JP4183886B2 - Antihypertensive food containing raw material derived from wheat - Google Patents

Antihypertensive food containing raw material derived from wheat Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4183886B2
JP4183886B2 JP2000133999A JP2000133999A JP4183886B2 JP 4183886 B2 JP4183886 B2 JP 4183886B2 JP 2000133999 A JP2000133999 A JP 2000133999A JP 2000133999 A JP2000133999 A JP 2000133999A JP 4183886 B2 JP4183886 B2 JP 4183886B2
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wheat
gaba
leaf
leaves
young
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JP2001309766A (en
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慎二 津崎
欣也 高垣
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Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd
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Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、γ−アミノ酪酸、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維などを高濃度で含有する麦若葉由来の素材を含む新規食品素材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
麦若葉は、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維に富み、抗高血圧効果、有害物質の吸着、腸内環境の改善、コレステロールの吸収抑制、食後血糖値の急上昇防止、スーパーオキサイドディスムターゼ(SOD)を活性化するなどの効果を有する健康食品として注目を浴びている。現在、麦若葉は食品素材として用いられる場合、主に麦若葉末(特許第2544302号公報)としてか、麦若葉搾汁粉末として用いられている。
【0003】
ところで、抗高血圧効果を示す食品成分としては、γ−アミノ酪酸(γ−aminobutyric acid、以下GABAという)がある。GABAは、生体内でグルタミン酸の脱炭酸によって生成されるアミノ酸の一種である。GABAは、哺乳動物の脳や脊髄に存在し、抑制系の神経伝達物質として作用することが知られている。植物中にもGABAは存在し、胚芽米、緑茶などが比較的多量のGABAを含有する。GABAは、脳の血流を改善し、酸素供給量を増加させ、そして脳代謝を亢進させる働きをもつことから、脳卒中、頭部外傷後遺症、脳動脈後遺症による頭痛、耳鳴り、意欲低下などの治療に用いられている。
【0004】
GABAに注目した食品には、例えば、お茶の製造過程で、摘採した茶葉を嫌気条件に置き、茶葉中にGABAを多量に蓄積させたいわゆるギャバロン茶が知られている。特開平8−173111号公報には、コーヒー葉茶を無酸素状態で処理後110℃以上の高温で熱処理、乾燥処理する方法でGABA濃度の高いコーヒー葉茶を得たことが記載されている。さらに、特開平9−205989号公報には、茶葉に赤外線を照射してGABAの含量を向上させることが記載されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
麦若葉由来の素材と、利尿作用を有する素材とを組み合わせた抗高血圧効果に優れる食品を提供する。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、麦若葉由来の素材を用いた食品による抗高血圧効果について、鋭意検討したところ、天然の麦若葉がGABAを含有しており、麦若葉由来の素材と利尿作用を有する素材との組み合わせにより、抗高血圧効果が相乗的に増強されること、そして麦若葉中のGABAを保持または富化するように調製された麦若葉由来の素材を用いることにより、抗高血圧効果がさらに増強されることを見出して本発明の完成に至った。
【0007】
本発明は、麦若葉由来の素材と利尿作用を有する素材を含む抗高血圧組成物に関する。。
【0008】
好ましくは、上記麦若葉由来の素材は、GABA富化処理されている。
【0009】
好ましくは、上記利尿作用を有する素材は、柿の葉、クコ、明日葉、桑の葉、ドクダミ、ヨモギ、緑茶、ウーロン茶、ハブ、オオバコ、ハトムギ、グリーンアスパラからなる群から選択される。
【0010】
本発明はまた、上記の組成物を含む食品に関する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において麦若葉由来の素材とは、麦若葉末、麦若葉の細片化物およびその乾燥粉末、麦若葉搾汁およびその乾燥粉末、麦若葉のエキスおよびその乾燥粉末などをいう。
【0012】
本発明の麦若葉由来の素材の原料としては、例えば、大麦、小麦、ライ麦、えん麦などの若葉(茎を含んでも良い)が用いられる。これらの麦若葉は、収穫後、時間が経つに従って、麦若葉の緑色が褪色するので、なるべく迅速に処理される。好ましくは、分株開始期ないし出穂開始前期(背丈が20〜40cm程度)に収穫した若葉を用いるのが最適であり、より好ましくは、大麦の若葉が用いられる。
【0013】
麦若葉は、収穫後、水等で洗浄し、水気を切って、そのまま処理するか、あるいは適切な長さ(例えば10cm)に切断し、処理して用いられる。
【0014】
麦若葉を細片化しても良い。細片化は、当業者が通常使用するスライス、細断などの植物体を細片化する方法により行われ得る。細片化には、スラリー化も含まれる。スラリー化は、ミキサー、ジューサー、ブレンダーなどにより行われ、麦若葉は、どろどろした粥状(液体と固体の懸濁液)になる。細片化の後に搾汁して得られる麦若葉搾汁もまた用いられ得る。搾汁は、細片化された麦若葉を遠心および/またはろ過することにより行われ得る。
【0015】
本発明の好ましい実施態様において、麦若葉および上記のようにして加工された麦若葉は、その中に含まれるGABAが増加するように処理される。
【0016】
