JP4367817B2 - Whole ground excavator using flexible bit - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ground excavation apparatus for constructing piles and shafts, and in particular, excavates regardless of the hardness or softness of the ground by a ground excavation apparatus that excavates a foundation hole with a casing and expands the foundation hole with an enlarged wing. It relates to the entire ground excavator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[0003]
8 to 12 show a conventional ground excavator 1A and a state in which a hard rock ground is vertically drilled.
8 and 9, the ground excavating apparatus 1A is mainly composed of a casing 5A that is moved up and down and rotated by a rotary excavator 3A installed on the ground GL, and a diameter-expanded wing 7A provided at the lower portion of the casing 5A. It has been configured.
A plurality of casing cutters 5B are horizontally attached to the lower end portion of the casing 5A, and are configured to excavate the foundation hole dA.
A plurality of rotary cutters 16A are provided in a truncated cone shape at the tip of the enlarged diameter wing 7A, and are configured to expand the diameter of the basic hole dA to the enlarged diameter DA.
[0004]
The operation | movement point of the said ground excavation apparatus 1A is shown by FIGS.
FIG. 10 shows a resting state in which the lower end portion of the casing 5A is grounded on the excavated ground G0, and a distance of, for example, 500 mm is provided between the jack 6A and the enlarged diameter wing 7A.
[0005]
FIG. 11 shows a state where the base hole dA is dug down by the casing cutter 5B of the casing 5A. As for the distance to be dug, h = 500 mm is the maximum distance, and the ground of the base hole dA at that time is G1.
[0006]
FIG. 12 shows the diameter expansion excavation of the foundation hole dA. The casing 5A is pulled upward by 500 mm from the position of the casing 5A in FIG. 11, thrust is applied to the diameter-expanded wing 7A from above, and the diameter is expanded by excavating a roller bit 16A that is a rotary cutter. The maximum distance H between the jack 6A and the expanded diameter wing 7A in the expanded diameter excavation is 1000 mm. After the diameter expansion excavation by the diameter expansion wing 7A, the casing 5A is pushed down again to dig down the ground G1 of the foundation hole dA.
[0007]
In the excavation work by the ground excavator 1A having the above configuration, when the ground is changed from a soft ground to a hard rock, the excavation method is different between the hard ground and the soft ground, and the drilling direction is vertical. There is a difference in how to collect excavation sludge and how to discharge out of the hole. Therefore, it is necessary to exchange cutting tools between hard ground and soft ground (for example, a bite-type cutting tool with a hard blade attached on soft ground, a disk cutter or roller bit on hard ground), and excavation of excavated soil. In general, water is collected at the center by water flow and discharged by a mud pipe. However, in the case of a large diameter, large power is required, and an earth and sand separator and a yard are required on the ground surface.
[0008]
Replacing the conventional ground excavator as described above with a drilling device adapted to the hardness and softness of the ground increases the man-hour and the work period, which requires a large amount of manpower and equipment transportation man-hours. It is time consuming and dangerous, and has the disadvantages of requiring water stoppage.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide an all-ground excavation apparatus that does not require replacement of the excavation apparatus regardless of whether the ground is hard or soft, for example, in dry or underwater conditions.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the entire ground excavating apparatus using the flexible bit of the present invention, the ground excavating apparatus for constructing a pile and a shaft includes a flexible bit having a flexibility in a diameter expansion wing and a rotary bit. The tip of the excavating blade of the flexible bit is longer in the excavation ground direction than the tip of the rotary bit.
[0011]
According to the above, the base hole, that is, the preceding hole is excavated with the casing, and the diameter is expanded with the diameter expansion wing. Since the flexible bit has a long dimension to the cutting edge when the diameter is expanded, when the expanded wing rotates by excavation, the flexible bit is first touched to the excavated ground and is excavated by the flexible bit. On the ground where the excavated ground is hard, the flexible bit is bent and the rotary bit comes into contact with the hard ground for excavation. Therefore, it is possible to perform excavation consistently without replacing the excavator with different bits for hard ground and soft ground.
[0012]
The flexible bit is preferably configured by assembling a plurality of steel wires.
[0013]
As a result, the steel wire tip portion and the wire portion become a blade, and the wire portion is flexible. The flexibility can be arbitrarily set to a predetermined value by the material, diameter and quantity of the steel wire.
[0014]
The flexible bit is formed in a rectangular box shape by collecting a plurality of steel wires, and is attached to the enlarged diameter wing, and attached to the radially outer side of the enlarged diameter wing. Is preferably located at a position advanced in the excavation rotation direction of the enlarged diameter wing from the other end of the rectangular box attached radially inward.
[0015]
Accordingly, since the flexible bit is inclined in the direction of rotation of the wing, not only excavation of the soft ground but also gathering of the gap toward the center of the base hole facilitates grab discharge.
