JP3778891B2 - Green leaf powder manufacturing method - Google Patents

Green leaf powder manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3778891B2
JP3778891B2 JP2002328469A JP2002328469A JP3778891B2 JP 3778891 B2 JP3778891 B2 JP 3778891B2 JP 2002328469 A JP2002328469 A JP 2002328469A JP 2002328469 A JP2002328469 A JP 2002328469A JP 3778891 B2 JP3778891 B2 JP 3778891B2
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Prior art keywords
green
powder
green leaf
leaves
fine powder
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JP2004159548A (en
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欣也 高垣
雄史 三井
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Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd
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Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd
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  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、緑葉の乾燥粉末(緑葉末)の製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、緑葉が有する効果を保持しつつ、高い食物繊維含量を有する緑葉末の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在市販されている緑葉末は、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維などを含み、有害物質の吸着、腸内環境の改善などの効果を有することが知られている。例えば、麦の若葉の乾燥粉末は、これらの効果に加え、コレステロールの吸収抑制、食後の血糖値の急上昇防止、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ(SOD)の活性化などの効果を有し、健康食品の素材として注目を浴びている。このような天然の緑葉が有する効果を有効に活用するためには、特に、食物繊維をより多く含有している緑葉末を用いることが重要である。
【0003】
現在、多くの緑葉末の製造方法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1〜4)。しかし、これらの緑葉末は、単に緑葉の変性、変色を防ぎながら粉砕、加工されているに過ぎず、素材の持つ成分が十分利用されていない。
【0004】
さらに、これらの緑葉の搾汁から食物繊維を回収したり、酵素分解などを用いて抽出する食物繊維の製造方法も提案されている(例えば、特許文献5および6)。しかし、これらは、単に食物繊維を抽出したにすぎず、緑葉を摂取した場合に得られる他の有用な栄養成分を欠く上、処理にコストと手間がかかるといった問題点がある。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特許第2544302号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭60−192566号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平9−271347号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2002−247948号公報
【特許文献5】
特許第2790169号公報
【特許文献6】
特許第2938471号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平5−276868号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、より簡便に緑葉が有する効果と同様の効果を発揮し、さらに高い食物繊維含量を有する緑葉末が望まれている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、緑葉のもつ有効成分を失うことなく、さらに優れた機能を有する緑葉末を鋭意検討したところ、乾燥緑葉を粉砕および分級することにより、緑葉が有する効果と同様の効果を発揮し、かつ高い食物繊維含量を有する緑葉末を製造できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
本発明は、以下の工程:
(1)乾燥緑葉を微粉砕して平均粒径が100μm以下の微粉末を得る工程;
(2)該微粉末を分級する工程;および
(3)該微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.3倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を回収する工程
を含む、緑葉末の製造方法に関する。
【0009】
好ましい実施態様においては、(1)および(2)の連続する工程が複数回繰り返して行なわれる。
【0010】
より好ましい実施態様においては、上記(3)の回収工程は、前記微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.5倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を回収する工程である。
【0011】
さらに好ましい実施態様においては、上記乾燥緑葉は、水分含量が25重量%以下となるまで60〜90℃の乾燥温度で乾燥した緑葉である。
【0012】
さらに好ましい実施態様においては、上記乾燥緑葉は、イネ科植物の乾燥緑葉である。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられる緑葉としては、例えば、大麦、小麦、ライ麦、燕麦、稲、稗、粟、キビなどのイネ科植物、キャベツ、ブロッコリー、ケールなどのアブラナ科植物、キク科の植物、シソ科の植物などの緑葉が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。好ましくは、イネ科植物の緑葉である。
