JP4272985B2 - 溶接するための方法 - Google Patents

溶接するための方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4272985B2
JP4272985B2 JP2003510212A JP2003510212A JP4272985B2 JP 4272985 B2 JP4272985 B2 JP 4272985B2 JP 2003510212 A JP2003510212 A JP 2003510212A JP 2003510212 A JP2003510212 A JP 2003510212A JP 4272985 B2 JP4272985 B2 JP 4272985B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
component
welding
components
region
laser beam
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Expired - Lifetime
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JP2003510212A
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English (en)
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JP2005508262A (ja
Inventor
ヴァイプレン クルト
オール クリスティアン
コーン オリヴァー
ハーク フリーダー
ホーナー ミヒャエル
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/328Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect
    • B29C66/3282Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect for reinforcing the joint
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • B23K26/244Overlap seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7829Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12445Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue on the side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1286Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/322Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92651Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026Transparent
    • B29K2995/0027Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/34Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3481Housings or casings incorporating or embedding electric or electronic elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Description

本発明は、独立請求項の上位概念部に記載したような、溶接するための方法から出発する。
溶接エネルギをレーザによって供給する、構成部材を溶接するための方法が、既に公知である。この場合、レーザ光線を、透過性の構成部材を透過するように、レーザ光線を吸収する第2の構成部材に向ける、いわゆる透過放射・溶接方法も公知である。吸収によってこの領域は、材料が溶融されるまで強く加熱される。溶融物が、透過性の構成部材の材料に接触すると、この材料も溶融され、したがって両構成部材が溶接される。吸収性の材料の溶融物と透過性の材料との接触を保証するために、両構成部材は溶接に際して押し合わされる。間隔は、溶接距離の測定と供給されるエネルギの調整とによって調節されるか、または溶接開始後の、この場合に使用される力に依存して調節される。
発明の利点
これに対して、独立請求項の特徴部に記載したように構成された本発明による方法は、溶接中の両構成エレメントの間隔がストッパによって予め規定されているという利点を有している。したがって、溶接された状態の両構成部材の間隔は、両構成部材を溶接中に押し合わせた力には依存していない。溶融領域において両構成部材が互いに所定の角度を有している場合、余分な溶融された材料が、規定されて溶融領域の片側へ案内され得る。こうして、溶接箇所の品質が高められる。
ストッパは、選択的に溶接シームの片側だけにまたは溶接シームの両側に形成されていてよい。本発明による方法は、ケーシング、特に電子的な構成素子のためのケーシングを形成している構成部材を互いに溶接するのに特別に適している。
図面
本発明の実施例が図面に示されていて、以下の実施例の説明で詳しく説明される。図1および図2には本発明による方法の第1実施例が、図3および図4には本発明による方法の第2実施例が、図5および図6には本発明による方法の第3実施例が、図7および図8には本発明による方法の第4実施例が示されている。
実施例の説明
図1には、構成部材を溶接するための、本発明による方法の第1実施例が、構成部材の横断面図によって示される。図1には溶接前の状態が示され、図2には溶接後の状態が示される。
図1の横断面図には、第1の構成部材1および第2の構成部材2が示される。第1の構成部材1については、特にケーシング蓋部が想定され、第2の構成部材2については、特にケーシング底部が想定される。第1の構成部材1は、力矢印3によって示されるように、第2の構成部材2に押し付けられる。次いで、互いに押し合わされた状態で、レーザ光線4が、構成部材1を透過するように構成部材2に向けられる。構成部材1は、レーザ光線に対して透過性の材料から成っている。すなわち、構成部材1の材料における、レーザ光線4からのエネルギの吸収は、小さいかまたは僅かにすぎないに等しい。構成部材2は、レーザ光線4を強く吸収する材料から成っている。この吸収によって強く加熱される。なぜならば、レーザ光線のエネルギは、構成部材2の僅かな体積に吸収されるからである。構成部材1,2はそれぞれ溶融領域5を有している。この溶融領域5は、本来の溶接部のために溶解される領域であり、すなわち、材料が溶解によって互いに混合され、かつこれにより本来の溶接結合部を形成する、構成部材1,2の領域である。これらの領域は、本来の溶接の前か後かにはかかわりなく、溶融領域5と呼ばれる。
構成部材1および構成部材2のための材料として、特にプラスチックが考慮の対象になる。このようなプラスチックの場合、適宜な添加剤によって、特に赤外線領域のレーザ光線に対して、次のことが達成され得る。すなわち、一方のプラスチック材料が赤外線レーザ光線のエネルギをほとんど吸収しないのとは対照的に、他方の材料が赤外線レーザのエネルギを強く吸収することが、達成され得る。
