JP4556022B2 - Illumination system for preventing desaturation and illumination method for preventing desaturation - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to an illumination system for correcting a change in visual function associated with aging.

  Typical changes in visual function associated with aging include (a) a decrease in the transmittance of the lens, particularly a decrease in transmittance in the short wavelength region, and (b) a decrease in the regulation function due to the hardening of the lens (so-called presbyopia). ), And (c) blurred vision due to cataract (white turbidity of the lens). As for (a), as described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1, it is intended to allow light of the same level as that of young people to enter the retina. Illumination with high wavelength light) is recommended for the elderly. Further, at this time, there is illumination as described in Patent Document 2 in consideration of not giving glare (glare) due to intraocular scattering by (c).

  However, for the elderly, a more serious problem is that the color appears dull and low-saturated compared to the case seen by younger people due to intraocular scattering of incident light according to (c) above (non- Patent Document 2). This not only significantly impairs the color impression and color quality enjoyed by the elderly, but the resulting color misidentification may be a serious obstacle. However, attention has been paid to such a decrease in color saturation felt by elderly people, and no lighting has been developed to solve this problem.

Lighting Association of the Illuminating Society of Japan, “Lighting Manual for Houses”, p.1, p.71, (1993) Mitsuo Ikeda, Atsusa Kusumi, Atsuko Obama, Hiroyuki Shinoda, "Changes in the appearance of color charts with simulated cataract goggles", Journal of the Japan Society of Color Science, vol.27, No.2, pp.113-124, (2003) JP 2003-237464 A ([0005], [0006], FIG. 3) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-137305 (Fig. 3)

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent the color saturation of the observation object from appearing to be lowered mainly for the elderly, and to make the appearance of a higher saturation color as seen by the younger age. An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting system and a lighting method to be realized. The “elderly person” in the present invention means a person having a change in visual function corresponding to at least one (particularly (c)) among (a), (b) and (c) described in the background art. The “younger person” means a person other than the above “older person”.

The illumination system for preventing saturation reduction according to the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, prevents the observer from seeing that the saturation is reduced due to the white turbidity of the crystalline lens when observing the observation object. A) a spot illumination that can directly adjust the intensity and / or light distribution of the observation object; and b) an intensity and / or light distribution that illuminates the periphery of the observation object. It is characterized by comprising adjustable surround lighting and c) a variable color wall provided behind the observation object and capable of adjusting the brightness.
The “observation object” in the present invention refers not only to exhibits and inspection objects such as commercial products, industrial products, and art objects, but also items worn by the observer, such as clothes.

  The spot illumination and surround illumination illuminate the observation object and the surrounding environment, respectively, and by changing the intensity ratio between them, the amount of light from the object incident on the observer's eyes and the amount of light from the surrounding environment The ratio of can be changed. When it is desired to increase the saturation of the observation object, the intensity of the spot illumination is increased relative to the surround illumination. As a result, the incidence of light from the surrounding environment that causes intraocular scattering can be suppressed, and more light from the object can enter the observer's eyes. In addition, it is possible to prevent the saturation from appearing to be lowered. Moreover, you may change the intensity ratio of the light irradiated to a target object, and the light irradiated to a surrounding environment by adjusting the light distribution of each said illumination. Light distribution refers to the light intensity distribution in each direction of light emitted from a light source, and such adjustment of light distribution can be realized by a method such as providing a louver capable of changing the angle of illumination. it can.

  The variable color wall changes its brightness in accordance with the illumination setting. When it is desired to increase the saturation of the observation object, by reducing the brightness of the variable color wall, the reflected light from the surrounding objects of the observation object is suppressed, and the reflected light enters the observer's eyes, It is possible to prevent color saturation from occurring. The variable color wall may be anything as long as it provides a background that can change the lightness. For example, a white / black blind is provided on the back / front, and the front / back is changed or the angle is changed. The above-described lightness switching can be realized by providing a black roll screen or the like on a white wall surface and pulling out or winding the screen as necessary.

Further, the illumination system for preventing desaturation of the present invention is provided with a control means for controlling the intensity and / or light distribution of the spot illumination and the surround illumination in conjunction with each other, and setting these at a time according to the purpose. It is also possible to adjust the lighting conditions to be appropriate.
Further, it is more desirable that the control means perform the adjustment of the brightness of the variable color wall in addition to the adjustment of the intensity and / or the light distribution of the spot illumination and the surround illumination.