【0014】
イネ科植物の緑葉は、成熟期前、すなわち分けつ開始期から出穂開始前期(背丈が20〜40cm程度)に収穫された若葉が好ましく、これらの中でも、栄養価の高い大麦の若葉がより好ましく用いられる。
【0015】
これらの緑葉は、収穫後、直ちに処理されることが好ましい。処理までに時間を要する場合、緑葉の変質を防ぐために低温貯蔵などの当業者が通常用いる貯蔵手段により貯蔵され得る。
【0016】
緑葉は、必要に応じて、水(好ましくは25℃以下の冷水)で洗浄し、泥などを洗い落とし、水気を切った後、適当な長さ(例えば、2cm〜10cm)に切断する。
【0017】
さらに、これらの緑葉は、色を保持する目的でブランチング処理を行ってもよい。ブランチング処理は、焼成カルシウムを添加したブランチング処理溶液に緑葉を浸漬し、適切な時間(例えば、数分間)加熱処理することによって行われ得る。このブランチング処理は、色の変質に関与している酵素を失活させることにより、緑葉の褪色化を防止し得る。
【0018】
焼成カルシウムとしては、天然物由来のものが好ましく、例えば、卵殻カルシウム、ウニ殻カルシウム、貝殻カルシウム、サンゴカルシウムなどが用いられる。好ましくは、卵殻カルシウムである。
【0019】
焼成カルシウムは、その主成分が酸化カルシウムであり、多量に使用すると強アルカリ性を示す。このような強アルカリ条件下での処理は、緑葉の鮮やかな緑色を保持できないのみならず、植物細胞組織が軟化して破壊され、風味が損なわれる(例えば、特許文献7)。したがって、ブランチング処理溶液は、pHが7.1〜8.5の範囲内で行うことが好ましい。
【0020】
ブランチング処理する緑葉の量は、1000Lのブランチング処理溶液に対して、30〜300kg、好ましくは25〜250kg、より好ましくは20〜200kgである。
【0021】
ブランチング処理の温度および時間は、処理する緑葉の量およびpHにより決定すればよい。上記緑葉量およびpHの範囲においては、処理温度は80〜100℃が好ましく、90〜100℃がより好ましく、92〜98℃がさらに好ましい。処理時間は、処理温度によって適宜設定すればよいが、60〜180秒間が好ましく、70〜160秒間がより好ましく、80〜150秒間がさらに好ましい。なお、pHが高いほど、処理時間は、短時間にすることが好ましい。
【0022】
ブランチング処理された緑葉は、直ちに冷却することが、緑色および風味を維持する点で好ましい。冷却は、冷却水中に浸漬する、冷風を当てて急冷するなど、当業者が通常用いる手段で行われ得る。例えば、冷却水中に浸漬する場合、30℃以下の水、好ましくは20℃以下の水を用いて行われ得る。冷水の温度が低いほど、緑葉の緑色が映え、外観が美しくなる。浸漬時間は、緑葉の処理量に応じた任意の時間である。
【0023】
次いで、緑葉を乾燥する。乾燥は、緑葉中の水分含量が25重量%以下、好ましくは10重量%以下、より好ましくは5重量%以下となるように行われる。
【0024】
乾燥に先立って、予め脱水などにより緑葉に付着した水等を除去することが好ましい。乾燥前に脱水することにより、乾燥時のむらや焦げつきをなくすことができる。脱水は、遠心分離などの脱水装置を用いて行われ得る。遠心分離による脱水の場合、緑葉がからまってしまう場合があるので、脱水後、緑葉をほぐしておくことが好ましい。
【0025】
乾燥方法は、例えば、熱風乾燥、高圧蒸気乾燥、電磁波乾燥、凍結乾燥などにより行われ得る。製造上のコストの面からは、熱風乾燥が最も好ましい。
【0026】
乾燥は、60℃〜90℃、好ましくは60℃〜80℃の温度で行われ得る。60℃未満では、乾燥速度が遅く、90℃を超えると、焦げなどが生じやすいので、好ましくない。特に、上記温度で乾燥した水分含量が25重量%以下の乾燥緑葉は、風味および栄養価が長時間維持され、結果として良好な緑葉末を得ることができる。
【0027】
乾燥は、さらに、温度差を設けた2段階の方法で行ってもよい。2段階で乾燥することにより、乾燥時間が短縮されると同時に、緑葉の緑色および風味が維持される。乾燥を2段階で行う場合は、乾燥緑葉中の水分含量を5重量%以下とすることが好ましい。さらに、一次乾燥温度と二次乾燥温度との温度差が約5〜15℃であることが好ましく、約10℃であることがより好ましい。このように温度差を一定範囲に設定することにより、乾燥処理工程の水分管理が容易になり、効率的に乾燥を行うことができる。
【0028】
したがって、2段階乾燥は、例えば以下のようにして行われ得る。まず、60〜80℃の乾燥温度で一次乾燥し、水分含量が5重量%より高く25重量%以下にする。次いで、一次乾燥よりも高くかつ90℃以下の乾燥温度で二次乾燥することによって、水分含量が5重量%以下の乾燥緑葉を得ることができる。
【0029】
得られた乾燥緑葉を微粉砕し、分級することによって、緑葉末が得られる。この乾燥緑葉の微粉砕を行う前に、予め0.1mm〜10mm程度に乾燥粉末を粗粉砕することが好ましい。粉砕は、例えば、クラッシャー、ミル、ブレンダー、石臼などの当業者が通常用いる機械または道具により行われ得る。
【0030】
微粉砕の前に、乾燥緑葉または粗粉砕した乾燥緑葉を必要に応じて殺菌し得る。殺菌方法は、例えば、高圧殺菌、加熱殺菌、加圧蒸気殺菌などの当業者が通常用いる方法により行われ得る。加圧蒸気殺菌が好ましい。
【0031】
微粉砕は、例えばハンマーミル、ボールミル、ローラーミルなどの乾式微粉砕機を用いて微粉砕することが好ましい。これらの装置を用いることによって、粒子の細かい微粉末が得られる。好ましくは、ハンマーミルである。
【0032】
微粉砕は、微粉末の平均粒径が100μm以下となるような条件で行う。好ましくは75μm以下である。微粉末の平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置、超遠心式自動粒度分布測定装置、電気抵抗式粒度分布測定装置など当業者が通常用いる方法によって測定し得る。好ましくは、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置である。
【0033】
次いで、乾燥緑葉の微粉末のかさ比重を測定する。かさ比重とは、微粉末の容積あたりの重量、すなわち見かけの比重をいい、微粉末を一定の内容積の容器に充填し、その重量を測定した後、得られた重量と容器の重量との差を容器の内容積で割った値を算出することによって得られる。これらの測定には、JIS K−6721などの規格に準拠した粉体のかさ比重測定器または粉・粉体特性測定機器が用いられ、例えば、筒井理化学機器株式会社製の粉・粉体測定機器が用いられる。上記微粉砕により得られる大麦の若葉の微粉末のかさ比重は0.2g/cm〜0.3g/cmであることが好ましい。
【0034】
