JP4374248B2 - アテローム性動脈硬化症の治療用の手段 - Google Patents
アテローム性動脈硬化症の治療用の手段 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4374248B2 JP4374248B2 JP2003522512A JP2003522512A JP4374248B2 JP 4374248 B2 JP4374248 B2 JP 4374248B2 JP 2003522512 A JP2003522512 A JP 2003522512A JP 2003522512 A JP2003522512 A JP 2003522512A JP 4374248 B2 JP4374248 B2 JP 4374248B2
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Description
サンプル
第一臨床病院の心血管外科センター(Rostov-na-Donu, Russia)に冠状動脈および腹部大動脈のバイパス手術のために入院した、アテローム性動脈硬化症の臨床合併症を患う22人の患者由来の血清3サンプルずつを使用した。
この大動脈片(湿重量で約200〜400mg)をおよそ10mgの切片になるよう切断し、1%非イオン性界面活性剤Igepal CA-630を含むPBS 5.0ml中に入れ、機械式ホモジナイザー(Ultra-Turrax)により、15mmプローブを用いて全出力でそれぞれ3秒間、冷却用の間隔20秒間をはさんで3回繰り返してホモジナイズした。ホモジナイズの後、5000g、10分間の遠心分離により不溶性成分を分離し、上清を分析に用いた。
一晩絶食した翌朝に肘前静脈から血液を採取し、血清を分離して試験を行うまで-20℃で凍結しておいた。
脂質の過酸化は、分光光度法により測定されたMDA濃度のレベルとして評価した[Draper, H.H.ら, Free Radic. Biol. Med. (1993) 15, 353]。この方法は、マロンジアルデヒドがチオバルビツール酸と反応する際の発色生成物の形成に基づく。
抗クラミジアアブザイムを含むIgG画分は、上記のようにヒトアテローム性動脈硬化性病変部から抽出した。この画分の100μl(1ml当たり1μg含有)を、健康なドナー由来の890μlの全血清または脱脂血清とともに37℃、pH5.7で1時間プレインキュベートした。
抗クラミジアアブザイムのアッセイに使用される試薬を以下に示す:
1. ヒツジクラミジア生菌(凍結乾燥形態)
2. PBS(細菌溶解用)
3. 0.05M 酢酸バッファー pH4.0
4. 40%トリクロロ酢酸
5. 1mM 2-チオバルビツール酸。
1. 被験血清のサンプルを0.05Mの酢酸バッファー(pH4.0)で1:1に希釈し、これらのサンプルの最終pHを5.6〜5.8の間にする。
2. 990μlの希釈血清を10μlの市販ヒツジクラミジア生ワクチンと混合する。
3. 次にサンプルを37℃で一晩(12〜16時間)インキュベートする。
4. 各サンプルに250μlの40%トリクロロ酢酸および250μlの1mM 2-チオバルビツール酸を加える。
5. 全てのサンプルを水浴中に入れて、30分間煮沸する。
6. サンプルを冷まし、3,000gで10分間遠心分離する。
7. 上清を回収してそれらの吸光度をλ525nmで測定して、脂質過酸化の生成物であるマロンジアルデヒド(MDA)の濃度を決定する。
実施例1
上記の方法を用いて患者のアテローム性動脈硬化性病変部からIgGを抽出した。このIgG画分には抗クラミジア抗体が存在することが認められた(図1)。
脂質過酸化の阻害
ヒト検体
第一臨床病院の心血管外科センター(Rostov-na-Donu, Russia)において腹部大動脈狭窄のバイパス手術の際に、年齢範囲53〜64歳の4人の男性患者から取り出したヒト大動脈の、進行したアテローム性動脈硬化性病変部から抗体を抽出した。これらのサンプルは回収後直ちに30% w/vのNaCl溶液中に入れて試験まで0〜4℃で1〜2週間保存した。
4人の異なる患者から得た4片の腹部大動脈の病変部から抗体を抽出し、別々に分析した。