  By using the lighting system and the lighting method of the present invention having the above-described configuration, for example, it becomes possible for an elderly person to see a color with saturation closer to the color seen by the young person, and a color impression that the elderly person enjoys. Color quality can be improved, and color misidentification during work can be prevented. In addition, by appropriately adjusting the intensity and / or light distribution of the above-mentioned lighting and the color of the variable color wall, it is possible to switch between normal lighting conditions and lighting conditions suitable for elderly people. It is possible to provide a lighting environment corresponding to a wide range of age groups. Note that even when a younger person looks at an observation object under illumination conditions suitable for the elderly as described above, a more favorable color impression can be given as a secondary psychological effect.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples.

[Example 1]
In the present embodiment, the illumination system and method for preventing desaturation of the present invention are applied to an exhibition booth for industrial products, products, arts, etc. As shown in FIG. A spot lighting 101, a surround lighting 102, and a variable color wall 103 are installed in an exhibition booth 100 having a size of 215 cm, a width w of 238 cm, and a depth d of 205 cm. As the spot illumination 101, an illuminator with a louver 104 was arranged in the center of the ceiling, and the light distribution was adjusted so as to illuminate the observation object 105. Surround lighting 102 was installed at three places near the wall surface of the ceiling with the illuminator without louvers illuminating the side walls 107, 108 on both sides and the back wall 109 for the observer 106 with the illumination side facing the wall surface. The spot illumination 101 was provided with one 32WHf fluorescent lamp each having a correlated color temperature of 6700K and 3500K, and a combined color temperature of about 5000K was realized by combining these lamps. Similarly, each surround illumination 102 was provided with 32 WHf fluorescent lamps each having a correlated color temperature of 6700K and 3500K to realize a correlated color temperature of about 5000K. Further, a variable color wall 103 (back / front / white / black blinds) is arranged behind the observation object 105 (front wall 110 for the observer), and the color is changed by inverting the front / back in accordance with the illumination conditions. Switching was performed. The other three walls are white. FIG. 2 shows the setting conditions for normal illumination and elderly illumination. The% in the table is the relative value of the surface brightness at the fluorescent lamp lamp center, and 100% indicates when the lamp is fully lit (however, the “brightness” that you see and feel does not follow this%).

Hereinafter, a color measurement experiment in the exhibition booth of this example using a cataract simulated experience goggles (manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., see JP-A-11-119638) will be described. Cataract pseudo-experience goggles (hereinafter abbreviated as “goggles” where appropriate) faithfully reproduces the appearance of a cataract patient and has a spectral transmittance as shown in FIG.
The arrangement of the color chart 401 and the color luminance meter 402 used in this color measurement experiment is shown in FIG. The color chart is a rectangle of 6cm x 5cm in width, pasted on a black base paper (13cm long x 9cm wide). It was installed at an angle of about 20 ° from the vertical direction so that the surface facing the luminance meter 402 was on the upper side. The color luminance meter 402 was installed 100 cm before the color chart 401 and at a height of 155 cm from the floor (average eye height of women). The color chart 401 used for the measurement is the Munsell display value, 5.0R 4/12, 5YR 7/14, 5Y 8/12, 5GY 7/10, 2.5G 5/10, 5BG 6/8, 10B 3/10, There are 8 types of 2.5P 5/10.

  The colorimetric test was performed under three conditions: no goggles under normal lighting, goggles under normal lighting, and goggles under elderly lighting. Each of these corresponds to a color that a young person sees under normal lighting, a color that an elderly person sees under normal lighting, and a color that an elderly person sees under elderly lighting.

  FIG. 5 shows the result of the color measurement test. When the chromaticity of each color chart 401 was measured using the color luminance meter 402 under each of the above conditions, the color seen by the elderly under the normal conditions (● in FIG. 5) is shown on the CIE1931xy chromaticity diagram in FIG. The color saturation was clearly lower than the color that young people usually see under illumination (◇ in Figure 5). On the other hand, the color seen by the elderly under the lighting conditions for elderly people (▲ in Fig. 5) shows a chromaticity that is almost similar to the chromaticity that young people see under normal lighting, and the saturation is restored. I understand that.

  The exhibition booth of this embodiment can be used as a display space for products in a factory, in addition to being used as an exhibition space for commercial facilities, art museums, museums, and the like.

[Example 2]
In the present embodiment, the illumination system and the illumination method for preventing desaturation of the present invention are applied to a fitting room (fitting room).
A schematic diagram of the fitting room of this embodiment is shown in FIG. The size and interior of the fitting room 600, the installation position and specifications of the lighting fixture are the same as those of the exhibition booth of the first embodiment. However, in the fitting room 600, the observation object is clothes that the observer 106 is trying on. Therefore, the louver 104 is adjusted so that the spot illumination 101 hits the clothes of the observer 106, and a mirror 601 is placed in front of the observer. The variable color wall 103 is disposed on the back surface.