分級は、乾式分級機または比重分級機を用いて行われ、かさ比重の小さい粉末を優先的に除去することによって、分級前に得られた微粉末のかさ比重を基準として所望のかさ比重の緑葉末を得る。分級条件は、除去する微粉末の重量または分級機の能力により適宜設定すればよい。例えば、大麦の若葉の微粉末を気流式分級機で分級する場合、微粉末の重量に対して、好ましくは5重量%、より好ましくは10重量%、さらに好ましくは15重量%が1回の分級によって除去できるように分級条件の設定がなされる。このような分級を繰り返すことによって、微粉末のかさ比重を高めることができ、緑葉末が得られる。分級機の能力が高い場合、分級前の微粉末の重量に対して、好ましくは50重量%、より好ましくは70重量%を一度に除去してもよい。
【0035】
分級によって得られた粉末のかさ比重が上記のかさ比重に到達しない場合は、次の分級を行う前に上記で回収した微粉末をさらに微粉砕してもよい。すなわち微粉砕および分級を繰り返し行なってもよい。所望のかさ比重に満たない微粉末は、かさ比重の大きい部位と小さい部位とが局在化し、全体として見かけのかさ比重が小さくなっている場合があり得る。このような微粉末をさらに粉砕し、上記と同様の分級条件でかさ比重の小さい微粉末を除くことによって、かさ比重の大きい緑葉末を回収し得る。
【0036】
本発明の方法においては、もとの乾燥緑葉の微粉末のかさ比重に対して1.3倍以上のかさ比重の緑葉末を採取する。かさ比重は、好ましくは1.5倍以上であり、より好ましくは2倍以上である。かさ比重が増大するにしたがって、得られる緑葉末は、より高い食物繊維含量を有する。
【0037】
得られた緑葉末は、必要に応じて殺菌し得る。殺菌方法は、例えば、高圧殺菌、加熱殺菌、加圧蒸気殺菌などの当業者が通常用いる方法により行われ得る。加圧蒸気殺菌が好ましい。
【0038】
本発明によって得られる緑葉末は、高い食物繊維含量を有する。例えば、乾燥緑葉の微粉末よりも1.2倍以上、好ましくは1.5倍以上の食物繊維を含有し得る。
【0039】
本発明によって得られる緑葉末は、通常の緑葉末に比べて高い食物繊維含量を有するため、有害物質の吸着、腸内環境の改善において高い効果を有し、さらに緑葉が本来持つ効果を有し得る。例えば、麦の若葉から得られた緑葉末は、コレステロールの吸収抑制効果、食後の血糖値の急上昇防止効果、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ(SOD)の活性化効果を有し得る。
【0040】
これらの緑葉末は、そのまま飲食に供することができるが、賦形剤、増量剤、結合剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、着色料、香料、食品添加物、調味料などと混合され、用途に応じて、顆粒、錠剤などの形態に成形することもできる。さらに、各種の飲食品に配合して飲食に供することができる。例えば、ローヤルゼリー、ビタミン、プロテイン、カルシウム、キトサン、レシチンなどが配合され、さらに糖液および調味料が加えられて味が整えられる。そしてこれらは、必要に応じてハードカプセル、ソフトカプセルなどのカプセル剤、錠剤、もしくは丸剤などに、あるいは粉末状、顆粒状、茶状、ティーバッグ状、もしくは飴状などの形態に成形される。これらの形状または好みに応じて、そのまま食してもよく、あるいは水、湯、牛乳などに溶いて飲んでも良い。また、ティーバッグ状などの場合、成分を浸出させてから飲んでも良い。
【0041】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明がこの実施例により制限されないことはいうまでもない。
【0042】
(実施例1)
背丈が約30cmで刈り取った二条大麦の若葉を水洗いし、付着した泥などを除去した。この大麦若葉を、約10cm程度に切断し、その100kgを1000Lの焼成卵殻カルシウムでpH8.0に調整したブランチング処理溶液に投入、浸漬し、90〜95℃にて3分間加熱(ブランチング処理)した。ブランチング処理した大麦若葉を直ちに約20℃の冷却水にて5分間浸漬して、冷却した。続いて、冷却した大麦若葉を30秒間遠心分離して脱水した。
【0043】
脱水した大麦若葉を水分含量が約20重量%となるように乾燥機中、70℃にて2時間温風乾燥(一次乾燥)した。次いで、大麦若葉の最終水分含量が3重量%となるように、80℃にて4時間温風乾燥(二次乾燥)した。
【0044】
得られた乾燥緑葉を約5mmの大きさにカッターを用いて粗粉砕した後、加圧蒸気殺菌し、さらに平均粒径が75μm以下となるようにハンマーミルを用いて微粉砕し、乾燥緑葉の微粉末A10kgを得た。微粉末Aの平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置LMS−300(株式会社セイシン企業)で確認した。得られた微粉末Aのかさ比重を粉・粉体測定機器(筒井理化学機器株式会社製)を用いて測定した所、0.30g/cmであった。
【0045】
次いで、これらの微粉末を気流式分級機(株式会社奈良製作所)に投入し、微粉末の全重量の10重量%が除去できるように設定し、分級を行った。分級後、微粉末のかさ比重を測定した。得られたかさ比重が微粉末のかさ比重に対して1.3倍になるまで微粉砕および分級を繰り返し、緑葉末B1.4kgを得た。この時、緑葉末Bのかさ比重は、0.40g/cmであった。なお、分級により除去された微粉末を回収し、微粉末bとした。さらに、かさ比重が微粉末Aのかさ比重の1.5倍になるまで微粉砕および分級を繰り返し、緑葉末C0.5kgを得た。この時、緑葉末Cのかさ比重は、0.46g/cmであった。なお、分級により除去された微粉末を回収し、微粉末cとした。
【0046】
得られた緑葉末Bについて、かさ比重および食物繊維含量を測定した。さらに、便秘改善効果、食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果、およびSOD活性増強効果について評価した。
【0047】
かさ比重は、粉・粉体測定機器(筒井理化学機器株式会社製)を用いて測定した。食物繊維含量は、Prosky変法によって測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0048】
便秘改善効果を以下のようにして評価した。まず、排便の無い日が1週間に少なくとも1日存在する、健康な成人60人を被験者とし、1群10人の被験者に3gの緑葉末Bを水200mlに懸濁した懸濁液を1日2回、2週間摂取した。なお、水のみを摂取させた1群を対照試験区とした。
【0049】
各被験者に対して、各緑葉末または各微粉末の服用期間中の排便回数を調査し、総排便回数により、便秘改善効果を評価した。結果を図1に示す。
【0050】
食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果は、以下のようにして評価した。1群5人のボランティアの健常者それぞれに全く同じ食事を摂取し、食後直ちに3gの緑葉末Bを100mlの水に添加した懸濁液を摂取した。食後30分間隔で採血し、血糖値を小型血糖測定機(グルテストエースGT−1640、株式会社三和化学研究所)で測定し、食前の血糖値との差を求めた。結果を表2に示す。表2の値は、それぞれ5人の平均値を示す。
