JP4473760B2 - Indoor lighting design method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an indoor lighting design method.

  Conventionally, various illumination design methods have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  The design of indoor lighting is carried out by some specialists who have expertise in lighting. Here, the lighting design is changed to “appropriate lighting fixtures to satisfy the required brightness and atmosphere in the room”. In the broad sense, “selecting”, it can be considered that a general user's act of selecting a lighting apparatus suitable for his / her room by looking at a catalog or the like is also a part of the lighting design.

  Conventionally, in order to be a guide for lighting design for such general users, in addition to information about lighting fixtures (such as the number of light sources W) and lighting fixtures, for example, for lighting fixtures, In the case of ceiling lights, the size of the room where the horizontal illuminance of the JIS illuminance standard level is generally satisfied is specified based on the result of illuminance calculation from the light distribution data of each fixture, and the number of tatami mats is “for 6-8 tatami mats” It was written in the catalog. Further, in order to convey to the user the atmosphere of the space when the lighting fixture is installed in the room, a method of posting an image photograph or CG image in which the fixture is installed in the model room has been adopted.

A specific example of a conventional indoor lighting design method is shown in the flowchart of FIG. First, the required illuminance is determined in accordance with the usage of the room (step S101), and a lighting fixture suitable for the usage and atmosphere is selected (step S102). Next, the room coefficient determined by the shape of the room such as the room entrance, depth, and ceiling height is calculated (step S103), and the illumination rate is determined from the light distribution data of the luminaire provided by the lighting manufacturer (step S103). S104). Furthermore, the maintenance rate is determined by the use state of the room (the degree of contamination of the lighting fixture depending on the amount of dust and the degree of ventilation) (step S105). Formula E = F ・ N ・ U ・ M / A
E: Required illuminance (lx)
F: luminous flux of light source (lm)
N: Number of fixtures U: Lighting rate M: Maintenance rate A: Room area (m ² )
Is used to determine the number of lighting fixtures that satisfy the required illuminance (step S106). Ultimately, the layout of lighting fixtures is determined in consideration of the shape of the room, and then the actual number of installations is determined.
JP-A-9-320311 JP 2003-151308 A

  The above-mentioned conventional method of displaying the number of tatami mats can provide information on whether or not the illuminance on the horizontal plane when a single lighting fixture is arranged satisfies a specified level, but when using multiple lighting fixtures, When using different lighting fixtures in combination, it is necessary to calculate the illuminance from the light distribution data of each lighting fixture. Such work is complicated, and unless you are a person with some specialized knowledge It was impossible. In addition, it has been clarified from past research results that in a room with indirect lighting or wall lighting, the brightness when viewing the entire room cannot be defined only by the horizontal illuminance.

  In addition, the conventional method of posting image photographs and CG images in the catalog can only convey the impression of lighting under certain specific conditions, and various room conditions (interior and arrangement of equipment) desired by the user. I haven't been able to convey the impression of lighting in the city.

  The conventional indoor lighting design method shown in FIG. 21 is based on average illuminance, and is effective in a uniform lighting environment in which one type of lighting fixture is evenly arranged on the ceiling. It is difficult to apply when using luminaires or indirect lighting. In addition, the present invention is not applicable when the brightness of the appearance is questioned in a non-uniform lighting environment such as using a lighting device installed with a stand or a bracket.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned reasons, and its purpose is in a highly design room mainly composed of indirect lighting and wall lighting with a plurality of lamps in one room, in consideration of room conditions, It is an object of the present invention to provide an indoor lighting design method that allows a general user who does not have expertise in lighting to easily select a lighting fixture and a combination of lighting fixtures that realize a lighting environment with a brightness feeling suitable for a room use.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a color chart in which the luminance of the surface is changed using a light source different from the light source of the lighting fixture that illuminates the room is provided in the room, and the color chart viewed from the occupants is in the room. Color mode boundary, which is the brightness of the color chart when an unnatural color is seen, which is halfway between the brightness level recognized as a placed object and the brightness level recognized as a light source that emits light Based on the brightness, the required brightness sensation unit is set as a unit for evaluating the required brightness determined according to the room to be lit, and the luminaire individual brightness is evaluated as a unit for evaluating the luminaire individual brightness under a predetermined condition. A brightness sensation unit is set, and a luminaire to be used is selected so that an added value of the brightness sensation unit of each luminaire to be used becomes a required brightness sensation unit of the room.

  According to the present invention, in a highly designed room mainly composed of indirect lighting with multiple lamps in one room and wall lighting, the lighting environment with a feeling of brightness suitable for the usage of the room is taken into consideration in consideration of the room conditions. A general user who does not have lighting expertise can easily select a lighting fixture and a combination of lighting fixtures to be realized.

  The invention of claim 2 is the color mode according to claim 1, wherein the color chart is arranged at substantially the center of the rectangular room, and the occupant sees the color chart from substantially the center of any one wall surface of the rectangular room. The boundary luminance is measured.

  According to the present invention, when the color mode boundary luminance is measured in a rectangular room, the color mode boundary luminance used for setting the brightness sensation unit can be measured more accurately and efficiently.

  The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the color mode boundary luminance of each luminaire is measured such that the position of the color chart viewed from the occupant does not overlap the position of the light source of the luminaire. And

  According to the present invention, the color mode boundary luminance used for setting the brightness sensation unit of each lighting fixture can be measured more accurately and efficiently.

  The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the brightness unit of each lighting fixture is set according to the installation position and irradiation direction of the lighting fixture.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to deal with lighting fixtures having various variations with respect to the installation position and the irradiation direction, and the range of selection related to the lighting design of the user can be expanded.

