JP2004159548A - Method for producing green leaf powder - Google Patents

Method for producing green leaf powder Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004159548A
JP2004159548A JP2002328469A JP2002328469A JP2004159548A JP 2004159548 A JP2004159548 A JP 2004159548A JP 2002328469 A JP2002328469 A JP 2002328469A JP 2002328469 A JP2002328469 A JP 2002328469A JP 2004159548 A JP2004159548 A JP 2004159548A
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Prior art keywords
powder
green leaf
green
specific gravity
fine powder
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JP2002328469A
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JP3778891B2 (en
Inventor
Kinya Takagaki
欣也 高垣
Yushi Mitsui
雄史 三井
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Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd
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Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd
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  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing green leaf powder which exhibits the same effects as the effects of green leaves and further has a high edible fiber content. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the green leaf powder comprises (1) a process for finely grinding dry green leaves to obtain fine powder having an average particle diameter of ≤100μm, (2) a process for classifying the fine powder, and (3) a process for recovering the green leaf powder having a bulk density of ≥1.3 times that of the fine powder. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、緑葉の乾燥粉末(緑葉末)の製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、緑葉が有する効果を保持しつつ、高い食物繊維含量を有する緑葉末の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在市販されている緑葉末は、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、食物繊維などを含み、有害物質の吸着、腸内環境の改善などの効果を有することが知られている。例えば、麦の若葉の乾燥粉末は、これらの効果に加え、コレステロールの吸収抑制、食後の血糖値の急上昇防止、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ(SOD)の活性化などの効果を有し、健康食品の素材として注目を浴びている。このような天然の緑葉が有する効果を有効に活用するためには、特に、食物繊維をより多く含有している緑葉末を用いることが重要である。
【0003】
現在、多くの緑葉末の製造方法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1〜4)。しかし、これらの緑葉末は、単に緑葉の変性、変色を防ぎながら粉砕、加工されているに過ぎず、素材の持つ成分が十分利用されていない。
【0004】
さらに、これらの緑葉の搾汁から食物繊維を回収したり、酵素分解などを用いて抽出する食物繊維の製造方法も提案されている(例えば、特許文献5および6)。しかし、これらは、単に食物繊維を抽出したにすぎず、緑葉を摂取した場合に得られる他の有用な栄養成分を欠く上、処理にコストと手間がかかるといった問題点がある。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特許第2544302号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭60−192566号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平9−271347号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2002−247948号公報
【特許文献5】
特許第2790169号公報
【特許文献6】
特許第2938471号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平5−276868号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、より簡便に緑葉が有する効果と同様の効果を発揮し、さらに高い食物繊維含量を有する緑葉末が望まれている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、緑葉のもつ有効成分を失うことなく、さらに優れた機能を有する緑葉末を鋭意検討したところ、乾燥緑葉を粉砕および分級することにより、緑葉が有する効果と同様の効果を発揮し、かつ高い食物繊維含量を有する緑葉末を製造できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
本発明は、以下の工程:
(1)乾燥緑葉を微粉砕して平均粒径が100μm以下の微粉末を得る工程;
(2)該微粉末を分級する工程;および
(3)該微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.3倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を回収する工程