【0051】
SOD活性増強効果を以下のようにして評価した。1群5匹の7週令ラットに、体重1kgに対して750mgの緑葉末Bを14日間、経口投与した。また、対照例として5匹の7週令ラットを未投与で投与群と同様に14日間飼育した。
【0052】
最終投与後、12時間絶食し、四塩化炭素:オリーブオイル=1:1の混合物を4ml/kg体重で腹腔内投与した。24時間後、ラットを解剖して肝臓を取り出し、ミトコンドリア画分におけるSOD活性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。なお、表3の値は各群の平均値を示す。
【0053】
(実施例2)
緑葉末Bの代わりに実施例1で得られた緑葉末Cを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にかさ比重および食物繊維含量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。さらに、実施例1と同様に便秘改善効果、食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果、およびSOD活性増強効果について評価した。結果を図1、ならびに表2および3に併せて示す。
【0054】
(比較例1〜3)
緑葉末Bの代わりに実施例1で得られた微粉末A、b、およびcをそれぞれ用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にかさ比重および食物繊維含量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。さらに、実施例1と同様に便秘改善効果、食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果、およびSOD活性増強効果について評価した。結果を図1、ならびに表2および3に併せて示す。
【0055】
【表1】

Figure 0003778891
【0056】
表1からわかるように、実施例の緑葉末は、単に微粉砕した微粉末に比べて、粉砕および分級を重ねることで、かさ比重が増し、高い食物繊維含量を有することが分かる。
【0057】
図1の結果から、実施例の緑葉末BおよびCにおいて、便秘改善効果がみられた。さらに、その効果は、緑葉末のかさ比重が増加するに従い、向上することがわかる。
【0058】
【表2】
Figure 0003778891
【0059】
表2から、緑葉末BおよびCは、食後血糖値の上昇抑制効果を有することがわかる。なお、健常者の空腹時の血糖値は、平均で88.2mg/dlであり、食後0.5時間での血糖値は、微粉末Aを摂取した健常者で、平均で130.5mg/dlであった。本発明の緑葉末には、食後血糖値の上昇抑制効果の他にも、コレステロールの吸収抑制などの効果が期待される。
【0060】
【表3】
Figure 0003778891
【0061】
表3の結果から、緑葉末または微粉末を投与した群が、未投与群(対照例)に比べ、肝臓中のSOD活性が上昇していることが分かる。この結果から、本発明によって得られる緑葉末は、緑葉と同程度のSOD活性増強効果を有していることがわかる。
【0062】
(実施例3)
脱水した大麦若葉の代わりに100kgのケールを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に一次乾燥、二次乾燥、粗粉砕、加圧蒸気殺菌を行った。その後、平均粒径が100μm以下となるようにハンマーミルを用いて微粉砕し、ケールの微粉末Dを得た。微粉末Dの平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置LMS−300(株式会社セイシン企業)で確認した。得られた微粉末Dのかさ比重を測定した所、0.32g/cmであった。次いで、これらの微粉末を気流式分級機(株式会社奈良製作所)に投入し、微粉末の全重量の5重量%が除去できるように設定し、分級を行った。分級後、微粉末のかさ比重を測定した。得られたかさ比重がケールの微粉末Dのかさ比重に対して1.3倍になるまで微粉砕および分級を繰り返し、ケールの緑葉末Eを得た。この緑葉末E中の食物繊維含量を微粉末D中の食物繊維含量と比較したところ、1.3倍(57.4重量%)であった。
【0063】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、従来の緑葉の乾燥粉末に比べて食物繊維含量が高く、さらに、緑葉が有する効果と同様の効果を発揮する緑葉末が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の大麦若葉の緑葉末または比較例の大麦若葉の微粉末を2週間摂取させた被験者の総排便回数の出現率を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a dry powder (green leaf powder) of green leaves. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a green leaf powder having a high dietary fiber content while maintaining the effect of green leaf.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Green leaf powders currently on the market contain vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and the like, and are known to have effects such as adsorption of harmful substances and improvement of the intestinal environment. For example, dry powder of young wheat leaves, in addition to these effects, have effects such as suppression of cholesterol absorption, prevention of rapid increase in blood glucose level after meals, and activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Has attracted attention. In order to effectively utilize the effects of such natural green leaves, it is particularly important to use a green leaf powder containing more dietary fiber.