麦若葉をGABA富化処理する方法には、例えば、嫌気処理または保温処理を包含する方法が挙げられる。GABA富化処理は、上記洗浄の前に行っても良い。
【0017】
本明細書で用いる用語「嫌気処理」とは、嫌気状態におくことをいい、ほとんど酸素を含まないか無酸素の気体で処理することを意味する。真空状態も含む。気体としては、二酸化炭素ガス、窒素ガスが好ましく用いられる。
【0018】
保温処理の方法は問わない。温水処理、赤外線照射処理、インキュベーター処理等が挙げられる。
嫌気処理および/または保温処理の時間は、通常10分から24時間行われ得る。好ましくは、1時間から24時間、より好ましくは1〜12時間行われる。嫌気処理または保温処理の温度は、約20〜50℃が好ましく、約30〜45℃がより好ましく、40℃前後が最も好ましい。20℃に満たないか50℃を超えるとGABAの含量が上がりにくい。
【0019】
このようにして得られた麦若葉は、処理していない麦若葉に比べてGABAの含量が高く、通常2倍以上、好ましくは3倍以上、より好ましくは5倍以上、高められている。
【0020】
麦若葉を食品素材として用いる場合には、食品の変質(褪色などの変色を含む)を防ぐための処理(ブランチング処理)が行われる。ブランチング処理は、処理される形態に応じて種々の方法が用いられるが、これには例えば、熱水処理、蒸煮処理、マイクロウェーブ処理などが挙げられる。この処理により、麦若葉由来の素材は、褪色、風味の変化を生じなくなる。しかし、従来の熱水処理ではGABAが失われてしまうため、マイクロウェーブ処理のようなGABAが保持される処理が好ましい。
【0021】
熱水処理は、特許第2544302号公報に記載の方法により行われ得る。すなわち、麦若葉を塩および重曹を含有する熱水中に浸して行われる。
【0022】
マイクロウェーブ処理は、麦若葉の褪色に関与する酵素が失活し、かつ加熱により麦若葉の緑色が失われない範囲で行なえばよい。そのような範囲は、マイクロウェーブ照射装置の出力、マイクロウェーブの波長、照射時間などにより適宜調節できる。マイクロウェーブ処理することにより、麦若葉中のビタミン類、ミネラル類などの分解、溶出が防止され、比較的低温の乾燥により、乾燥粉末が得られ得る。
【0023】
1つの実施態様において、麦若葉の細片化物、搾汁、エキスは常圧、または加圧下もしくは減圧下、80〜150℃にて2〜180秒間処理される。
【0024】
このようにして得られた麦若葉の加工品は、そのままか、またはさらに細片化、搾汁、抽出して食品素材としても良いし、あるいはさらに乾燥粉末化して食品素材としても良い。
【0025】
乾燥粉末化は、水分量が10%以下、好ましくは5%以下となるように行われ、必要に応じてさらに粉砕して得ることができる。
【0026】
乾燥の方法は熱風乾燥、高圧蒸気乾燥、電磁波乾燥、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥など、あらゆる乾燥法を用いることができる。乾燥は、できるだけ低温で行うのが良く、加熱して乾燥する場合でも、例えば50〜80℃、好ましくは55〜65℃で行うのが良い。デキストリン、シクロデキストリン、デンプン、マルトース等の賦形剤等を添加した後、噴霧乾燥または凍結乾燥することもできる。
【0027】
粉砕は既知の方法に従い、例えば、クラッシャー、ミル、ブレンダー、石臼などを用いて行うことができる。
【0028】
上記のようにして得られた麦若葉由来の食品素材は、さらに、必要に応じて、例えば、マイクロウェーブ処理、加熱処理などの当業者に公知の任意の技術により殺菌され得る。
【0029】
麦若葉末は、麦若葉に細片化、抽出処理をすることなく乾燥粉末化したものである。
【0030】
麦若葉搾汁は、麦若葉由来の素材を調製する任意の段階で搾汁したものであり、これを乾燥粉末化したものが麦若葉搾汁粉末である。
【0031】
本発明の麦若葉由来の素材には、麦若葉のエキスも用いられ得る。麦若葉のエキスは、GABA富化処理以後の任意の段階において、麦若葉に水、エタノール溶液などの当業者が通常用いる抽出溶媒を加え、必要に応じて加温して抽出したものであり、これを濃縮したもの含む。麦若葉エキス末は、麦若葉エキスを乾燥粉末化したものである。
【0032】
本明細書においてGABAを保持するように調製された麦若葉由来の素材は、GABAが失われないように加工された麦若葉由来の素材のことをいう。
【0033】
本明細書においてGABA富化処理された麦若葉由来の素材は、GABA富化処理され、この際に増加したGABAを保持するように加工された麦若葉由来の食品素材のことをいう。
【0034】
麦若葉末に含まれるGABAの量は、その調製方法によって異なり、従来法(特許第2544302号)により調製された麦若葉末に含まれるGABAの量は、多くとも約10mg/100gである。これに対して、本発明におけるGABAを保持されるように調製された麦若葉末は、少なくとも20mg/100g以上のGABAを含み、従来法によるものと比較して、通常10倍以上、好ましくは20倍以上、より好ましくは50倍以上、すなわち通常100mg/100g以上、好ましくは200mg/100g以上、より好ましくは500mg/100g以上のGABAを含む。
【0035】
本発明におけるGABA富化処理された麦若葉末は、少なくとも50mg/100g以上のGABAを含み、GABAが保持されるように調製された麦若葉末よりもGABAを多く含み、通常2倍以上、好ましくは5倍以上、より好ましくは10倍以上、すなわち通常200mg/100g以上、好ましくは1000mg/100g以上、より好ましくは2000mg/100g以上のGABAを含む。
【0036】
上記のようにして得られた麦若葉搾汁粉末に含まれるGABAの量は、その調製方法によって異なり、従来法に準じて得られた麦若葉搾汁粉末に含まれるGABAの含量は、多くとも約50mg/100gである。
【0037】
本発明におけるGABAを保持するように調製された麦若葉搾汁粉末は、少なくとも100mg/100g以上のGABAを含み、従来法により調製されるものと比較して、通常5倍以上、好ましくは10倍以上、より好ましくは20倍以上、すなわち通常250mg/100g以上、好ましくは500mg/100g以上、より好ましくは1000mg/100g以上のGABAを含む。
本発明におけるGABA富化処理された麦若葉搾汁粉末は、少なくとも250mg/100g以上のGABAを含み、GABAが保持されるように調製された麦若葉搾汁粉末と比較して、通常2倍以上、好ましくは5倍以上、より好ましくは10倍以上、すなわち通常500mg/100g以上、好ましくは2500mg/100g以上、より好ましくは5000mg/100g以上のGABAを含む。なお、これらのGABA含量は、乾燥粉末化処理の影響をほとんど受けない。
【0038】