を含む、緑葉末の製造方法に関する。
【0009】
好ましい実施態様においては、(1)および(2)の連続する工程が複数回繰り返して行なわれる。
【0010】
より好ましい実施態様においては、上記(3)の回収工程は、前記微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.5倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を回収する工程である。
【0011】
さらに好ましい実施態様においては、上記乾燥緑葉は、水分含量が25重量%以下となるまで60〜90℃の乾燥温度で乾燥した緑葉である。
【0012】
さらに好ましい実施態様においては、上記乾燥緑葉は、イネ科植物の乾燥緑葉である。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられる緑葉としては、例えば、大麦、小麦、ライ麦、燕麦、稲、稗、粟、キビなどのイネ科植物、キャベツ、ブロッコリー、ケールなどのアブラナ科植物、キク科の植物、シソ科の植物などの緑葉が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。好ましくは、イネ科植物の緑葉である。
【0014】
イネ科植物の緑葉は、成熟期前、すなわち分けつ開始期から出穂開始前期(背丈が20〜40cm程度)に収穫された若葉が好ましく、これらの中でも、栄養価の高い大麦の若葉がより好ましく用いられる。
【0015】
これらの緑葉は、収穫後、直ちに処理されることが好ましい。処理までに時間を要する場合、緑葉の変質を防ぐために低温貯蔵などの当業者が通常用いる貯蔵手段により貯蔵され得る。
【0016】
緑葉は、必要に応じて、水(好ましくは25℃以下の冷水)で洗浄し、泥などを洗い落とし、水気を切った後、適当な長さ(例えば、2cm〜10cm)に切断する。
【0017】
さらに、これらの緑葉は、色を保持する目的でブランチング処理を行ってもよい。ブランチング処理は、焼成カルシウムを添加したブランチング処理溶液に緑葉を浸漬し、適切な時間(例えば、数分間)加熱処理することによって行われ得る。このブランチング処理は、色の変質に関与している酵素を失活させることにより、緑葉の褪色化を防止し得る。
【0018】
焼成カルシウムとしては、天然物由来のものが好ましく、例えば、卵殻カルシウム、ウニ殻カルシウム、貝殻カルシウム、サンゴカルシウムなどが用いられる。好ましくは、卵殻カルシウムである。
【0019】
焼成カルシウムは、その主成分が酸化カルシウムであり、多量に使用すると強アルカリ性を示す。このような強アルカリ条件下での処理は、緑葉の鮮やかな緑色を保持できないのみならず、植物細胞組織が軟化して破壊され、風味が損なわれる(例えば、特許文献7)。したがって、ブランチング処理溶液は、pHが7.1〜8.5の範囲内で行うことが好ましい。
【0020】
ブランチング処理する緑葉の量は、1000Lのブランチング処理溶液に対して、30〜300kg、好ましくは25〜250kg、より好ましくは20〜200kgである。
【0021】
ブランチング処理の温度および時間は、処理する緑葉の量およびpHにより決定すればよい。上記緑葉量およびpHの範囲においては、処理温度は80〜100℃が好ましく、90〜100℃がより好ましく、92〜98℃がさらに好ましい。処理時間は、処理温度によって適宜設定すればよいが、60〜180秒間が好ましく、70〜160秒間がより好ましく、80〜150秒間がさらに好ましい。なお、pHが高いほど、処理時間は、短時間にすることが好ましい。
【0022】
ブランチング処理された緑葉は、直ちに冷却することが、緑色および風味を維持する点で好ましい。冷却は、冷却水中に浸漬する、冷風を当てて急冷するなど、当業者が通常用いる手段で行われ得る。例えば、冷却水中に浸漬する場合、30℃以下の水、好ましくは20℃以下の水を用いて行われ得る。冷水の温度が低いほど、緑葉の緑色が映え、外観が美しくなる。浸漬時間は、緑葉の処理量に応じた任意の時間である。
【0023】
次いで、緑葉を乾燥する。乾燥は、緑葉中の水分含量が25重量%以下、好ましくは10重量%以下、より好ましくは5重量%以下となるように行われる。
【0024】
乾燥に先立って、予め脱水などにより緑葉に付着した水等を除去することが好ましい。乾燥前に脱水することにより、乾燥時のむらや焦げつきをなくすことができる。脱水は、遠心分離などの脱水装置を用いて行われ得る。遠心分離による脱水の場合、緑葉がからまってしまう場合があるので、脱水後、緑葉をほぐしておくことが好ましい。
【0025】
乾燥方法は、例えば、熱風乾燥、高圧蒸気乾燥、電磁波乾燥、凍結乾燥などにより行われ得る。製造上のコストの面からは、熱風乾燥が最も好ましい。
【0026】
乾燥は、60℃〜90℃、好ましくは60℃〜80℃の温度で行われ得る。60℃未満では、乾燥速度が遅く、90℃を超えると、焦げなどが生じやすいので、好ましくない。特に、上記温度で乾燥した水分含量が25重量%以下の乾燥緑葉は、風味および栄養価が長時間維持され、結果として良好な緑葉末を得ることができる。
【0027】
乾燥は、さらに、温度差を設けた2段階の方法で行ってもよい。2段階で乾燥することにより、乾燥時間が短縮されると同時に、緑葉の緑色および風味が維持される。乾燥を2段階で行う場合は、乾燥緑葉中の水分含量を5重量%以下とすることが好ましい。さらに、一次乾燥温度と二次乾燥温度との温度差が約5〜15℃であることが好ましく、約10℃であることがより好ましい。このように温度差を一定範囲に設定することにより、乾燥処理工程の水分管理が容易になり、効率的に乾燥を行うことができる。
【0028】
したがって、2段階乾燥は、例えば以下のようにして行われ得る。まず、60〜80℃の乾燥温度で一次乾燥し、水分含量が5重量%より高く25重量%以下にする。次いで、一次乾燥よりも高くかつ90℃以下の乾燥温度で二次乾燥することによって、水分含量が5重量%以下の乾燥緑葉を得ることができる。
【0029】
得られた乾燥緑葉を微粉砕し、分級することによって、緑葉末が得られる。この乾燥緑葉の微粉砕を行う前に、予め0.1mm〜10mm程度に乾燥粉末を粗粉砕することが好ましい。粉砕は、例えば、クラッシャー、ミル、ブレンダー、石臼などの当業者が通常用いる機械または道具により行われ得る。
【0030】
微粉砕の前に、乾燥緑葉または粗粉砕した乾燥緑葉を必要に応じて殺菌し得る。殺菌方法は、例えば、高圧殺菌、加熱殺菌、加圧蒸気殺菌などの当業者が通常用いる方法により行われ得る。加圧蒸気殺菌が好ましい。
【0031】
微粉砕は、例えばハンマーミル、ボールミル、ローラーミルなどの乾式微粉砕機を用いて微粉砕することが好ましい。これらの装置を用いることによって、粒子の細かい微粉末が得られる。好ましくは、ハンマーミルである。
【0032】
微粉砕は、微粉末の平均粒径が100μm以下となるような条件で行う。好ましくは75μm以下である。微粉末の平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置、超遠心式自動粒度分布測定装置、電気抵抗式粒度分布測定装置など当業者が通常用いる方法によって測定し得る。好ましくは、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置である。
【0033】