[0016]
The flexible bit may be arranged radially from the center of the excavation hole so as to collect excavation gaps at the center by rotation.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the entire ground excavating apparatus using the flexible bit of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
1-3, the diameter-expansion cutter 10 which provided the flexible bit 13 is shown, and the relationship between the diameter-expansion cutter 10, the diameter-expansion wing 7, and the casing 5 is shown in FIG.6 and FIG.7.
[0019]
In FIG. 1, the main part of the diameter expanding cutter 10 is composed of a flat cutter support 11, a steel wire cutter 13 that is a flexible bit, and a rotary cutter 16 that is a rotary bit.
[0020]
The cutter support 11 holds a steel wire cutter 13 by a square-bar-shaped steel wire support 12 at one end, and a shaft that penetrates the U-shaped rotary cutter support 14 and the rotary cutter support 14 at the other end. The rotary cutter 16 is rotatably held by 15.
[0021]
The steel wire cutter 13 is formed in a rectangular box shape by collecting a plurality of steel wire rods having the same length, and the upper end portion is fixed to the steel wire support portion 12.
The flexibility can be arbitrarily set according to the material, diameter, length, number, etc. of the steel wire.
[0022]
The rotary cutter 16 uses a known disk cutter, but may be a known roller bit.
[0023]
The cutter support 11 is attached to a diameter-expanded wing 7 which will be described later such that a steel wire cutter 13 is disposed in the forward direction of the excavation rotation direction and a rotary cutter 16 is disposed in the rear part thereof.
[0024]
The distance from the excavation blade tip 13a which is the leg length of the steel wire cutter 13 to the excavation ground Gs in FIG. 1 is configured to be longer than the lowermost end portion 16a which is the blade tip of the rotary cutter 16. Thus, when excavating, the steel wire cutter 13 is first grounded to the excavation ground Gs, and in the state of FIG. 2 where the excavation resistance is large and the steel wire cutter 13 is bent, the rotary cutter 16 is grounded and excavated. .
[0025]
FIG. 4 shows the steel wire cutter 13 in which the assembly state of the steel wire cutter 13 is changed. A steel wire cutter in which a wire bundle 13w obtained by collecting steel wires in a small number of bundles is fixed at a fixed end 12b as one unit, and a plurality of units are assembled. 13b is shown. The fixing portion 12b is fixed to the cutter body 11 in FIGS. 1 to 3 as a single body by fixing the fixing portion 12b with the frame body 11b. The gap between the wire bundles 13w has an effect of reducing the resistance to gathering without pushing the excavation at a stretch.
In addition, it is possible to exchange the wire bundle 13w at a site that is heavily consumed, and it is easy to attach and detach.
[0026]
FIG. 5 shows a steel wire cutter 13c in which a single twisted steel wire 13r is fixed by a fixing portion 12c as one unit and a plurality of units are assembled. The fixing portion 12c is fixed by the frame 11c and is fixed to the cutter support 11 in FIGS. It is easy to form a cutter with high bending rigidity. Further, the gap between the wire bundles 13r has an effect of reducing the resistance to gathering without pushing the excavation gap at a stretch. In addition, it is possible to replace the highly consumed wire bundle 13r, and it is easy to detach.
[0027]
6 and 7, the mounting state of the diameter expanding cutter 10 on the diameter expanding wing 7 will be described mainly with respect to a difference from the conventional ground excavating apparatus 1A.
A plurality of jacks 6 extending and contracting along the casing 5 are provided at the lower portion of the casing 5, and the diameter-expanded wing 7 is supported by the piston 6 a of the jack 6 so as to freely move up and down.
[0028]
In the drawing, three cutter support portions 7a are provided so that a conical cone shape is formed at the lower end portion of the enlarged diameter wing 7 during rotation. One or two diameter expansion cutters 10 are mounted on each of the cutter support portions 7a.
[0029]
In FIG. 7, a plurality of rotary cutters 16 are attached to the diameter expansion cutter 10 and are attached so as to rotate along the rotating circumferential line of the diameter expansion wing 7.
[0030]
Although the steel wire cutter 13 is mounted together with the rotary cutter 16, in the illustrated example, the attachment to the cutter support portion 7a is not radial, and the radially outer end 13o (see FIG. 3) is radially inward. It is attached to a position advanced in the excavation rotation direction from the other end 13i (see FIG. 3).
Further, the steel wire cutters 13 may be arranged radially from the center of the excavation hole, and the excavation gap may be collected at the center by rotation.
[0031]
The plurality of steel wire cutters 13 mounted on the cutter support portion 7a are mounted at unequal positions in the radial direction. Thereby, it arrange | positions so that the whole diameter expansion part area can be excavated, and it arrange | positions so that excavation gaps may gather in the base hole d.