得られた麦若葉由来の素材は、そのまま飲食に供することができるが、賦形剤、増量剤、結合剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、着色料、香料、食品添加物、調味料等と混合し、用途に応じて粉末、顆粒、錠剤等の形態に成形することもでき、さらに、各種の飲食品に配合して飲食に供することができる。
【0039】
また、本発明の方法により製造される麦若葉由来の素材は、GABAを高濃度で含有するため、必要に応じて精製し、GABAの純品を得ることも可能である。
【0040】
得られた麦若葉由来の素材は、他の素材と組み合わせて、健康食品の原料とされる。特に、利尿作用を有する他の素材との組み合わせが効果的である。このような素材として、茶葉、種子、野菜などから選択される。好ましくは、柿の葉、クコ、明日葉、茶の葉、ドクダミ、ヨモギ、緑茶、ウーロン茶、ハブなどの茶葉;オオバコ、ハトムギなどの種子;グリーンアスパラなどの野菜が用いられる。
【0041】
用いる素材の形態は特に限定されず、生の葉、生の葉を天日干しして乾燥させたもの、焙煎したもの、発酵したものまたはそれらの抽出物いずれを使用しても良い。
【0042】
これらの食品素材を、麦若葉由来の素材と組み合わせて処方すれば、その天然に含有する成分と、麦若葉が含有するビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維、GABAなどの成分との相加効果および/または相乗効果により、従来にない食品素材を提供することができる。麦若葉由来の素材と組み合わせられる上記のような他の素材は一般に市販されており容易に入手可能である。
【0043】
麦若葉由来の素材と組み合わせられる食品素材は、上記の食品素材のなかから必要に応じて1種またはそれ以上から選択されて組み合わせて処方される。麦若葉由来の素材は、天然の麦若葉が含有するビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維などが、それらの機能を発揮するに十分な量で、選択された1種またはそれ以上の食品素材と混合される。本発明者らは、麦若葉由来の素材と、利尿作用を有する素材との組み合わせが、麦若葉由来の素材の抗高血圧作用を増強することを見出した。特定の理論に拘束されることは意図しないが、これは、利尿作用を有する素材が、腎臓機能を活性化したためであると考えられる。
【0044】
選択された1種またはそれ以上の食品素材は、当業者に公知の形態、通常粉末形態で、麦若葉由来の素材と混合される。ローヤルゼリー、ビタミン、プロテイン、カルシウム、キトサン、レシチンなどが配合され、さらに糖液や調味料を加えて味を整えることもできる。そしてこれらは、用途または好みに応じて、液状の食品として供することができる。あるいはハードカプセル、ソフトカプセルなどのカプセル剤、錠剤もしくは丸剤としてか、または粉末状、顆粒状、茶状、ティーバック状もしくは、飴状などの形状に成形され得る。これらは、その形状または好みに応じて、そのまま食されても良いし、あるいは水、お湯もしくは牛乳などに溶いて飲んでも良いし、または成分を浸出させてから飲んでも良い。麦若葉由来の素材と選択された食品素材の混合割合は、通常、1:9〜9:1(重量比)の範囲、好ましくは、1:4〜4:1(重量比)の範囲である。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明がこの実施例により制限されないことはいうまでもない。
【0046】
1.麦若葉由来の素材の調製
本発明に用いた麦若葉末、麦若葉搾汁粉末を以下のように調製し、それぞれに含まれるGABA含量を、アミノ酸自動分析装置を用いて以下の条件にて測定した。
【0047】

Figure 0004183886
【0048】
(大麦若葉の調製(従来法))
約30cmに成長した大麦の若葉を摘み取り、水洗して水きりを行い、長さ約10cmに切り揃えた。切り揃えた大麦若葉100gを、従来の麦若葉末の処理方法(特許第2544302号公報)に従って処理した。すなわち、大麦若葉100gを、食塩7.5g、重曹7.5gを含む1リットルの熱水(95℃)に投入し、3分間、熱水処理した。熱水処理した麦若葉を直ちに2〜7℃の冷水に移し、約5分間浸漬して冷却した。冷却後、約45秒間遠心して脱水し、水分含量が5%以下となるように乾燥機中60℃にて6時間乾燥した。これを石臼で粉砕して200メッシュを90%が通過する程度に粉砕して大麦若葉末を得た。得られた麦若葉末には、100gあたり約8mgのGABAが含まれていた。
【0049】
(大麦若葉搾汁粉末の調製(従来法))
従来法に従って大麦若葉搾汁粉末を調製した。従来法と同様にして、大麦若葉を切り揃え、食塩7.5g、重曹7.5gを含む1リットルの熱水で処理した後、直ちに2〜7℃の水に5分間浸漬し、冷却した。冷却後、約45秒間遠心して脱水した。次いでミキサーで粉砕して搾汁し、ろ過して繊維分を除いた搾汁を得た。この搾汁を凍結乾燥し、搾汁粉末を得た。得られた大麦若葉搾汁粉末には42mg/100gのGABAが含まれていた。
【0050】
(大麦若葉末の調製(試験例))
従来法と同様に切り揃えた大麦若葉を、ビニール袋に入れ、空気を抜いた後に窒素を充填した。これをインキュべーター内で40℃にて6時間静置して嫌気処理(GABA富化処理)した。次いで、GABA富化処理した麦若葉を用いてGABAを保持するように60秒間、マイクロウェーブ処理した後に冷却した。これを水分含量が5%以下となるように、乾燥機中、60℃にて6時間乾燥し、さらに石臼で200メッシュを90%が通過する程度に粉砕して大麦若葉末を得た。
【0051】
GABA富化処理を行わなかった大麦若葉についても同様に処理し、大麦若葉末を得た。得られた麦若葉末には、100gの麦若葉末あたり、GABA富化処理を行わなかったものには約250mg、GABA富化処理を行ったものには約1350mgのGABAが含まれていた。
【0052】
(大麦若葉搾汁粉末の調製(試験例))
麦若葉末の調製と同様に、GABA富化処理したか、またはしていない大麦若葉を、GABAが保持されるようにマイクロウェーブ処理した。次いで、ミキサーで粉砕し、さらに遠心、ろ過して繊維分を除いた搾汁を得た。この搾汁を凍結乾燥し、搾汁粉末を得た。得られた大麦若葉搾汁粉末には、100gあたり、GABA富化処理を行わなかったものには約600mg、GABA富化処理を行ったものには約3000mgのGABAが含まれていた。
【0053】
2.利尿作用を有する素材の調製
(茶葉類の抽出物の調製)
茶葉抽出物は以下のように調製した。柿の葉茶、明日葉茶、ドクダミ茶、ヨモギ茶、および緑茶葉(いずれも市販品)を、60℃で6時間乾燥させて、水分含量を5%以下にした。得られた乾燥茶葉100gを、500mlの蒸留水に入れ、100℃にて30分間加熱した。放冷後、濾過して茶葉を取り除き、濾液を凍結乾燥し、茶葉抽出物として飼料に配合した。
