JP4441465B2 - キャリアおよび電子写真用現像剤 - Google Patents
キャリアおよび電子写真用現像剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4441465B2 JP4441465B2 JP2005264093A JP2005264093A JP4441465B2 JP 4441465 B2 JP4441465 B2 JP 4441465B2 JP 2005264093 A JP2005264093 A JP 2005264093A JP 2005264093 A JP2005264093 A JP 2005264093A JP 4441465 B2 JP4441465 B2 JP 4441465B2
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- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940103494 thiosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc ferrite Chemical compound O=[Zn].O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1131—Coating methods; Structure of coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/107—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having magnetic components
- G03G9/1075—Structural characteristics of the carrier particles, e.g. shape or crystallographic structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1132—Macromolecular components of coatings
- G03G9/1133—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1132—Macromolecular components of coatings
- G03G9/1135—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1132—Macromolecular components of coatings
- G03G9/1135—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/1136—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon atoms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1139—Inorganic components of coatings
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
芯材としてはこの分野で常用されるものを使用でき、たとえば、鉄などの磁性金属、フェライト、マグネタイトなどの磁性酸化物などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、最も多く含む金属が鉄である鉄、フェライトなどの鉄系磁性金属が好ましく、フェライトが特に好ましい。フェライトとしては公知のものを使用でき、たとえば、亜鉛系フェライト、ニッケル系フェライト、銅系フェライト、ニッケル−亜鉛系フェライト、マンガン−マグネシウム系フェライト、銅−マグネシウム系フェライト、マンガン−亜鉛系フェライト、マンガン−銅−亜鉛系フェライトなどが挙げられる。これらのフェライト系粒子は、原料を混合し、仮焼および粉砕を経た後に焼成して得られ、焼成温度を変化させることにより、粒子の表面形状を変化させることが可能となる。芯材の寸法は特に制限されないけれども、体積平均粒子径10〜150μmのものが好ましく、体積平均粒子径25〜100μmのものがさらに好ましく、25〜50μmのものが特に好ましい。芯材の形状は特に制限されず、球状、粒状、不定形状、薄片状などのいずれでもよいけれども、球状であることが好ましい。芯材は、1種を単独で使用できまたは2種以上を併用できる。
本発明の二成分現像剤は、トナーと、本発明のキァリアとを含有する。本発明のキャリアについては前述したとおりである。
本発明の二成分現像剤に含まれるトナーとしては特に制限されず、電子写真方式による画像形成技術の分野で常用されるものをいずれも使用でき、たとえば、結着樹脂および着色剤を必須成分として含有し、さらに必要に応じて、電荷制御剤、離型剤、流動性改良剤などを含むトナーが挙げられる。
結着樹脂としてはこの分野で常用されるものを使用でき、たとえば、スチレン系重合体、ポリ塩化ビニル、フェノール樹脂、天然変性フェノール樹脂、天然変性マレイン酸樹脂、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル、シリコーン樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド樹脂、フラン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、キシレン樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、テルペン樹脂、クマロンインデン樹脂、石油系樹脂などが挙げられる。
多価アルコールと多価カルボン酸との縮重合は、公知の方法に従って実施できる。
着色剤として、この分野で常用されるものを使用でき、たとえば、イエロートナー用着色剤、マゼンタトナー用着色剤、シアントナー用着色剤、ブラックトナー用着色剤などが挙げられる。
