JP4485283B2 - 低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒 - Google Patents
低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
CH4+H2O→2CO+3H2 ………………………………………………(1)
CO+H2O→CO2+H2 …………………………………………………(2)
CH4+2H2O→CO2+4H2 ………………………………………………(3)
CH4→C+2H2 …………………………………………………………(4)
(イ)非鉄金属酸化物の被覆を設けることにより、発泡ガラス担体に担持した鉄触媒の活性を従来のニッケル触媒と同程度まで高めることができる。
(ロ)環境や人体に影響の少ない鉄を触媒活性成分として用いるので、水素製造時の安全性を高めると共に、カーボン・ナノフィラメントが固定された触媒の電波吸収体等としての利用促進を図ることができる。
(ハ)担体として安価なガラス廃材製の発泡ガラスを用いることができ、直接分解用触媒、ひいては水素の製造コストの削減に貢献できる。
(ニ)水素製造後に残るカーボン・ナノフィラメントが固定した発泡ガラス担体は、電波吸収体、マイクロ波照吸収発熱体、ロードヒーティング仕上げ層の伝熱性向上材、アスファルト混和材、水処理材等として有効に利用できる。
本発明の低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒の活性を確認するため、連続気孔型の3つの発泡ガラスFG(15×15×15mm)を用いて実験を行なった。2つの発泡ガラスFGは、アルミニウム塩水溶液(1.0mol/l)及びカルシウム塩水溶液(1.0mol/l)をそれぞれ含浸させて非鉄金属酸化物(アルミナ又は酸化カルシウム(CaO))で被覆したのち、硝酸鉄の水溶液又はエタノール溶液を含浸させて鉄を担持させた(以下、これらの触媒をFe/Al2O3被覆FG、Fe/CaO被覆FGと表す)。残りの発泡ガラスFGは、対照のため、非鉄金属酸化物で被覆せずに鉄を担持させた(以下、この触媒をFe/FGと表す)。調製した3つの触媒1を図2の常圧固定床流通型反応装置2の反応管3内に設置し、反応温度800℃に加熱しつつ反応管3の一端側からメタンガスを60ミリリットル/分の流速で送入し、反応管3の他端側から排出される生成ガスの分析により各触媒1のメタン転化率を算出した。実験結果を図1のグラフに示す。
次に、実験例1によるメタン分解反応後の炭素が固定された発泡ガラス体FG(Fe/Al2O3被覆FG)を2.45GHz、600Wの電磁波が出る電子レンジに入れ、電磁波を照射して電磁波吸収性能を確認する実験を行なった。本実験では、触媒に対する電磁波の照射を開始したのち発泡ガラス体FGが赤熱・炎上するまでに要する時間(赤熱・炎上時間)から、電磁波吸収性能を定性的に評価した。炭素が固定された発泡ガラス体FGは照射開始10秒前後で赤熱・炎上したのに対し、比較のためメタン分解反応を行った他の多孔体の赤熱・炎上時間を計測したところ赤熱・炎上までに平均45秒程度必要であった。この実験結果から、炭素が固定された発泡ガラス体FGは、他の多孔体触媒に比し、高い電磁波吸収性能を有していることを確認できた。その理由として、発泡ガラスFGの気孔の分布や径の大きさが炭素の効率的分布に深く関与し、発泡ガラスFGでは炭素の効率的に分布していることから高い電磁波吸収性能を発揮したものと推測できる。
mol/l、2.0mol/lと変えて4種類のFe/Al2O3被覆FG(15×15×15mm)を調製し、反応温度700℃で各触媒の活性を比較する実験を行なった。その結果、濃度0.1mol/lで調製したFe/Al2O3被覆FGのメタン転化率は、反応温度到達時から240分まで約3%以下と非常に低かった。これは、非鉄金属酸化物の被覆処理が不十分であることが原因であると考えられる。
2…常圧固定床流通型反応装置
3…(石英製)反応管
Claims (10)
- 発泡ガラス担体の表面に非鉄金属酸化物の被覆を介して鉄を担持させてなる低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒。
- 請求項1の触媒において、前記担体に非鉄金属塩溶液を含浸させて乾燥・焼成したのち、鉄塩溶液を含浸させて乾燥・焼成することにより製造してなる低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒。
- 請求項1の触媒において、前記担体に非鉄金属塩及び鉄塩の混合溶液を含浸させて乾燥・焼成することにより製造してなる低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒。
- 請求項1から3の何れかの触媒において、前記非鉄金属酸化物をアルミナとしてなる低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒。
- 請求項1から4の何れかの触媒において、前記発泡ガラスを、廃ガラスの粉砕物に発泡剤を加えて溶融発泡させた塊状多孔体としてなる低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒。
- 請求項5の触媒において、前記発泡ガラスを、独立気泡に比し連続気孔の割合が高いものとしてなる低級炭化水素直接分解用触媒。
- 表面に非鉄金属酸化物の被覆を介して鉄を担持させた発泡ガラス体に、分解温度下で低級炭化水素ガスを接触させて前記表面に炭素を生成させてなる炭素付着発泡ガラス体。
- 請求項7の発泡ガラス体において、前記低級炭化水素ガスの主成分をメタンガスとしてなる炭素付着発泡ガラス体。
- 請求項7又は8の発泡ガラス体において、前記発泡ガラス体を、廃ガラスの粉砕物に発泡剤を加えて溶融発泡させた塊状多孔体としてなる炭素付着発泡ガラス体。
- 請求項7から9の何れかの発泡ガラス体において、前記発泡ガラス体を、独立気泡に比し連続気孔の割合が高いものとしてなる炭素付着発泡ガラス体。
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JP4899025B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-23 | 2012-03-21 | 信三 鈴木 | カーボンナノチューブの製造方法及びカーボンナノチューブ構成物 |
JP4666985B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-28 | 2011-04-06 | 国立大学法人北見工業大学 | 低級炭化水素の直接分解装置 |
JP6016336B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-25 | 2016-10-26 | 国立大学法人北見工業大学 | アスファルト材料の製造方法 |
JP6851860B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2021-03-31 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | 水素製造用触媒及び水素の製造方法 |
CN116060004A (zh) * | 2021-10-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种铁碳缓释材料及其制备方法与应用 |
JP7469354B2 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2024-04-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 微細金属粒子の製造方法 |
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JP2004002182A (ja) * | 2002-03-25 | 2004-01-08 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 配向性カーボンナノチューブ膜およびその製造方法 |
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