次いで、乾燥緑葉の微粉末のかさ比重を測定する。かさ比重とは、微粉末の容積あたりの重量、すなわち見かけの比重をいい、微粉末を一定の内容積の容器に充填し、その重量を測定した後、得られた重量と容器の重量との差を容器の内容積で割った値を算出することによって得られる。これらの測定には、JIS K−6721などの規格に準拠した粉体のかさ比重測定器または粉・粉体特性測定機器が用いられ、例えば、筒井理化学機器株式会社製の粉・粉体測定機器が用いられる。上記微粉砕により得られる大麦の若葉の微粉末のかさ比重は0.2g/cm〜0.3g/cmであることが好ましい。
【0034】
分級は、乾式分級機または比重分級機を用いて行われ、かさ比重の小さい粉末を優先的に除去することによって、分級前に得られた微粉末のかさ比重を基準として所望のかさ比重の緑葉末を得る。分級条件は、除去する微粉末の重量または分級機の能力により適宜設定すればよい。例えば、大麦の若葉の微粉末を気流式分級機で分級する場合、微粉末の重量に対して、好ましくは5重量%、より好ましくは10重量%、さらに好ましくは15重量%が1回の分級によって除去できるように分級条件の設定がなされる。このような分級を繰り返すことによって、微粉末のかさ比重を高めることができ、緑葉末が得られる。分級機の能力が高い場合、分級前の微粉末の重量に対して、好ましくは50重量%、より好ましくは70重量%を一度に除去してもよい。
【0035】
分級によって得られた粉末のかさ比重が上記のかさ比重に到達しない場合は、次の分級を行う前に上記で回収した微粉末をさらに微粉砕してもよい。すなわち微粉砕および分級を繰り返し行なってもよい。所望のかさ比重に満たない微粉末は、かさ比重の大きい部位と小さい部位とが局在化し、全体として見かけのかさ比重が小さくなっている場合があり得る。このような微粉末をさらに粉砕し、上記と同様の分級条件でかさ比重の小さい微粉末を除くことによって、かさ比重の大きい緑葉末を回収し得る。
【0036】
本発明の方法においては、もとの乾燥緑葉の微粉末のかさ比重に対して1.3倍以上のかさ比重の緑葉末を採取する。かさ比重は、好ましくは1.5倍以上であり、より好ましくは2倍以上である。かさ比重が増大するにしたがって、得られる緑葉末は、より高い食物繊維含量を有する。
【0037】
得られた緑葉末は、必要に応じて殺菌し得る。殺菌方法は、例えば、高圧殺菌、加熱殺菌、加圧蒸気殺菌などの当業者が通常用いる方法により行われ得る。加圧蒸気殺菌が好ましい。
【0038】
本発明によって得られる緑葉末は、高い食物繊維含量を有する。例えば、乾燥緑葉の微粉末よりも1.2倍以上、好ましくは1.5倍以上の食物繊維を含有し得る。
【0039】
本発明によって得られる緑葉末は、通常の緑葉末に比べて高い食物繊維含量を有するため、有害物質の吸着、腸内環境の改善において高い効果を有し、さらに緑葉が本来持つ効果を有し得る。例えば、麦の若葉から得られた緑葉末は、コレステロールの吸収抑制効果、食後の血糖値の急上昇防止効果、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ(SOD)の活性化効果を有し得る。
【0040】
これらの緑葉末は、そのまま飲食に供することができるが、賦形剤、増量剤、結合剤、増粘剤、乳化剤、着色料、香料、食品添加物、調味料などと混合され、用途に応じて、顆粒、錠剤などの形態に成形することもできる。さらに、各種の飲食品に配合して飲食に供することができる。例えば、ローヤルゼリー、ビタミン、プロテイン、カルシウム、キトサン、レシチンなどが配合され、さらに糖液および調味料が加えられて味が整えられる。そしてこれらは、必要に応じてハードカプセル、ソフトカプセルなどのカプセル剤、錠剤、もしくは丸剤などに、あるいは粉末状、顆粒状、茶状、ティーバッグ状、もしくは飴状などの形態に成形される。これらの形状または好みに応じて、そのまま食してもよく、あるいは水、湯、牛乳などに溶いて飲んでも良い。また、ティーバッグ状などの場合、成分を浸出させてから飲んでも良い。
【0041】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明がこの実施例により制限されないことはいうまでもない。
【0042】
(実施例1)
背丈が約30cmで刈り取った二条大麦の若葉を水洗いし、付着した泥などを除去した。この大麦若葉を、約10cm程度に切断し、その100kgを1000Lの焼成卵殻カルシウムでpH8.0に調整したブランチング処理溶液に投入、浸漬し、90〜95℃にて3分間加熱(ブランチング処理)した。ブランチング処理した大麦若葉を直ちに約20℃の冷却水にて5分間浸漬して、冷却した。続いて、冷却した大麦若葉を30秒間遠心分離して脱水した。
【0043】
脱水した大麦若葉を水分含量が約20重量%となるように乾燥機中、70℃にて2時間温風乾燥(一次乾燥)した。次いで、大麦若葉の最終水分含量が3重量%となるように、80℃にて4時間温風乾燥(二次乾燥)した。
【0044】
得られた乾燥緑葉を約5mmの大きさにカッターを用いて粗粉砕した後、加圧蒸気殺菌し、さらに平均粒径が75μm以下となるようにハンマーミルを用いて微粉砕し、乾燥緑葉の微粉末A10kgを得た。微粉末Aの平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置LMS−300(株式会社セイシン企業)で確認した。得られた微粉末Aのかさ比重を粉・粉体測定機器(筒井理化学機器株式会社製)を用いて測定した所、0.30g/cmであった。
【0045】
次いで、これらの微粉末を気流式分級機(株式会社奈良製作所)に投入し、微粉末の全重量の10重量%が除去できるように設定し、分級を行った。分級後、微粉末のかさ比重を測定した。得られたかさ比重が微粉末のかさ比重に対して1.3倍になるまで微粉砕および分級を繰り返し、緑葉末B1.4kgを得た。この時、緑葉末Bのかさ比重は、0.40g/cmであった。なお、分級により除去された微粉末を回収し、微粉末bとした。さらに、かさ比重が微粉末Aのかさ比重の1.5倍になるまで微粉砕および分級を繰り返し、緑葉末C0.5kgを得た。この時、緑葉末Cのかさ比重は、0.46g/cmであった。なお、分級により除去された微粉末を回収し、微粉末cとした。
【0046】
得られた緑葉末Bについて、かさ比重および食物繊維含量を測定した。さらに、便秘改善効果、食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果、およびSOD活性増強効果について評価した。
【0047】
かさ比重は、粉・粉体測定機器(筒井理化学機器株式会社製)を用いて測定した。食物繊維含量は、Prosky変法によって測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0048】
便秘改善効果を以下のようにして評価した。まず、排便の無い日が1週間に少なくとも1日存在する、健康な成人60人を被験者とし、1群10人の被験者に3gの緑葉末Bを水200mlに懸濁した懸濁液を1日2回、2週間摂取した。なお、水のみを摂取させた1群を対照試験区とした。
【0049】
各被験者に対して、各緑葉末または各微粉末の服用期間中の排便回数を調査し、総排便回数により、便秘改善効果を評価した。結果を図1に示す。
【0050】