強く吸収する構成部材2の溶融領域5にレーザ光線が入射する際、多量の熱量がこの溶融領域5にもたらされる。したがって、下側の構成部材2の材料が溶融し始める。この液状の溶融物が、上側の構成部材1の溶融領域5に接触すると、上側の構成部材1も前記溶融領域5において溶解される。このことは、構成部材1,2が溶接プロセス中に互いに押し合わされ、ひいては下側の構成部材2の溶融された材料が上側の構成部材1に接触することによって、達成される。場合によってはまだ存在している僅かなギャップは、毛管力によって橋絡される。溶融領域5における構成部材1,2の材料の溶解によって、完全混合が起こり、最終的には本来の溶接結合部が形成される。この溶接結合部7は、図2には横断面が示される。このように形成された溶接結合部7によって、構成部材1と構成部材2とが互いに堅固に結合される。溶接結合部7が環状の溶接シームとして形成される場合、構成部材1,2の、ハーメチックシール作用を有する結合部が形成される。特に、ここではケーシング底部として形成されている構成部材2は、大きい切欠11を有していてよく、この切欠11内に、溶接前に実装すべき構成エレメント、特に電子的な切換回路が配置され得る。
溶接に際して構成部材1,2が、十分に大きい力で互いに押し合わされる場合、溶融された材料は、溶接領域5から側方へ押し出される。したがって力3に依存して、溶接結合部7の幾何学的な形状と、ひいては溶接された状態の両構成部材1,2の相互間隔とが、変化させられる。したがって本発明によれば、溶接中の両構成部材1,2の、力3の方向における移動を制限するストッパ6を設けることが、提案される。図1および図2では、ストッパ6は、第1の構成部材1と第2の構成部材2との、対応する段状の構成によって形成される。この場合、段状の突出部は、溶接前に構成部材1,2がまず溶融領域5において重なり合うように寸法設計されている。次いで、レーザエネルギが溶融領域5に放射されると、溶解された材料の少量が側方へ押し退けられ、段状のストッパが重なり合う。次いで冷却後、構成部材1,2は、溶接結合部7の隣に位置するストッパ6に当て付けられている。このストッパ6は、レーザ入射によってストッパ6の軟化とひいては場合によってはこの領域の変形可能性とが生じないことを保証するために、幾何学的に溶融領域5の隣に配置されている。
本発明による方法の別の実施例が、図3および図4において説明される。参照符号1,2,3,4,5,7および11によって、図1および図2における対象物と同じ対象物が再び示され、これらの対象物も同じ機能を引き受けている。しかしながら図1および図2とは異なって、図3および図4では、多数のストッパ6が設けられている。この場合特に、ストッパ6は溶融領域5の片側にしか配置されていないのではなく、溶融領域5の両側に配置されている。外側の領域にストッパ6が設けられており、これらのストッパは溶接領域5のすぐ隣に配置されている。構成部材1,2の中心領域には、さらなる中央のストッパ6が設けられており、このストッパ6は、溶接領域5から比較的遠くに配置されている。前記中央のストッパ6によって、特に、溶接過程中の構成部材1の変形が制限される。これは特に、構成部材1,2がケーシングを形成しており、かつこのケーシング内に含まれている中空室11が、横方向の大きい長さを有している場合、重要である。この事例では、第1の構成部材1は、やはり横方向の大きい長さを有している蓋部として形成されている。蓋部を形成しているこの構成部材1は、横方向の長さに比較して、その厚さが比較的に薄く形成されている。したがって、溶接過程中の力3の導入によって、蓋部を形成している前記構成部材1の変形が起こり得る。さらにこの構成部材1は溶接後、力3がもはや構成部材1に作用しない時に、再びもとの形をとろうとするであろう。この場合、構成部材1,2において、溶接結合部7を負荷する機械的応力が生ぜしめられるであろう。中心領域におけるストッパ6によって溶接中の構成部材1の変形が制限されるので、この手段によって、完成されたケーシングにおける機械的応力も減少される。
図5および図6には、本発明による方法のさらに別の実施例が示される。参照符号1,2,3,4,7および11によって、上記の図における対象物と同じ対象物が再び示され、これらの対象物も、同じ機能を引き受けている。しかしながら、ここでも再び1つの相違点が、溶融領域5とストッパ6との構成によって得られる。図5に示されているように、構成部材1は単純に、構造化されていないプレート表面を備えたプレート状の構成エレメントとして形成されている。第2の構成部材2は溶融領域5を有しており、この溶融領域5は、溶融領域5のすぐ近くにこの溶融領域5の両側で配置されているストッパに比較して、所定の隆起部を形成している。この隆起部の高さは、図5には誇張して示されていて、現実には、どのような深さまでレーザ光線4が第2の材料を溶解するかによって実質的に左右される。図6には、完全に溶接された構成エレメントの横断面が示される。この場合、第1の構成部材1が、図5において構成部材2のストッパ6によって形成された平面にほぼぴったりと当て付けられていることがわかる。溶接結合部7は前記平面を起点として、僅かに構成部材1,2に食い込むように延在している。図5および図6に示した方法における利点は、第1の構成部材1の単純な構成にあり、この第1の構成部材1は、特に、単一のプレートとして形成されていてよい。
図7および図8には、本発明による方法のさらに別の実施例が示される。参照符号1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11によって、図1および図2における対象物と同じ対象物が再び示され、これらの対象物も同じ機能を果たす。しかしながら図1とは異なって、構成部材2の溶融領域5は、構成部材1の溶融領域5に対して平行には形成されておらず、所定の角度を有している。この角度によって、下側の構成部材2と上側の構成部材1との溶融された材料が、構成部材1,2の押し合わせによって規定されて側方へ外側に移動させられることが達成される。これは図8では溶接材料滴12によって示され、この溶接材料滴12は溶接中に側方へ溶接結合部7から押し出されたものである。構成部材2の溶融領域5の斜め面取り部によって、余分な溶融された材料の有利な流出が側方に生ぜしめられたのである。
もちろん、両溶融領域5、すなわち構成部材1と構成部材2とにおける両溶融領域5を斜め面取りして形成することも、特に両溶融領域5が力3の方向に対して直角を成さないように形成することも、可能である。このことによって、溶融された材料の側方への追出しがさらに強化される。さらに、溶融領域5の構成の前記形状は、技術的に、ストッパ6が形成されなくても有利である。なぜならば、まだ溶接されていない構成部材1,2の、斜めに面取りされた溶融領域によって、いかなる場合でも、余分な溶融された材料の側方への流出が保証されるからである。しかも両手段、すなわちストッパ6と溶融領域5の斜めに面取りされた構成とは、構成部材1,2の溶接部の品質改善に寄与する。このことは特に、電子的な構成素子の実装の分野で所望される。なぜならばこの分野では、電子的な構成素子用のケーシングのための溶接結合部の品質に、極めて高度の要求が課せられるからである。
本発明による方法の第1実施例の、溶接前の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第1実施例の、溶接後の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第2実施例の、溶接前の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第2実施例の、溶接後の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第3実施例の、溶接前の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第3実施例の、溶接後の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第4実施例の、溶接前の状態を示す図である 本発明による方法の第4実施例の、溶接後の状態を示す図である

