JP2003009812A - Wheat and barley young leaf powder, method for producing the same and food use - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide flavorful wheat and barley young leaf powder prepared in high productivity and giving no rough feeling when eaten, and to provide a food using the powder. SOLUTION: This wheat and barley young leaf powder has as the main body the mesophyll of wheat and barley young leaves, passes through a screen with an aperture of 150 μm and has a portion of >=50 wt.% passing through a screen with an aperture of 75 μm. The other objective method for producing the powder comprises steps of drying reaped wheat and barley young leaves, roughly crushing the resultant product, substantially removing leaf axes and leaf veins therefrom and pneumatically crushing a mesophyll crushed material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wheat barley leaf powder having a good texture and flavor, which is made from barley young leaves as a raw material and is mainly composed of a mesophyll portion substantially without containing leaf axis and vein portions thereof. , A method for producing the same, and a food containing the powder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order for humans to maintain and improve their health,
It is a basic practice to take nutrients of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals from a diet in a well-balanced manner, and in addition to these nutrients, the importance of taking dietary fiber has recently been emphasized. On the other hand, the dietary habits in Japan have recently become westernized, the intake of green foods such as grains and vegetables as staple foods has decreased, and the intake of animal foods has increased, which is called a lifestyle-related disease. It is said to lead to an increase in diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Decreased intake of vegetables leads to inadequate intake of vitamins, minerals and also dietary fiber. In addition, since the consumption of cereals is decreasing and the degree of refinement is increasing with the aim of improving the taste, cereals tend to be edible with reduced amounts of dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, etc. It's a problem. For example, wheat is 1 BC
It is a grain that has been used for food since about 5000 to 7000, and since then it has played an increasing role as food with the increase in population from about 3000 to 3500 BC.
Since ancient times, wheat was rich in vitamins and minerals because it was simply crushed and used for its whole grain, but in the 18th century, modern milling methods were established, and white flour became available. The content of these nutrients is decreasing.

[0004] For the purpose of compensating for the drawbacks of the modern diet and supplying nutrients of vegetables and cereals, especially micronutrients in a well-balanced manner, so-called green juice made from cabbage original kale or young barley leaf has been drunk. . Of these, kale has a peculiar blue odor and many people find it difficult to ingest it on a daily basis.By contrast, green juice of barley young leaves is said to be mild, and recently wheat young leaves are used as a raw material. What is said is also commercially available. The types of the products include young barley leaf extract, young barley leaf powder, and young wheat leaf powder.

Conventional wheat barley leaf powder is prepared by powdering whole grass of young leaves after cutting. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-
In Japanese Patent No. 2411176, after cutting, the washed young barley leaves are heat treated in a mixed solution containing salt and baking soda, and after cooling,
A method of dehydrating and drying, then finely crushing with a stone mill to obtain a powder, and sterilizing it to finish is disclosed. In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2000-300209 and 2001
-29041 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-57863 disclose wheat barley powder having an increased γ-aminobutyric acid content,
Young wheat leaf squeezed powders have been proposed, but these also use whole wheat young leaves.

[0006]

Among foods made from young barley leaves, the young leaf extract contains almost no dietary fiber due to its manufacturing method, and in the dissolved state of the extract, the preservability and distribution at room temperature are excellent. Special controls are needed to prevent corruption in sex. Liquid extracts can also be dried and powdered, but this powder has high hygroscopicity, and it is necessary to add excipients such as dextrin and starch to formulate it, so that it can be used as food in natural or natural state. Is limited to the nature that has a different taste.

[0007] On the other hand, the powdered young barley leaves are advantageous in that they can be ingested in their natural state without loss of essential nutrients. However, the powder obtained by the conventional manufacturing method has a bad tongue-melting texture and has a powdery flavor when edible, and is not satisfactory in terms of texture and flavor for daily eating. Hard to say. The reason for this is that young barley leaves are a material that is difficult to pulverize. Therefore, it is difficult to efficiently prepare, for example, a powder having a particle size of 150 μm or less so as not to give a feeling of roughness, and if the pulverizing time is lengthened, the powder is exposed to heat generated during the pulverizing time to cause deterioration in quality.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to use edible powder made from young barley leaves as a raw material, which has no resistance to the texture and flavor even if it is eaten on a daily basis, an industrially advantageous production method thereof, and the obtained powder. An object of the present invention is to provide a food containing young wheat powder.