【0054】
(ハトムギ茶抽出物の調製)
また、ハトムギ茶については、市販のハトムギを、60℃で6時間乾燥させ、水分含量を5%以下にした後粉砕して、80℃で抽出を行った。粉末化したハトムギ100gを、500mlの蒸留水に入れ、80℃まで加熱して15分間抽出を行った。粉末を濾過により取り除き濾液をハトムギ茶抽出物として飼料に配合した。
【0055】
(アスパラガス粉末の調製)
グリーンアスパラガスを約3mmの大きさの断片に切断した。約200gのグリーンアスパラガス断片を、約1リットルの熱水で洗浄した。洗浄したグリーンアスパラガス断片を、遠心分離(1200回転、約45秒)により脱水した後、ミキサー((株)みやこ物産製)で粉砕して搾汁し、さらに濾過して繊維分を取り除いた。得られた搾汁を凍結乾燥し、グリーンアスパラガス粉末として飼料に配合した。
【0056】
3.高血圧自然発症ラット(SHR)を用いた抗高血圧試験
上記のように調製された麦若葉末または麦若葉搾汁粉末と上記のように調製された利尿作用を有する素材を、表1に示される配合組成(重量比)にて0.5%のメチルセルロールに溶液に懸濁したものをそれぞれ飼料1〜28とした。なお、表1に記載の数値の単位は重量%である。
【0057】
表2に示される飼料29〜40は、麦若葉末(従来法およびGABA富化)、麦若葉搾汁粉末(従来法およびGABA富化)、柿の葉抽出物、明日葉茶抽出物、ドクダミ茶抽出物、ヨモギ茶抽出物、緑茶抽出物、ハトムギ茶抽出物、グリーンアスパラ粉末をそれぞれ単独で含む比較例である。
【0058】
【表1】
Figure 0004183886
【0059】
【表2】
Figure 0004183886
【0060】
これらの飼料を各群6匹からなる9週齢の高血圧自然発症ラット(SHR)に胃ゾンデを用いて10ml/Kg体重で経口投与し、5時間後に血圧および尿量を測定した。各群の飼料投与開始時とその5時間後の血圧差および尿量の結果を表3に示す。なお、表3において、試験時血圧は、飼料投与開始時における各群6匹について測定した血圧の平均値、5時間後血圧は、飼料投与の5時間後における各群6匹について測定した血圧の平均値、そして各群の血圧差は試験開始時血圧の平均値と、飼料投与5時間後血圧の平均値との差である。また、5時間後の尿量は、飼料投与の5時間後における各群6匹について測定した尿量(排出された尿量をラット体重100gあたり排出される量に換算した)の平均値である。なお、尿量は、常法に従い代謝ケージを用いて測定した。
【0061】
【表3】
Figure 0004183886
【0062】
表3に示されるように、麦若葉末または麦若葉搾汁粉末と、利尿作用を有する素材とを含む本発明の食品素材を含む飼料1〜28を投与した群では、飼料投与の5時間後の平均値で、飼料投与開始時に比べ、8.5mmHg(飼料4)〜41.1mmHg(飼料28)の範囲で血圧を低下させたのに対し、麦若葉末、麦若葉搾汁粉末、柿の葉茶抽出物、明日茶葉抽出物、ドクダミ茶抽出物、ヨモギ茶抽出物、緑茶抽出物、ハトムギ茶抽出物、グリーンアスパラ抽出物を、それぞれ単独で含む飼料29〜39を投与した群では、3.0mmHg(飼料36)〜13.9mmHg(飼料32)の範囲で血圧を低下させた。
【0063】
GABA富化麦若葉搾汁を含む飼料32を投与した群では、平均で13.9mmHgの血圧が低下し、GABA富化された麦若葉搾汁の優れた抗高血圧作用が確認された。さらに、利尿作用を有する素材と組み合わされたGABA富化麦若葉搾汁を含む飼料を添加した群では(飼料22〜28)、34.2mmHg(飼料25)〜41.1mmHgの範囲で血圧を低下させ、GABA富化麦若葉搾汁を単独で含む飼料に比べ、増加した血圧低下作用を示した。また、飼料22〜28を与えた群のラットは、2.67ml/100g・5時間(飼料25)〜3.24ml/100g・5時間(飼料28)の尿を排出し、血圧低下とほぼ比例して尿量が増加した。
【0064】
麦若葉末(従来法)、麦若葉末(GABA富化)、麦若葉搾汁(従来法)についても同様に、利尿作用を有する素材と組み合わせて含む飼料を投与した群において、各素材を単独で含む飼料を投与した群と比べて血圧の低下が大きかった。また、血圧低下効果にほぼ比例して尿量が増加した。
【0065】
この結果は、麦若葉由来の素材と利尿作用を有する他の素材とを組み合わせて含む飼料が、それぞれの素材を単独で含むよりも抗高血圧効果に優れ、そしてこの効果は麦若葉由来の素材がGABAを保持するようにかまたは富化されるように調製することにより増強されることを示す。すなわち、本発明の麦若葉由来の素材と利尿作用を有する素材との組み合わせにより、相乗的な抗高血圧効果が得られたことを示す。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
γ−アミノ酪酸、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維などを高濃度で含有する新規食品素材が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel food material including a wheat leaf-derived material containing γ-aminobutyric acid, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and the like at high concentrations.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Wheat leaf is rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, has antihypertensive effect, adsorption of harmful substances, improvement of intestinal environment, suppression of cholesterol absorption, prevention of rapid increase in postprandial blood glucose level, active superoxide dismutase (SOD) It is attracting attention as a health food with effects such as At present, when wheat young leaves are used as a food material, they are mainly used as wheat wheat leaf powder (Japanese Patent No. 2544302) or wheat wheat leaf juice powder.
