JP2005071706A - Lighting control method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the psychological feeling of oppression of a person in a room and improve comfort in a windowless space in a basement or the like and to improve the comfort of the person in the room by controlling to the optimum extent the incidence amount of natural light from a window and a light source on a ceiling in an office building or the like. <P>SOLUTION: This system comprises a window light source 4, ceiling light sources 1a-1f, and a signal control part 6 which controls light outputs of the light sources. Furthermore, the system comprises a brightness sensor 5 which measures a luminance distribution Ew(X) in an interior space that is obtained only by the window light source 4 when the window light source 4 is operated at a full output, and a luminance distribution Ec(X) in an interior space that is obtained only by the ceiling light sources when the ceiling light sources are operated at full outputs, a memory part 8 which stores the measured luminance Ew(X), Ec(X), and an operation part 7 which reads data of the memory part 8 and obtains the luminance distribution Ec(X) in the interior room to satisfy E(X)=kEw(X)+(1-k)Ec(X) (provided 0≤k≤1). The signal control part 6 controls the lighting of the window light source 4 and the ceiling light sources so that the luminance distribution E(X) as calculated by the operation part 7 is attained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention relates to a lighting control method useful for saving energy by controlling indoor lighting according to natural light from a window in an office building or the like in addition to a case where a pseudo window is used in a windowless space such as a basement. It is about the system.

In order to improve the psychological pressure in a windowless space such as a basement, a pseudo window such as a light source embedded in a wall surface has been installed. In that case, there was a technique to adjust the brightness of the simulated window surface by adjusting the brightness of the simulated window light source. There were cases where the brightness was too bright and the user felt uncomfortable, and conversely, the brightness was insufficient and the effect could not be felt.

  In some office buildings and the like, from the viewpoint of energy saving, indoor lighting may be controlled according to natural light from windows. In this case, it is common to use a method of detecting the brightness of the room with a sensor or the like and controlling the room lighting so that the room is uniformly illuminated at a preset illuminance level. The need to uniformly illuminate the interior of the room came from the need to be able to flexibly respond to changes in the office layout, not necessarily because of the comfort of the occupants.

In addition, there was a lighting method that dimmed and controlled indoor space according to changes in sunlight to make day and night in a windowless room more natural (see Patent Document 1), but natural light from windows in office buildings and the like Accordingly, the indoor lighting is not controlled to save energy, and the comfort of the occupants is not improved.
JP 2001-257083 A

It is an object of the present invention to improve the psychological pressure of the occupants and improve the comfort by optimally controlling the pseudo window light source and the ceiling light source in a windowless space such as a basement. In other cases, such as office buildings, where indoor lighting is controlled in response to natural light from windows to save energy, the amount of incident natural light and the ceiling light source are optimally controlled to improve the comfort of occupants. The purpose is to improve.

The illumination control method of the present invention regards the window light source and the ceiling light source as a completely diffusing light source in an indoor space having a window-shaped window light source provided on a wall surface and a ceiling light source for illumination on the ceiling surface, and When each inner surface of the indoor space is regarded as a complete diffusion surface, when the window light source is fully output, the indoor illuminance distribution Ew (X) obtained only from the window light source is obtained, and when the ceiling light source is fully output. Assuming that the indoor illuminance distribution Ec (X) obtained only from the ceiling light source, the indoor illuminance distribution E (X) is E (X) = kEw (X) + (1-k) Ec (X). (Formula 1)
(However, 0 ≦ k ≦ 1)
As described above, the window light source and the ceiling light source are dimmed and controlled.

  As described above, in the lighting control method of the present invention, when a pseudo window is installed in a windowless space such as a basement, the light source on the ceiling surface is regarded as a completely diffusing light source, and each interior surface is regarded as a completely diffusing surface. Sometimes, the illuminance distribution Ew (X) obtained only from the window light source and the illuminance distribution Ec (X) obtained only from the ceiling light source are such that the indoor illuminance distribution E (X) has the relationship shown by the above formula. It is characterized by dimming control of the window light source and the ceiling light source.

  Here, regarding the illuminance distribution Ew (X) obtained only from the window light source and the illuminance distribution Ec (X) obtained only from the ceiling light source, the radiosity is determined if the luminous flux of each light source and the reflectance of each interior surface are uniquely determined. Numerical calculation is possible by using a method or the like. FIG. 1 shows a specific example in which the indoor illuminance distribution obtained from the window light source is calculated using the radiosity method. FIG. 1A shows room conditions, FIG. 1B shows illuminance distribution calculation results, and FIG. 1C shows average, minimum, and maximum illuminance calculation results. The calculation conditions are: window light source light distribution BZ5 (light distribution determined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE)), window light source luminous flux of 10000 lm, window mounting height of 1.6 m, and maintenance rate of 1.0.

