JP4180819B2 - Lead-acid battery charging method - Google Patents
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- JP4180819B2 JP4180819B2 JP2001363334A JP2001363334A JP4180819B2 JP 4180819 B2 JP4180819 B2 JP 4180819B2 JP 2001363334 A JP2001363334 A JP 2001363334A JP 2001363334 A JP2001363334 A JP 2001363334A JP 4180819 B2 JP4180819 B2 JP 4180819B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉛蓄電池の充電方法に関し、特に、自動車に搭載されて、エンジン始動、ライト点灯、さらには、カーナビゲーション等の車両用電子装置（電子負荷）の電源として好適に用いられる鉛蓄電池の充電方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
自動車には、エンジンの始動、ライトの点灯等のために、２次電池である鉛蓄電池が搭載されている。鉛蓄電池は、正極活物質に二酸化鉛（ＰｂＯ2）、負極活物質に海綿状鉛（Ｐｂ）、電解液に希硫酸（Ｈ2ＳＯ4）が用いられており、通常、走行時に、オルタネーターと称される全波整流三相交流発電機によって、ＳＯＣ（State Of Charge：充電状態）がほぼ１００％になるように、一定の充電電圧によって充電されるようになっている。
【０００３】
近年では、エアーコンディショナー、カーナビゲーション等が自動車に搭載されることによって鉛蓄電池の負荷が増大している。このような負荷の増大に対処するために、および、自動車の燃費の向上を考慮して、例えば、車両の減速時に生じる回生エネルギーを鉛蓄電池に充電してエネルギーを有効利用するシステムが提案されている。また、車両の走行が停止された場合にエンジンを停止させるアイドルストップシステムにおいて、アイドルストップ時に、鉛蓄電池から、車両に搭載されたエアーコンディショナー、カーステレオ、カーナビゲーション等の電子負荷に対して電力を供給するシステム、アイドルストップ後のエンジンの再始動と共に鉛蓄電池によりモーター駆動による走行アシストを行うシステム等も提案されている。
【０００４】
これらのシステムにおいて、鉛蓄電池に対して回生エネルギーによって充電する場合には、蓄電池のＳＯＣが１００％未満の部分充電状態になるようにする必要がある。
【０００５】
すなわち、鉛蓄電池を小さな電流によって、ＳＯＣが１００％以上の過充電状態になるまで充電すると、鉛蓄電池では、正極格子と正極活物質との界面に硫酸鉛の不動態が形成されて、早期に容量が低下するおそれがある。この場合には、充電生成物である正極の二酸化鉛、あるいは負極の海綿状鉛の粒子が粗くなって活物質の比表面積が減少し、これによっても、容量低下が起こりやすくなる。
【０００６】
また、前述したように、車両の走行停止時にエンジンを停止するアイドルストップ後のエンジンの再始動と共に、鉛蓄電池によってモーターを駆動して走行をアシストする場合には、電子負荷に対して電力供給を行っている鉛蓄電池の放電負荷が非常に大きくなり、鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣが大きく低下した状態になる。このようにＳＯＣが大きく低下した状態からＳＯＣが１００％になるように鉛蓄電池を充電するためには、大電流にて充電する必要があり、しかも、大電流での充電を頻繁に繰り返す必要がある。
【０００７】
しかしながら、鉛蓄電池を大きな電流でＳＯＣが１００％の過充電状態とするためには、充電時間が長く、充電効率が低下するおそれがある。しかも、このように、大電流での過充電を頻繁に繰り返すと、負極に放電生成物である硫酸鉛が蓄積して、鉛蓄電池の寿命が低下するおそれもある。
【０００８】
このように、鉛蓄電池を回生充電する場合には、ＳＯＣが１００％よりも低くなった部分充電状態とすることが好ましい。
【０００９】
特開平７−１１１１６２号公報には、充電電流が１ＣＡ以上であって充電電気量が放電電気量を上回らないような充放電サイクルにおいて、２００サイクル以内に１度の割合で、０．３ＣＡ以下の電流によって、実質的にＳＯＣが１００％となる過充電状態とする充電制御方法が提案されている。また、特開平７−１１１６３号公報には、１ＣＡ以上の充電電流によって、充放電サイクルにおいて、充電電圧が２．５±０．０５Ｖ／セルに達した時点で充電を打ち切るとともに、２００サイクル以内の充放電サイクルに１度の割合で、０．３ＣＡ以下の電流によって、実質的にＳＯＣが１００％になる過充電状態とする充電制御方法が提案されている。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようする課題】
これらの公報にて提案されている鉛蓄電池の充電制御方法によれば、充電および放電を繰り返す充放電サイクルでは、ＳＯＣが１００％未満に低く抑制されており、しかも、回生エネルギーによって充電しているために、正極および負極の活物質反応生成物である硫酸鉛の蓄積が生じて鉛蓄電池が劣化することは抑制される。また、充放電サイクルが２００サイクルに達するまでに、小電流によって過充電状態となるようにリフレッシュ充電しているために、充電が実施されないことにより正極板および負極板に蓄積される硫酸鉛によって充電効率が損なわれることも抑制される。
