JP4198009B2 - 固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4198009B2 JP4198009B2 JP2003288854A JP2003288854A JP4198009B2 JP 4198009 B2 JP4198009 B2 JP 4198009B2 JP 2003288854 A JP2003288854 A JP 2003288854A JP 2003288854 A JP2003288854 A JP 2003288854A JP 4198009 B2 JP4198009 B2 JP 4198009B2
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- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
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- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
- C08J5/2281—Heterogeneous membranes fluorine containing heterogeneous membranes
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1051—Non-ion-conducting additives, e.g. stabilisers, SiO2 or ZrO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2383/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2383/02—Polysilicates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
(1)動作温度が最高で約100〜120℃程度であって比較的低く、常温で動作させることもできる。
(2)電解質膜を薄くすることによって燃料電池の内部抵抗を著しく低減できるため、高電流密度で運転できる。従って電池をコンパクトにすることができる。
(3)本質的に高分子電解質膜がガスを通さないため、陰極と陽極とで操作圧力を任意に設定でき、差圧運転が容易である。
また平均孔径はコールターエレクトロニクス社のコールターポロメーターを用いて測定することができる。
イオン交換樹脂溶液[溶媒:1−プロパノールと水の混合溶媒、樹脂:パーフルオロスルホン酸(Dupont社製「Nafion」)、濃度15質量%]に、シリカ(固形分)/イオン交換樹脂(固形分)=10質量%となるように下記表1に示すコロイダルシリカを添加し、十分に攪拌・分散させた。
固体高分子電解質膜を7枚重ねて厚さ約200μmとした後、この積層固体高分子電解質膜をセイコーインスツルメンツ(株)製の熱機械分析(TMA)装置にセットした。積層固体高分子電解質膜に圧縮プローブを当て、定荷重(10N/cm2)を与えながら、ドライ雰囲気中、室温から80℃まで速度50/分で昇温し、2時間保持した。保持後の寸法変化率を下記式に基づいて算出した。
[セル電気抵抗]
固体高分子電解質膜の両側にガス拡散電極[ジャパンゴアテックス(株)製「PRIMEA 5510」]を接合して膜・電極接合体(MEA)を作製した。このMEAを用いて常法に従い燃料電池用セルを組み立て、このセルの一方の面に加湿した水素(露点60℃)を供給し、他方の面に加湿した空気(露点60℃)を供給し、ガス利用率(水素:80%、酸素:40%)、セル温度85℃の条件で運転した。負荷装置の抵抗量を変えることによって電流を変化させ、そのときのセル電気抵抗をカレントインタラプト法によって測定した。
前記と同様にして燃料電池用セルを組み立て、このセルの一方の面に加湿した水素(露点83℃)を供給し、他方の面に空気(露点83℃)を供給し、ガス利用率(水素:83%、酸素:50%)、セル温度90℃、運転電流密度0.8A/cm2、両極の供給ガスの加圧0.1MPaの条件で運転が不可能となるまで運転を継続し、カソードにクロスオーバーしたH2の反応による電流密度の変化を測定した。この電流密度の増加は、水素ガスの陰極側への透過量が多くなることを示す。
表1〜2及び図1から明らかなように、一次粒径の大きな大粒径球状シリカを用いると、電気抵抗が高くなってしまう。これに対して一次粒径が小さい小粒径シリカや数珠状シリカを用いると、電気抵抗を低く抑えることができる。なお数珠状シリカは、動的光散乱法によれば粒径は大粒径シリカと等しくなるが、電気抵抗が小粒径シリカと同等に低く抑えられている。このことから、電気抵抗は数珠状シリカの1次粒径によって決定され、その程度は同等の一次粒径を示す小粒径シリカと同等であることが判る。
表1〜2及び図2から明らかなように、1次粒径の小さな小粒径球状シリカを用いると、機械的強度(耐薄膜化特性及び水素ガス透過に対する耐久性)が低くなる。これに対して1次粒径が大きい大粒径シリカや、数珠状シリカを用いると、機械的強度が高くなる。なお数珠状シリカは、一次粒径で比べれば粒径は小粒径シリカと等しくなるが、機械的強度は大粒径シリカと同等に優れている。このことから機械的強度は、数珠状シリカの動的光散乱法による粒径によって決定され、その程度は該動的光散乱法による粒径と等しい一次粒径を示す大粒径シリカと同等であることが判る。
Claims (9)
- 少なくともイオン交換樹脂で構成されている固体高分子電解質膜であって、該固体高分子電解質膜には、シリカ粒子が複数個連結し、下記(1)〜(3)の特性を有する数珠状シリカが分散していることを特徴とする固体高分子電解質膜。
(1)コロイダルシリカとしたとき、BET法による1次粒径D 2 が6〜50nmである
(2)コロイダルシリカとしたとき、動的光散乱法による粒径D 1 が60〜500nmである
(3)コロイダルシリカとしたとき、電子顕微鏡で観察すると一様な太さで伸長しており、D 1 /D 2 で表される伸長度が5〜30である - 前記イオン交換樹脂と前記数珠状シリカの比(数珠状シリカ/イオン交換樹脂)が、1〜50質量%である請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記数珠状シリカは、コロイダルシリカとしたとき、BET法による1次粒径が40nm以下、動的光散乱法による粒径が70nm以上となるものである請求項1又は2に記載の固体高分子電解質膜。
- 固体高分子電解質膜が、空孔を有する樹脂シート及び繊維状物質から選択される補強材を含むものである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の固体高分子電解質膜。
- 前記補強材が、空孔を有する樹脂シートであり、この樹脂シートの空孔に前記イオン交換樹脂及び前記数珠状シリカが含有されている請求項4に記載の固体高分子電解質膜。
- 前記空孔を有する樹脂シートは、多孔質ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂シートである請求項5に記載の固体高分子電解質膜。
- 表面にさらにイオン交換樹脂層が形成されている請求項5又は6に記載の固体高分子電解質膜。
- 固体高分子電解質膜の厚さが60μm以下である請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の固体高分子電解質膜。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の固体高分子電解質膜を備えた燃料電池。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003288854A JP4198009B2 (ja) | 2003-08-07 | 2003-08-07 | 固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池 |
US10/910,473 US20050031929A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-08-03 | Solid polymer electrolyte membrane and fuel cell |
DE602004021160T DE602004021160D1 (de) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-08-06 | Festpolymerelektrolytmenbran und Brennstofzelle |
AT04254731T ATE431971T1 (de) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-08-06 | Festpolymerelektrolytmenbran und brennstofzelle |
EP04254731A EP1513212B1 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-08-06 | Solid polymer electrolyte membrane and fuel cell |
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JP2003288854A JP4198009B2 (ja) | 2003-08-07 | 2003-08-07 | 固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池 |
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JP2005056787A JP2005056787A (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
JP4198009B2 true JP4198009B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