従前に記載された方法[Havel R.J.ら, J. Clin. Invest. (1955) 34, 1345-1353]に従ってKBr溶液中の連続分取超遠心分離により、健康なドナーの血漿から低密度リポタンパク質(d=1.030〜1.050)を得た。この調製物中でLDLはすでに血漿免疫グロブリンと結合している可能性がある[Bauer B.J. et al Atherosclerosis (1982), 44, 153-160]。
供試抗酸化剤を加えた、または加えない(対照)、LDLサンプルを、病変部のIgGとともに37℃、pH5.6で16時間インキュベートした。マロンジアルデヒド(MDA)濃度としての脂質過酸化のレベルを、以下に示す方法で測定した。各サンプル1.0mlに250μlの40%トリクロロ酢酸および250μlの1mM 2-チオバルビツール酸を加えた。サンプルを水浴中で30分間煮沸した後、それらを冷まし、3,000gで10分間遠心分離した。上清を回収してその吸光度をλ525nmで測定した。
この実験の結果を表6に示す。
鉄(Fe2+)キレート剤−テトラサイクリン
銅(Cu2+)キレート剤−DDC、アスピリンおよびペニシラミン
一般金属キレート剤−CN-、N3、DTPA(遊離イオンのみキレートする)、およびピコリン酸
結果は表11に示す。
脂質酸化性抗クラミジア抗体活性の低下の臨床例
患者−A.M.P.。白人。男性。43歳。息切れとともに一過性の非刺激性胸痛を訴える狭心症の初期ステージに似た臨床症状。しかしながら、ECGでは心臓に病理学的変化は認められなかった。
2週間後に重ねて行った試験の結果も同様であった。
ヒツジ血清の脂質過酸化に対するヒツジクラミジアの影響
標準法を用いてヒツジにクラミジア細胞をワクチン接種し、アブザイム活性について試験した。結果を表10に示す。
アブザイム活性と動脈狭窄との関連性
2つの異なる臨床群において、脂質酸化性抗クラミジア抗体の活性および動脈狭窄の程度を調べた。第1の群は虚血性心疾患(IHD)の患者からなり、第2の群は虚血性脳血管疾患(ICD)の患者からなる。
この試験の予備的な結果から、IHD患者の抗クラミジアアブザイムの活性と冠状動脈狭窄の重篤度との間には有意な正の相関関係がみられる(図5)。
ICD患者群において、アブザイムレベルと動脈狭窄との間に有意な正の相関関係が認められた(図9)。
アセチルサリチル酸(アスピリン)を用いるアブザイムの阻害
表13および14に示したデータは、アセチルサリチル酸(アスピリン)をヒトに投与した場合、アセチルサリチル酸(アスピリン)が抗クラミジア脂質酸化アブザイムの活性を阻害することができることを示している。
血液中のこれらのアブザイムのアブザイム活性が著しく高い冠状動脈性心臓病(CHD)の患者を、250mgの日用量のアスピリンを用いて処置した。
クラミジア細胞と交差反応する抗体
ヒトApo-Bに特異的な抗体の市販品を、ヒツジクラミジア・プシタッシ(Intervet)と交差反応する能力について試験した。
in vivoにおけるアブザイム活性に対する抗クラミジア薬の作用
年齢45〜62歳の安定狭心症の患者に、アジスロマイシン500mgを1日1回、15日間および30日間投与するか、またはアジスロマイシン500mgとアスピリン250mgを毎日15日間投与するかのいずれかによって処置した。
処置前および処置後のアブザイム活性を、第1群は表15、第2群は表16に示す。
抗クラミジア薬であるアジスロマイシンを、特にアスピリンと併用して2週間にわたり投与したところ、狭心症を患う患者のアブザイム活性が減少し、臨床病状が改善された。
in vivoにおけるアブザイム活性
本明細書に記載した方法を用いて、5組の被験者のアブザイムレベルを測定した。対照群は現行の手法により健康であると判定された。無症候性虚血群は、ECG運動負荷テストで虚血性であることが分かったが健康障害の自覚はない個体であった。安定または不安定狭心症を患う個体群、および心筋梗塞を患った個体群も試験した。
in vivoにおけるアブザイム活性に対するアスピリンの影響
安定狭心症または不安定狭心症のクラスI、クラスIIおよびクラスIIIに当たる個体の群において、本明細書に記載の方法を用いてアブザイム活性を測定した。個体にはアスピリン服用の有無を問診した。アスピリン服用の報告の有無により個体をさらにサブグループに分けて、結果を表19に示した。これらの結果は、アスピリンを服用しているが報告しなかった個体についての調整はされていない。
アテローム性動脈硬化性疾患の動物モデル