[0003]
By the way, as a food ingredient showing an antihypertensive effect, there is γ-aminobutyric acid (hereinafter referred to as GABA). GABA is a kind of amino acid generated by decarboxylation of glutamic acid in vivo. GABA exists in the brain and spinal cord of mammals and is known to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABA is also present in plants, and germinated rice, green tea, etc. contain a relatively large amount of GABA. GABA improves brain blood flow, increases oxygen supply, and enhances brain metabolism, thus treating stroke, sequelae of head injury, headache due to cerebral artery sequelae, tinnitus, decreased motivation, etc. It is used for.
[0004]
As a food product that pays attention to GABA, for example, so-called Gabaron tea in which a large amount of GABA is accumulated in tea leaves by placing the picked tea leaves in anaerobic conditions in the tea production process is known. JP-A-8-173111 describes that coffee leaf tea having a high GABA concentration was obtained by a method in which coffee leaf tea was treated in an oxygen-free state and then heat-treated and dried at a high temperature of 110 ° C. or higher. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-205989 describes that the tea leaves are irradiated with infrared rays to improve the GABA content.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Provided is a food that is excellent in antihypertensive effect by combining a raw material derived from wheat and a material having a diuretic action.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors diligently examined the antihypertensive effect of foods using a wheat-derived leaf-derived material, and the natural wheat-leaves contain GABA, and the wheat-leaves-derived material and the material having diuretic action In combination, the antihypertensive effect is synergistically enhanced and the antihypertensive effect is further enhanced by using a material derived from wheat young leaves prepared to retain or enrich GABA in wheat young leaves. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0007]
The present invention relates to an antihypertensive composition comprising a wheat-derived leaf-derived material and a material having a diuretic action. .
[0008]
Preferably, the wheat-derived leaf-derived material is GABA-enriched.
[0009]
Preferably, the material having a diuretic action is selected from the group consisting of bamboo leaf, wolfberry, tomorrow leaf, mulberry leaf, dokudami, mugwort, green tea, oolong tea, hub, plantain, pearl barley, and green asparagus.
[0010]
The present invention also relates to a food product comprising the above composition.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the wheat leaf-derived material refers to wheat powder, powdered wheat leaf and dried powder thereof, wheat leaf juice and dried powder, wheat leaf extract and dried powder, and the like.
[0012]
As a raw material of the raw material derived from the young wheat leaves of the present invention, for example, young leaves (including stems) such as barley, wheat, rye and oats are used. These wheat leaves are processed as quickly as possible since the green color of the wheat leaves fades with time after harvest. Preferably, it is optimal to use young leaves harvested at the beginning of the stock splitting or the early stage of heading (the height is about 20 to 40 cm), and more preferably barley young leaves are used.
[0013]
The young wheat leaves are washed with water after harvesting, drained and processed as they are, or cut into an appropriate length (for example, 10 cm) and processed.
[0014]
Wheat leaf may be fragmented. The fragmentation can be performed by a method of fragmenting a plant body such as slices and shreds that are commonly used by those skilled in the art. The fragmentation includes slurrying. Slurry is performed by a mixer, a juicer, a blender, etc., and the wheat young leaves turn into a thick cocoon (liquid and solid suspension). Wheat leaf juice obtained by squeezing after stripping can also be used. Squeezing can be performed by centrifuging and / or filtering the minced wheat leaves.
[0015]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wheat young leaves and the wheat young leaves processed as described above are treated such that GABA contained therein is increased.
[0016]
Examples of the method for enriching the young wheat leaves with GABA include methods including anaerobic treatment or heat retention treatment. The GABA enrichment treatment may be performed before the washing.
[0017]
The term “anaerobic treatment” used in the present specification means to be in an anaerobic state, and means treatment with an oxygen-free or oxygen-free gas. Includes vacuum conditions. As the gas, carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas are preferably used.
[0018]
There is no limitation on the method of heat treatment. Hot water treatment, infrared irradiation treatment, incubator treatment and the like can be mentioned.
The time for the anaerobic treatment and / or the heat treatment is usually 10 minutes to 24 hours. Preferably, it is performed for 1 to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 12 hours. The temperature of the anaerobic treatment or the heat retaining treatment is preferably about 20 to 50 ° C, more preferably about 30 to 45 ° C, and most preferably about 40 ° C. If the temperature is less than 20 ° C or exceeds 50 ° C, the GABA content is difficult to increase.
[0019]
The wheat young leaves thus obtained have a higher GABA content than the untreated wheat young leaves, and are usually 2 times or more, preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more.
[0020]
When wheat leaves are used as a food material, a process (branching process) for preventing the quality of the food (including discoloration such as amber color) is performed. Various methods are used for the blanching treatment depending on the form to be treated, and examples thereof include hot water treatment, steaming treatment, and microwave treatment. By this treatment, the wheat leaf-derived material does not change in amber color and flavor. However, since GABA is lost in the conventional hot water treatment, a treatment in which GABA is retained such as microwave treatment is preferable.