【００１１】
しかしながら、いずれの場合も、充放電サイクルが２００サイクルに達するまでにリフレッシュ充電が実施されて、鉛蓄電池をＳＯＣが１００％以上の過充電状態としているために、充電時間が長くなるという問題がある。充電時間が長くなると、充放電サイクルが制限されるために、回生エネルギーによる充電時間、アイドルストップ後の走行開始時におけるトルクアシスト等の時間が制限されるおそれがあり、その結果、自動車の燃費を改善することができなくなる。また、鉛蓄電池を過充電状態とするためのリフレッシュ充電の頻度が多くなると、充電エネルギーによって正極格子が腐食して電池寿命が低下するおそれもある。
【００１２】
本発明は、このような問題を解決するものであり、その目的は、過充電状態でない中間充電状態で充放電を繰り返す際に、短時間での効率のよいリフレッシュ充電によって、寿命が低下することを抑制することができる鉛蓄電池の充電方法を提供することにある。
【００１３】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法は、中間充電状態にある鉛蓄電池に対してリフレッシュ充電を行う鉛蓄電池の充電方法であって、前記中間充電状態は、前記鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣが所定の第１の値未満である状態であり、前記鉛蓄電池は、前記中間充電状態において充放電を繰り返し、前記リフレッシュ充電は、前記中間充電状態にある前記鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣが所定の第２の値に到達するまで行われ、前記所定の第２の値は、前記所定の第１の値以上１００％未満の値である。
好ましくは、前記所定の第１の値は、７０％未満の値であり、前記所定の第２の値は、７０％以上８５％以下の値である。
好ましくは、前記リフレッシュ充電は、定電圧充電によって実施され、前記リフレッシュ充電は、充電電流が前記所定の第２の値に対応した所定の充電電流に到達することによって停止される。
好ましくは、前記リフレッシュ充電は、２００サイクル以下の充放電サイクル毎に行われる。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
【００１８】
本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法は、自動車に搭載された鉛蓄電池を充電するために実施される。鉛蓄電池は、車両に搭載された各種電子負荷に対して電力を供給するようになっており、オルタネーターと称される全波整流三相交流発電機から供給される電力によって充電される。鉛蓄電池は、例えば、電圧１２Ｖ、１８Ａｈの弁制御式鉛蓄電池（ＶＲＬＡ：Valve Regulated Lead Aced Battery）であり、正極活物質に二酸化鉛（ＰｂＯ2）、負極活物質に海綿状鉛（Ｐｂ）、電解液に希硫酸（Ｈ2ＳＯ4）が用いられている。
【００１９】
このような鉛蓄電池は、例えば、ＳＯＣ（State Of Charge：充電状態）が７０％未満の中間充電状態（ＰＳＯＣ：Partial State Of Charge）で、回生エネルギーによる充電と、自動車に搭載された各種電子負荷等に対して電力を供給する放電とを繰り返すようになっている。そして、このような充放電サイクルが２００サイクル以下で、充放電サイクルが実施される中間充電状態のＳＯＣ７０％以上であって１００％未満のＳＯＣ、例えば、７０％〜８５％のＳＯＣとなるように、リフレッシュ充電が実施される。
【００２０】
リフレッシュ充電において、１００％よりも小さなＳＯＣになるように充電することにより、ＳＯＣを１００％とする過充電状態に充電する場合に比べて、充電時間は著しく短縮される。このように、リフレッシュ充電の充電時間が短縮されることにより、回生エネルギーの回収、あるいは、アイドルストップ後のエンジン始動時および走行時のトルクアシスト等の実施時間が制限されることが抑制される。また、過充電による正極格子の腐食、過充電による電解液減少による寿命低下も改善することができる。
【００２１】
さらに、このように短時間のリフレッシュ充電を、例えば、２００サイクル以下の充放電サイクル毎に実施することにより、充放電サイクルにおける放電によって生成した硫酸鉛が、リフレッシュ充電毎に、負極では鉛と、正極では二酸化鉛とされ、硫酸鉛の偏在化および固定化するおそれがなく、硫酸鉛の偏在化および固定化することによる内部抵抗の上昇、放電能力の低下および寿命の低下を抑制することができる。
【００２２】
次に、本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法におけるリフレッシュ充電の充電時間について説明する。まず、前述した制御弁式鉛蓄電池（ＶＲＬＡ：電圧１２Ｖ、５時間率容量１８Ａｈ）を、５時間率放電によって、ＳＯＣが５５％となったＰＳＯＣ（Partial State Of Charge：中間充電状態）に調整した後に、環境温度４０℃、充電電圧１４．６Ｖ、最大充電電流３５Ａとして、ＳＯＣが７０％以上８５％以下になるように、定電圧充電（リフレッシュ充電）した結果を図１に示す。
【００２３】
