.72ppm (五重項, 2H, -CH2 CH 2 CH2-COOH);2.40ppm (t, 4H, -CH2CH2 CH 2 -COOH);3.21ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3);3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格)。HPLC分析により、生成物には、94重量%のM-PEG(20,000)-ブタン酸と、出発物質に含まれていたより高分子量のPEG-ジオールに由来する6重量%のPEG-ジブタン酸が含まれていることがわかった。
HPLC分析により、生成物は100%純粋なM-PEG(20,000)-ブタン酸(8)であり、より高分子量のPEG種は含まれていないことがわかった。
メトキシ-PEG-5K-チオールを、求電子基で活性化されたPEGの一例であるmPEG-5Kプロピオン酸,N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)エステル(mPEG-5Kプロピオン酸スクシンイミジルとも呼ばれる)から高収率かつ高純度で製造した。このPEGは市販されており、シアウォーター社(現社名はネクター・セラピューティクス社)(シアウォーター・カタログ2001、生体医学用のポリエチレン・グリコールと誘導体)、ハンツビル、アラバマ州から入手できる。
mPEG-5Kプロピオン酸スクシンイミジルの一般的な製造法は、米国特許第5,672,662号(シアウォーター・ポリマーズ社)と上記の“材料と方法”のセクションに記載されている。
GPC分析:所望の生成物:M-PEG(5,000)-チオール(11)、収率96.05%;M-PEG(5,000)-プロピオン酸、収率0.57%;還元されなかった二量体(10)、3.07%。NMR (d6-DMSO):1.52ppm (t, 1H, -SH);2.31ppm (t, 2H, -CH2-CO-);2.66ppm (dt, 2H, -CH2-S-);3.21ppm (s, 3H, -OCH3);3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格);8.05ppm (t, 1H, -NH-)。
メトキシ-PEG-20K-チオールを、求電子基で活性化された別のPEGであるmPEG-20Kブタン酸,N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)エステル(mPEG-20Kブタン酸スクシンイミジルとも呼ばれる)から高収率かつ高純度で製造した。このPEGは、シアウォーター社(現社名はネクター・セラピューティクス社)(シアウォーター・カタログ2001、生体医学用のポリエチレン・グリコールと誘導体)、ハンツビル、アラバマ州から市販されいる。
mPEG-5Kブタン酸スクシンイミジルの一般的な製造法は、米国特許第5,672,662号(シアウォーター・ポリマーズ社)と上記の“材料と方法”のセクションに記載されている。
乾燥後の収量:9.20g。HPLC分析:mPEG(20K)-チオール(13)96.0%、M-PEG(20,000)-ブタン酸1.5%、還元されなかった二量体2.5%である。
以下に示すように、PEG-40K-ジ-チオール(18)を二官能PEG試薬であるPEG-40Kジカルボン酸から製造した。
収量33.1g。1H NMR (d6-DMSO):3.51ppm (s, PEG骨格);4.02ppm (4H, -OCH2COO-)。
Claims (47)
- 水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドのチオール選択的誘導体の製造方法であって、以下のステップ:
(i)カルボン酸、カルボン酸エステル、カーボネート・エステル、炭酸、酸ハロゲン化物、及び無水物からなる群から選ばれる求電子基(“-E”)で活性化された1つの末端を有する水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドセグメント(“POLY”)を含む精製された水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドを用意し、そして
(ii)上記ポリアルキレンオキシドと、一級アミノ、二級アミノ、ヒドロキシ、イミノ、チオール、及びチオエステルからなる群から選ばれる求核基(“-NU”);チオール、保護チオール、マレイミド、及びヨードアセトアミドからなる群から選ばれるチオール選択部(“S”);及びNUとSとの間に介在する直線状の基(-Y-)を含むNU−Y−S構造の分子とを、上記求電子基と該求核基との間の反応を促進するために有効な条件下で反応させて、チオール、保護チオール、シスタミン、マレイミド、及びヨードアセトアミドからなる群から選ばれるチオール選択的末端を含むポリアルキレンオキシド生成物(“POLY-X−Y-S”){式中、Xは、上記求電子試薬と上記求核試薬との反応により生じる基であり、そして水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントの公称平均分子量が、1000ダルトン〜50,000ダルトンである}を形成する
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記チオール選択部がジスルフィドであり、かつ前記方法が、前記POLY-Sの該ジスルフィド結合を還元して末端チオールを有するポリアルキレンオキシド(POLY-X−Y−SH)を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(ii)由来の前記POLY-X−Y−S生成物が、95重量%を超える一官能基置換されたPOLY-X−Y−Sを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(ii)由来の前記POLY-X−Y−S生成物が、5%未満の二官能基置換POLY-X−Y−Sを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(i)由来の前記水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドを、当該反応ステップ前に精製するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(i)由来の前記水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドを、当該反応前に精製するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記精製ステップが、クロマトグラフィーによる分離又は化学的分離を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記精製ステップが、イオン交換クロマトグラフィーを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ステップ(i)で用意される前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが、5%未満のポリアルキレン・オキシド・ジオールを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記求核基が一級アミノ又は二級アミノである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルケニルオキシ、置換アルケニルオキシ、アルキニルオキシ、置換アルキニルオキシ、アリールオキシ、及び置換アリールオキシからなる群から選ばれる末端キャップ基を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記反応分子がシスタミン又はシステアミンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが、1000〜40,000ダルトンの公称平均分子量を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記チオール選択部がチオールであり、かつ前記方法が、POLY-Sチオールを、タンパク質のチオール又は保護チオールと反応させて、ジスルフィド結合されたポリアルキレンオキシド-タンパク質複合体(“POLY-X−Y−S-S-タンパク質”)を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記POLY-SHを、タンパク質のチオール又は保護チオールと反応させて、ジスルフィド結合されたポリアルキレンオキシド-タンパク質複合体(“POLY-X−Y−S-S-タンパク質”)を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが、直線構造、分岐状構造、フォーク状構造、多数のアーム構造からなる群から選ばれる構造を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが加水分解可能な結合を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分子が求核基(-NU)を含む対称ジスルフィド試薬であり、かつ前記反応ステップにより、中央にジスルフィド結合を有する対称な水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドが形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 以下の:
(i)求電子基で活性化されたポリアルキレンオキシド:
POLY-L0,1-E
[式中、
POLYは、水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントであり、
Lは、任意のリンカーであり、
Eは、カルボン酸、カルボン酸エステル、カーボネート・エステル、炭酸、酸ハロゲン化物、及び無水物からなる群から選ばれる求電子基である]
を用意するステップと、
(ii)上記POLY-L0,1-Eを、対称ジスルフィド試薬:
(NU-Y-S-)2
[式中、
NUは、一級アミノ、二級アミノ、ヒドロキシ、イミノ、チオール、及びチオエステルからなる群から選ばれる求核基であり、
Yは、アルキレン、置換アルキレン、シクロアルキレン、置換シクロアルキレン、アリール、置換アリールであって、2〜10個の炭素原子を含むものからなる群の中から選ばれ、そして
Sは、イオウ原子である]
と、EとNUのとの間の反応を促進するために有効な条件下で反応させて、それにより
POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-S-Y-X-L0,1-POLY((POLY-L0,1-X-Y-Z-)2)
[式中、Xは、EとNUの間の反応から生じる基である]
を形成するステップを含む方法。 - 以下のステップ:
(iii)(POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-)2中のジスルフィド結合を還元して、POLY-L0,1-X-Y-SHを形成するステップ
をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。 - L1が、C1-C10アルキル及び置換C1-C10アルキルからなる群から選ばれるリンカーである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- L1が、(CH2)、(CH2)2、(CH2)3、(CH2)4、及び(CH2)5からなる群から選ばれるリンカーである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- Eが、カルボン酸、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- Eが、カルボン酸、活性化カルボン酸エステル、酸ハロゲン化物、及び活性無水物からなる群から選ばれる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- EがN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジル・エステルである、請求項24に記載の方法。
- NUが、アミノ、ヒドロキシ、イミノ、及びチオールからなる群から選ばれる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- NUが、-NH2である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- Xが、アミド、カルバメート、カーボネート・エステル、エーテル、及びチオエステルからなる群から選ばれる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- POLYが、末端キャップされる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- Lが存在しない(L0)か又は-CH2-であり、かつEがN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジル・エステル又は1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾリル・カーボネートである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記対称なジスルフィド試薬がシスタミンであり、ここでNUが一級アミノであり、かつYが-(CH2)2-である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- ポリアルキレンオキシド-タンパク質複合体の製造方法であって、以下のステップ:
(i)求電子基で活性化されたポリアルキレンオキシド:
POLY-L0,1-E
[式中、
POLYは、水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントであり、
Lは、任意のリンカーであり、
Eは、カルボン酸、カルボン酸エステル、カーボネート・エステル、炭酸、酸ハロゲン化物及び無水物からなる群から選ばれる求電子基である]
を用意し、
(ii)前記POLY-L0,1-Eを、対称ジスルフィド試薬:
(NU-Y-S-)2
[式中、
NUは、一級アミノ、二級アミノ、ヒドロキシ、イミノ、チオール及びチオエステルからなる群から選ばれる求核基であり、
Yは、C2-C10アルキル、置換C2-C10アルキル、アリール、及び置換アリールからなる群から選ばれ、
Sは、イオウ原子である]
と、EとNUとの間の反応を促進するため有効な条件下で反応させて、それにより
POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-S-Y-X-L0,1-POLY((POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-)2)
[式中、XはEとNUの間の反応から生じる基である]
を形成し、
(iii)(POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-)2のジスルフィド結合を還元してPOLY-L0,1-X-Y-SHを形成し、そして
(iv)POLY-L0,1-X-Y-SHを、タンパク質のチオール又は保護チオール基と反応させて、タンパク質複合体:POLY-L0,1-X-Y-S-S-タンパク質を形成するステップ
を含む方法。 - 前記タンパク質が治療用タンパク質である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 以下の構造式:
POLY-L 1 -C(O)G-Y-S-W
[式中、
POLYは、水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントであり、
Lは、リンカーであり、
Gは、O、NH、及びSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子であり、
Yは、C2-C10アルキレン、置換アルキレン、シクロアルキレン、置換シクロアルキレン、アリール、及び置換アリールからなる群から選ばれ、
Sは、イオウ原子であり、そして
Wは、H又は保護基であり、
ここで、上記水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドセグメントの公称平均分子量は、1000ダルトン〜50000ダルトンである]
を有する活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。 - Lが、1〜10個の炭素原子を含む脂肪族リンカーである、請求項34に記載の活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。
- Lが、(CH2)、(CH2)2、(CH2)3、(CH2)4、及び(CH2)5からなる群から選ばれるリンカーである、請求項34に記載の活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。
- 前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが、1000〜40,000ダルトンの公称平均分子量を有する、請求項34に記載の活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。