Similar to Example 1, the effect of the saturation reduction preventing fitting room 600 of this example was verified using cataract simulated experience goggles.
As shown in FIG. 7, the color luminance meter 402 was installed facing the mirror 601 at a height of 155 cm from the floor and 104 cm away from the mirror. Furthermore, a color chart 401 (about 6 cm square) tilted by about 20 ° from the vertical direction was placed 26 cm below (119 cm from the floor) facing the mirror 601, and measurement was performed through the mirror. . The same eight types of color charts 401 as in Example 1 were used for color measurement, and the measurement was performed under three conditions: no goggles under normal illumination, goggles under normal illumination, and goggles under elderly illumination.

  FIG. 8 shows the result of the color measurement test. Similar to Example 1 above, the color of the color seen by the elderly under normal conditions (● in FIG. 8) is low, and when the elderly illumination is used (▲ in FIG. 8), the color seen by the younger age (FIG. 8). It can be seen that the saturation has recovered to the vicinity of ◇).

  In addition, the observer actually observes the color chart from the position of the above color luminance meter, and the name of the color seen at that time is white, black, gray, red, blue, green, yellow, peach, orange, purple, “Categorical Color Naming” was conducted to answer from 14 colors of tea, coffee, olive and beige. In addition to the color charts used in the colorimetric test described above, four observers (26 years old) were able to use Munsell color charts with various saturations, hues, and brightness values, and fabric samples of colors commonly used in clothing. Males, 34-year-old women, 53-year-old men, and 53-year-old men) performed 10 tests each.

  Examples of the above test results include Munsell color chart 10B 3/6, faux leather 5 (71-62-301, Kyoto Yoshitada Co., Ltd.), linen fabric 17 (52-73-312, Kyoto Yoshitada Co., Ltd.), cotton The results using Stretch 23 (51-51-190, Kyoto Yoshitada Co., Ltd.) are shown in FIG. For example, in the case of the 10B 3/6 Munsell color chart, most of the answers are blue without goggles, and it is a sample that appears blue when viewed by young people. However, when observed through goggles, it can be seen that the saturation is lowered due to the influence of scattered light, and the answers of black and blue are increasing. This indicates that samples that appear blue to younger people are mistaken for black and moths by older people under normal lighting. However, when elderly lighting is implemented, the number of black and dark blue answers decreases again, and the results are almost the same as the color name answers of young people under normal lighting. Similar results were obtained with other samples, and when viewed through goggles under normal lighting, the achromatic response of black, gray, white, etc. increased, but when switching to aged lighting, the achromatic response It can be seen that the number decreases and approaches the color name response when observed without goggles. This indicates that the illumination system for preventing saturation reduction according to the present invention has an effect of reducing color misidentification of the elderly.

[Example 3]
In the present embodiment, the lighting system for preventing desaturation of the present invention is not a closed space such as the exhibition booth in the first embodiment or the fitting room in the second embodiment, but a department store, a large specialty store, a museum, This is applied to large spaces such as museum sales floors and exhibition halls. The “large space” in the present invention means an open space without a partition wall or partition nearby.
FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting system for preventing saturation reduction in a large space according to this embodiment. In the illumination system of this embodiment, for example, an arbitrary area A is set in a large space 1000 having a height h of 273 cm, a width w of 740 cm, and a depth d of 2460 cm, and a spot illumination 101 and a surround illumination 102 are set in the area A. The observation object 105 is arranged, and the variable color wall 103 is further installed behind the observation object 105. However, in this embodiment, there is no partition wall or partition near the area A, and the wall surface cannot be illuminated by the surround lighting 102 as in the first and second embodiments. Were installed with the illumination side facing the floor surface at a total of five locations: the ceiling surface on both sides of the image sensor and the ceiling surface behind the observer 106 and the diagonally rear left and right.

As the spot illumination 101, four three-wavelength daylight white 36 W twin fluorescent lamps were used, and the light distribution was adjusted so as to illuminate the observation object 105. For each surround lighting 102, four 3-wave daylight white 36W twin fluorescent lamps were used. In addition to the spot illumination 101 and the surround illumination 102, a plurality of illuminations 111 for illuminating the entire large space 1000 are installed on the ceiling surface in the large space 1000. FIG. 11 shows setting conditions for normal illumination and elderly illumination in the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the number of areas A provided in the large space 1000 is one, but the position and number of areas A can be arbitrarily set as necessary.