[0021]
The hot water treatment can be performed by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 2544302. That is, it is performed by immersing young wheat leaves in hot water containing salt and baking soda.
[0022]
The microwave treatment may be performed in such a range that the enzymes involved in the discoloration of the young wheat leaves are deactivated and the green color of the young wheat leaves is not lost by heating. Such a range can be appropriately adjusted by the output of the microwave irradiation apparatus, the wavelength of the microwave, the irradiation time, and the like. By performing microwave treatment, decomposition and elution of vitamins and minerals in young wheat leaves can be prevented, and a dry powder can be obtained by drying at a relatively low temperature.
[0023]
In one embodiment, the wheat barley leaf debris, juice, extract is treated at 80-150 ° C. for 2-180 seconds at normal pressure or under pressure or under reduced pressure.
[0024]
The processed product of young wheat leaves thus obtained may be used as it is, or may be further shredded, squeezed, extracted, and used as a food material, or may be further powdered into a food material.
[0025]
Dry pulverization is performed so that the water content is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, and can be obtained by further pulverization as necessary.
[0026]
As a drying method, any drying method such as hot air drying, high-pressure steam drying, electromagnetic wave drying, freeze drying, and spray drying can be used. Drying is preferably performed at as low a temperature as possible, and even when heated to dry, for example, 50 to 80 ° C, preferably 55 to 65 ° C. After adding an excipient such as dextrin, cyclodextrin, starch or maltose, it can be spray-dried or freeze-dried.
[0027]
The pulverization can be performed according to a known method, for example, using a crusher, a mill, a blender, a stone mortar or the like.
[0028]
The food material derived from the wheat barley obtained as described above can be further sterilized by any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as microwave treatment and heat treatment, as necessary.
[0029]
Wheat young leaf powder is obtained by pulverizing and pulverizing wheat young leaves without subjecting them to extraction and extraction.
[0030]
Wheat leaf squeezed is a product squeezed at an arbitrary stage for preparing a wheat leaf-derived material, and a powdered product of this powder is a wheat leaf squeezed powder.
[0031]
An extract of wheat young leaves can also be used as the material derived from the wheat young leaves of the present invention. Wheat leaf extract is an extract obtained by adding an extraction solvent usually used by those skilled in the art such as water and ethanol solution to wheat leaf at any stage after the GABA enrichment treatment, and heating and extracting as necessary. Including this concentrate. Wheat leaf extract powder is obtained by dry powdered wheat leaf extract.
[0032]
In the present specification, a wheat-derived leaf-derived material prepared to retain GABA refers to a wheat-derived leaf-derived material that has been processed so that GABA is not lost.
[0033]
In the present specification, the raw material derived from wheat young leaves subjected to GABA enrichment refers to a food material derived from young wheat leaves processed to retain GABA enriched at this time.
[0034]
The amount of GABA contained in the wheat young leaf powder varies depending on the preparation method, and the amount of GABA contained in the wheat wheat leaf powder prepared by the conventional method (Japanese Patent No. 2544302) is at most about 10 mg / 100 g. On the other hand, the wheat young leaf powder prepared so as to retain GABA in the present invention contains at least 20 mg / 100 g or more of GABA, and is usually 10 times or more, preferably 20 times as compared with the conventional method. Double or more, more preferably 50 times or more, that is, usually contains 100 mg / 100 g or more, preferably 200 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 500 mg / 100 g or more of GABA.
[0035]
The GABA-enriched wheat young leaf powder according to the present invention contains at least 50 mg / 100 g or more of GABA, contains more GABA than the wheat young leaf powder prepared so that GABA is retained, and is usually twice or more, preferably Contains 5 times or more, more preferably 10 times or more, that is, usually 200 mg / 100 g or more, preferably 1000 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 2000 mg / 100 g or more.
[0036]
The amount of GABA contained in the wheat young leaf juice powder obtained as described above varies depending on the preparation method, and the content of GABA contained in the wheat young leaf juice powder obtained according to the conventional method is at most About 50 mg / 100 g.
[0037]
Wheat leaf squeezed powder prepared to retain GABA in the present invention contains at least 100 mg / 100 g or more of GABA, and is usually 5 times or more, preferably 10 times compared to those prepared by conventional methods. More preferably, it contains 20 times or more, that is, usually 250 mg / 100 g or more, preferably 500 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 1000 mg / 100 g or more.
GABA-enriched wheat young leaf juice powder according to the present invention contains at least 250 mg / 100 g or more of GABA, and usually twice or more compared to wheat wheat leaf powder prepared so that GABA is retained. , Preferably 5 times or more, more preferably 10 times or more, that is, usually 500 mg / 100 g or more, preferably 2500 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 5000 mg / 100 g or more GABA. These GABA contents are hardly affected by the dry powdering treatment.
[0038]
The raw material derived from young wheat leaves can be used for food and drink as it is, but it is mixed with excipients, extenders, binders, thickeners, emulsifiers, colorants, fragrances, food additives, seasonings and the like. Depending on the application, it can be formed into a powder, granule, tablet or the like, and can be blended into various foods and drinks for food and drink.
[0039]
Moreover, since the raw material derived from the wheat young leaf manufactured by the method of this invention contains GABA in high concentration, it is also possible to refine | purify as needed and to obtain the pure product of GABA.
[0040]
The obtained raw material derived from wheat leaves is used as a raw material for health foods in combination with other materials. In particular, a combination with other materials having a diuretic action is effective. Such materials are selected from tea leaves, seeds, vegetables and the like. Preferably, tea leaves such as bamboo leaves, wolfberry, tomorrow leaves, tea leaves, dokudami, mugwort, green tea, oolong tea, and hubs; seeds such as plantain and pearl barley; vegetables such as green asparagus are used.