食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果は、以下のようにして評価した。1群5人のボランティアの健常者それぞれに全く同じ食事を摂取し、食後直ちに3gの緑葉末Bを100mlの水に添加した懸濁液を摂取した。食後30分間隔で採血し、血糖値を小型血糖測定機(グルテストエースGT−1640、株式会社三和化学研究所)で測定し、食前の血糖値との差を求めた。結果を表2に示す。表2の値は、それぞれ5人の平均値を示す。
【0051】
SOD活性増強効果を以下のようにして評価した。1群5匹の7週令ラットに、体重1kgに対して750mgの緑葉末Bを14日間、経口投与した。また、対照例として5匹の7週令ラットを未投与で投与群と同様に14日間飼育した。
【0052】
最終投与後、12時間絶食し、四塩化炭素:オリーブオイル=1:1の混合物を4ml/kg体重で腹腔内投与した。24時間後、ラットを解剖して肝臓を取り出し、ミトコンドリア画分におけるSOD活性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。なお、表3の値は各群の平均値を示す。
【0053】
(実施例2)
緑葉末Bの代わりに実施例1で得られた緑葉末Cを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にかさ比重および食物繊維含量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。さらに、実施例1と同様に便秘改善効果、食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果、およびSOD活性増強効果について評価した。結果を図1、ならびに表2および3に併せて示す。
【0054】
(比較例1〜3)
緑葉末Bの代わりに実施例1で得られた微粉末A、b、およびcをそれぞれ用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にかさ比重および食物繊維含量を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。さらに、実施例1と同様に便秘改善効果、食後の血糖値上昇抑制効果、およびSOD活性増強効果について評価した。結果を図1、ならびに表2および3に併せて示す。
【0055】
【表1】

Figure 2004159548
【0056】
表1からわかるように、実施例の緑葉末は、単に微粉砕した微粉末に比べて、粉砕および分級を重ねることで、かさ比重が増し、高い食物繊維含量を有することが分かる。
【0057】
図1の結果から、実施例の緑葉末BおよびCにおいて、便秘改善効果がみられた。さらに、その効果は、緑葉末のかさ比重が増加するに従い、向上することがわかる。
【0058】
【表2】
Figure 2004159548
【0059】
表2から、緑葉末BおよびCは、食後血糖値の上昇抑制効果を有することがわかる。なお、健常者の空腹時の血糖値は、平均で88.2mg/dlであり、食後0.5時間での血糖値は、微粉末Aを摂取した健常者で、平均で130.5mg/dlであった。本発明の緑葉末には、食後血糖値の上昇抑制効果の他にも、コレステロールの吸収抑制などの効果が期待される。
【0060】
【表3】
Figure 2004159548
【0061】
表3の結果から、緑葉末または微粉末を投与した群が、未投与群(対照例)に比べ、肝臓中のSOD活性が上昇していることが分かる。この結果から、本発明によって得られる緑葉末は、緑葉と同程度のSOD活性増強効果を有していることがわかる。
【0062】
(実施例3)
脱水した大麦若葉の代わりに100kgのケールを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に一次乾燥、二次乾燥、粗粉砕、加圧蒸気殺菌を行った。その後、平均粒径が100μm以下となるようにハンマーミルを用いて微粉砕し、ケールの微粉末Dを得た。微粉末Dの平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置LMS−300(株式会社セイシン企業)で確認した。得られた微粉末Dのかさ比重を測定した所、0.32g/cmであった。次いで、これらの微粉末を気流式分級機(株式会社奈良製作所)に投入し、微粉末の全重量の5重量%が除去できるように設定し、分級を行った。分級後、微粉末のかさ比重を測定した。得られたかさ比重がケールの微粉末Dのかさ比重に対して1.3倍になるまで微粉砕および分級を繰り返し、ケールの緑葉末Eを得た。この緑葉末E中の食物繊維含量を微粉末D中の食物繊維含量と比較したところ、1.3倍(57.4重量%)であった。
【0063】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、従来の緑葉の乾燥粉末に比べて食物繊維含量が高く、さらに、緑葉が有する効果と同様の効果を発揮する緑葉末が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の大麦若葉の緑葉末または比較例の大麦若葉の微粉末を2週間摂取させた被験者の総排便回数の出現率を示すグラフである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a dry powder of green leaves (green leaf powder). More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing green leaf powder having a high dietary fiber content while retaining the effects of green leaves.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Green leaf powder currently on the market contains vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and the like, and is known to have effects such as adsorption of harmful substances and improvement of the intestinal environment. For example, dried powder of young wheat leaves, in addition to these effects, has the effects of suppressing cholesterol absorption, preventing a sharp rise in blood glucose after eating, and activating superoxide dismutase (SOD). It is getting attention. In order to effectively utilize the effects of such natural green leaves, it is particularly important to use green leaf powder containing more dietary fiber.