電荷制御剤としてはこの分野で常用される正電荷制御用および負電荷制御用のものを使用できる。正電荷制御用の電荷制御剤としては、たとえば、塩基性染料、第四級アンモニウム塩、アミノピリン、ピリミジン化合物、多核ポリアミノ化合物、アミノシラン、ニグロシン染料などが挙げられる。負電荷制御用の電荷制御剤としては、オイルブラック、巣ピロンブラックなどの油溶性染料、含金属アゾ化合物、ナフテン酸金属塩、サリチル酸金属塩、脂肪酸石鹸、樹脂酸石鹸などが挙げられる。電荷制御剤は1種を単独で使用できまたは必要に応じて2種以上を併用できる。電荷制御剤の使用量は特に制限されず広い範囲から適宜選択できるけれども、好ましくは、結着樹脂100重量部に対して0.5〜3重量部である。
離型剤としてはこの分野で常用されるものを使用でき、たとえば、パラフィンワックスおよびその誘導体、マイクロクリスタリンワックスおよびその誘導体などの石油系ワックス、フィッシャートロプシュワックスおよびその誘導体、ポリオレフィンワックスおよびその誘導体、低分子量ポリプロピリンワックスおよびその誘導体、低分子量ポリエチレンワックスおよびその誘導体などの炭化水素系合成ワックス、カルナバワックスおよびその誘導体、ライスワックスおよびその誘導体、キャンデリラワックスおよびその誘導体、木蝋などの植物系ワックス、蜜蝋、鯨蝋などの動物系ワックス、脂肪酸アミド、フェノール脂肪酸エステルなどの油脂系合成ワックス、長鎖カルボン酸およびその誘導体、長鎖アルコールおよびその誘導体などが挙げられる。なお、誘導体には、酸化物、ビニル系モノマーとワックスとのブロック共重合物、ビニル系モノマーとワックスとのグラフト変性物などが含まれる。ワックスの使用量は特に制限されず広い範囲から適宜選択できるけれども、好ましくは、結着樹脂100重量部に対して0.2〜20重量部である。
流動性改良剤は外添剤として用いられ、たとえば、トナー表面に付着させることによってその効果が発揮される。流動性改良剤としてはこの分野で常用されるものを使用でき、たとえば、酸化ケイ素、酸化チタン、炭化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、チタン酸バリウムなどが挙げられる。流動性改良剤は1種を単独で使用できまたは2種以上を併用できる。流動性改良剤の使用量は特に制限されないけれども、好ましくは、トナー粒子100重量部に対して0.1〜3.0重量部である。
アルミナ粒子および芯材含有金属の蛍光X線分析は、蛍光X線分析装置(商品名:ZSX・PrimusII、(株)リガク製)を用い、X線源のターゲット:Rh、X線源への印加電圧:40kV、電流値:50mAとし、光学系の分光結晶にはLiF(対象:アルミナ粒子)またはペンタエリスリトール(PET、対象:芯材含有金属、本実施例では鉄)を用いまた検出器にはシンチレーションカウンタとフォトカウンタとを用い、さらに分光器の走査はスキップスキャン法を用い、1ステップあたり0.05度の角度に設定して特性X線強度の測定を行った。
初期Q/Mとは、モノクロ複写機(商品名:AR−450、シャープ(株)製)を用いて画像形成を実施する際の、初期現像剤(最初に(1枚目の)画像形成を行う際の現像剤)中のトナー帯電量である。測定方法は下記のとおりである。
帯電量(μC/g)=A×100/(B×0.2)
ライフQ/Mとは、モノクロ複写機(商品名:AR−450、シャープ(株)製)を用いて画像形成装置を行い、ライフ現像剤(設定された使用期間が終了した後の現像剤)中のトナー帯電量であり、測定は初期Q/Mと同様にして実施した。
帯電保持率(%)=(ライフQ/M)/(初期Q/M)×100
現像剤の使用期間中における複写枚数の総計である。
B−Hトレーサ(商品名:BHU−60型、理研電子(株)製)を用い、磁場12000エルステッド(Oe)を印加して得られたヒステリシス曲線から飽和磁化を求めた。
モノクロ複写機(商品名:AR−450、シャープ(株)製)を用い、感光体上に白ベタ画像を潜像させたときに、感光体上に付着したキャリアの個数として示した。なお、キャリア上りについては、キャリアの付着個数が50個未満であれば実用上問題のない状態であるけれども、30個以下が好ましく、15個以下であることが特に好ましい。
[トナーの製造]
ポリエステル(商品名:EPA501、三洋化成(株)製)100部
ポリエチレンワックス(離型剤、商品名:PE130、クラリアントジャパン(株)製)1.0部
ポリプロピレン(離型剤、商品名:NP−505、三井化学(株)製)1.5部
カーボンブラック(着色剤、商品名:330R、キャボット社製)10部
帯電制御剤(商品名:S−34、保土ヶ谷化学工業(株)製) 1部
[キャリアの製造]
シリコーン樹脂(商品名:KR−255、信越化学(株)製)100部(固形分換算)およびアルミナ粒子(体積平均粒子径10nm)15部をトルエンに分散させ、樹脂被覆層形成用分散液を調製した。
アルミナ粒子の使用量を20部から10部に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明のキャリアを製造した。
アルミナ粒子の使用量を20部から5部に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明のキャリアを製造した。
アルミナ粒子の使用量を20部に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較用のキャリアを製造した。
芯材の組成比(Fe元素/Mg元素比)の調整を行い、飽和磁化を60に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較用のキャリアを製造した。
実施例1と同様にして得られるキャリアに分級操作を施し、粒径20μm未満の微粉を除去した。
[二成分現像剤の製造]
製造例1で得られたトナー粒子および実施例1〜3のシリコーン樹脂被覆キャリアをそれぞれ用い、シリコーン樹脂キャリアのトナー粒子による被覆率が35%になるような割合で両者を混合し、本発明の二成分現像剤を製造した。