  The invention of claim 5 is the illumination and color mode boundary in the case of general illumination with a light source of diffused light distribution from the ceiling in a room of a predetermined condition for setting a brightness sensation unit for each lighting fixture. Deriving a relational expression with luminance, then determining the required illuminance for general illumination of a room with the above-mentioned conditions with a diffused light source from the ceiling, depending on the use of the room, and then to an arbitrary size In the room of the above, when calculating the amount of luminous flux that secures the required illuminance determined according to the use of the room with a light source of diffuse light distribution, and then illuminating the room of the predetermined condition with a light source of diffuse light distribution, The color mode boundary calculated by calculating the illuminance when illuminated with the calculated luminous flux, and then substituting the illuminance when illuminated with the calculated luminous flux into the relational expression between the illuminance and the color mode boundary luminance. Using luminance, it can be of any size Characterized in that it set the required brightness sensation unit of ya.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to deal with a room of an arbitrary size, and it is possible to realize an expansion of the application range of lighting design.

  The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the required brightness unit is changed according to the person using the room to be illuminated.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize an illumination environment with a feeling of brightness that matches the visual characteristics of the target occupant.

  As described above, in the present invention, in a high-design room mainly composed of indirect lighting with multiple lamps in one room and wall lighting, a brightness feeling suitable for the usage of the room is taken into account. There is an effect that a general user who does not have lighting expertise can easily select a lighting fixture and a combination of lighting fixtures that realize the lighting environment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
In the indoor lighting design method of the present invention, when installing a lighting fixture in an indoor space, an indoor lighting that determines what lighting fixture needs to be installed in order to achieve the required brightness and atmosphere. This relates to the illumination design method, and its flowchart is shown in FIG.

  First, a required brightness sensation evaluation unit Y (hereinafter, “brightness sensation evaluation unit” is referred to as “brightness sensation unit”) is determined based on color mode boundary luminance described later (step S1), and the room The installation position of the lighting fixture is determined from the shape and interior layout (step S2).

  Then, the brightness unit Xi for each lighting device is set based on the color mode boundary luminance of each lighting device under standard conditions, and the sum of the brightness units Xi for each lighting device is the required brightness of the room. A lighting fixture suitable for the purpose and atmosphere of the room is selected so as to be the unit of sensitivity Y (step S3).

  In other words, by setting the “brightness sensation unit” that defines the sense of brightness in the space for each luminaire, the luminaire and the illuminator that realize the lighting environment with the required luminosity in consideration of room conditions A feature of the present invention is that a general user who does not have the specialized knowledge necessary for the above-mentioned conventional luminous flux method can easily select a combination of appliances by simple addition.

  In the present invention, as a method of quantitatively grasping the above “brightness sensation unit”, measurement of color mode boundary luminance in the concept of illumination recognition visual space (Reference 1: Measurement of brightness size of illumination recognition visual space). Color patches placed in an illuminated room (hereinafter referred to as test patches) using the evaluation of the brightness of the space in the environment, Journal of the Illuminating Science Society of Japan, Vol. 86, No. 11, 2002, P830-836, Yamaguchi et al. Is viewed as seen from the occupants (subjects) as a level of brightness that is recognized as an object (object color) placed in the room and a light source (light source color) that emits light. By measuring the brightness level (called “color mode boundary brightness”), which is in the middle of the brightness level of the object, the color looks unnatural as an object placed in the room. Determine the brightness of the room One in which to represent.

  It has also been shown that color mode boundary luminance additivity holds in non-uniform lighting environments (Reference 2: Additivity of spatial brightness in non-uniform lighting environments, 36th National Congress of the Illuminating Society of Japan) Proceedings, P154, 2003, Yamaguchi et al.) When a certain lighting environment Z1 is the sum of the lighting environments Z2 and Z3, the color in the lighting environment Z1 is the sum of the color mode boundary luminances in the lighting environments Z2 and Z3. It has been demonstrated that mode boundary luminance can be predicted.

  From the above, by measuring the color mode boundary luminance in the concept of illumination recognition visual space, the sense of brightness of the space can be quantitatively grasped, and the sense of brightness of the room where a certain lighting fixture is installed is defined. It can be said that it is technically possible to set “brightness sensation unit”.

  First, an example in which the evaluation of the brightness of a room with different interiors by color mode boundary luminance is performed using a miniature model assuming a 10 tatami living room will be described below.

  The structure of the miniature model used is shown in FIG. 2, and the room R is a rectangular parallelepiped having a width of 45 cm, a depth of 36 cm, and a height of 25 cm, and a light source 1 simulating a ceiling light with a milky acrylic glove installed in the center of the ceiling R2. The room is illuminated almost uniformly. In addition, the light source 1 can adjust the light amount by changing the distance from the acrylic glove of a light bulb type fluorescent lamp (bulb color) installed behind the ceiling R2 and inserting a neutral density filter. ing. The furniture of the sofas 2a and 2b, the table 3a, and the low board 4a installed on the indoor floor R3 is all made of matte, achromatic, single brightness color charts.

  FIG. 3 shows the five indoor environments H, M, L, H−, L +, and the reference environment H0 studied in this embodiment, and includes a wall R1, a ceiling R2, a floor R3, sofas 2a and 2b, and a table. 3a and the lightness and reflectance of the low board 4a are shown for each environment. The lightness is indicated by Munsell value, and the numbers in parentheses indicate reflectance.

  Environments H and H0 are configured with color charts of medium to high brightness, environment M is configured such that the overall reflectance is ½ compared to environment H, and environment L is the environment. Compared to M, the overall reflectance is ½.

  The environment H- has the same reflectance as that of the environment R on the wall R1 and the ceiling R2 as the background of the test patch for measuring the color mode boundary luminance, but the floor R3, the sofa 2a, and the low board 4a have a low reflectance. It is an environment that has been replaced with something.