[0003]
Currently, many methods for producing green leaf powder are known (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). However, these green leaf powders are merely pulverized and processed while preventing degeneration and discoloration of the green leaf, and the ingredients of the material are not fully utilized.
[0004]
Furthermore, a method for producing dietary fiber in which dietary fiber is recovered from the juice of these green leaves or extracted using enzymatic decomposition or the like has also been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 5 and 6). However, these are merely extractions of dietary fiber, lacking other useful nutritional components obtained when green leaves are ingested, and are problematic in that processing is costly and laborious.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2544302 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-192666 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-9-271347 [Patent Document 4]
JP 2002-247948 A [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent No. 2790169 [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent No. 2938471 [Patent Document 7]
JP-A-5-276868 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, a green leaf powder that exhibits the same effects as green leaves more easily and has a higher dietary fiber content is desired.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors diligently examined the green leaf powder having a further excellent function without losing the active ingredient of the green leaf, and by pulverizing and classifying the dried green leaf, the same effect as that of the green leaf is exhibited. And it discovered that the green leaf powder which has a high dietary fiber content was producible, and came to complete this invention.
[0008]
The present invention includes the following steps:
(1) A step of pulverizing dried green leaves to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of 100 μm or less;
And (3) a method for producing a green leaf powder, comprising a step of classifying the fine powder; and (3) a step of collecting a green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.3 times or more of the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder.
[0009]
In a preferred embodiment, the continuous steps (1) and (2) are repeated a plurality of times.
[0010]
In a more preferred embodiment, the collecting step (3) is a step of collecting green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.5 times or more compared to the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder.
[0011]
In a more preferred embodiment, the dried green leaf is a green leaf dried at a drying temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. until the water content becomes 25% by weight or less.
[0012]
In a more preferred embodiment, the dry green leaf is a dry green leaf of a grass family plant.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The green leaves used in the present invention include, for example, gramineous plants such as barley, wheat, rye, buckwheat, rice, straw, camellia, millet, cruciferous plants such as cabbage, broccoli, and kale, plants of the asteraceae family, Lamiaceae Green leaves such as, but not limited to. Preferably, it is a green leaf of a gramineous plant.
[0014]
The green leaves of Gramineae plants are preferably young leaves harvested before the maturity period, that is, from the beginning of splitting to the early stage of heading (height is about 20 to 40 cm), and among these, the barley leaves with high nutritional value are more preferably used. It is done.
[0015]
These green leaves are preferably processed immediately after harvesting. If processing takes time, it can be stored by storage means commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as cold storage, to prevent green leaf alteration.
[0016]
If necessary, the green leaves are washed with water (preferably cold water of 25 ° C. or less), mud and the like are washed away, drained, and then cut into an appropriate length (for example, 2 cm to 10 cm).
[0017]
Further, these green leaves may be blanched for the purpose of retaining color. The blanching treatment can be performed by immersing green leaves in a blanching treatment solution to which calcined calcium is added, and performing a heat treatment for an appropriate time (for example, several minutes). This blanching treatment can prevent the discoloration of green leaves by deactivating enzymes involved in color alteration.
[0018]
As the calcined calcium, those derived from natural products are preferable. For example, eggshell calcium, sea urchin shell calcium, shell calcium, coral calcium and the like are used. Eggshell calcium is preferable.
[0019]
The main component of calcined calcium is calcium oxide, and exhibits strong alkalinity when used in large amounts. Such a treatment under strong alkali conditions not only cannot maintain the vivid green color of the green leaves, but also softens and destroys the plant cell tissue, thereby losing the flavor (for example, Patent Document 7). Therefore, it is preferable to perform the blanching treatment solution within a pH range of 7.1 to 8.5.
[0020]
The amount of the green leaves to be blanched is 30 to 300 kg, preferably 25 to 250 kg, more preferably 20 to 200 kg with respect to 1000 L of blanching treatment solution.
[0021]
The temperature and time of the blanching treatment may be determined by the amount and pH of the green leaf to be treated. In the range of the amount of green leaves and the pH, the treatment temperature is preferably 80 to 100 ° C, more preferably 90 to 100 ° C, and still more preferably 92 to 98 ° C. The treatment time may be appropriately set depending on the treatment temperature, but is preferably 60 to 180 seconds, more preferably 70 to 160 seconds, and further preferably 80 to 150 seconds. In addition, it is preferable to make processing time short, so that pH is high.
[0022]
The blanched green leaves are preferably cooled immediately in order to maintain the green color and flavor. The cooling can be performed by means commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as immersing in cooling water or quenching with cold air. For example, when immersed in cooling water, it can be performed using water of 30 ° C. or lower, preferably water of 20 ° C. or lower. The lower the temperature of the cold water, the greener the green leaves, the more beautiful the appearance. The soaking time is an arbitrary time according to the amount of green leaves processed.