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has reexamined the method for crushing young leaves of wheat and found that conventionally, seeds of wheat were grown to 30 to 50 cm. The whole grass was cut and subjected to crushing, and as a result, it was found that the degree of crushing varies depending on the part of the young leaves. Young barley leaves are morphologically composed of a leaf stem (straw) and a leaf derived from it. First, the leaf stem is manually removed, and only the leaf is sampled and crushed. Although it disappeared, it was not yet satisfactory in terms of texture. Then, when the leaf vein portion was further removed from the leaf portion and the obtained mesophyll portion was crushed, it was found that a powder having improved texture and flavor was obtained.

Based on these findings, the present invention has been completed by studying a method for obtaining fine powder of mesophyll by an industrially advantageous method. That is, the young barley leaf powder of the present invention is a powder mainly composed of mesophyll of the young barley leaf, the particle size of which is 150 μm or less, and the proportion of 75 μm or less is 50% by weight or more. To do. Further, the method for producing a young barley powder according to the present invention includes a step of drying the cut barley young leaves, a step of coarsely crushing, a step of substantially removing the leaf shaft portion and the veins, and air-flow crushing of the mesophyll crushed product. The particle size is 150 μm or less and 75 μm
It is characterized in that a fine powder having the following ratio of 50% by weight or more is obtained.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a food containing the above-mentioned young wheat powder. In the present invention, the cut off barley young leaves are dried to a water content of 5% or less, coarsely crushed, and a screen passing portion having an opening of 750 μm to 500 μm is collected to substantially remove the leaf shaft portion and the vein portion. It is possible to facilitate the preparation of fine powder mainly containing mesophyll by pulverizing the passing portion by air flow.

In the present invention, the fine powder having a particle size of 100 μm or less and a ratio of 75 μm or less of 50% by weight or more is prepared by the air flow pulverization, whereby the texture and flavor of the obtained powder are further improved. . The young barley powder obtained in the present invention is a fine powder having a particle size of 150 μm or less, which is substantially composed of mesophyll powder, and it can be said that there is almost no graininess when eaten as it is, and the flavor is also good. . Further, the processability into granules, tablets, etc. is improved, and the flavor and the like are not impaired even when added to other foods. Such finely powdered young wheat powder ends have not been found in the past.

In the present invention, when expressing the particle size of powder, it is 1
Fine powder of 50 μm or less is a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SK Laser Micron Sizer; Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.)
Shows the value measured using methanol as the medium liquid. On the other hand, in the case of powder having a particle size of more than 150 μm,
The value using a JIS standard sieve is shown.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The barleys referred to in the present invention are those which are commonly used as food such as barley, wheat, rye or oats. In particular, wheat is the main grain and is advantageously used because of its quality and easy supply. The young barley leaves are sowed after sowing after growing to about 5 to 50 cm, and the mesophyll part is obtained by removing the leaf shaft portion and the vein portion from the young leaves. Usually, in a young growth stage of about 5 to 20 cm, the leaf axis is not grown or its growth degree is small, and the veins of the leaf are not so hard, so that it is more suitable as a starting material, but in terms of yield, it is not advantageous. I can't say.

The wheat may be cultivated by either field cultivation or hydroponic cultivation. Generally, when trying to obtain a material of about 5 to 20 cm in a young growth stage,
Considering the function of the reaper, hydroponics is more advantageous. In field cultivation, a plant grown to a plant height of about 30 to 40 cm and harvested with a normal grass cutting machine can be used. The barley young leaf powder of the present invention is subjected to a step of drying the cut barley young leaves, a coarse crushing step, a step of removing the leaf shaft portion and the vein portion, and a stream powder step of the mesophyll crushed product,
The particle size is 150 μm or less and the ratio of 75 μm or less is 50
It is obtained by preparing a fine powder having a weight percentage of not less than.