  The environment L + is an environment in which the reflection of the wall R1 and the ceiling R2 serving as the background of the test patch is the same as that of the environment L, but the floor R3, the sofa 2a, and the low board 4a are replaced with a high reflectance.

  For the five indoor environments H, M, L, H-, and L +, the illuminance (floor illuminance) on the floor R3 in the center of the room is set to three levels of 75 lx, 150 lx, and 300 lx, and the indoor brightness feeling evaluation is performed. Carried out.

  The content of the evaluation performed is composed of two tasks, a brightness feeling evaluation task that is a conventional method and a color mode boundary luminance setting task that is a method of the present invention. Then, using the miniature model, a reference room for the environment H0 and five comparison rooms for the environments H, M, L, H−, and L + are created, and the subject is a reference room for the environment H0 that is placed next to the dark room. Evaluation of the feeling of brightness and setting of the color mode boundary luminance were performed on two miniature models with a comparison room of any one of the five environments H, M, L, H−, and L +.

  The magnitude estimation method (ME method) is used for brightness evaluation, which is a conventional method, and the ME method is the brightness of a reference room (reference space) in which the environment for comparison is set in the miniature model. This is a method of responding with a number corresponding to 100 to the degree of brightness of the comparison room (the space of another environment) to be compared when the feeling is 100. In the present embodiment, the reference environment is H0, which is the same environment as the environment H, and the evaluation is performed on the basis of three levels of floor illuminance in the environment H0: 75 lx, 150 lx, and 300 lx. That is, a total of 15 conditions when the floor illuminance is set to three levels of 75 lx, 150 lx, and 300 lx for the above five environments H, M, L, H−, and L + with the floor illuminance of 75 lx as the reference in the environment H0. Brightness evaluation, 15 conditions of brightness feeling evaluation based on the floor illuminance of 150 lx in the environment H0, and 15 conditions of brightness feeling evaluation based on the floor illuminance of 300 lx in the environment H0 Was done.

  For the color mode boundary luminance setting which is the method of the present invention, the test patch luminance presentation device 5 shown in FIG. 4 is reduced in accordance with a miniature model using a small light source.

  The test patch luminance presentation device 5 includes a light source box 5a containing a light source system 5b configured by a slide projector using a halogen light bulb as a light source, and an optical system box containing a rotational density filter 5d. 5c, a movable flat mirror 5e, and a test patch T provided at a height of 1100 mm from the installation plate 5a by a support 5f. The test patch T is locally illuminated by the light passing through the rotational density filter 5d from the light source system 5b reflected by the movable plane mirror 5e. The subject can freely adjust the brightness of the test patch T by rotating the rotational density filter 5d with a switch at hand. Further, the test patch T is inclined at an angle of 45 ° downward so that the irradiation surface is hardly affected by illumination. The test patch T has a size of 60 mm × 60 mm, and the irradiated surface is made of N5 and gray paper.

  The specific procedure for evaluation will be described below. First, the subject observes the reference room of the environment H0 in which the floor illuminance is set to a certain illuminance among three levels of 75 lx, 150 lx, and 300 lx, and operates the test patch luminance presentation device 5 placed in the room, The color mode boundary luminance of the test patch T is set continuously three times. Next, a comparison room of an environment among the five environments H, M, L, H−, and L + is observed with the floor illuminance set to a certain illuminance in three stages of 75 lx, 150 lx, and 300 lx, The test patch luminance presentation device 5 is operated to set the color mode boundary luminance of the test patch T three times continuously. After that, the ME method is used to answer the brightness feeling of the comparison room numerically when the brightness feeling of the reference room is set to 100.

  Furthermore, the color mode boundary luminance setting and the evaluation by the ME method when the floor surface illuminance of the comparison room is changed while the floor illuminance of the reference room is kept the same are performed. Then, the floor illuminance of the comparison room is set in the above three stages in order, and the color mode boundary luminance setting and evaluation by the ME method are performed for each floor illuminance.

  Then, by performing the same task as described above while changing the floor surface illuminance of the reference room and the environment of the comparison room, the three levels of floor surface illuminance and 5 for the reference room of the environment H0 set to the three levels of floor surface illuminance, respectively. The ME evaluation values (total 45 conditions) of the comparison chamber 15 conditions of the six environments H, M, L, H−, and L + and the six environments H0, H, M, L, H−, and L + shown in FIG. The color mode boundary luminance setting values (18 conditions in all) at the three levels of floor surface illumination are obtained. The subjects who participated in the evaluation are four people with normal color vision and visual acuity.

  FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the color mode boundary luminance setting result of one subject HY (FIG. 5A) and the average of the color mode boundary luminance setting results of four subjects (FIG. 5B). The horizontal axis represents the horizontal illuminance (floor illuminance) at the center of the floor, the vertical axis represents the color mode boundary luminance set by the subject, and both axes are logarithmic scales. In the figure, the black circle indicates the color mode boundary luminance of the environment H0, which is the reference room for the evaluation of brightness feeling by the ME method, and the white circle, white triangle, white square, black circle, and black square are respectively shown below. The color mode boundary luminance in the environments H, M, L, H−, and L + is shown. Each plot of the graph of the subject HY shown in FIG. 5A is an average value of the boundary luminance setting value set three times under each condition, and each plot of the graph of the average of all subjects shown in FIG. The average value of the boundary luminance setting values for each subject is a value obtained by averaging four subjects, and the error bars displayed at the top and bottom of each plot indicate the standard deviation with respect to the average value of the four subjects.

  Here, it can be determined from the graph of FIG. 5 that the tendencies of the results of the test subject HY and the average results of all subjects are approximately the same, so the discussion is based on the results of the test subject HY (FIG. 5A). Add. First, naturally, there is no difference in the color mode boundary luminance at the floor illuminance of 300 lx between the environment H0 and the environment H that are the same environment. Next, when the environment H0 is compared with another environment, the color mode boundary luminance in the environment M is reduced to about 50% compared to the environment H0, and the color mode boundary luminance in the environment L is about 30 compared to the environment H0. % Has decreased. That is, even when the illuminance on the floor is the same, the color mode boundary luminance is changed by changing the interior reflectance.