[0003]
At present, many methods for producing green leaf powder are known (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). However, these green leaf powders are merely pulverized and processed while preventing denaturation and discoloration of the green leaves, and the components of the raw materials are not sufficiently used.
[0004]
Furthermore, a method for producing dietary fiber has been proposed in which dietary fiber is recovered from the squeezed green leaves or extracted using enzymatic decomposition or the like (for example, Patent Documents 5 and 6). However, they merely extract dietary fiber, lack other useful nutrients obtained when ingesting green leaves, and have problems in that the treatment is costly and troublesome.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2544302 [Patent Document 2]
JP 60-192566 A [Patent Document 3]
JP 9-271347 A [Patent Document 4]
JP 2002-247948 A [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent No. 2790169 [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent No. 2938471 [Patent Document 7]
JP-A-5-276868
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, a green leaf powder that exhibits the same effect as a green leaf more easily and has a higher dietary fiber content is desired.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on green leaf powder having even more excellent functions without losing the active ingredient of the green leaf, and by crushing and classifying the dried green leaf, the same effect as the green leaf has is exhibited. The present inventors have found that green leaf powder having a high dietary fiber content can be produced, and the present invention has been completed.
[0008]
The present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) a step of pulverizing the dried green leaves to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of 100 μm or less;
(2) a step of classifying the fine powder; and (3) a step of recovering green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.3 times or more the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder.
[0009]
In a preferred embodiment, the continuous steps (1) and (2) are repeated a plurality of times.
[0010]
In a more preferred embodiment, the collecting step (3) is a step of collecting green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.5 times or more the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder.
[0011]
In a further preferred embodiment, the dried green leaves are green leaves which have been dried at a drying temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. until the water content is below 25% by weight.
[0012]
In a further preferred embodiment, the dried green leaf is a dried green leaf of a gramineous plant.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Green leaves used in the present invention include, for example, grasses such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, rice, leeks, millet, millet, cruciferous plants such as cabbage, broccoli, kale, asteraceae, and Labiatae But not limited thereto. Preferably, it is a green leaf of a gramineous plant.
[0014]
The green leaves of the gramineous plants are preferably young leaves harvested before the maturation stage, that is, from the beginning of tillering to the early stage of heading (height is about 20 to 40 cm). Can be
[0015]
These green leaves are preferably processed immediately after harvesting. If processing takes time, the leaves may be stored by storage means commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as cold storage, in order to prevent deterioration of the green leaves.
[0016]
The green leaves are washed with water (preferably cold water of 25 ° C. or lower) as necessary, to wash off mud and the like, drain the water, and then cut to an appropriate length (for example, 2 cm to 10 cm).
[0017]
Furthermore, these green leaves may be subjected to a blanching process for the purpose of retaining color. The blanching treatment can be performed by immersing the green leaves in a blanching treatment solution to which calcined calcium is added, and performing a heat treatment for an appropriate time (for example, several minutes). This blanching treatment can prevent the fading of green leaves by inactivating enzymes involved in color alteration.
[0018]
As calcined calcium, those derived from natural products are preferable, and for example, eggshell calcium, sea urchin shell, shell calcium, coral calcium and the like are used. Preferably, it is eggshell calcium.
[0019]
The main component of calcined calcium is calcium oxide, and when used in a large amount, shows high alkalinity. The treatment under such a strong alkaline condition not only cannot maintain the vivid green color of the green leaves, but also softens and destroys the plant cell tissue and impairs the flavor (for example, Patent Document 7). Therefore, it is preferable to perform the blanching treatment solution within a pH range of 7.1 to 8.5.
[0020]
The amount of the green leaves to be blanched is 30 to 300 kg, preferably 25 to 250 kg, more preferably 20 to 200 kg per 1000 L of the blanching solution.
[0021]
The temperature and time of the blanching treatment may be determined depending on the amount and pH of the green leaf to be treated. In the range of the amount of green leaves and the pH, the treatment temperature is preferably from 80 to 100C, more preferably from 90 to 100C, even more preferably from 92 to 98C. The processing time may be appropriately set depending on the processing temperature, but is preferably from 60 to 180 seconds, more preferably from 70 to 160 seconds, and still more preferably from 80 to 150 seconds. It is preferable that the higher the pH, the shorter the processing time.
[0022]
It is preferred that the blanched green leaves be cooled immediately in order to maintain the green color and flavor. Cooling can be performed by means commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as immersion in cooling water or rapid cooling by applying cool air. For example, when immersing in cooling water, it can be performed using water at 30 ° C. or lower, preferably water at 20 ° C. or lower. The lower the temperature of the cold water, the greener the green leaves, and the more beautiful the appearance. The immersion time is an arbitrary time according to the processing amount of the green leaf.
[0023]
Next, the green leaves are dried. The drying is performed so that the water content in the green leaves is 25% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less.
[0024]
Prior to drying, it is preferable to remove water and the like attached to the green leaves in advance by dehydration or the like. By dehydrating before drying, it is possible to eliminate unevenness and burning during drying. The dehydration can be performed using a dehydration device such as a centrifuge. In the case of dehydration by centrifugation, green leaves may be entangled. Therefore, it is preferable to loosen the green leaves after dehydration.
[0025]
The drying method can be performed by, for example, hot-air drying, high-pressure steam drying, electromagnetic wave drying, freeze drying, or the like. Hot air drying is most preferable in terms of manufacturing cost.
[0026]
Drying can be performed at a temperature of 60C to 90C, preferably 60C to 80C. If the temperature is lower than 60 ° C., the drying rate is low. In particular, the dried green leaf dried at the above temperature and having a moisture content of 25% by weight or less can maintain its flavor and nutritional value for a long time, and as a result, can obtain good green leaf powder.
