JP4200339B2 - 燃料電池単位セル、燃料電池単位セルアレイ、燃料電池モジュール及び燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池単位セル、燃料電池単位セルアレイ、燃料電池モジュール及び燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 501
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 191
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 191
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 190
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 172
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 13
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 11
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- YPPQDPIIWDQYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Rh] Chemical compound [Ru].[Rh] YPPQDPIIWDQYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
- H01M8/0293—Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
電解質層102では、水素イオンは移動可能であるが、電子は移動できない。したがって、水素イオンは電解質層102を拡散して酸素極103へ移動し、電子は燃料極101と酸素極103とを外部で接続する回路104を通って酸素極103へ移動する。
メタノール及び酸素ガスが継続的に補給されると、上記(1)式及び(2)式の反応が継続して起こり、電子が回路104を流れ続けることになる。すなわち、燃料流体(CH3OH、H2など)と酸化性流体(O2など)を供給し続けることによって、図14に示した単位セルによって、酸素極103から燃料極101へ流れる電流、すなわち電力を得ることができる。
図1A及び1Bを参照して、以下に実施の形態に係る単位セル1の基本構成及び動作原理を説明する。なお、1例として、半導体材料が多孔質のシリコン、燃料流体がメタノール、酸化性流体が酸素ガスの場合を説明する。
PC=2δ/r・cosθ≒2δ/r (3)
ここで、PC:毛管圧(単位:N/m2)、r:空孔の半径(単位:m)、δ:電解質溶液の表面張力(単位:N/m)、θ:濡れ角(単位:°)である。したがって、中間層12の空孔の半径は、空孔内に保持される電解質溶液の表面張力δ、半導体材料に対する電解質溶液の濡れ角θに応じて設定されることが好ましい。
Claims (16)
- p型半導体で構成された燃料極と、n型半導体で構成された酸素極と、前記燃料極と前記酸素極との間に介在し、真性半導体で構成された中間層とを備えたPIN構造を有する燃料電池単位セルであって、
前記燃料極が多孔質で燃料流体透過性であり、多孔質部の空孔内面に金属系触媒層が形成され、
前記酸素極が多孔質で酸化性流体透過性であり、多孔質部の空孔内面に金属系触媒層が形成され、
前記中間層が、多孔質で電解質溶液を保持可能であり、前記燃料極で生成した水素イオンを透過させ、電子を通さない性質を有し、
前記燃料極の表面に水素を含む燃料流体が供給され、前記酸素極の表面に酸素を含む酸化性流体が供給されるように構成され、
前記燃料極と前記酸素極のそれぞれに電気的に接続された接続端子を備えている燃料電池単位セル。 - p型半導体で構成された燃料極と、n型半導体で構成された酸素極と、前記燃料極と前記酸素極との間に介在する中間層とを備えたp−n構造を有する燃料電池単位セルであって、
前記燃料極が多孔質で燃料流体透過性であり、多孔質部の空孔内面に金属系触媒層が形成され、
前記酸素極が多孔質で酸化性流体透過性であり、多孔質部の空孔内面に金属系触媒層が形成され、
前記中間層が、前記燃料極及び前記酸素極のうちの少なくとも一方側に形成され、多孔質で電解質溶液を保持可能であり、前記燃料極で生成した水素イオンを透過させ、電子を通さない性質を有し、
前記燃料極と前記酸素極とが前記中間層が形成された面で接合されており、
前記燃料極の表面に水素を含む燃料流体が供給され、前記酸素極の表面に酸素を含む酸化性流体が供給されるように構成され、
前記燃料極と前記酸素極のそれぞれに電気的に接続された接続端子を備えている燃料電池単位セル。 - 燃料流体供給面側がp型半導体層、他方の面がn型半導体層で構成されたpn接合領域を有する燃料極と、酸化性流体供給面側がn型半導体層、他方の面がp型半導体層で構成されたpn接合領域を有する酸素極と、前記燃料極の前記n型半導体層と前記酸素極のp型半導体層との間に介在する中間層としての電解質層とを備えたpn−pn構造を有する燃料電池単位セルであって、
前記燃料極は多孔質であり、前記燃料極における前記p型半導体層は前記n型半導体層に比べて厚さが厚く燃料流体透過性であり、多孔質部の空孔内面に金属系触媒層が形成され、前記n型半導体層は燃料流体非透過性であり、
前記酸素極は多孔質であり、前記酸素極における前記n型半導体層は前記p型半導体層に比べて厚さが厚く酸化性流体透過性であり、多孔質部の空孔内面に金属系触媒層が形成され、
前記中間層が、電解質溶液を含み、前記燃料極で生成した水素イオンを透過させる性質を有し、
前記燃料極の表面に水素を含む燃料流体が供給され、前記酸素極の表面に酸素を含む酸化性流体が供給されるように構成され、