  Therefore, looking at the relationship between the change amount of the interior reflectance and the change amount of the color mode boundary luminance, as shown in FIG. 3, the interior reflectance of the environment M is uniformly about 50% of the interior reflectance of the environment H0. The interior reflectance of the environment L is obtained by uniformly setting the interior reflectance of the environment H0 to about 25%. Therefore, it can be said that the change in the color mode boundary luminance corresponds to the uniform change in the interior reflectance.

  On the other hand, the color mode environment brightness in the environment H- in which the background of the test patch T is the same as the environment H is lower than the color mode environment brightness in the environment H and is reduced to about 70% compared to the environment H. The color mode environment brightness in the environment L + in which the background of T is the same as the environment L is higher than the color mode environment brightness in the environment L, and is reduced only to about 60% compared to the environment H. That is, it can be said from this result that the color mode boundary luminance is not determined only by the luminance of the near background of the test patch T.

  In other floor surface illuminances of 150 Lx and 75 Lx, the relationship between the environmental brightness of each color mode between the environments H0 and H and the other environments M, L, H−, and L + may be the same as the relationship in the floor surface illuminance of 300 lx. It is clear from the graph of FIG. That is, the lines connecting the symbols are substantially parallel to each other between the environments, and the position in the Y-axis direction is determined depending on the interior reflectance of the environment. These tendencies are the same in the average values of all subjects.

  Next, FIGS. 6A to 6C show the brightness of the spaces (comparison rooms) of other environments H, M, L, H−, and L + with respect to the space (reference room) based on the environment H0. The result evaluated by ME method is shown. The graph on the left shows the evaluation result of the subject HY, and the graph on the right shows the average value of the evaluation results of the four subjects. 6A shows the result when the reference room is set to the floor illuminance 300 lx, FIG. 6B shows the result when the reference room is set to the floor illuminance 150 lx, and FIG. 6C shows the reference room set to the floor illuminance 75 lx. is there. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the floor illuminance of the comparison room, and the vertical axis represents the value to which the subject answered the feeling of brightness of the comparison room when the brightness feeling of the reference room is 100. Each symbol in the figure is the same as in FIG.

  Hereinafter, the result of the subject HY in FIG. 6 will be considered. First, in FIG. 6A in which the reference room of the environment H0 is set to the floor illuminance of 300 lx, when the evaluation result of the other environment set to the floor illuminance of 300 lx is seen, the environment H that is the same environment as the environment H0 is seen. The brightness evaluation value for is approximately 100. The brightness evaluation value for the environment M in which the interior reflectance is uniformly reduced to 50% compared to the environment H0 is about 80, and the interior reflectance is uniformly reduced to 25% compared to the environment H0. The brightness evaluation value for the surrounding environment L was about 50. When the interior reflectance changed uniformly, the amount of change in color mode boundary luminance was equal to the amount of interior reflectance. However, the brightness evaluation value by the ME method was compared with the amount of interior reflectance. It can be seen that the amount of change is small. In addition, the brightness evaluation values for the environment H− and the environment L + both show values of 80 to 90, although the configuration of the interior reflectance is greatly different, so that there is not much difference. It was.

  In addition, in FIG. 6A, the evaluation result of each environment when the floor illuminance of the comparison room is set to 150 lx is almost uniformly reduced by 20 compared to the case where the floor illuminance is set to 300 lx. . Similarly, in FIG. 6A, the evaluation result of each environment when the floor illuminance of the comparison room is set to 75 lx is almost uniformly decreased by 20 compared to the case where the floor illuminance is set to 150 lx. . That is, in the case of the brightness feeling evaluation by the ME method as in the evaluation by the color mode boundary luminance setting shown in FIG. 5, the lines connecting the symbols are almost parallel to each other, so that the floor illuminance is bright. The influence on the feeling evaluation value is constant regardless of the environment, and it is considered that the absolute value of the brightness feeling evaluation value differs depending on the interior of each environment even if the floor illuminance is the same. These tendencies are the same in the average value of the evaluation results of the four subjects, FIG. 6B in which the reference room of the environment H0 is set to the floor illuminance 150 lx, and the reference room is set to the floor illuminance 75 lx. The same applies to 6 (c).

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing the correlation between the ratio in the logarithmic value of the color mode boundary luminance in the reference room and the comparison room on the horizontal axis and the brightness evaluation value by the ME method on the vertical axis. In this graph, the brightness feeling evaluation value obtained by the ME method is the ratio of the brightness feeling to the reference room, so the color mode boundary brightness setting is also the color mode boundary brightness in the reference room and the color mode boundary brightness in the comparison room. The ratio of color mode boundary luminance and the brightness feeling evaluation value of all subjects in all combinations of the reference room and the comparison room are plotted. It is. In the figure, the white rhombus indicates the correlation between the color mode boundary luminance and the brightness evaluation value when the floor illuminance of the reference room is 300 lx, and the gray rhombus indicates that the floor illuminance of the reference room is 150 lx. The correlation between the color mode boundary luminance and the brightness feeling evaluation value is shown, and the black rhombus indicates the correlation between the color mode boundary luminance and the brightness feeling evaluation value when the floor illuminance of the reference room is 75 lx.