  In order to investigate the optimal balance between the light from the window and the light from the ceiling, the subject experiment using the model shown in FIG. 2 assuming an indoor space with a one-side lighting window and artificial lighting installed on the ceiling Carried out. 2A is a schematic diagram of the model, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the light source at the top of the model, and FIG. 2C is a photograph inside the model viewed from the observation position. In this experiment, the subject arbitrarily adjusts the output of the ceiling light sources 1a to 1c divided into three blocks, the window side, the center, and the back of the room, so that the balance of light in the entire room including the light from the window 2 is harmonized. did. Therefore, the illuminance distribution E (X) in the room is expressed by the above formula as a combination of the illuminance distribution Ew (X) obtained only from the window 2 and the illuminance distribution Ec (X) obtained only from the ceiling light sources 1a to 1c. Assuming that the room light harmonizes, the residual between the actual room illuminance distribution obtained by dimming the subject and the virtual illuminance distribution approximated by Equation 1 was analyzed. Here, when the experimental value of the actual indoor illuminance distribution is E (Xi) and the virtual illuminance distribution approximated by the above equation 1 is E ′ (Xi), the residual rate η is expressed by the following equation 2. The

_{^{η = Σ n i = 1 |}} E (Xi) -E '(Xi) | / Σ n i = 1 E (Xi) ... ( Equation 2)
FIG. 3 shows a graph in which the residual rate is plotted on the horizontal axis and the evaluation value of the subject's sense of harmony is plotted on the vertical axis. Here, each plot in the figure shows the residual evaluation rate η under each condition when the illumination conditions are variously changed and the subjective evaluation value regarding the subject's sense of harmony in that case. From this result, when the residual ratio between the actual indoor illuminance distribution and the virtual illuminance distribution approximated by Equation 1 is small, that is, the indoor illuminance distribution is obtained from only the illuminance distribution obtained from the window and the ceiling light source. It was found that the harmony of the indoor lighting environment increases when it can be approximated as a synthesis with the illuminance distribution. Based on the results of this experiment, the illumination control method of the present invention is characterized in that dimming control is performed so as to satisfy the relationship of Equation 1.

  Moreover, the subject experiment about the psychological evaluation of the indoor lighting environment when the ratio of the illuminance between the light from the window 2 in the indoor space and the light from the ceiling light sources 1a to 1c (coefficient k in Equation 1) was changed was performed. The items evaluated by the subjects were 12 items for the dark and bright space atmosphere, and the lighting conditions were three levels when the average illuminance on the desk surface was 700, 300, and 100 lx, and the light from the window 2 at each illuminance level. Six combinations of illuminance ratios of light from the ceiling light sources 1a to 1c were evaluated. FIG. 4 shows the illuminance distribution under each condition when the desk surface average illuminance is 700 lx. W: C represents the illuminance ratio of window light source: ceiling light source. From the evaluation results, it can be seen that the ratio of the light from the window and the light from the ceiling affects the psychoacoustic evaluation. In particular, the brightness feeling (bright-dark) shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. ) (Lively-not) and the preference (likes and dislikes) of FIG. 5 (c), and the ratio of the illuminance between the light from the window and the light from the ceiling is 20 : It was found that the evaluation peaked from 80 to 40:60. Based on the experimental results, the lighting control method of the present invention preferably has a coefficient k = 0.2 to 0.4 in Equation 1.

  In an office building, etc., where indoor lighting is controlled according to the natural light from the window to save energy, the system is not a system that controls the entire room to a constant illuminance level as in the past, but a pseudo window. Similarly, in consideration of the balance between light from the window and light from the ceiling, this lighting control method is designed to improve the comfort of occupants by optimally controlling the output of artificial lighting on the ceiling. As one aspect, the feature of the illumination control method in the case of a pseudo window is applied to an indoor space having a window through which actual natural light is incident, and the window light source is a window through which natural light is incident. Further, as one aspect of this illumination control method, a control means such as a blind is provided on the window to control the amount of incident natural light to realize the illuminance distribution E (X). For example, an automatic control blind is installed in the window to control the amount of natural light incident from the window, thereby realizing the characteristics of the illumination control method in the case of a pseudo window.