図１に示すように、リフレッシュ充電を開始してから５分が経過するまでは、最大充電電流３５Ａになっており、５分が経過した時点では、鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣは、７１．２％であった。充電を開始して５分が経過した後には、充電電流は順次低下しており、１０分後には、鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣは８３．４％になった。その後は、充電時間に対するＳＯＣの上昇が抑制され、充電開始から３０分たっても、ＳＯＣは９５％であり、ＳＯＣを１００％とするために、約９０分の時間が必要であった。
【００２４】
従って、ＳＯＣが５５％の鉛蓄電池を、ＳＯＣが７０％〜８５％とするために要する充電時間は、５〜１０分程度でよく、リフレッシュ充電は短時間で終了する。なお、充電電圧および最大充電電流を変化させて、鉛蓄電池を充電する場合にも、７０％以上８５％以下のＳＯＣとするために要する充電時間は、ほとんど変化しない。
【００２５】
リフレッシュ充電において、鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣを、７０％〜８５％とするためには、例えば、ＳＯＣが７０％以上になる場合の充電電流を予め求めておいて、リフレッシュ充電を開始した後に、最大充電電流から予め求められたその充電電流になるまで充電を行って、その充電電流になった時点で充電を終了すればよい。
【００２６】
次に、本発明の充電方法と電池寿命との関係について説明する。前述したＶＲＬＡ（制御弁式鉛蓄電池：電圧１２Ｖ、５時間率容量１８Ａｈ）を、５時間率放電によって、ＳＯＣを６５％に調整して充放電サイクルを実施した。この場合の放電は、１ＣＡ相当の電流で１８秒とした。また、充電は、環境温度４０℃、充電電圧１４．６Ｖ、最大充電電流５ＣＡの条件で５秒間にわたって定電圧充電した。このような充放電サイクルを繰り返すとともに、２００サイクル毎に５分間にわたるリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣを７０％以上とした。この場合に、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に、５ＣＡ相当の電流で５秒間にわたって放電して５秒目の電圧を測定した。結果を、図２のグラフに、実施例１「ａ−１」として示す。また、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に測定される放電５秒目の放電電圧が７．２Ｖになったときを電池寿命とした。
【００２７】
比較のために、３０００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に１０分間のリフレッシュ充電を実施した場合の測定結果を、図２のグラフに、比較例１「ｂ−１」として示す。そして、この場合の電池寿命を、寿命指数１００としたところ、実施例１「ａ−１」における鉛蓄電池の寿命指数は、３００であった。
【００２８】
同様に、実施例２として、２００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に１０分間のリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣを７０％以上８５％以下としたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に放電５秒目の放電電圧を測定した。その測定結果を、図２のグラフに、実施例２「ａ−２」として示す。この場合の寿命指数は、３００以上であった。
【００２９】
比較のために、リフレッシュ充電を全く実施しないこと以外は、比較例と同様にした場合の測定結果を、図２のグラフに、比較例２「ｂ−２」として示す。この場合の寿命指数は、５０程度であった。
【００３０】
さらに、比較のために、３０００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に５分間にわたるリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣを７０％以上８５％以下としたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に放電５秒目の放電電圧を測定した。その測定結果を、図３のグラフに、比較例３「ｂ−３」として示す。この場合の寿命指数は、１００よりも小さくなっていた。
【００３１】
また、参考のために、３０００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に３０分間にわたるリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣを８５より大きくしたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に放電５秒目の放電電圧を測定した。その測定結果を、図２のグラフに、参考例１「ｃ−１」として示す。この場合は、寿命指数は３００以上になるが、リフレッシュ充電が３０分と長くなるために、充電効率が低下していた。
【００３２】
さらに、参考のために、２００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に３０分間にわたるリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣを８５より大きくしたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に放電５秒目の放電電圧を測定した。その測定結果を、図３のグラフに、参考例２「ｃ−２」として示す。この場合も、寿命指数は３００以上になるが、リフレッシュ充電が３０分と長くなるために、充電効率が低下していた。なお、図３のグラフに、実施例１「ａ−１」および実施例「ａ−２」を併記する。