  A straight line 10 in FIG. 7 is a straight line obtained by linear regression with respect to all plot points, and its determination coefficient is 0.82, which is a very high value. Therefore, it can be said that the brightness evaluation value of the comparison room with respect to the reference room is linearly proportional to the ratio between the logarithmic value of the color mode boundary luminance in the comparison room and the logarithmic value of the color mode boundary luminance in the reference room. Further, since the slope of the straight line 10 is 108.2, which is a value close to 100, it can be said that the ratio of the brightness evaluation value to the reference room and the logarithmic value of the color mode boundary luminance is equivalent. From the above, it was proved that the brightness of the space can be quantitatively described by the color mode boundary luminance even in the case of indoors with different interiors.

  Hereinafter, the indoor lighting design method of the present embodiment in which the “brightness unit” in the illuminated room is set by the color mode boundary luminance will be described. In the present embodiment, the unit of Feu is set as the brightness sensation unit, and is expressed by [Equation 1].

  First, as shown in FIG. 8, an area of 8 tatami mats (3500 mm × 3500 mm) divided on one side by a roll screen 8 (white, reflectivity 80%), a reflectivity 80% on the ceiling (white cross) and the wall (white cross), A rectangular residential room with a floor (flooring) reflectance of 10% is prepared as a standard measurement environment, and a test patch luminance presentation device 5 shown in FIG. 4 is used to measure various illuminations as shown in FIG. The color mode boundary luminance when the appliances La1 to La7 are individually arranged individually is measured, and the brightness sensation unit Xi (Feu value (feu)) for each lighting fixture is calculated based on the above [Equation 1]. Here, the individual brightness sensation units Xi of the lighting fixtures La1 to La7 are the lighting fixtures La1: 1feu, the lighting fixtures La2: 2feu, the lighting fixtures La3: 2feu, the lighting fixtures La4: 6feu, the lighting fixtures La5: 5feu, and the lighting fixtures La6. : 9 feu, lighting fixture La7: 8 feu.

Next, a ceiling-mounted ceiling light La20 with a milky acrylic cover as shown in FIG. 10 is installed in the center of the room in the measurement environment. The ceiling light La20 can be dimmed in the range of 25% to 100%, and when fully lit (dimming rate 100%), the color mode boundary luminance: 29.1 (cd / m ² ), brightness unit: 15 (feu), room center floor illuminance: 413 lx, lower limit lighting (dimming rate 25%), color mode boundary luminance: 10.1 (cd / m ² ), brightness unit: 5 (feu) The room center floor illuminance is 108 lx. Then, by subjecting four subjects to subjective evaluation, the color mode boundary luminance when the light is adjusted so as to have just the right brightness is measured, and the required brightness sensation unit Y in the measurement environment is set from [Equation 1]. In this case, taking the average of four subjects, the color mode boundary luminance is 16.4 (cd / m ² ), the brightness feeling unit is 8 (feu), the room center floor illuminance is 214 lx, and the required brightness feeling is obtained. The unit Y is 8 (feu). (Step S1 in FIG. 1).

  Next, the installation position of the lighting fixture is determined from the shape, interior layout, and size of the room. (Step S2 in FIG. 1).

  Next, a combination of lighting fixtures satisfying the required brightness sensation unit Y: 8 (feu) is selected from the lighting fixtures La1 to La7. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the lighting fixtures La1 (1 feu), La3 (2 feu), and La5 (5 feu) are combined, the sum of the brightness units Xi of the individual lighting fixtures becomes 1 feu + 2 feu + 5 feu = 8 feu. Satisfied. (Step S3 in FIG. 1).

  In this way, a general user who does not have specialized knowledge can easily select a combination of a lighting fixture and a lighting fixture that realizes a lighting environment having a required brightness feeling by simple addition.

(Embodiment 2)
In the present embodiment, the position of the test patch T when measuring the color mode boundary luminance will be described. First, the experimental equipment is shown in FIG. About 10 tatami mats by partitioning the experimental space imitating a full-sized living-dining-kitchen with a long side x short side of 7280mm x 6330mm with a light-shielding curtain 7 (light gray, reflectivity of about 50%) The 4500 mm × 3600 mm rectangular living room L was used. The sofa 2c and the side table 6a are arranged side by side at one end in the longitudinal direction in the room, the low board 4b is disposed at the other end in the longitudinal direction, and the sofas 2d and 2d are disposed at the wall side at one end in the lateral direction. As a device, a desk stand La8 of 60W × 1 lamp is arranged on the side table 6a next to the sofa 2c (one end side in the short direction), and 60W × 1 lamp is arranged beside the low board 4b (the other end side in the short direction). A floor stand La9 was arranged. The illuminance when both the stands La8 and La9 were turned on was about 30 lx on the floor surface at the center of the room, and the living room L had a brightness at the lower limit level of the living room in the JISZ9110 illuminance standard. And the test patch brightness | luminance presentation apparatus 5 is arrange | positioned on a floor.

  As shown in FIG. 12A, the observation condition for measuring the color mode boundary luminance in the living room L is that the test patch T is attached to the room in the living room L in which furniture and equipment are arranged as in FIG. The other end side in the longitudinal direction is the observation direction from the observation position P of the subject sitting on the sofa 2c on the one end side in the longitudinal direction, and the other end side in the longitudinal direction is the observation direction. The experiment was performed under three conditions, ie, T1 on the other end side in the short direction, T2 at the center in the short direction, and T3 on one end side in the short direction.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12 (b), the row board 4b is removed and the sofa 2d is disposed, and the test patch T is disposed at a position of 2700 mm from the other end in the longitudinal direction of the room to the other end in the longitudinal direction. One condition in the longitudinal direction from the observation position P of the subject sitting on the sofa 2d is the observation direction, and the test patch T is moved in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight of the subject, that is, T4 on the other end side in the short direction, short The experiment was also performed at three locations, T5 at the center in the hand direction and T6 at one end in the short direction.

  For each observation condition, (1) when only the floor stand La9 is lit, (2) when only the desk stand La8 is lit, (3) when both the desk stand La8 and the floor stand La9 are lit The color mode boundary luminance was measured for each.