[0027]
Drying may be further performed by a two-stage method provided with a temperature difference. Drying in two stages shortens the drying time while maintaining the green color and flavor of the green leaves. When drying is performed in two stages, the water content in the dried green leaves is preferably 5% by weight or less. Further, the temperature difference between the primary drying temperature and the secondary drying temperature is preferably about 5 to 15 ° C, and more preferably about 10 ° C. By setting the temperature difference within a certain range in this manner, the moisture management in the drying process is facilitated, and drying can be performed efficiently.
[0028]
Therefore, the two-stage drying can be performed, for example, as follows. First, primary drying is performed at a drying temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. to make the water content higher than 5% by weight and 25% by weight or less. Next, by performing secondary drying at a drying temperature higher than the primary drying and at 90 ° C. or lower, dried green leaves having a water content of 5% by weight or less can be obtained.
[0029]
The obtained dried green leaves are finely pulverized and classified to obtain green leaf powder. Before finely pulverizing the dried green leaves, it is preferable to coarsely pulverize the dry powder in advance to about 0.1 mm to 10 mm. Milling can be performed by machines or tools commonly used by those skilled in the art, for example, crushers, mills, blenders, millstones, and the like.
[0030]
Prior to milling, the dried or coarsely ground dried green leaves can be sterilized as needed. The sterilization method can be performed by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as high-pressure sterilization, heat sterilization, and pressurized steam sterilization. Pressurized steam sterilization is preferred.
[0031]
The fine pulverization is preferably performed using a dry pulverizer such as a hammer mill, a ball mill, and a roller mill. By using these devices, fine powder having fine particles can be obtained. Preferably, it is a hammer mill.
[0032]
The pulverization is performed under the condition that the average particle size of the fine powder is 100 μm or less. Preferably it is 75 μm or less. The average particle size of the fine powder can be measured by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device, an ultracentrifugal automatic particle size distribution measuring device, and an electric resistance type particle size distribution measuring device. Preferably, it is a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device.
[0033]
Next, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder of the dried green leaves is measured. The bulk specific gravity refers to the weight per volume of the fine powder, that is, the apparent specific gravity.After filling the fine powder into a container having a constant internal volume and measuring the weight, the obtained weight is compared with the weight of the container. It is obtained by calculating the value obtained by dividing the difference by the internal volume of the container. For these measurements, a powder bulk density measuring device or a powder / powder characteristic measuring device conforming to a standard such as JIS K-6721 is used. For example, a powder / powder measuring device manufactured by Tsutsui Chemical Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd. Is used. It is preferred bulk density of the fine powder of young leaves of barley obtained by the above milling is 0.2g / cm 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 .
[0034]
Classification is performed using a dry classifier or a specific gravity classifier, and by preferentially removing powder having a low bulk specific gravity, green leaves having a desired bulk specific gravity based on the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder obtained before classification are used. Get the end. Classification conditions may be appropriately set depending on the weight of the fine powder to be removed or the capacity of the classifier. For example, when the fine powder of barley young leaves is classified by an air-flow classifier, preferably 5% by weight, more preferably 10% by weight, and still more preferably 15% by weight, based on the weight of the fine powder, is classified once. The classification conditions are set so that they can be removed. By repeating such classification, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder can be increased, and green leaf powder can be obtained. When the capacity of the classifier is high, 50% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight, based on the weight of the fine powder before classification may be removed at a time.
[0035]
When the bulk specific gravity of the powder obtained by classification does not reach the above bulk specific gravity, the fine powder collected above may be further finely pulverized before performing the next classification. That is, fine pulverization and classification may be repeatedly performed. In the case of the fine powder having less than the desired bulk specific gravity, a portion having a large bulk specific gravity and a portion having a small bulk specific gravity are localized, and the apparent bulk specific gravity may be small as a whole. By further pulverizing such a fine powder and removing the fine powder having a low bulk specific gravity under the same classification conditions as above, green leaf powder having a high bulk specific gravity can be recovered.
[0036]
In the method of the present invention, green leaf powder whose bulk specific gravity is 1.3 times or more the bulk specific gravity of the original fine powder of dried green leaves is collected. The bulk specific gravity is preferably 1.5 times or more, more preferably 2 times or more. As the bulk density increases, the resulting green leaf powder has a higher dietary fiber content.
[0037]
The obtained green leaf powder can be sterilized as needed. The sterilization method can be performed by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as high-pressure sterilization, heat sterilization, and pressurized steam sterilization. Pressurized steam sterilization is preferred.
[0038]
The green leaf powder obtained according to the present invention has a high dietary fiber content. For example, it may contain 1.2 times or more, preferably 1.5 times or more, of dietary fiber than the fine powder of dried green leaves.
[0039]
The green leaf powder obtained by the present invention has a high dietary fiber content as compared with normal green leaf powder, so it has a high effect on harmful substance adsorption and improvement of the intestinal environment, and further has an effect originally possessed by green leaves obtain. For example, green leaf powder obtained from young wheat leaves may have an effect of suppressing cholesterol absorption, an effect of preventing a sharp rise in blood glucose level after eating, and an effect of activating superoxide dismutase (SOD).
[0040]
These green leaf powders can be used for food and drink as they are, but are mixed with excipients, extenders, binders, thickeners, emulsifiers, coloring agents, flavors, food additives, seasonings, etc., depending on the application. And into granules, tablets and the like. Furthermore, it can be provided for eating and drinking after being mixed with various foods and drinks. For example, royal jelly, vitamins, protein, calcium, chitosan, lecithin and the like are added, and a sugar solution and a seasoning are added to adjust the taste. These are formed into capsules such as hard capsules and soft capsules, tablets, or pills as required, or into powder, granule, tea, tea bag, or candy forms. Depending on their shape or taste, they may be eaten as they are, or may be dissolved in water, hot water, milk or the like and drunk. In the case of a tea bag or the like, the ingredients may be leached before drinking.