The cut young barley leaves are washed with water to remove soil and foreign substances, and then subjected to a drying step. Here, the leaf axis and the leaves may be separated from the raw material young leaves, and mainly the leaf portion may be dried. At this stage, the leaf axis separation is not always necessary, and it can be separated together with the veins after the coarse crushing step, so it should be carried out appropriately depending on the type and degree of growth of the young barley leaves used as raw materials. do it. In this drying step, the water content is less than 10%, preferably 5%
Implement as follows. By setting this water content, it is possible to efficiently pulverize to a desired particle size in the subsequent coarse pulverization step and fine pulverization step. The drying method is not particularly limited, and may be carried out, for example, in a normal hot air type shelf dryer at a temperature of about 90 to 100 ° C., and sun drying may be used in combination.

The dried product is subjected to the following coarse crushing step. This coarse pulverization has the main purpose of (1) separating the mesophyll part from the leaf axis and veins, and further (2) the mesophyll part is easily pulverized to a desired fine powder in the subsequent air flow pulverization step. It also has the purpose of pre-milling so that Various types of crushers such as pin type and impact type can be used for coarse crushing, and usually a pin mill or atomizer mill is industrially easy to use. A pin mill is suitable for the purpose of the above (1), and the mesophyll portion is separated from the leaf shaft and the veins of the leaf by, for example, introducing the dried product into a winged mixer and rotating and pulverizing at 100 to 1000 rpm for 5 to 30 minutes. Be crushed into smaller pieces. Due to the pulverization at this time, the mesophyll portion mainly has openings of 750 μm to 500 μm.
It is milled to pass through a μm screen and the leaf shank and veins are not so finely milled.

Next, the leaf shank and leaf veins are substantially removed from the coarsely pulverized product. This removal step, as described above, because the mesophyll portion is separated and finely crushed,
Sieve separation is suitable, but flotation may also be applied. Thus, a coarsely pulverized product of the mesophyll portion is obtained, but it is acceptable that a relatively small amount of the leaf shaft portion and the vein portion, which are relatively easily pulverized, are mixed in. The coarsely pulverized product of the above-mentioned mesophyll may be immediately subjected to the next air flow pulverization step, but it is more advantageous to further perform the coarse pulverization to reduce the particle size and then perform the air flow pulverization. For example, the grain size is 200-500μ
After roughly crushing so that it can pass through the m screen,
By advancing to air flow pulverization, fine powder which is a final product with good quality and short pulverization time can be obtained.
The use of an atomizer mill is suitable for this second coarse grinding.

The above-mentioned air flow pulverization is carried out by using a whirling air flow type jet mill or a pulverizer in which this is combined with a high speed moving body collision pulverization mechanism. Jet pulverization is a fine pulverizer that uses supersonic fluid energy and has no moving parts at all, and is produced by collision of pulverization raw materials with a high-speed air flow, and does not generate heat at all during pulverization. Applicable. This fine milling, as described above,
The particle size of the resulting fine powder is 150 μm or less and 75 μm
It is carried out so that the following powder ratio is 50% by weight or more. The degree of fine crushing is 100μm or less and 75μ
If the proportion of m or less is 80% by weight or more, the quality becomes more preferable. At this time, 50 cumulative% is 5 to 30 μm.
It will be about.

The wheat barley leaf powder produced according to the present invention is a raw material 10
Powder, granules or tablet type with 0% or some processing aid (within 5%) can be eaten as it is. The powder or granules can be suspended and eaten in water, milk, juice or the like. In order to adjust the taste, the compounding of young barley powder is not particularly limited, but powdery, granular, or tablet type foods (tablet confectionery), for example, containing about 1 to 95% by weight can be produced. Also, bread, noodles,
It can be eaten after mixing an appropriate amount with pasta and other foods.

[0021]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Comparative Examples and Examples below. Comparative Example 1 Wheat was sown in a field, and when it was grown to 30 to 35 cm, it was mowed with a lower portion of about 10 cm left, and then leaves and leaf axes were separated. Next, it was washed with water to remove soil and foreign matter, and dried by a hot air shelf dryer at 90 to 100 ° C.
The dried young leaves were lightly rotated with a mixer to separate a mesophyll part and a vein part. The mesophyll portion was pulverized by a pulverizer (atomizer) to obtain a powder having 90% by weight of a portion having passed through the screen having an opening of 500 μm and 48% by weight having not passed through the screen having an opening of 300 μm. This is designated as Comparative Powder 1-1.