  Then, the measurement with the above three lighting patterns is performed within one session, and the subject is changed every time one session ends, and the number of measurements is the first session: three times for each subject under the same conditions. 2nd session: 3 times, 3rd session: 2 times, 4th session: 2 times, a total of 10 measurements were performed, and the average value of 10 measurements was taken as the color mode boundary luminance value of each observation condition. did.

  FIG. 13 shows the experimental results in the living room L of FIG. 12A, and FIG. 14 shows the experimental results in the living room L of FIG. In the figure, the black diamond indicates that the floor stand La9 is lit only, the black square indicates that only the desk stand La8 is lit, the white triangle indicates that both the desk stand La8 and the floor stand La9 are lit, and x indicates the color mode of each lighting fixture alone Indicates the sum of boundary luminance. In FIGS. 13 and 14, when comparing only the case where only the floor stand La9 is lit and the case where only the desk stand La8 is lit, the color modes of the test patches T1 and T4 when the floorstand La9 is only lit. It can be seen that the difference between the boundary luminances is large, and when only the desk stand La8 is lit, the difference between the color mode boundary luminances of the test patches T3 and T6 is large. On the other hand, the difference between the color mode boundary luminances of the test patches T2 and T5 is small.

  That is, when setting the “brightness sensation unit” in the illuminated room by the color mode boundary luminance at a specific location, the color patch boundary luminance is measured by placing the test patch T in the approximate center of the room. The difference in observation direction is relatively small, and the measurement conditions are most appropriate.

  For example, a rectangular residential room similar to FIG. 8 of the first embodiment is prepared as a measurement environment, and various lighting fixtures La1 to La7 as shown in FIG. 9 are prepared using the test patch luminance presentation device 5 shown in FIG. When measuring the color mode boundary luminance when each is arranged alone, or adjusting the ceiling light La20 to set the required brightness sensation unit Y so that the brightness is just right by subjective evaluation of four subjects When measuring the color mode boundary luminance, a test patch T is arranged in the approximate center of the room in a state where the subject sits on the sofa 2e arranged along the approximate center of one wall surface as shown in FIG. By performing the above measurement, it is possible to measure more accurately and efficiently.

(Embodiment 3)
In FIG. 12A, when the test patch T1 is arranged, the light emitting portion of the floor stand La9 enters in the direction of the line of sight from the observation position P, and when the test patch T6 is arranged in FIG. The light emitting part of the desk stand La8 is in the line of sight from the observation position P, and the position of the light emitting part and the test patches T1, T6 overlaps in height. Thus, it is considered that the color mode boundary luminance is greatly influenced by the positional relationship between the test patch T and the light source (high luminance portion).

  From the above results, in the measurement of the color mode boundary luminance, the influence of the light source position is large, and when the indoor brightness feeling is expressed by one representative value, the position of the test patch T viewed from the subject is the light source of the lighting fixture or the like. Care must be taken not to overlap the light emitting part.

  For example, a residential room similar to that of FIG. 8 of the first embodiment is prepared as a measurement environment, and the luminaire La7 having the transmission type shade shown in FIG. 9 is arranged alone using the test patch luminance presentation device 5 shown in FIG. When the color mode boundary luminance is measured, as shown in FIG. 15, one test patch T is placed in the center of the room with the subject sitting on the sofa 2e arranged along substantially the center of one wall surface. By arranging and arranging the luminaire La7 so that the test patch T and the luminaire La7 do not overlap each other when viewed from the subject, measurement can be performed more accurately and efficiently.

(Embodiment 4)
In the present embodiment, a difference in color mode boundary luminance depending on the position of the lighting fixture and the irradiation direction will be described. First, a description will be given of an experiment in which a lighting device such as a lighting device using a stand or a bracket or a lighting device such as a spotlight is installed indoors and the color mode boundary luminance is measured.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the measurement conditions are as follows: a residential room similar to that in FIG. 8 of the first embodiment is prepared as the measurement environment, and A to K in FIG. 16 indicate the installation positions of the lighting fixtures. Is provided with a wiring duct 9. Here, when each position coordinate of A to K is expressed by a distance (mm) from the nearest corner, A: (400, 400), B: (600, 600), C: (250, 250), D : (1750, 1750), E: (600, 1750), F: (100, 1750), G: (1100, 0), H: (0, 0), I: (400, 400), J: ( 400, 400), K: (100, 600), A, C, F, I, J, K are floor-mounted, B, D, E are ceiling-mounted, G is wall-mounted, and H is corner-installed . In addition, one test patch T is placed in the center of the room in a state where the subject sits on the sofa 2e placed substantially along the center of one wall surface, and the luminaire is light source (high brightness) to the test patch T as seen from the subject. Part) so that they do not overlap. The test subject is a 35-year-old male with normal visual acuity and color sensation, and has a relatively high level of proficiency after experiencing several similar color mode boundary luminance measurements. And 6 times of color mode boundary brightness | luminance measurement was implemented for every standard installation position for every lighting fixture, and the average value of the measured value for 6 times was made into the value of the color mode boundary brightness | luminance in the position. When there are a plurality of standard installation positions of the luminaire, the above six measurements are performed for each installation position.