[0041]
The form of the raw material to be used is not particularly limited, and any of raw leaves, raw leaves dried by sun, roasted, fermented, or extracts thereof may be used.
[0042]
If these food materials are formulated in combination with a raw material derived from wheat young leaves, the additive effect of the ingredients contained naturally and the vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, GABA, etc. contained in the young wheat leaves and An unprecedented food material can be provided by a synergistic effect. Other materials such as those described above that are combined with a wheat leaf-derived material are generally commercially available and are readily available.
[0043]
A food material to be combined with a raw material derived from wheat leaves is selected from one or more of the above-mentioned food materials as necessary, and combined and prescribed. Wheat leaf-derived materials are mixed with one or more selected food ingredients in quantities sufficient to perform their functions, such as vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber contained in natural wheat leaves Is done. The present inventors have found that the combination of a wheat-derived leaf-derived material and a material having a diuretic action enhances the antihypertensive action of the wheat-young leaf-derived material. While not intending to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that this is because a material with diuretic activity has activated kidney function.
[0044]
The selected one or more food ingredients are mixed with wheat-derived ingredients in a form known to those skilled in the art, usually in powder form. Royal jelly, vitamins, protein, calcium, chitosan, lecithin, etc. are blended, and sugar solution and seasonings can be added to adjust the taste. And these can be provided as a liquid food according to use or preference. Alternatively, it may be formed as a capsule such as a hard capsule or a soft capsule, a tablet or a pill, or formed into a powder, granule, tea, tea bag or cup shape. These may be eaten as they are, or may be drunk in water, hot water, milk or the like depending on the shape or preference, or may be drunk after leaching the ingredients. The mixing ratio of the wheat leaf-derived material and the selected food material is usually in the range of 1: 9 to 9: 1 (weight ratio), preferably in the range of 1: 4 to 4: 1 (weight ratio). .
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0046]
1. Preparation of raw material derived from wheat young leaves Wheat young leaf powder and wheat young leaf juice powder used in the present invention were prepared as follows, and GABA content contained in each was measured under the following conditions using an amino acid automatic analyzer. did.
[0047]
Figure 0004183886
[0048]
(Preparation of young barley leaves (conventional method))
Young barley leaves grown to about 30 cm were picked, washed with water, drained, and cut to a length of about 10 cm. 100 g of barley young leaves that were cut and arranged were processed according to a conventional method for processing wheat young leaves (Japanese Patent No. 2544302). That is, 100 g of barley young leaves were put into 1 liter of hot water (95 ° C.) containing 7.5 g of sodium chloride and 7.5 g of sodium bicarbonate and subjected to hot water treatment for 3 minutes. The young wheat leaves that had been treated with hot water were immediately transferred to cold water at 2 to 7 ° C. and immersed for about 5 minutes to cool. After cooling, it was dehydrated by centrifugation for about 45 seconds and dried in a dryer at 60 ° C. for 6 hours so that the water content was 5% or less. This was pulverized with a stone mill and pulverized to the extent that 90% passed through 200 mesh to obtain a barley young leaf powder. The obtained wheat young leaf powder contained about 8 mg of GABA per 100 g.
[0049]
(Preparation of barley young leaf juice powder (conventional method))
Barley young leaf juice powder was prepared according to a conventional method. In the same manner as in the conventional method, barley young leaves were cut out and treated with 1 liter of hot water containing 7.5 g of sodium chloride and 7.5 g of sodium bicarbonate, and then immediately immersed in water at 2 to 7 ° C. for 5 minutes to cool. After cooling, it was dehydrated by centrifugation for about 45 seconds. Next, the mixture was pulverized and squeezed with a mixer, and filtered to obtain a squeezed juice from which fibers were removed. This juice was freeze-dried to obtain a juice powder. The obtained barley young leaf squeezed powder contained 42 mg / 100 g of GABA.
[0050]
(Preparation of young barley powder (test example))
The barley young leaves cut and arranged in the same manner as in the conventional method were placed in a plastic bag, the air was evacuated, and nitrogen was charged. This was left to stand at 40 ° C. for 6 hours in an incubator and subjected to anaerobic treatment (GABA enrichment treatment). Subsequently, it was cooled after microwave-treating for 60 seconds so that GABA was maintained using young wheat leaves enriched with GABA. This was dried at 60 ° C. for 6 hours in a dryer so that the water content was 5% or less, and further pulverized with a stone mortar to the extent that 90% passed through 200 mesh to obtain a barley young leaf powder.
[0051]
The barley young leaves not subjected to the GABA enrichment treatment were similarly treated to obtain barley young leaf powder. The obtained wheat young leaf powder contained about 250 mg of GABA-enriched treatment and about 1350 mg of GABA per 100 g of wheat young leaf powder that had not been subjected to GABA-enriched treatment.
[0052]
(Preparation of barley young leaf juice powder (test example))
Similar to the preparation of the wheat barley powder, the barley young leaves, with or without GABA enrichment, were microwaved to retain GABA. Next, the mixture was pulverized with a mixer, and further centrifuged and filtered to obtain a juice from which fibers were removed. This juice was freeze-dried to obtain a juice powder. In the obtained barley squeezed powder, about 600 mg was not contained in GABA-enriched treatment and about 3000 mg GABA was contained in GABA-enriched treatment per 100 g.
[0053]
2. Preparation of material with diuretic action (preparation of tea leaf extract)
The tea leaf extract was prepared as follows. Persimmon leaf tea, tomorrow leaf tea, dokudami tea, mugwort tea, and green tea leaf (all commercially available products) were dried at 60 ° C. for 6 hours to reduce the water content to 5% or less. 100 g of the obtained dried tea leaves were placed in 500 ml of distilled water and heated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling, the tea leaves were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was freeze-dried and blended into the feed as a tea leaf extract.