【００３３】
また、参考例３として、３０００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に９０分間にわたるリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣをほぼ１００としたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして、１００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に放電５秒目の放電電圧を測定した結果を、図３のグラフに、参考例３「ｃ−３」として示す。同様に、参考例４として、２００サイクルの充放電サイクル毎に９０分間にわたるリフレッシュ充電を実施して、ＳＯＣをほぼ１００としたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にした測定結果を、図３のグラフに、参考例４「ｃ−４」として示す。いずれの場合も、鉛蓄電池の寿命指数は３００以上になるが、リフレッシュ充電が長くなるために、充電効率が低下していた。
【００３４】
このように、鉛蓄電池を７０％未満の中間充填状態として、充放電サイクルを繰り返す際に、２００サイクル以下の充放電サイクル毎に、ＳＯＣが７０％〜８５％になるようにリフレッシュ充電することによって、硫酸塩の偏在等による寿命低下を防ぐことができる。しかも、リフレッシュ充電に要する充電時間も短くなるために、充放電サイクルにおける回生エネルギーによる充電時間および電子負荷への電力供給等の放電時間が制限されるおそれがない。
【００３５】
【発明の効果】
本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電制御方法は、このように、５分〜１０分程度の短時間のリフレッシュ充電によって、硫酸鉛の偏在などによる電池寿命の低下等を抑制することができる。しかも、リフレッシュ充電の充電効率が向上するために、充放電サイクルにおける回生充電および電力供給が制限されることが抑制される。従って、その工業的価値は、極めて大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法におけるリフレッシュ充電時の充電電流と時間との関係を示すグラフである。
【図２】本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法におけるリフレッシュ充電と電池寿命との関係を示すグラフである。
【図３】本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法におけるリフレッシュ充電と電池寿命との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
ａ−１ 実施例１
ａ−２ 実施例２
ｂ−１ 比較例１
ｂ−２ 比較例２
ｂ−３ 比較例３
ｃ−１ 参考例１
ｃ−２ 参考例２
ｃ−３ 参考例３
ｃ−４ 参考例４[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for charging a lead storage battery, in particular, a lead storage battery that is mounted on an automobile and is suitably used as a power source for an electronic device for a vehicle (electronic load) such as engine starting, light lighting, and car navigation. It relates to a charging method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A lead-acid battery, which is a secondary battery, is mounted on an automobile to start an engine, turn on a light, and the like. Lead storage batteries use lead dioxide (PbO 2 ) as the positive electrode active material, spongy lead (Pb) as the negative electrode active material, and dilute sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as the electrolyte. A so-called full-wave rectification three-phase AC generator is charged with a constant charging voltage so that the SOC (State Of Charge) is almost 100%.