[0041]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. However, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited by the examples.
[0042]
(Example 1)
The young leaves of Nijo barley that had been cut to a height of about 30 cm were washed with water to remove attached mud and the like. This young barley leaf is cut into about 10 cm, and 100 kg thereof is put into a blanching treatment solution adjusted to pH 8.0 with 1000 L of baked eggshell calcium, immersed, and heated at 90 to 95 ° C. for 3 minutes (blanching treatment). )did. The blanched barley leaves were immediately immersed in cooling water at about 20 ° C. for 5 minutes and cooled. Subsequently, the cooled young barley leaves were centrifuged for 30 seconds to dehydrate.
[0043]
The dehydrated barley young leaves were dried with hot air (primary drying) at 70 ° C. for 2 hours in a dryer so that the water content was about 20% by weight. Next, hot-air drying (secondary drying) was performed at 80 ° C. for 4 hours so that the final water content of the young barley leaves was 3% by weight.
[0044]
The obtained dried green leaves are roughly pulverized to a size of about 5 mm using a cutter, sterilized by steam under pressure, and further finely pulverized using a hammer mill so that the average particle size becomes 75 μm or less. 10 kg of fine powder A was obtained. The average particle size of the fine powder A was confirmed by a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution analyzer LMS-300 (Seishin Corporation). When the bulk specific gravity of the obtained fine powder A was measured using a powder / powder measuring instrument (manufactured by Tsutsui Chemical Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd.), it was 0.30 g / cm 3 .
[0045]
Next, these fine powders were introduced into an airflow classifier (Nara Seisakusho), and set so that 10% by weight of the total weight of the fine powders could be removed, and classified. After classification, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder was measured. Fine pulverization and classification were repeated until the obtained bulk specific gravity became 1.3 times the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder, to obtain 1.4 kg of green leaf powder B. At this time, the bulk specific gravity of the green leaf powder B was 0.40 g / cm 3 . In addition, the fine powder removed by classification was collected and was referred to as fine powder b. Further, pulverization and classification were repeated until the bulk specific gravity became 1.5 times the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder A, to obtain 0.5 kg of green leaf powder C. At this time, the bulk specific gravity of the green leaf powder C was 0.46 g / cm 3 . In addition, the fine powder removed by classification was collected and was referred to as fine powder c.
[0046]
About the obtained green leaf powder B, the bulk specific gravity and the dietary fiber content were measured. Furthermore, the effect of improving constipation, the effect of suppressing a postprandial increase in blood sugar level, and the effect of enhancing SOD activity were evaluated.
[0047]
The bulk specific gravity was measured using a powder / powder measuring device (manufactured by Tsutsui Physical and Chemical Instruments). Dietary fiber content was measured by the modified Prosky method. Table 1 shows the results.
[0048]
The effect of improving constipation was evaluated as follows. First, 60 healthy adults having at least one day without defecation at least one day per week were tested, and a suspension of 3 g of green leaf powder B in 200 ml of water was subjected to 10 subjects per group for 1 day. Ingested twice for 2 weeks. One group in which only water was taken was set as a control test group.
[0049]
For each subject, the number of defecations during the period of taking each green leaf powder or each fine powder was investigated, and the constipation improving effect was evaluated based on the total number of defecations. The results are shown in FIG.
[0050]
The postprandial blood glucose elevation suppression effect was evaluated as follows. Five healthy volunteers in each group ingested exactly the same meal, and immediately after the meal, ingested a suspension obtained by adding 3 g of green leaf powder B to 100 ml of water. Blood was collected at intervals of 30 minutes after the meal, and the blood glucose level was measured with a small blood glucose meter (Glutest Ace GT-1640, Sanwa Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) to determine the difference from the blood glucose level before the meal. Table 2 shows the results. The values in Table 2 show the average values of five persons, respectively.
[0051]
The SOD activity enhancing effect was evaluated as follows. Five 7-week-old rats in a group were orally administered 750 mg of green leaf powder B per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. As a control, 5 7-week-old rats were bred for 14 days without administration, similarly to the administration group.
[0052]
After the final administration, the animals were fasted for 12 hours, and a mixture of carbon tetrachloride: olive oil = 1: 1 was intraperitoneally administered at 4 ml / kg body weight. Twenty-four hours later, the rat was dissected, the liver was removed, and the SOD activity in the mitochondrial fraction was measured. Table 3 shows the results. In addition, the value of Table 3 shows the average value of each group.
[0053]
(Example 2)
The bulk specific gravity and the dietary fiber content were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the green leaf powder C obtained in Example 1 was used instead of the green leaf powder B. The results are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the effects of improving constipation, suppressing the increase in blood glucose level after eating, and enhancing the SOD activity were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 1 and Tables 2 and 3.
[0054]
(Comparative Examples 1 to 3)
The bulk specific gravity and the dietary fiber content were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine powders A, b, and c obtained in Example 1 were used instead of the green leaf powder B. The results are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the effects of improving constipation, suppressing the increase in blood glucose level after eating, and enhancing the SOD activity were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 1 and Tables 2 and 3.
[0055]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004159548
[0056]
As can be seen from Table 1, it can be seen that the green leaf powder of the example has an increased bulk specific gravity and a high dietary fiber content by repeated pulverization and classification, compared to a finely pulverized fine powder.