[0023]
Next, the green leaves are dried. Drying is performed such that the water content in the green leaves is 25% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less.
[0024]
Prior to drying, it is preferable to remove water adhering to the green leaf by dehydration or the like in advance. By dehydrating before drying, unevenness and scorching during drying can be eliminated. Dehydration can be performed using a dehydration apparatus such as a centrifuge. In the case of dehydration by centrifugation, green leaves may become tangled. Therefore, it is preferable to loosen the green leaves after dehydration.
[0025]
The drying method can be performed by, for example, hot air drying, high-pressure steam drying, electromagnetic wave drying, freeze drying, or the like. From the viewpoint of production cost, hot air drying is most preferable.
[0026]
Drying may be performed at a temperature of 60 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 80 ° C. If it is less than 60 ° C., the drying speed is slow, and if it exceeds 90 ° C., it tends to cause scorching and the like, which is not preferable. In particular, dried green leaves having a moisture content of 25% by weight or less dried at the above temperature can maintain the flavor and nutritional value for a long time, and as a result, good green leaf powder can be obtained.
[0027]
The drying may be further performed by a two-stage method with a temperature difference. By drying in two stages, the drying time is shortened and at the same time the green color and flavor of the green leaves are maintained. When drying is performed in two stages, the moisture content in the dried green leaves is preferably 5% by weight or less. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the primary drying temperature and the secondary drying temperature is preferably about 5 to 15 ° C, more preferably about 10 ° C. Thus, by setting the temperature difference within a certain range, moisture management in the drying process is facilitated, and drying can be performed efficiently.
[0028]
Therefore, the two-stage drying can be performed as follows, for example. First, primary drying is performed at a drying temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. so that the water content is higher than 5% by weight and lower than or equal to 25% by weight. Next, by performing secondary drying at a drying temperature higher than primary drying and not higher than 90 ° C., dried green leaves having a water content of 5% by weight or less can be obtained.
[0029]
The obtained dry green leaves are pulverized and classified to obtain green leaf powder. Before the dry green leaves are finely pulverized, it is preferable to coarsely pulverize the dry powder to about 0.1 mm to 10 mm in advance. The grinding can be performed by a machine or tool normally used by those skilled in the art, such as a crusher, a mill, a blender, and a stone mill.
[0030]
Prior to fine grinding, the dried green leaves or coarsely ground dried green leaves can be sterilized as necessary. The sterilization method can be performed by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as high-pressure sterilization, heat sterilization, and pressure steam sterilization. Pressure steam sterilization is preferred.
[0031]
The fine pulverization is preferably performed using a dry pulverizer such as a hammer mill, a ball mill, or a roller mill. By using these apparatuses, fine powder with fine particles can be obtained. A hammer mill is preferable.
[0032]
The fine pulverization is performed under the condition that the average particle size of the fine powder is 100 μm or less. Preferably it is 75 micrometers or less. The average particle size of the fine powder can be measured by methods commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device, an ultracentrifugal automatic particle size distribution measuring device, and an electric resistance particle size distribution measuring device. A laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring apparatus is preferable.
[0033]
Next, the bulk specific gravity of the dry green leaf fine powder is measured. Bulk specific gravity refers to the weight per volume of fine powder, that is, the apparent specific gravity, and after filling the fine powder into a container with a constant internal volume and measuring its weight, the weight obtained and the weight of the container It is obtained by calculating the value obtained by dividing the difference by the internal volume of the container. For these measurements, a powder bulk density measuring instrument or a powder / powder characteristic measuring instrument conforming to a standard such as JIS K-6721 is used. For example, a powder / powder measuring instrument manufactured by Tsutsui Rika Instruments Co., Ltd. Is used. It is preferred bulk density of the fine powder of young leaves of barley obtained by the above milling is 0.2g / cm 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 .
[0034]
The classification is performed using a dry classifier or a specific gravity classifier, and green leaves with a desired bulk specific gravity are determined based on the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder obtained before classification by preferentially removing powder with a small bulk specific gravity. Get the end. The classification conditions may be set as appropriate depending on the weight of the fine powder to be removed or the capacity of the classifier. For example, when the fine powder of barley young leaves is classified by an airflow classifier, the classification is preferably 5% by weight, more preferably 10% by weight, and even more preferably 15% by weight based on the weight of the fine powder. The classification conditions are set so that they can be removed by the above. By repeating such classification, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder can be increased and a green leaf powder can be obtained. When the classifier has a high capacity, 50% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight, may be removed at once with respect to the weight of the fine powder before classification.
[0035]
When the bulk specific gravity of the powder obtained by classification does not reach the above bulk specific gravity, the fine powder collected above may be further finely pulverized before the next classification. That is, pulverization and classification may be repeated. In the fine powder that does not satisfy the desired bulk specific gravity, a portion having a large bulk specific gravity and a portion having a small bulk specific gravity are localized, and the apparent bulk specific gravity may be small as a whole. By pulverizing such fine powder and removing fine powder having a small bulk specific gravity under the same classification conditions as described above, a green leaf powder having a large bulk specific gravity can be recovered.
[0036]
In the method of the present invention, green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.3 times or more of the bulk specific gravity of the original dry green leaf fine powder is collected. The bulk specific gravity is preferably 1.5 times or more, more preferably 2 times or more. As the bulk specific gravity increases, the resulting green leaf powder has a higher dietary fiber content.