The illumination control system according to the present invention includes a window light source provided on a wall surface of an indoor space, a ceiling light source provided on a ceiling surface of the indoor space, and a light output of the window light source and the ceiling light source. In a lighting control system comprising a control device for controlling
Considering each inner surface of the indoor space as a complete diffusing surface, the illumination distribution Ew (X) of the indoor space obtained only from the window light source when the window light source is at full output, and the ceiling light source at full output Measuring means for measuring the illuminance distribution Ec (X) of the indoor space obtained only from the ceiling light source,
A storage unit for storing the measured illuminance distributions Ew (X) and Ec (X);
The data in this storage unit is read, and the following formula E (X) = kEw (X) + (1-k) Ec (X) (Formula 1)
(However, 0 ≦ k ≦ 1)
A calculation unit that calculates an illuminance distribution E (X) in the room that satisfies
The control device performs dimming control on the window light source and the ceiling light source so that the illuminance distribution E (X) calculated by the arithmetic unit is obtained.

  According to the illumination control method of the present invention, in a windowless space such as a basement, the pseudo window light source and the ceiling light source are controlled so that the ratio of the light from the pseudo window and the light from the ceiling has the relationship of Equation 1. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the sense of incongruity and to improve the psychological pressure and comfort of the occupants. Further, according to this lighting control method, in an office building or the like, when the indoor lighting is controlled according to the natural light from the window to save energy, the incident amount of natural light and the ratio of the light from the ceiling By controlling the output of the ceiling light source or the incidence of natural light from the window so as to satisfy the relationship 1, it is possible to improve the comfort of the occupants while saving energy. In particular, it is more preferable that k = 0.2 to 0.4. The lighting control system of the present invention has the same effect as described above.

  A lighting control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. This lighting control system is intended for the inside of the windowless room 3. The ceiling lighting fixtures 1a to 1f that illuminate the interior of the room 3, the light source 4 for the simulated window that imitates the window 2, and the brightness sensor 5 that senses the room illuminance, for example, that measures the room illuminance are arranged as shown in the figure. To do. Reference numeral 9 denotes a desk, and 10 denotes a chair, each of which is arranged from a position close to the light source 4 to a position away from the light source 4. That is, the light source 4 for the pseudo window is installed on one side wall in the chamber 3. A plurality of ceiling lighting fixtures 1 a to 1 f are arranged side by side up to a position close to the other side wall in the chamber 3 away from a position close to the light source 4. A plurality of brightness sensors 5 are also installed from a position close to the light source 4 to a position away from the light source 4, and are particularly installed in the vicinity of each of the lighting fixtures 1a to 1f for the ceiling.

  The illumination control system further receives a signal from each brightness sensor 5 and transmits a dimming signal to each of the lighting fixtures 1 a to 1 f and the pseudo-window light source 4 via the signal control unit 6 and the signal control unit 6. In response to the information on the room illuminance from the brightness sensor 5 and the output information of each of the lighting fixtures 1a to 1f and the pseudo-window light source 4, the feedback calculation is performed so that the illuminance distribution in the room satisfies the relationship of Equation 1 set in advance. The calculation unit 7 and the storage unit 8 are configured to perform. Each lighting fixture 1a-1f and the light source 4 for pseudo | simulation windows can be continuously dimmed.

Thus, the signal input to the signal control unit 6 from the brightness sensor 5 is obtained only from the window light source 4 when the inner surface of the indoor space is regarded as a complete diffusion surface and the window light source 4 is set to full output. Illuminance distribution Ew (X) in the indoor space, illuminance distribution Ec (X) in the indoor space obtained only from the ceiling light sources 1a to 1f when the ceiling light sources 1a to 1f are fully output, and the window light source 4 and the ceiling light sources 1a to 1f The detected illuminance distributions Ew (X), Ec (X), and E (X) are stored in the storage unit 8. The calculation unit 7 reads the data in the storage unit 8, and the following equation E (X) = kEw (X) + (1-k) Ec (X) (Equation 1)
(However, 0 ≦ k ≦ 1)
An indoor illuminance distribution E (X) that satisfies the above is obtained. The signal control unit 6 serving as a control device performs dimming control on the window light source 4 and the ceiling light sources 1a to 1f so that the illuminance distribution e (X) becomes the illuminance distribution E (X) calculated by the calculation unit 7.

  A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the first embodiment, the plurality of brightness sensors 5 are installed on a desk so as to sense the room illuminance, and information on the room illuminance is exchanged wirelessly with the signal control unit 6. Also, the information on the indoor illuminance from the brightness sensor 5 and the output information of each of the lighting fixtures 1a to 1f and the pseudo-window light source 4 are received via the signal control unit 6, and the arithmetic unit 7 has an indoor illuminance distribution E (X). In the relationship of Equation 1, feedback calculation is performed so as to be obtained by k = 0.2 to 0.4, and dimming control of each of the lighting fixtures 1a to 1f and the pseudo window light source 4 is performed by the signal control unit 6.