[0003]
In recent years, the load of lead-acid batteries has increased due to the mounting of air conditioners, car navigation systems and the like on automobiles. In order to cope with such an increase in load and in consideration of improvement in fuel efficiency of a vehicle, for example, a system has been proposed in which regenerative energy generated during deceleration of a vehicle is charged to a lead storage battery to effectively use the energy. Yes. In addition, in an idle stop system that stops the engine when the vehicle is stopped, power is supplied from the lead storage battery to an electronic load such as an air conditioner, a car stereo, or a car navigation mounted on the vehicle during the idle stop. There are also proposed a supply system, a system that assists driving by a motor using a lead-acid battery together with restarting the engine after an idle stop.
[0004]
In these systems, when the lead storage battery is charged by regenerative energy, it is necessary to make the storage battery have a partially charged state in which the SOC of the storage battery is less than 100%.
[0005]
That is, when a lead storage battery is charged with a small current until the SOC reaches an overcharged state of 100% or more, in the lead storage battery, a lead sulfate passivation is formed at the interface between the positive electrode grid and the positive electrode active material, and the Capacity may be reduced. In this case, particles of the positive electrode lead dioxide or the negative electrode spongy lead, which are the charge products, become coarse and the specific surface area of the active material is reduced, which also causes a reduction in capacity.
[0006]
In addition, as described above, when driving the motor with a lead-acid battery to assist the running with the restart of the engine after the idling stop that stops the engine when the running of the vehicle is stopped, the electric load is supplied with electric power. The discharge load of the lead storage battery currently performed becomes very large, and the SOC of the lead storage battery is greatly reduced. Thus, in order to charge the lead storage battery so that the SOC becomes 100% from the state where the SOC is greatly reduced, it is necessary to charge with a large current, and it is necessary to frequently charge with a large current. is there.
[0007]
However, in order to bring the lead-acid battery into an overcharged state with a large current and an SOC of 100%, the charging time is long and the charging efficiency may be reduced. In addition, if overcharging with a large current is frequently repeated in this manner, lead sulfate as a discharge product accumulates on the negative electrode, which may reduce the life of the lead-acid battery.
[0008]
Thus, when regeneratively charging a lead storage battery, it is preferable to set it as the partial charge state in which SOC became lower than 100%.
[0009]
In JP-A-7-111162, in a charge / discharge cycle in which the charge current is 1 CA or more and the charge electricity amount does not exceed the discharge electricity amount, 0.3 CA or less at a rate of 1 degree within 200 cycles. A charge control method has been proposed in which an overcharge state is obtained in which the SOC is substantially 100% by current. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-11163 discloses that charging is stopped when the charging voltage reaches 2.5 ± 0.05 V / cell in a charging / discharging cycle with a charging current of 1 CA or more, and within 200 cycles. There has been proposed a charge control method in which an overcharge state in which the SOC becomes substantially 100% by a current of 0.3 CA or less at a rate of once in a charge / discharge cycle.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the charge control method for a lead storage battery proposed in these publications, in a charge / discharge cycle in which charging and discharging are repeated, the SOC is suppressed to less than 100%, and charging is performed by regenerative energy. Therefore, accumulation of lead sulfate, which is an active material reaction product of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, is prevented from deteriorating the lead storage battery. In addition, refresh charging is performed so as to be overcharged by a small current until the charging / discharging cycle reaches 200 cycles. Therefore, charging is not performed and charging is performed by lead sulfate accumulated in the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. It is suppressed that efficiency is impaired.