In the above area A, categorical color naming using cataract simulated experience goggles was performed in the same manner as in Example 2.
FIG. 10B shows the arrangement of the observer 106 and the observation object (color chart or fabric sample) 105, surround illumination 102, spot illumination 101, and variable color wall 103 at this time. The observation object 105 was installed at a height of 130 cm from the floor and inclined by about 10 ° from the vertical direction, and the observer 106 observed from a position 200 cm away from the observation object 105.

As an example, the results using Munsell color chart 10B 3/6, faux leather 5, linen fabric 17, and cotton stretch 23 are shown in FIG. For example, in the case of faux leather 5, there is almost no olive response when there is no goggles, and it is a sample that looks like olives when viewed by young people, but when observed through goggles, the saturation decreases, black It turns out that the answer of ash is increasing. This indicates that samples that look olive to young people are mistaken for black and gray to older people under normal lighting. However, when the elderly lighting of the present invention was implemented, the result was almost the same as the answer under normal lighting. In addition, similar results were obtained with other samples.
From the above results, if the illumination system for preventing desaturation and the illumination method thereof according to the present invention are used, it is an observation object for elderly people in any area in a large space without partition walls such as partition walls and partitions. It was shown that the effect of preventing the color saturation of the color from appearing to be lowered can be obtained.

  Note that the saturation reduction prevention illumination system and the saturation reduction prevention illumination method of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the technical scope described in the claims. It is acceptable. For example, the lighting system and the lighting method of the present invention are applied not only to public facilities such as commercial facilities and art museums, but also to walk-in closets and living rooms of ordinary houses and apartments as in the first to third embodiments. You can also

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an exhibition booth for preventing saturation reduction according to a first embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line aa ′ in FIG. Figure. The table | surface which shows the illumination conditions which concern on the Example. The graph which shows the spectral transmittance | permeability of a cataract simulated experience goggles. Side surface sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the color luminance meter at the time of the color measurement test which concerns on the said Example, and a color chart. The CIE1931xy chromaticity diagram which shows the result of the colorimetry test. Schematic diagram illustrating a fitting room for preventing desaturation according to a second embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is a view taken along the line bb 'in (b). Sectional drawing. Side surface sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the color luminance meter at the time of the colorimetry test which concerns on the Example, and a color chart. The CIE1931xy chromaticity diagram which shows the result of the colorimetry test. The graph which shows the result of the categorical color naming which concerns on the same Example. The schematic diagram which shows the illumination system for the saturation reduction prevention in the large space which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is cc 'arrow sectional drawing of (a). The table | surface which shows the illumination conditions which concern on the Example. The graph which shows the result of the categorical color naming which concerns on the same Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Exhibition booth 101 ... Spot illumination 102 ... Surround illumination 103 ... Variable color wall 104 ... Louver 105 ... Observation object 106 ... Observer 401 ... Color chart 402 ... Color luminance meter 600 ... Fitting room 1000 ... Large space

Claims (5)

When observing an observation object, an illumination system for preventing the observer from seeing a saturation decrease due to white turbidity of the lens ,
a) spot illumination capable of directly adjusting the intensity and / or light distribution for directly illuminating the observation object;
b) Surround illumination capable of adjusting the intensity and / or light distribution that illuminates the periphery of the observation object;
c) A lighting system for preventing desaturation, comprising a variable color wall provided behind the observation object and capable of adjusting brightness.   2. The control device according to claim 1, further comprising control means for interlocking adjustment of the intensity and / or light distribution of the spot illumination and adjustment of the intensity and / or light distribution of the surround illumination. Lighting system for preventing desaturation.   In addition to adjusting the intensity and / or light distribution of the spot illumination and adjusting the intensity and / or light distribution of the surround illumination, the control means performs adjustment of the brightness of the variable color wall in conjunction with the adjustment. The illumination system for preventing saturation reduction according to claim 2.   A lighting system for preventing saturation reduction in a large space, wherein at least one lighting system for preventing saturation reduction according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is provided on the same floor.   The illumination method using the illumination system for preventing saturation reduction according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the observer needs to increase the saturation of the observation object, the variable color wall The intensity of light and / or light distribution of the spot illumination and surround illumination is adjusted so that the amount of light to the object to be observed becomes relatively large with respect to the amount of ambient light, so that the observer can When it is not necessary to increase the saturation, the intensity of the spot illumination and the surround illumination is set so that the lightness of the variable color wall is set high and the light amount to the observation object is relatively small with respect to the peripheral light amount. And / or adjusting the light distribution.

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