Claims (5)

  1. 第1の構成部材(1)を第2の構成部材(2)に溶接するための方法であって、第1および第2の構成部材(1,2)の溶融領域(5)を溶融するためのエネルギを、レーザ光線によって提供し、レーザ光線(4)を、第1の構成部材(1)を透過するように第2の構成部材(2)に向け、両構成部材(1,2)を、溶接開始から互いに押し合わせ、この場合、第1の構成部材(1)が、レーザ光線(4)のエネルギを弱くしか吸収しない材料から成っており、かつ第2の構成部材(2)が、レーザ光線(4)のエネルギを強く吸収する材料から成っている方式のものにおいて、両構成部材(1,2)が、溶接前の溶接領域(5)において、互いに所定の角度を成しているようにし、該角度によって、溶接に際して、溶融された材料の有利な流出を溶接領域(5)の片側で生ぜしめることを特徴とする、溶接するための方法。
  2. 溶接された状態の第1および第2の構成部材(1,2)によって、ケーシングを形成する、請求項記載の方法。
  3. 前記ケーシングが、電子的な構成素子のためのケーシングである、請求項1記載の方法。
  4. 両構成部材(1,2)のための材料としてプラスチックを使用し、かつさらなる材料をプラスチックに添加することによって、異なる吸収特性を調節する、請求項1からまでのいずれか1項記載の方法。
  5. 溶融領域(5)の外側に、少なくとも1つのストッパ(6)を設け、該ストッパ(6)によって、両構成部材(1,2)の互いに向かっての移動を制限する、請求項1記載の方法。
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WO2003004211A3 (de) 2008-04-10
US20040200569A1 (en) 2004-10-14
EP1572414A2 (de) 2005-09-14
EP1572414B1 (de) 2011-08-10
DE10131430A1 (de) 2003-01-16
WO2003004211A2 (de) 2003-01-16
US6872911B2 (en) 2005-03-29
JP2005508262A (ja) 2005-03-31

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