The measurement result of the color mode boundary brightness | luminance of lighting fixture La4, La7, La10, La11, the brightness sensation unit Xi of each lighting fixture, and room center floor surface illumination intensity are shown in FIG. 17, FIG. The luminaire La10 is installed on a platform having a height of 450 mm provided at the position A, the measurement value of the color mode boundary luminance: 1.1 (cd / m ² ), and the luminosity unit of brightness Xi: 1 ( feu), room center floor illuminance: 2 (lx). The luminaire La7 is installed at the A position, the measurement value of the color mode boundary luminance: 15.7 (cd / m ² ), the luminosity individual brightness sensation unit Xi: 8 (feu), the room center floor illuminance: 106 (lx). The luminaire La11 has a height of 1800 mm from the floor and is installed at the B position and the D position. The measurement value of the color mode boundary luminance at the B position: 18.8 (cd / m ² ), the brightness of each luminaire Sensitivity unit Xi: 9 (feu), room center floor illuminance: 164 (lx), measured value of color mode boundary luminance at D position: 23.0 (cd / m ² ), brightness of individual lighting equipment Sensitivity unit Xi: 12 (feu), room center floor illuminance: 217 (lx). The luminaire La4 is installed at the D position and the E position, and irradiates the center of the floor surface and the center of the wall surface at each position. The measured value of the color mode boundary luminance when the wall surface is irradiated at the D position: 12.3 (cd / M ² ), brightness unit Xi: 6 (feu) for each lighting fixture, room center floor illuminance: 20 (lx), and measured value of color mode boundary luminance at the time of floor irradiation at the D position: 4. 1 (cd / m ² ), individual brightness sense unit Xi: 2 (feu), room center floor illuminance: 223 (lx), and measured values of color mode boundary luminance at the E position when illuminating the wall surface: 8.0 (cd / m ² ), brightness unit Xi: 4 (feu) for each lighting fixture, room center floor illuminance: 19 (lx), and the color mode boundary luminance at the time of floor illumination at E position measured ^{value: 4.4 (cd / m 2)} , luminaire individual brightness unit Xi: 2 (fe ), The room middle floor surface illuminance: a 67 (lx).

  From the above results, for example, in the luminaire La11, there is a difference in the measured value of the color mode boundary luminance at the installation positions B and D, and in the luminaire La4, the measured value of the color mode boundary luminance at the installation positions D and E. While there is a difference, there is a difference in the measured value of the color mode boundary luminance even at the same installation position depending on the irradiation direction.

  Therefore, when measuring the color mode boundary luminance when a single luminaire is arranged, the brightness of each luminaire is measured by measuring the color mode boundary luminance when the installation position and irradiation direction are different with the same luminaire. The sensation unit Xi can be set according to the installation position and irradiation direction of the luminaire, making it possible to deal with luminaires with various variations regarding the installation position and irradiation direction, and the range of choices for lighting design by the user. Can be spread.

(Embodiment 5)
As described in Reference Document 2 described above, the color mode boundary luminance changes in proportion to the illuminance in an indoor environment illuminated almost uniformly. Using this, the color mode boundary luminance that is the basis for calculating the required brightness sensation unit Y under the standard conditions for setting the brightness sensation unit Xi for each luminaire can be used for a room of any size. The required brightness sensation unit Y is obtained based on the luminaire individual brightness sensation unit Xi under standard conditions.

  First, after clarifying the proportional relationship between the luminance of the color mode boundary and the illuminance in a standard condition room illuminated uniformly with a diffused light source, the brightness that the occupants feel just right in the standard condition room The required illuminance to be felt is determined by subjective evaluation or the like. And, in the same lighting conditions, if this required illuminance is satisfied in a room of any size, it can be said that the brightness feeling of a room of standard conditions and a room of any size is the same, By calculating the luminous flux of a light source that satisfies this required illuminance in a room of any arbitrary size and converting it to the illuminance when applied to a room under standard conditions, the color mode boundary luminance and illuminance in a room under standard conditions The required brightness sensation unit Y can be calculated by obtaining the color mode boundary luminance that satisfies the required illuminance in a room of a certain arbitrary size.

The method of setting the required brightness sensation unit Y according to the size of the room to be illuminated is performed in the following procedure.
(1) Deriving a relational expression between illuminance and color mode boundary luminance in the case of general illumination with a light source of diffused light distribution from the ceiling in a room with standard conditions for setting the brightness sensation unit Xi for each lighting fixture .
(2) The required illuminance for general illumination of a room with the above standard conditions with a light source of diffuse light distribution from the ceiling is determined according to the use of the room.
(3) In a room of any arbitrary size, the amount of light flux that secures the required illuminance determined in (2) above with the light source of diffuse light distribution is calculated.
(4) When illuminating the room with the above standard conditions with a light source of diffuse light distribution, the illuminance when illuminating with the luminous flux obtained in (3) above is calculated.
(5) Using the color mode boundary luminance calculated by substituting the illuminance obtained in (4) above into the relational expression between the illuminance obtained in (1) and the color mode boundary luminance, an arbitrary size is obtained. The required brightness feeling unit Y of the room is set.

  A specific example will be described below. First, a residential room similar to FIG. 8 of the first embodiment is prepared as a measurement environment, and a ceiling light La20 with a milky acrylic cover as shown in FIG. 16 at position D). At this time, the standard condition is 8 tatami mats and an interior reflectance of 80%. Next, by subjecting four subjects to subjective evaluation, the floor surface illuminance at the center of the room when the ceiling light La20 is dimmed so that the brightness is just right is measured, and the average of the measured values is calculated as the required illuminance under standard conditions. (Procedure (2)). At this time, the floor illuminance and the color mode boundary luminance at the lower limit of light control (25%) and when fully lit (100%) are measured, and the room center floor illuminance and the color mode boundary luminance are shown in FIG. A relational expression having a proportional relationship as shown in (1) is derived. Then, according to the above procedures (3) to (5), the required brightness feeling unit Y for each room size (6 tatami mats, 8 tatami mats) as shown in FIG. 20 is set.