前記燃料極と前記酸素極のそれぞれに電気的に接続された接続端子を備えている燃料電池単位セル。 - 前記燃料極及び前記酸素極のうちの少なくとも一方が光透過性である請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記中間層の前記電解質に、光が照射されるように構成されている請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記燃料極及び前記酸素極のうちの少なくとも一方における前記空孔の内面と前記触媒層との間に、金属系導電性層を備えている請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記燃料流体が、メタノール又は水素ガスである請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記燃料極における燃料流体透過性を有する多孔質部の空孔の径及び前記酸素極における酸化性流体透過性を有する多孔質部の空孔の径が1μm以上、1mm未満であり、前記中間層の多孔質部の空孔の径が1nm以上、1μm未満である請求の範囲1又は2に記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記燃料極におけるp型半導体層部の空孔の径及び前記酸素極におけるn型半導体層部の空孔の径が1μm以上、1mm未満であり、前記燃料極におけるn型半導体層部の空孔の径及び前記酸素極におけるp型半導体層部の空孔の径が1nm以上、1μm未満である請求の範囲3に記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記燃料極及び前記酸素極を構成する半導体材料が、シリコン、ゲルマニウム及び酸化チタンを含む酸化物半導体のうちのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記金属系触媒層を構成する金属系触媒が、白金、イリジウム、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム及びこれらの少なくとも2つを含む合金のうちの1つ、又はチタン酸化物であることを特徴とする請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 前記電解質溶液が酸性であることを特徴とする請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池単位セル。
- 請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載された複数の前記燃料電池単位セルが平面的に配列されるとともに、電気的に並列及び/又は直列に接続され、複数の前記燃料電池単位セルの発生電力が集電されて出力されるように構成されていることを特徴とする燃料電池単位セルアレイ。
- 請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載された複数の前記燃料電池単位セルが、前記燃料供給手段、前記酸化性流体供給手段及び光導入手段を介して積層されるとともに、電気的に直列に接続され、複数の前記燃料電池単位セルの発生電圧が加算されて出力されるように構成されていることを特徴とする燃料電池単位セルアレイ。
- 請求の範囲13に記載された燃料電池単位セルアレイと、燃料供給部と、酸化性流体供給部とを備えた燃料電池モジュールであって、
前記燃料供給部と前記酸化性流体供給部との間に前記燃料電池単位セルアレイが配置され、前記燃料供給部と前記酸化性流体供給部との間が、流体が透過しないように構成され、
前記燃料電池単位セルアレイの燃料極が前記燃料供給部に面し、前記燃料電池単位セルアレイの酸素極が前記酸化性流体供給部に面し、
前記燃料供給部が、燃料導入部及び流体排出部を備え、前記酸化性流体供給部が、酸化性流体導入部及び流体・水排出部を備え、
前記燃料供給部を囲む壁部のうち前記燃料極に対面する壁部及び/又は前記酸化性流体供給部を囲む壁部のうち前記酸素極に対面する壁部が、光透過性材料で構成され、
前記燃料電池単位セルアレイで発生し集電された電力を出力する出力手段を備えていることを特徴とする燃料電池モジュール。 - 請求の範囲15に記載された複数の前記燃料電池モジュールが一体的に組み合わされ、それぞれの前記燃料電池モジュールの前記出力手段からの出力が集電されるように接続され、集電された電力を出力する燃料電池出力部を備え、該燃料電池出力部に電気的に接続されたDC−DCコンバータを備えていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
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CN105514458A (zh) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-20 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | 一种燃料生伏特电池 |
CN105576252B (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-02-27 | 吉林大学 | 基于半导体结效应的固体氧化物燃料电池及其制备方法 |
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US5599638A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1997-02-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Aqueous liquid feed organic fuel cell using solid polymer electrolyte membrane |
US5919583A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1999-07-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Membranes containing inorganic fillers and membrane and electrode assemblies and electrochemical cells employing same |
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US6641948B1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2003-11-04 | Neah Power Systems Inc | Fuel cells having silicon substrates and/or sol-gel derived support structures |
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