[0037]
The obtained green leaf powder can be sterilized as necessary. The sterilization method can be performed by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as high-pressure sterilization, heat sterilization, and pressure steam sterilization. Pressure steam sterilization is preferred.
[0038]
The green leaf powder obtained by the present invention has a high dietary fiber content. For example, it may contain 1.2 times or more, preferably 1.5 times or more, dietary fiber than the fine powder of dry green leaves.
[0039]
Since the green leaf powder obtained by the present invention has a higher dietary fiber content than ordinary green leaf powder, it has a high effect in adsorbing harmful substances and improving the intestinal environment, and further has the effect inherent in green leaves. obtain. For example, green leaf powder obtained from young wheat leaves can have an effect of suppressing absorption of cholesterol, an effect of preventing a rapid increase in blood glucose level after meals, and an effect of activating superoxide dismutase (SOD).
[0040]
These green leaf powders can be used for food and drink as they are, but they are mixed with excipients, extenders, binders, thickeners, emulsifiers, colorants, flavors, food additives, seasonings, etc. In addition, it can be formed into a form such as a granule or a tablet. Furthermore, it can mix | blend with various food-drinks and can use for food-drinks. For example, royal jelly, vitamins, protein, calcium, chitosan, lecithin and the like are blended, and a sugar solution and seasoning are further added to adjust the taste. These are formed into capsules such as hard capsules and soft capsules, tablets, pills, or the like as required, or in the form of powder, granules, tea, tea bags, or bowls. Depending on their shape or preference, they may be eaten as they are, or they may be dissolved in water, hot water, milk or the like. Moreover, in the case of a tea bag shape etc., you may drink after leaching a component.
[0041]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not restrict | limited by this Example.
[0042]
Example 1
The young leaves of Nijo barley harvested with a height of about 30 cm were washed with water to remove the adhering mud. This barley young leaf is cut to about 10 cm, and 100 kg of it is put into a blanching treatment solution adjusted to pH 8.0 with 1000 L of calcined eggshell calcium, immersed and heated at 90-95 ° C. for 3 minutes (branching treatment) )did. The blanched young barley leaves were immediately immersed in cooling water at about 20 ° C. for 5 minutes and cooled. Subsequently, the cooled barley young leaves were centrifuged for 30 seconds for dehydration.
[0043]
The dehydrated barley young leaves were dried with warm air (primary drying) at 70 ° C. for 2 hours in a dryer so that the water content was about 20% by weight. Next, hot air drying (secondary drying) was performed at 80 ° C. for 4 hours so that the final water content of the barley young leaves was 3% by weight.
[0044]
The obtained dried green leaves were roughly pulverized to a size of about 5 mm using a cutter, then sterilized by steam and further pulverized using a hammer mill so that the average particle size was 75 μm or less. 10 kg of fine powder A was obtained. The average particle diameter of the fine powder A was confirmed with a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer LMS-300 (Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.). It was 0.30 g / cm 3 when the bulk specific gravity of the obtained fine powder A was measured using a powder / powder measuring instrument (manufactured by Tsutsui Chemical Co., Ltd.).
[0045]
Subsequently, these fine powders were put into an airflow classifier (Nara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), set so that 10% by weight of the total weight of the fine powders could be removed, and classified. After classification, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder was measured. Fine grinding and classification were repeated until the bulk specific gravity was 1.3 times the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder to obtain 1.4 kg of green leaf powder B. At this time, the bulk specific gravity of the green leaf powder B was 0.40 g / cm 3 . The fine powder removed by classification was collected and used as fine powder b. Further, pulverization and classification were repeated until the bulk specific gravity was 1.5 times the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder A to obtain 0.5 kg of green leaf powder C. At this time, the bulk specific gravity of the green leaf powder C was 0.46 g / cm 3 . The fine powder removed by classification was collected and used as fine powder c.
[0046]
About the obtained green leaf powder B, bulk specific gravity and dietary fiber content were measured. Furthermore, the constipation improvement effect, the postprandial blood glucose level increase suppression effect, and the SOD activity enhancement effect were evaluated.
[0047]
The bulk specific gravity was measured using a powder / powder measuring instrument (manufactured by Tsutsui Chemical Co., Ltd.). Dietary fiber content was measured by a modified Prosky method. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0048]
The effect of improving constipation was evaluated as follows. First, 60 healthy adults with at least one day in the week without defecation are subjects, and a suspension of 3 g of green leaf powder B in 200 ml of water is applied to 10 subjects per group for 1 day. Ingested twice for 2 weeks. In addition, 1 group which ingested only water was made into the control test plot.
[0049]
For each subject, the number of defecations during the period of taking each green leaf powder or each fine powder was investigated, and the effect of improving constipation was evaluated based on the total number of defecations. The results are shown in FIG.
[0050]
The effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level after a meal was evaluated as follows. Each group of 5 healthy volunteers ingested exactly the same meal, and immediately after the meal, 3 g of green leaf powder B was added to 100 ml of water. Blood samples were collected at 30-minute intervals after meals, and blood glucose levels were measured with a small blood glucose meter (Glutest Ace GT-1640, Sanwa Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) to determine the difference from blood glucose levels before meals. The results are shown in Table 2. The values in Table 2 show the average value of 5 people.