[0032]
The operation of the entire ground excavator 1 having the above-described configuration will be described.
In FIG. 6, the casing 5 is in a state where the foundation hole d is excavated by the half stroke h of the jack 6.
[0033]
Next, the casing 5 is pulled upward by h to prepare for excavation for expanding the diameter into the hole D. As a result, a space for collecting and discharging gaps generated in the diameter expansion excavation is formed.
[0034]
Next, the expanded hole D is excavated by the expanded diameter wing 7.
For example, if the excavation ground is a soft formation, the steel wire cutter 13 excavates as shown in FIG. At the same time, the excavation slot is pushed out and accumulated in the direction of the base hole d, and the grab is discharged.
[0035]
When the excavated ground changes from a soft formation to a hard rock or the like, as shown in FIG. 2, the steel wire cutter 13 is bent in the direction opposite to the excavation direction by the bending flexibility of the steel wire rod. Since the thrust is constantly applied to the diameter-expanded wing 7 from above by the jack 6, the bending of the steel wire cutter 13 is increased, and the rotary cutter 16 is grounded to excavate the hard formation. The gap generated by the excavation of the rotary cutter 16 is pushed out and accumulated in the direction of the base hole d by the steel wire cutter 13 and is discharged.
[0036]
When returning from a hard formation to a soft formation, excavation is performed again with the steel wire cutter 13.
As described above, excavation can be continued consistently by the bending of the flexible steel wire cutter 13 even when the ground changes from soft to hard rock.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
The effects of the present invention are listed below.
(1) The entire ground excavation apparatus using the flexible bit according to the present invention excavates with a flexible bit in a soft ground and expands with a rotary bit in a hard ground when expanding the foundation hole. As a result, excavation can be continued consistently without exchanging the excavator.
(2) Since excavation equipment is not changed depending on the excavation geology, labor for exchanging equipment is not required, and the construction period can be shortened.
(3) Since there is no excavation equipment replacement, there is no need to carry a large amount of materials and equipment.
(4) Longer construction period and risk associated with excavation equipment replacement.
(5) Dry work and underwater work can be integrated and water stoppage is unnecessary.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a diameter expanding cutter using a flexible bit of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory side view showing a state in which hard ground is excavated by the diameter expanding cutter of FIG. 1;
3 is a front view taken along arrow X in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing another shape of the flexible bit.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing still another shape of the flexible bit.
6 is a side view of the entire ground excavator of the present invention equipped with the diameter expansion cutter of FIG. 1. FIG.
7 is a view taken in the direction of arrow Y in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a conventional excavator.
9 is a view as seen from the direction of the arrow Z in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a side view showing a state before excavation in an explanatory diagram of excavation by a conventional excavator;
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of excavation by a conventional excavator and a side view showing an excavation state of a foundation hole by a casing.
FIG. 12 is a side view showing an enlarged state of a foundation hole by an enlarged wing in an explanatory view of excavation by a conventional excavator.
[Explanation of symbols]
d ... Foundation hole D ... Expanded hole Gs ... Soft ground Gh, Gc ... Hard ground 1 ... Whole ground excavating device 3A using the flexible bit of the present invention ... Rotary excavator 5 ··· Casing 5b ··· Casing cutter 6 ··· Jack 7 · · · Diameter wing 7a · · Cutter support 10 · · Diameter cutter 11 · · Cutter supports 12, 12b, 12c · · Steel wire support 13. Steel wire cutter (flexible bit)
13a ·· Blade tip 13b ·· Bundled steel wire cutter 13c ·· Tuned steel wire cutter 14 ·· Rotating cutter support 15 ·· Shaft 16 ·· Rotating cutter (rotary bit)
16a ... tip of blade

Claims (4)

A ground excavation apparatus for constructing a pile and a shaft is provided with a flexible bit having a flexibility in a diameter expansion wing and a rotary bit, and the tip of the flexible bit is a blade of the rotary bit. An all-ground excavation apparatus using a flexible bit, characterized in that it is provided in a direction longer than the tip in the excavation ground direction. The whole ground excavation device using the flexible bit according to claim 1, wherein the flexible bit is configured by assembling a plurality of steel wires. The flexible bit is configured by collecting a plurality of steel wires into a rectangular box shape and is attached to the enlarged wing, and one end of the rectangular box attached to the radially outer side of the enlarged wing has a radius. The whole ground excavation apparatus using a flexible bit according to claim 1, wherein the entire ground excavation apparatus is located at a position advanced in the excavation rotation direction of the enlarged diameter wing from the other end of the rectangular box attached inward in the direction. 2. The entire ground excavation apparatus using the flexible bit according to claim 1, wherein the flexible bit is arranged radially from the center of the excavation hole and is configured to collect excavation gaps at a central portion by rotation.

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