  A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The difference from the first embodiment is that instead of the light source 4, a daylighting window 2 into which natural light enters is used. Therefore, the information on the indoor illuminance from the brightness sensor 5 and the output information of each of the lighting fixtures 1a to 1f are received via the signal control unit 6 and stored in the storage unit 8, and the indoor illuminance distribution E (x) is previously stored. The calculation unit 7 performs a feedback calculation so as to satisfy the relationship of the set formula 1, and the signal control unit 6 controls the lighting fixtures 1a to 1f to satisfy the formula 1 according to the brightness taken in from the window 2. Is done.

  A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the third embodiment, an automatic control blind 10 that automatically adjusts the slat angle with a signal from the signal control unit 6 is additionally installed in the daylighting window 2 as the incident light amount control means of the window 2. The signal control unit 6 receives and transmits a dimming signal to each of the lighting fixtures 1 a to 1 f, the brightness sensor 5, and the automatic control blind 10. Therefore, the information on the room illuminance from the brightness sensor 5, the output information of each of the lighting fixtures 1 a to 1 f and the information on the slat angle of the blind 10 are received via the signal control unit 6 and stored in the storage unit 8. The lighting unit 1a performs feedback calculation so that the illuminance distribution E (X) satisfies the relationship of Equation 1 set in advance, and the signal control unit 6 satisfies the equation 1 with the illuminance distribution E (X). Dimming control of slat angle of .about.1f and bride 10.

An example of illuminance distribution calculation using the radiosity method is shown, (a) is a diagram showing room conditions, (b) is a diagram showing illuminance distribution calculation results, (c) is a diagram of average, minimum and maximum illuminance calculation results. is there. An experimental model is shown, (a) is a schematic diagram of the model, (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a light source in the upper part of the model, and (c) is a perspective view inside the model by a photograph viewed from the observation position. It is a correlation diagram of a residual rate and an evaluation value. It is an illuminance distribution map of each condition with a desk top surface average illuminance of 700 lx. The evaluation result is shown, (a) is a feeling of brightness, (b) is a feeling of liveliness, (c) is a relationship diagram of the evaluation value with respect to the light amount ratio regarding the preference. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the indoor space without a window of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the indoor space without a window of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the indoor space with a window of 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of indoor space at the time of installing a blind in the window of 4th Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a-1f Ceiling light source 2 Window 3 Room 4 Window light source 5 Brightness sensor 6 Signal control part 7 Calculation part 8 Memory | storage part 9 Desk

Claims (5)

In an indoor space having a window-shaped window light source provided on the wall surface and a ceiling light source for illumination on the ceiling surface, the window light source and the ceiling light source are regarded as complete diffused light sources, and each inner surface of the indoor space is It is regarded as a complete diffusing surface, and the indoor illuminance distribution Ew (X) obtained only from the window light source when the window light source is fully output, and obtained only from the ceiling light source when the ceiling light source is fully output. When the illuminance distribution Ec (X) in the room is used, the illuminance distribution E (X) in the room is E (X) = kEw (X) + (1−k) Ec (X)
(However, 0 ≦ k ≦ 1)
The lighting control method is characterized in that dimming control is performed on the window light source and the ceiling light source.   The lighting control method according to claim 1, wherein k = 0.2 to 0.4.   The illumination control method according to claim 1, wherein the window light source is a window through which natural light is incident.   The illumination control method according to claim 3, wherein a control unit that controls an amount of natural light incident from the window is provided to realize the illuminance distribution E (X). A window light source provided on the wall surface of the indoor space and having a window shape, a ceiling light source provided on the ceiling surface of the indoor space, and an illumination device comprising: the window light source; and a control device that controls light output of the ceiling light source In the control system,
Considering each inner surface of the indoor space as a complete diffusing surface, the illumination distribution Ew (X) of the indoor space obtained only from the window light source when the window light source is at full output, and the ceiling light source at full output Measuring means for measuring the illuminance distribution Ec (X) of the indoor space obtained only from the ceiling light source,
A storage unit for storing the measured illuminance distributions Ew (X) and Ec (X);
The data in this storage unit is read, and the following formula E (X) = kEw (X) + (1-k) Ec (X)
(However, 0 ≦ k ≦ 1)
A calculation unit for obtaining an illuminance distribution E (X) in the room that satisfies
The said control apparatus performs dimming control of the said window light source and the said ceiling light source so that it may become the illumination intensity distribution E (X) which the said calculating part calculated, The illumination control system characterized by the above-mentioned.

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