[0051]
The SOD activity enhancing effect was evaluated as follows. One group of 5 7-week-old rats were orally administered with 750 mg of green leaf powder B per kg of body weight for 14 days. As control examples, five 7-week-old rats were bred for 14 days in the same manner as in the administration group without administration.
[0052]
After the final administration, the animals were fasted for 12 hours, and a mixture of carbon tetrachloride: olive oil = 1: 1 was intraperitoneally administered at 4 ml / kg body weight. After 24 hours, the rats were dissected to remove the liver, and the SOD activity in the mitochondrial fraction was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, the value of Table 3 shows the average value of each group.
[0053]
(Example 2)
Bulk specific gravity and dietary fiber content were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that green leaf powder C obtained in Example 1 was used instead of green leaf powder B. The results are also shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the constipation improving effect, the postprandial blood sugar level increase suppressing effect, and the SOD activity enhancing effect were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 1 and Tables 2 and 3 together.
[0054]
(Comparative Examples 1-3)
Bulk specific gravity and dietary fiber content were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine powders A, b, and c obtained in Example 1 were used in place of green leaf powder B. The results are also shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the constipation improving effect, the postprandial blood sugar level increase suppressing effect, and the SOD activity enhancing effect were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 1 and Tables 2 and 3 together.
[0055]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003778891
[0056]
As can be seen from Table 1, it can be seen that the green leaf powder of the example has a high dietary fiber content and increased bulk specific gravity by repeated grinding and classification as compared with finely pulverized fine powder.
[0057]
From the result of FIG. 1, the constipation improvement effect was seen in the green leaf powders B and C of the examples. Furthermore, it turns out that the effect improves as the bulk specific gravity of a green leaf end increases.
[0058]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003778891
[0059]
From Table 2, it can be seen that green leaf powders B and C have an inhibitory effect on postprandial blood glucose levels. In addition, the blood sugar level at the time of fasting of a healthy person is an average of 88.2 mg / dl, and the blood sugar level at 0.5 hours after meal is an average of 130.5 mg / dl of a healthy person ingesting the fine powder A. Met. The green leaf powder of the present invention is expected to have an effect of suppressing absorption of cholesterol in addition to the effect of suppressing the increase in postprandial blood glucose level.
[0060]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003778891
[0061]
From the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the SOD activity in the liver is higher in the group administered with green leaf powder or fine powder than in the non-administered group (control example). From this result, it can be seen that the green leaf powder obtained by the present invention has the same SOD activity enhancing effect as that of the green leaf.
[0062]
Example 3
Primary drying, secondary drying, coarse pulverization, and autoclaving were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 kg of kale was used instead of the dehydrated barley young leaves. Then, it was finely pulverized using a hammer mill so that the average particle diameter was 100 μm or less to obtain kale fine powder D. The average particle diameter of the fine powder D was confirmed with a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer LMS-300 (Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.). The bulk specific gravity of the obtained fine powder D was measured and found to be 0.32 g / cm 3 . Subsequently, these fine powders were put into an airflow classifier (Nara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), set so that 5% by weight of the total weight of the fine powders could be removed, and classified. After classification, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder was measured. Fine pulverization and classification were repeated until the bulk specific gravity was 1.3 times the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder D of kale to obtain green leaf powder E of kale. When the dietary fiber content in the green leaf powder E was compared with the dietary fiber content in the fine powder D, it was 1.3 times (57.4% by weight).
[0063]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a green leaf powder having a high dietary fiber content as compared with a conventional dry powder of green leaves and further exhibiting the same effect as that of green leaves.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the appearance rate of the total number of defecations of a subject who ingested the green leaf powder of young barley leaves of the present invention or the fine powder of young barley leaves of a comparative example for 2 weeks.

Claims (5)

以下の工程:
(1)乾燥緑葉を微粉砕して平均粒径が100μm以下の微粉末を得る工程;
(2)該微粉末を乾式分級もしくは比重分級することにより、分級前の微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.3倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末をる工程
を含む、緑葉末の製造方法。
The following steps:
(1) A step of pulverizing dried green leaves to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of 100 μm or less;
(2) By the fine powder to dry classification or density classification, including before the classification Ru obtain green Hazue step having a bulk density of more than 1.3 times compared to the bulk density of the powder, producing powder of green leaf Method.
前記(2)の工程で除去された緑葉末を工程(1)に戻し、工程(1)の微粉砕および工程(2)の分級を複数回繰り返して行な、請求項1に記載の緑葉末の製造方法。 It said return green Hazue removed in the step (2) in step (1), step (1) of the I row by repeating several times the classification of milling and step (2), green leaves of claim 1 The last manufacturing method. 前記(2)の工において分級前の微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.5倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を得る、請求項1または2に記載の緑葉末の製造方法。The obtained green Hazue having a bulk specific gravity of more than 1.5 times that of the bulk density of the fine powder before the classification in Cheng Hao of (2), green leaves late method according to Motomeko 1 or 2. 前記乾燥緑葉が、水分含量が25重量%以下となるまで60〜90℃の乾燥温度で乾燥した緑葉である、請求項1から3のいずれかの項に記載の製造方法。  The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dry green leaves are green leaves dried at a drying temperature of 60 to 90 ° C until the water content becomes 25% by weight or less. 前記乾燥緑葉が、イネ科植物の乾燥緑葉である、請求項1から4のいずれかの項に記載の製造方法。  The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dry green leaf is a dry green leaf of a grass family plant.
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