[0054]
(Preparation of pearl barley tea extract)
As for pearl barley tea, commercially available pearl barley was dried at 60 ° C. for 6 hours, pulverized after having a water content of 5% or less, and extracted at 80 ° C. 100 g of powdered pearl barley was placed in 500 ml of distilled water, heated to 80 ° C. and extracted for 15 minutes. The powder was removed by filtration and the filtrate was blended into the feed as pearl barley tea extract.
[0055]
(Preparation of asparagus powder)
Green asparagus was cut into pieces about 3 mm in size. About 200 g of green asparagus pieces were washed with about 1 liter of hot water. The washed green asparagus fragment was dehydrated by centrifugation (1200 rpm, about 45 seconds), pulverized and squeezed with a mixer (manufactured by Miyako Bussan Co., Ltd.), and further filtered to remove fibers. The obtained squeezed juice was freeze-dried and blended with feed as green asparagus powder.
[0056]
3. Antihypertensive test using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) Wheat young leaf powder or wheat young leaf juice powder prepared as described above and the ingredients having diuretic activity prepared as described above are shown in Table 1. Feeds 1-28 were suspended in a solution of 0.5% methylcellulose in composition (weight ratio). In addition, the unit of the numerical value described in Table 1 is% by weight.
[0057]
The feeds 29 to 40 shown in Table 2 are: wheat young leaf powder (conventional method and GABA enrichment), wheat young leaf juice powder (conventional method and GABA enrichment), bamboo leaf extract, tomorrow leaf tea extract, dokudami It is a comparative example containing tea extract, mugwort tea extract, green tea extract, pearl barley tea extract, and green asparagus powder, respectively.
[0058]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004183886
[0059]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004183886
[0060]
These diets were orally administered to 9-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) consisting of 6 animals in each group using a gastric sonde at 10 ml / Kg body weight, and blood pressure and urine volume were measured after 5 hours. Table 3 shows the results of blood pressure difference and urine volume at the start of feed administration and after 5 hours of each group. In Table 3, the blood pressure during the test is the average value of blood pressure measured for each group of 6 animals at the start of feed administration, and the blood pressure after 5 hours is the blood pressure measured for each group of 6 animals after 5 hours of feed administration. The average value and the blood pressure difference of each group is the difference between the average value of the blood pressure at the start of the test and the average value of the blood pressure 5 hours after administration of the feed. The urine volume after 5 hours is the average value of the urine volume measured for 6 animals in each group 5 hours after the feed administration (the amount of urine discharged was converted to the amount discharged per 100 g of rat body weight). . The urine volume was measured using a metabolic cage according to a conventional method.
[0061]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004183886
[0062]
As shown in Table 3, in the group administered with feed 1-28 containing the food material of the present invention containing wheat powder or wheat leaf juice powder and a material having diuretic action, 5 hours after feed administration Compared to the start of feed administration, the blood pressure was decreased in the range of 8.5 mmHg (Food 4) to 41.1 mmHg (Feed 28), while the wheat wheat leaf powder, wheat wheat leaf powder, In the group administered with feed 29-39 each containing leaf tea extract, tomorrow tea leaf extract, dokudami tea extract, mugwort tea extract, green tea extract, pearl barley tea extract, green asparagus extract alone, 3 The blood pressure was reduced in the range of 0.0 mmHg (feed 36) to 13.9 mmHg (feed 32).
[0063]
In the group to which the feed 32 containing GABA-enriched wheat young leaf juice was administered, the blood pressure of 13.9 mmHg decreased on average, and the excellent antihypertensive action of the GABA-enriched wheat young leaf juice was confirmed. Furthermore, in the group to which a feed containing GABA-enriched wheat young leaf juice combined with a diuretic material was added (Feed 22-28), the blood pressure was reduced in the range of 34.2 mmHg (Feed 25) to 41.1 mmHg. And increased blood pressure lowering effect compared to a feed containing GABA-enriched wheat young leaf juice alone. In addition, the rats in the group fed with feed 22-28 excreted urine from 2.67 ml / 100 g · 5 hours (feed 25) to 3.24 ml / 100 g · 5 hours (feed 28), almost proportional to lowering blood pressure. And urine volume increased.
[0064]
Similarly, in the group administered with feed containing barley young leaf powder (conventional method), wheat young leaf powder (GABA enrichment), and barley young leaf juice (conventional method) in combination with a material having diuretic action, each material alone The decrease in blood pressure was greater than that in the group administered with the diet containing. The urine volume increased almost in proportion to the blood pressure lowering effect.
[0065]
This result shows that feed containing a combination of wheat-derived leaves and other ingredients with diuretic action has a better antihypertensive effect than those containing each of the ingredients alone, and this effect is derived from the wheat-derived leaves. It is shown to be enhanced by preparing to retain or enrich for GABA. That is, it shows that a synergistic antihypertensive effect was obtained by the combination of the wheat leaf-derived material of the present invention and the material having diuretic action.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
Provided is a novel food material containing γ-aminobutyric acid, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and the like at high concentrations.

Claims (3)

麦若葉由来の素材と利尿作用を有する素材を含む、抗高血圧組成物であって、該利尿作用を有する素材が、柿の葉、ドクダミ、ヨモギ、緑茶、ハトムギ、グリーンアスパラからなる群から選択される、抗高血圧組成物。An antihypertensive composition comprising a material derived from wheat young leaves and a material having a diuretic action, wherein the material having the diuretic action is selected from the group consisting of bamboo leaves, dokudami, mugwort, green tea, pearl barley, and green asparagus Antihypertensive composition. 前記麦若葉由来の素材が、GABA富化処理されている、請求項1に記載の抗高血圧組成物。The antihypertensive composition according to claim 1, wherein the wheat-derived leaf-derived material is GABA-enriched. 請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む抗高血圧食品。The antihypertensive food containing the composition in any one of Claim 1 to 2.
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JP2005170830A (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-30 Asahi Soft Drinks Co Ltd Melanogenesis inhibiting composition
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