(Embodiment 6)
Since the indoor lighting design method of the present invention is based on the sense of brightness when the occupant looks at the space, it can be said that the illuminating design method greatly depends on the visual characteristics of the occupant. For example, with regard to changes in visual characteristics associated with aging, there have been reported phenomena called senile miosis, in which the lens turns yellow with age and the transmittance decreases, and the pupil diameter decreases with age. Yes. Therefore, because the elderly have a higher rate of attenuation until the light incident on the eyes reaches the retina than the young, even in the same lighting environment, the brightness felt by the young and the brightness felt by the elderly It can be inferred that there is a difference in feeling.

  Congenital color vision abnormalities caused by abnormal color cones in the retina are divided into all color blindness, red-green color vision abnormalities, and blue-yellow color vision abnormalities. In the case of people, it is said that one in 20 men and one in 500 women. The brightness of an illuminated room is greatly affected by the color of the interior and furniture of the room, so even in the same lighting environment, the sense of brightness between people with normal color vision and those with abnormal vision It is inferred that there is a difference.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, a residential room similar to that of FIG. 8 of the first embodiment is prepared as a measurement environment, and the ceiling light La20 with a milky white acrylic cover as shown in FIG. Is installed at the center of the room (position D in FIG. 16). Then, for example, by subjecting several elderly subjects over 65 years of age to the subject, the color mode boundary luminance when dimming so as to have just the right brightness is measured. The required brightness feeling unit Y is set. Separately, by the subjective evaluation of several young subjects, the color mode boundary luminance when dimming to obtain just the right brightness is measured. From [Equation 1], the requirement when the occupants are young is required. Set brightness sense unit Y.

  In this way, by setting the required brightness sensation unit Y for each occupant with a difference in sensation of brightness, an illumination environment with a sensation of brightness that matches the visual characteristics of the target occupant can be realized. Can do.

It is a flowchart figure which shows the indoor lighting design method of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the miniature model which performs the indoor brightness feeling evaluation same as the above. It is a figure which shows the interior of each indoor environment same as the above, and the brightness and reflectance of furniture. It is a figure which shows the structure of a test patch brightness | luminance presentation apparatus same as the above. It is a figure which shows a color mode boundary brightness | luminance setting result same as the above, (a) is the setting result of the test subject HY, (b) is the average of the setting result of four test subjects. (A)-(c) It is a figure which shows the result of having evaluated the brightness feeling of the comparison room of each environment with respect to the reference | standard room | chamber same as the above by ME method. It is a figure which shows correlation with the brightness feeling evaluation value same as the above, and the ratio of color mode boundary luminance. It is a figure which shows the measurement environment and design result of an indoor lighting design method same as the above. It is a figure which shows the lighting fixture same as the above, and the brightness feeling unit of each lighting fixture. It is a figure which shows the setting of the required brightness feeling unit same as the above. It is a figure which shows the experimental installation of Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the observation conditions at the time of experiment same as the above, (a) makes an observation direction one side, (b) makes an observation direction the other. It is a figure which shows the experimental result in Fig.12 (a) same as the above. It is a figure which shows the experimental result in FIG.12 (b) same as the above. It is a figure which shows the position of the test subject, test patch, and lighting fixture of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the measurement environment of Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the color mode boundary brightness | luminance for each lighting fixture same as the above, the brightness unit for each lighting fixture, and the room center floor illuminance. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the color mode boundary brightness | luminance for each lighting fixture same as the above, the brightness unit for each lighting fixture, and the room center floor illuminance. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the room center floor surface illumination intensity and color mode boundary brightness | luminance of Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the required brightness feeling unit according to room size same as the above. It is a flowchart figure which shows the conventional indoor lighting design method.

Explanation of symbols

Y Required brightness sensation unit Xi Brightness sensation unit for each lighting fixture T Test patch

Claims (6)

A color chart that changes the brightness of the surface is provided in the room using a light source that is different from the light source of the luminaire that illuminates the room, and the color chart viewed by the resident is recognized as an object placed in the room. Illumination is based on the color mode boundary luminance, which is the luminance of the color chart when an unnatural color appears, which is intermediate between the luminance level recognized as the light source that emits light by itself The required brightness sensation unit is set as a unit for evaluating the required brightness determined according to the room, and the luminaire individual brightness sensation unit is set as a unit for evaluating the individual luminaire brightness under a predetermined condition. The indoor lighting design method is characterized in that the lighting fixture to be used is selected such that the added value of the brightness sense unit of each lighting fixture to be used becomes the required brightness sense unit of the room. The color chart is arranged at substantially the center of a rectangular room, and the occupant measures the color mode boundary luminance by viewing the color chart from substantially the center of any one wall surface of the rectangular room. The indoor lighting design method according to 1. 2. The indoor lighting design method according to claim 1, wherein the color mode boundary luminance of each lighting fixture is measured such that the position of the color chart viewed from the occupant does not overlap with the position of the light source of the lighting fixture. The indoor lighting design method according to claim 1, wherein the brightness sensation unit of each lighting fixture is set according to the installation position and irradiation direction of the lighting fixture. In a room with a predetermined condition for setting the brightness sensation unit for each lighting fixture, a relational expression between illuminance and color mode boundary luminance in general illumination with a light source of diffuse light distribution from the ceiling is derived,
Next, the required illuminance for general illumination of the room under the predetermined condition with a light source of diffuse light distribution from the ceiling is determined according to the use of the room,
Next, in a room of any size, calculate the amount of light flux that secures the required illuminance determined according to the use of the room with the light source of diffuse light distribution,
Next, when illuminating the room of the predetermined condition with a light source of diffuse light distribution, calculate the illuminance when illuminating with the calculated light flux amount,
Next, using a color mode boundary luminance calculated by substituting the illuminance when illuminating with the calculated light flux amount into the relational expression between the illuminance and the color mode boundary luminance, a required room of a certain size is required. The indoor lighting design method according to claim 1, wherein a unit of brightness is set. 2. The indoor lighting design method according to claim 1, wherein the required brightness unit is changed according to a person using the room to be lit.

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