アルミナ粒子を使用しない以外は実施例1と同様にして、従来のキャリアを製造した。比較例1〜3およびこの従来のキャリアをそれぞれ用い、実施例4と同様にして比較用の二成分現像剤を製造した。
実施例4および比較例4で得られた二成分現像剤について、前述の試験方法に従って、性能試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
アルミナ粒子使用量を20部から15部に変更し、芯材の組成比(Fe元素/Mg元素比)を調整して飽和磁化50とする以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明のキャリアを製造した。
アルミナ粒子使用量を20部から10部に変更する以外は実施例5と同様にして、飽和磁化50の本発明のキャリアを製造した。
アルミナ粒子使用量を20部から5部に変更する以外は実施例5と同様にして、飽和磁化50の本発明のキャリアを製造した。
実施例5〜7で得られたキャリアを用いる以外は、実施例4と同様にして本発明の二成分現像剤を製造した。得られた二成分現像剤を用いて、前述の試験方法に従ってキャリア上りの個数を調べたところ、15個(実施例5)、11個(実施例6)および11個(実施例7)であった。
2 キャリア
3 トナー
4 芯材
5 樹脂被覆層
6 アルミナ粒子
Claims (2)
- 体積平均粒子径10〜150μmの鉄系芯材と、芯材の表面に形成され平均粒度が10nm〜500nmのアルミナ粒子を含有するシリコーン被覆層を有するキャリアであって、蛍光X線分析により測定される樹脂被覆層のアルミナ粒子のX線強度と芯材中の鉄のX線強度との比(アルミナ粒子のX線強度/鉄のX線強度)が3×10 −3 〜10×10 −3 であることを特徴とするキャリア。
- 請求項1のキァリアと、トナーとを含むことを特徴とする電子写真用現像剤。
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JP2008298890A (ja) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-11 | Sharp Corp | 現像剤、現像ユニット、現像装置、および画像形成装置 |
JP2009020211A (ja) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-29 | Sharp Corp | 磁性キャリア、2成分現像剤、現像装置、画像形成装置、および画像形成方法 |
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JPS607443A (ja) | 1983-06-27 | 1985-01-16 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 静電潜像現像剤用キヤリア |
JPH06202381A (ja) | 1993-01-05 | 1994-07-22 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | 静電潜像用現像剤 |
JP3107954B2 (ja) | 1993-08-24 | 2000-11-13 | 花王株式会社 | 電子写真用トナー及び静電荷像現像剤組成物 |
JPH07134437A (ja) | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-23 | Kao Corp | 静電荷像現像剤組成物 |
JP2907002B2 (ja) | 1994-06-16 | 1999-06-21 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電潜像現像用キャリア及びその製造方法、画像形成方法 |
JP3336838B2 (ja) | 1995-08-22 | 2002-10-21 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像剤および画像形成方法 |
JP3712112B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-12 | 2005-11-02 | 京セラミタ株式会社 | 電子写真用キャリア |
JP3912594B2 (ja) | 2002-12-18 | 2007-05-09 | 株式会社リコー | 静電潜像現像用キャリア |
JP3945810B2 (ja) | 2003-02-06 | 2007-07-18 | 株式会社リコー | 電子写真用キャリア、現像剤、プロセスカートリッジ |
JP4137730B2 (ja) | 2003-07-25 | 2008-08-20 | 株式会社リコー | 静電潜像現像用キャリア |
JP4089893B2 (ja) | 2003-07-31 | 2008-05-28 | 株式会社リコー | 静電潜像現像用キャリア、現像剤、およびプロセスカートリッジ |
US7279262B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2007-10-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic carrier and two-component developer |
-
2005
- 2005-09-12 JP JP2005264093A patent/JP4441465B2/ja active Active
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US20070059629A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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