The powder was further passed through various screens in an air flow crusher (horizontal jet mill STJ; Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.) to prepare powders having various particle sizes. Comparative powder 1-2: In the above, a powder was similarly prepared by passing through a screen having an opening of 300 μm. Comparative powder 1-3: In the above, a powder was similarly prepared by passing through a screen having an opening of 212 μm.

Comparative powder 1-4: In the above, the particle size is 1
50% by weight or less and 50% by weight or less of 75 μm
It was prepared to contain the above. 3 g of each comparative powder obtained above was suspended in 80 ml of water, and the texture, tongue dissolution, and flavor were tested, and the powder obtained in Example 1 described below was also tested. The results are shown in Table 1.
Shown in.

[0024]

[Table 1]

Comparative Example 2 When wheat was sown and grown to 30 to 35 cm,
The leaves and leaf axes were not separated after mowing with the bottom 10 cm left. Next, it was washed with water to remove soil and foreign matter, and dried by a hot air shelf dryer at 90 to 100 ° C. The dried young leaves are crushed with a crusher (atomizer) as they are, and 90% by weight of the amount of the particles passing through the screen with an opening of 500 μm
Thus, a coarse powder having an opening of 300 μm and not passing through the screen of 40% by weight was obtained.

This coarse powder was further adjusted with an air flow pulverizer using various screens to obtain powder having various particle sizes similar to those of Comparative Example 1. Here, there was a problem in processing time and processing amount to pass through a 150 μm screen or to obtain a powder finer than 150 μm or less by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus, which was not industrial. This was tested for texture and flavor by the same method as in Comparative Example 1. As a result, even with the powder having a particle size of 100 μm or less, the texture on the tongue and the dissolution of the tongue were poor, and the texture and flavor were remarkably bad. From these results, it was found that the texture and flavor could not be improved even with the fine powder without removing the leaf axis and vein.

Next, a panel of 30 people suspended 3 g of powdered wheat leaf powder in 80 ml of water and tasted it as a food.
Selection was made from among the evaluation items of suitable young leaf powder, inappropriate young leaf powder, and young leaf powder with a delicious and flavorful young leaf powder. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0028]

[Table 2]

Example 1 Wheat was sown, and when it was grown to 30 to 35 cm,
The leaves and the leaf axes were separated after cutting the leaves, leaving about 10 cm below. Next, wash with water to remove soil and foreign matter,
It was dried with a hot air shelf dryer at 100 ° C. The dried young leaves were lightly rotated with a mixer to separate a mesophyll part and a vein part. The mesophyll is crushed with a crusher (atomizer), and 90% by weight passes through a screen with an opening of 500 μm.
Thus, a coarse powder having an opening of 300 μm and not passing through a screen of 48% by weight was obtained.

This coarse powder is further finely pulverized by an air flow pulverizer (horizontal jet mill STJ; Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.) to have a particle size of 100 μm or less and a ratio of 50 μm or less of 80% by weight or more (particle size range). : 2 to 65 μm, 50
Wheat young leaf powder with a cumulative% of 13.45 μm) was obtained. Example 2 Barley seeds are sown on a plate-shaped urethane bed, and a small amount of water or liquid fertilizer for growing plants is added thereto, and hydroponics is carried out for 5 to 20c.
It was grown to about m. When this is harvested, barley young leaves containing no leaf axis can be obtained. The young leaves in this growth stage have soft veins and can be used as they are, but they are washed with water to remove soil and foreign substances, dried in a hot air tray dryer at 90 to 100 ° C, and lightly rotated with a mixer to remove the mesophyll and veins. The parts were separated. The mesophyll portion was crushed with a crusher (atomizer) to obtain a coarse powder in which 48% by weight of the unpassed portion of the screen having an opening of 300 μm and 90% by weight of the passing portion of the screen having an opening of 500 μm were obtained.

This coarse powder is further finely pulverized by an air flow pulverizer to obtain a particle size of 50 μm or less (particle size range: 1 to 50 μm).
m, 50 cumulative% 8.31 μm) was obtained. Example 3 Wheat was sown, and when it was grown to 30 to 35 cm,
The bottom 10 cm was cut off and washed with water to remove soil and foreign matter. This was dried with a hot air type shelf dryer at 90 to 100 ° C. The dried young leaves were lightly rotated with a mixer to separate the mesophyll portion from the leaf axis / vein vein portion. The mesophyll part is
It is crushed by a crusher (atomizer), and the unpassed portion of the screen with an opening of 300 μm is 48% by weight.
As a result, a crude powder having a content of 90% by weight passed through the screen was obtained.