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JP2003288854A Expired - Fee Related JP4198009B2 (ja) | 2003-08-07 | 2003-08-07 | 固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050031929A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1513212B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4198009B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE431971T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004021160D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100684787B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-02-20 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 고분자 전해질막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를포함하는 연료전지용 스택 및 연료전지 시스템 |
JP4682358B2 (ja) | 2005-04-05 | 2011-05-11 | 独立行政法人 日本原子力研究開発機構 | 機能性無機/グラフト高分子ハイブリッドイオン交換膜の製造方法および燃料電池用電解質膜 |
KR101223559B1 (ko) | 2005-06-24 | 2013-01-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 고분자 전해질 막의 제조 방법 |
JP5011567B2 (ja) | 2005-11-17 | 2012-08-29 | 独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | ナノ無機粒子複合橋架け高分子電解質膜及びその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた膜・電極接合体 |
JP2009521791A (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-06-04 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 無機充填剤を含有する化学安定化イオノマー |
JP4997625B2 (ja) | 2006-03-24 | 2012-08-08 | 独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | 燃料電池用高分子電解質膜の製造方法、その電解質膜、およびその膜を使用した燃料電池用膜電極接合体 |
US20070295021A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-12-27 | Albonia Innovative Technologies Ltd. | Apparatus and Method For Generating Water From an Air Stream |
JP2008004500A (ja) * | 2006-06-26 | 2008-01-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池電解質膜用の多孔質膜とその製造方法 |
JP5564755B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-26 | 2014-08-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電解質膜およびこれを用いた膜電極接合体 |
US20120094184A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2012-04-19 | Hiroshi Abe | Separator for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device including same |
JP5552785B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2014-07-16 | Jsr株式会社 | 固体高分子電解質膜およびその製造方法、液状組成物 |
CN102453262B (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-07-24 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 钒电池用电解质隔膜及其制备方法 |
JP2013045502A (ja) * | 2011-08-22 | 2013-03-04 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合化高分子電解質膜 |
JP2016004658A (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-01-12 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | 電解質膜、膜電極接合体、燃料電池、および電解質膜の製造方法 |
KR101926784B1 (ko) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-12-07 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 이온 교환막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치 |
JP7504542B2 (ja) | 2020-11-12 | 2024-06-24 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 多孔質酸化物半導体粒子 |
WO2023002998A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-26 | Agc株式会社 | 複合シート及び複合シートの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1022099C (zh) * | 1988-03-16 | 1993-09-15 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 细长形状硅水溶胶制造方法 |
US5221497A (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1993-06-22 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Elongated-shaped silica sol and method for preparing the same |
US5523181A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1996-06-04 | Masahiro Watanabe | Polymer solid-electrolyte composition and electrochemical cell using the composition |
JP3517913B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-15 | 2004-04-12 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 細長い形状のシリカゾルの製造法 |
JPH1092444A (ja) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-04-10 | Japan Gore Tex Inc | 電気化学反応装置用固体高分子電解質複合体及びそれを用いた電気化学反応装置 |
GB9822569D0 (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 1998-12-09 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Substrate |
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2003
- 2003-08-07 JP JP2003288854A patent/JP4198009B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-03 US US10/910,473 patent/US20050031929A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-06 EP EP04254731A patent/EP1513212B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-06 AT AT04254731T patent/ATE431971T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-06 DE DE602004021160T patent/DE602004021160D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE602004021160D1 (de) | 2009-07-02 |
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