- 前記ポリアルキレンオキシドが、直線構造、分岐状構造、フォーク状構造、及び多数のアーム構造からなる群から選ばれる構造を有する、請求項34に記載の活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。
- 以下の:
W-S-Y-G-(O)C-L 1 -POLY-L 1 -C(O)G-Y-S-W
で表される構造を含む、請求項34に記載の活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。 - 以下の:
POLY-L 1 -C(O)G-Y-Q
[式中、
POLYは、水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントであり、
Lは、リンカーであり、
Gは、O、NH、及びSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子であり、
Yは、C2-C10アルキレン、置換アルキレン、シクロアルキレン、置換シクロアルキレン、アリール、及び置換アリールからなる群から選ばれ、そして
Qは、チオール、保護チオール、マレイミド、及びヨードアセトアミドからなる群から選ばれ、
ここで上記水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシドセグメントの公称平均分子量が、1000ダルトン〜50000ダルトンである]
で表される構造を含む活性化ポリアルキレンオキシド。 - 請求項34〜40のいずれか1項に記載の活性化ポリアルキレンオキシドを含む組成物。
- 95重量%を超えて一官能基生成物を含む、請求項41に記載の組成物。
- 以下の:
POLY-L1-C(O)G-Y-S-S-薬剤
[式中、
POLYは、水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントであり、
Lは、リンカーであり、
Gは、O、NH、及びSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子であり、
Yは、C2-C10アルキレン、置換アルキレン、シクロアルキレン、置換シクロアルキレン、アリール、及び置換アリールからなる群から選ばれ、
ここで、上記水溶性ポリアルキレンオキシド・セグメントの公称平均分子量が、1000ダルトン〜50000ダルトンである]
で表される構造を含むポリアルキレンオキシド複合体。 - 前記薬剤が、タンパク質、ペプチド、及び小分子からなる群から選ばれる、請求項43に記載のポリアルキレンオキシド複合体。
- 請求項43に記載のポリアルキレンオキシド複合体を含む組成物。
- 医薬用賦形剤をさらに含む、請求項45に記載の組成物。
- 薬剤を、必要としている対象にデリバリーする方法であって、請求項43に記載のポリアルキレンオキシドー複合体を投与する操作を含む、前記方法。
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WO2001007013A2 (en) † | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-01 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of New Jersey | Thioamide moiety-containing polymer drug conjugates |
US6413507B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2002-07-02 | Shearwater Corporation | Hydrolytically degradable carbamate derivatives of poly (ethylene glycol) |
KR100346994B1 (ko) † | 2000-01-11 | 2002-07-31 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 술폰산화 폴리에틸렌옥사이드가 결합된 생체적합성 의료용금속 재료 및 이의 제조 방법 |
TW593427B (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2004-06-21 | Nektar Therapeutics Al Corp | Synthesis of high molecular weight non-peptidic polymer derivatives |
ATE399185T1 (de) * | 2002-12-31 | 2008-07-15 | Nektar Therapeutics Al Corp | Maleinsäureamid polymerderivate und ihre biokonjugate |
DE60329627D1 (de) * | 2002-12-31 | 2009-11-19 | Nektar Therapeutics Al Corp | Hydrolysestabile maleimidendgruppen-enthaltende polymere |
JP4490413B2 (ja) | 2003-01-06 | 2010-06-23 | ネクター セラピューティクス アラバマ,コーポレイション | チオール選択的水溶性ポリマー誘導体 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20050090074A (ko) | 2005-09-12 |
KR101177340B1 (ko) | 2012-08-30 |
KR20120007080A (ko) | 2012-01-19 |
US20130079555A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
US20150224207A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
ATE485331T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
AU2004204136A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US7910661B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
CA2509939A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US9333267B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
JP2006517600A (ja) | 2006-07-27 |
CA2509939C (en) | 2013-05-21 |
DE602004029646D1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
EP1581582A1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
EP1581582B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US20110034643A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
AU2004204136B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
KR101207247B1 (ko) | 2012-12-03 |
US9040658B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
US20140330041A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
US8722032B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
WO2004063250A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1581582B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
US20050014903A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
MXPA05007348A (es) | 2005-10-05 |
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