The coarse powder was further finely pulverized with an air flow pulverizer to obtain wheat wheat leaf powder having a particle size of 100 μm or less and a proportion of 75 μm or less of 86% by weight. Example 4 The young wheat leaf powder produced in Example 1 was granulated using a small amount of xanthan gum. This was packaged in 3 g portions to produce drink granules. Example 5 The barley young leaf powder produced in Example 2 was mixed with the following formulation to prepare granules for powder drink.

Barley young leaf powder 50% Lactose oligosaccharides 15% Lactose 32% Apple flavor 3% Example 6 The wheat young leaf powder produced in Example 1 was used to produce a tablet confection.

Wheat young leaf powder 50% Maltitol 20% Cellulose 25% Sucrose fatty acid ester 5% Example 7 120 g flour, wheat young leaf powder (obtained in Example 1)
8g, sugar 35g, shortening 15g, whole egg powder 1.
Using 5 g, salt 1 g, sodium hydrogen carbonate 0.6 g, ammonia carbonate 0.75 g, and water 20 g, a dough was prepared by a conventional method, molded and roasted to produce a biscuit.

Example 8 Wheat flour 3 kg, Wheat young leaf powder (obtained in Example 2) 1
80 g, yeast 60 g, yeast food 3 g, sugar 1
Using 50 g, 60 g of salt, 150 g of shortening, 60 g of skim milk powder, and 2070 g of water, a dough was prepared by a conventional method, molded and baked to produce bread. Example 9 1% by weight of barley green powder powder (obtained in Example 2), 34% by weight of water, 1% by weight of salt and 1% by weight of starch were added to semi-strong wheat flour. Was kneaded for 12 minutes and then rolled and formed several times with a noodle machine to obtain raw noodle bands and raw noodle strings of Chinese noodles.

[0036]

The wheat barley powder of the present invention has a particle size of 150 μm or less and is 75 μm or less by substantially removing leaf axes and veins and finely pulverizing the mesophyll as a main component.
The proportion of μm or less is 50% by weight or more. This young leaf powder has a good tongue meltability and does not have a rough feeling, and has a significantly improved texture and flavor, and can be directly eaten or used in various fields as a raw material for processing beverages and other various foods. it can.

When the present wheat barley leaf powder was mixed with other raw materials, it was difficult to uniformly mix the conventional barley leaf powder due to the difference in specific gravity and the like, but the powder of the present invention was uniformly mixed with other materials. It can be mixed, and for example, in the case of producing granules or tablet confectionery, workability and processability are improved, and a product having a uniform finish and a high commercial value can be obtained. The method for producing this wheat barley leaf powder is characterized by undergoing the steps of drying barley young leaves, coarse pulverization, sieving, and air pulverization of the sieved product, and efficiently processes the leaf shaft portion and leaf vein portion. Since it can be removed and the mesophyll portion is uniformly finely pulverized, the above-mentioned young barley powder can be obtained with high productivity.

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Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A young wheat powder having a grain size of 150 μm or less and a proportion of 75 μm or less of 50% by weight or more, which powder is mainly composed of mesophyll of a young barley leaf. 2. The particle size is 100 μm or less and 75 μm
The wheat barley leaf powder according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of m or less is 50% by weight or more. 3. The grain size of the cut young barley leaves is subjected to a step of drying, a step of roughly crushing, a step of substantially removing the leaf shaft portion and a vein portion, and a step of air-flow crushing the roughly crushed mesophyll. 1
A method for producing wheat barley leaf powder, which comprises preparing a fine powder having a proportion of 50 μm or less and 75 μm or less of 50% by weight or more. 4. The cut young barley leaves are dried to a water content of 5% or less, and the mesh size is 750 μm to 500 in the coarse crushing step.
The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein a portion passing through the screen of μm is collected and subjected to an airflow pulverizing step. 5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the fine powder having a particle size of 100 μm or less and a particle size of 75 μm or less is 50% by weight or more by subjecting to the airflow pulverization. 6. A food containing the wheat barley leaf powder according to claim 1 or 2.