[0057]
From the results of FIG. 1, the constipation improving effect was observed in the green leaf powders B and C of the example. Further, it can be seen that the effect is improved as the bulk specific gravity of the green leaf powder increases.
[0058]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004159548
[0059]
From Table 2, it can be seen that green leaf powders B and C have an effect of suppressing an increase in postprandial blood glucose level. The fasting blood sugar level of healthy subjects was 88.2 mg / dl on average, and the blood sugar level at 0.5 hours after meal was 130.5 mg / dl on average in healthy subjects who took fine powder A. Met. The green leaf powder of the present invention is expected to have effects such as suppression of cholesterol absorption in addition to the effect of suppressing postprandial increase in blood glucose level.
[0060]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004159548
[0061]
From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that the group to which the green leaf powder or the fine powder was administered had an increased SOD activity in the liver as compared to the non-administration group (control). From these results, it can be seen that the green leaf powder obtained by the present invention has the same degree of SOD activity enhancing effect as green leaves.
[0062]
(Example 3)
Primary drying, secondary drying, coarse pulverization, and pressurized steam sterilization were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 kg of kale was used instead of the dehydrated barley young leaves. Thereafter, the resultant was finely pulverized using a hammer mill so that the average particle size became 100 μm or less, to obtain fine kale powder D. The average particle size of the fine powder D was confirmed with a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution analyzer LMS-300 (Seishin Co., Ltd.). When the bulk specific gravity of the obtained fine powder D was measured, it was 0.32 g / cm 3 . Next, these fine powders were introduced into an airflow classifier (Nara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), and set so that 5% by weight of the total weight of the fine powders could be removed, and classified. After classification, the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder was measured. Fine grinding and classification were repeated until the bulk specific gravity obtained was 1.3 times the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder D of kale, and a green leaf powder E of kale was obtained. When the dietary fiber content in the green leaf powder E was compared with the dietary fiber content in the fine powder D, it was 1.3 times (57.4% by weight).
[0063]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a green leaf powder which has a high dietary fiber content as compared with the conventional dry powder of green leaves and further exerts the same effect as that of green leaves.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the appearance rate of the total number of defecations of subjects who ingested the green powder of the young barley leaves of the present invention or the fine powder of the young barley leaves of the comparative example for 2 weeks.

Claims (5)

以下の工程:
(1)乾燥緑葉を微粉砕して平均粒径が100μm以下の微粉末を得る工程;
(2)該微粉末を分級する工程;および
(3)該微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.3倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を回収する工程
を含む、緑葉末の製造方法。
The following steps:
(1) a step of pulverizing the dried green leaves to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of 100 μm or less;
(2) a step of classifying the fine powder; and (3) a step of recovering green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.3 times or more the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder.
(1)および(2)の連続する工程が複数回繰り返して行なわれる、請求項1に記載の緑葉末の製造方法。The method for producing green leaf powder according to claim 1, wherein the continuous steps (1) and (2) are repeated a plurality of times. 前記(3)の回収工程が、前記微粉末のかさ比重に比べて1.5倍以上のかさ比重を有する緑葉末を回収する工程である、請求項1または2に記載の緑葉末の製造方法。The method for producing green leaf powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the collecting step (3) is a step of collecting green leaf powder having a bulk specific gravity of 1.5 times or more as compared with the bulk specific gravity of the fine powder. . 前記乾燥緑葉が、水分含量が25重量%以下となるまで60〜90℃の乾燥温度で乾燥した緑葉である、請求項1から3のいずれかの項に記載の製造方法。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dried green leaves are green leaves dried at a drying temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. until the water content becomes 25% by weight or less. 5. 前記乾燥緑葉が、イネ科植物の乾燥緑葉である、請求項1から4のいずれかの項に記載の製造方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dried green leaf is a dried green leaf of a gramineous plant.
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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015212279A (en) * 2004-10-26 2015-11-26 株式会社東洋新薬 Bowel movement improver comprising powder of wheat young leaves as active ingredient
JP2016059380A (en) * 2015-06-12 2016-04-25 株式会社東洋新薬 Green leaf powder for food and drink, and method for improving intake of food and drink
JP2020189886A (en) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-26 株式会社東洋新薬 Hyperglycemic inhibitor and intestinal function-controlling medicine

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JP2002218945A (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-06 Toyo Shinyaku:Kk Dietary fiber-containing food and method for forming the same and binder to be used for the method
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JPH01265868A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-23 Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd Dietary fiber product
JPH10165139A (en) * 1996-12-10 1998-06-23 Kumamoto Seifun Kk Production of vitamin k supplement composition for food and method for extracting vitamin k
JPH10323169A (en) * 1997-05-23 1998-12-08 Yaeyama Shokusan Kk Production of fine powder of dried chlorella and apparatus therefor
JPH11266823A (en) * 1998-03-19 1999-10-05 Matsuya Seifun Kk Production of green powder and food dye and food containing the green powder
JP2002065204A (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-05 Toyo Shinyaku:Kk Method for producing fine powder of green leaf of grass
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015212279A (en) * 2004-10-26 2015-11-26 株式会社東洋新薬 Bowel movement improver comprising powder of wheat young leaves as active ingredient
JP2016059380A (en) * 2015-06-12 2016-04-25 株式会社東洋新薬 Green leaf powder for food and drink, and method for improving intake of food and drink
JP2020189886A (en) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-26 株式会社東洋新薬 Hyperglycemic inhibitor and intestinal function-controlling medicine
JP7120660B2 (en) 2020-08-27 2022-08-17 株式会社東洋新薬 Blood sugar level increase inhibitor and antiflatulent agent

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