ウサギに、1×107.5個のクラミジア細胞を含有するニワトリ胚の10%懸濁液1.5mlを気管内投与することにより、クラミジア・プシタッシ(Lori株)に感染させた。このウサギの血清を、標準的な血液採取経路により心臓から、0日目(感染前)に、そしてその後14日ごとに採取した。
4個体のウサギについての結果(感染3個体、対照1個体)を表20に示す。
ウサギにおける抗クラミジアアブザイム
クラミジア・プシタッシの気管内感染により、上記のように作製されたウサギモデルを用いて、脂質酸化性抗クラミジア抗体の産生を証明した。
虚血性心疾患における抗アブザイム治療
虚血性心疾患(IHD)患者30人の群を、血清中の抗クラミジアアブザイム活性を減少/排除する実験的治療のために選択し(治療群)、「同等の」患者20人の群は処置しなかった(非処置患者対照群)。この試験はサラトフ心臓病学センター(ロシア連邦)において2002年6月から8月まで行われた。
1.) 治療群A−抗クラミジアアブザイムの非特異的阻害剤であり、抗菌特性も有するアジスロマイシンが500mg/日の用量で処方された。
2.) 治療群B−同用量のアジスロマイシンとアセチルサリチル酸(アスピリン)の併用投与が処方された。後者はその活性中心の銅イオンをキレート化することにより特異的にアブザイムを阻害する明らかな能力を有する。アスピリンの用量は250mg/日であった。
3.) 治療群C−抗酸化特性を有するアブザイムの2種類の非特異的阻害剤である、前記の群と同用量の抗菌薬アジスロマイシン、およびビタミンE、A、C、の併用投与が処方された。ビタミンEは30mg/日、ビタミンAは1,500EU/日およびビタミンCは90mg/日の用量であった。
4.) 治療群D−この群の患者にはアスピリンのみを250mg/日の用量で投与した。
アジスロマイシンの抗アブザイム/抗酸化特性
アテローム性動脈硬化性病変部から単離されたアブザイムに対するアジスロマイシンの阻害活性を上記のように測定した。その結果を表30に示す。それぞれの数は、ヒツジクラミジアワクチン('Intervet')を0.5の免疫用量で投与する前および後の被験血清中のMDA蓄積レベル間の差として計算された2回測定/3回測定の平均値である。(**)で示された場合は、DMSOの影響を測定値から差し引いた。
クラミジアの膜の完全性とアブザイム活性
ホルマリン、硫酸アンモニウムまたはSDS処理されたクラミジア・ニューモニエ(Chlamydia pneumoniae)またはクラミジア・プシタッシ(Chlamydia psittaci)のサンプルを用いて、上記のようにアブザイム活性を測定した。これらの反応において、試験系中で脂質酸化反応は認められなかった。
症例経過
症例番号1
64歳の男性患者は、狭心症の最初の症状がみられた3年前に虚血性心疾患であると診断された。この診断は冠状動脈造影法で確認され、2つの動脈の狭窄が明らかになった:右冠状動脈の75%、前心室内動脈の100%が閉塞。
2002年2月21日に46歳の男性患者が急性心筋梗塞で入院し、IHDと診断された。その患者は、それ以前には心臓病の病歴はなかった。その後5月に冠状動脈造影を行い、冠状動脈に狭窄/狭小化は無いことが示された。
血栓症に対する抗アブザイム治療の効果
アテローム性動脈硬化性疾患の指標のうちの1つは、多くの場合、患者の血液が凝血塊を形成するのに要する時間に異常がみられることである(患者ではこれは通常増加している)。様々な経路により凝血塊形成が引き起こされ、そのため凝固時間に関しては国際的に認められた試験が4つある。1つは活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間(APTT)と呼ばれており、トロンボプラスチンとカルシウムを添加し、内在性経路を測定することによって実施する。2つめはプロトロンビン時間(PT)と呼ばれ、外因性経路を単純に測定するものである。シリカ凝固時間(SCT)は、微細粒子(シリカ)により誘発された凝固を測定し、カオリン凝固時間(KCT)はより大きな粒子(カオリン)により誘発された凝固を測定する。これら全てについて、凝固時間が迅速であることは血栓症の危険度が高いことを示す。
Claims (1)
- アテローム性動脈硬化性疾患を治療するための医薬の製造方法であって、該医薬にアジスロマイシンおよびアスピリンを含有させることを含む、上記方法。
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