[0011]
However, in any case, the refresh charge is performed before the charge / discharge cycle reaches 200 cycles, and the lead storage battery is in an overcharged state with an SOC of 100% or more, so that there is a problem that the charge time becomes long. . If the charging time is long, the charging / discharging cycle is limited, so there is a risk that the charging time due to regenerative energy, torque assist at the start of driving after idle stop, etc. may be limited. It becomes impossible to improve. In addition, when the frequency of refresh charging for bringing the lead storage battery into an overcharged state is increased, the positive electrode grid may be corroded by the charging energy and the battery life may be reduced.
[0012]
The present invention solves such a problem, and its purpose is to shorten the life by efficient refresh charging in a short time when charging and discharging are repeated in an intermediate charging state that is not an overcharged state. It is in providing the charge method of the lead storage battery which can suppress it.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A method for charging a lead storage battery according to the present invention is a method for charging a lead storage battery in which refresh charging is performed on a lead storage battery in an intermediate charge state, wherein the intermediate charge state includes a first predetermined SOC of the lead storage battery. The lead storage battery is repeatedly charged and discharged in the intermediate charging state, and the refresh charging is performed until the SOC of the lead storage battery in the intermediate charging state reaches a predetermined second value. The predetermined second value is a value that is greater than or equal to the predetermined first value and less than 100% .
Preferably, the predetermined first value is a value less than 70%, and the predetermined second value is a value between 70% and 85%.
Preferably, the refresh charging is performed by constant voltage charging, and the refresh charging is stopped when a charging current reaches a predetermined charging current corresponding to the predetermined second value.
Preferably, the refresh charging is performed every charging / discharging cycle of 200 cycles or less.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[0018]
The charging method of the lead acid battery of this invention is implemented in order to charge the lead acid battery mounted in the motor vehicle. The lead storage battery supplies electric power to various electronic loads mounted on the vehicle, and is charged by electric power supplied from a full-wave rectification three-phase AC generator called an alternator. The lead acid battery is, for example, a valve-regulated lead accumulator (VRLA) having a voltage of 12 V and 18 Ah, lead dioxide (PbO 2 ) as a positive electrode active material, and spongy lead (Pb) as a negative electrode active material, Dilute sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is used for the electrolytic solution.
[0019]
Such a lead storage battery is, for example, in an intermediate charge state (PSOC: Partial State Of Charge) with an SOC (State Of Charge) of less than 70%, charging with regenerative energy, and various electronic loads mounted on an automobile. And the like, and the discharge for supplying electric power to the same is repeated. And, such a charge / discharge cycle is 200 cycles or less, so that the SOC is 70% or more and less than 100% SOC in the intermediate charge state in which the charge / discharge cycle is performed, for example, 70% to 85% SOC. Refresh charging is performed.
[0020]
In refresh charging, charging is performed so that the SOC is smaller than 100%, so that the charging time is remarkably shortened as compared with the case of charging in an overcharged state where the SOC is 100%. As described above, by shortening the charging time for the refresh charging, it is possible to suppress the time for performing the recovery of regenerative energy or the torque assist at the time of engine start and running after the idle stop. In addition, corrosion of the positive electrode grid due to overcharging, and life reduction due to electrolyte reduction due to overcharging can also be improved.
[0021]
Furthermore, by performing refresh charging for such a short time every charge / discharge cycle of 200 cycles or less, for example, lead sulfate generated by discharge in the charge / discharge cycle is changed to lead at the negative electrode for each refresh charge, In the positive electrode, lead dioxide is used, and there is no fear that lead sulfate is unevenly distributed and fixed, and it is possible to suppress an increase in internal resistance, a decrease in discharge capacity, and a decrease in life due to the uneven distribution and fixation of lead sulfate. .
[0022]
Next, the charge time of the refresh charge in the charge method of the lead acid battery of this invention is demonstrated. First, the above-described control valve type lead-acid battery (VRLA:
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1, the maximum charging current is 35 A until 5 minutes have passed since the start of refresh charging. At the time when 5 minutes have elapsed, the SOC of the lead-acid battery is 71.2%. there were. After 5 minutes have passed since the start of charging, the charging current gradually decreased, and after 10 minutes, the SOC of the lead storage battery was 83.4%. Thereafter, the increase in the SOC with respect to the charging time was suppressed, and even after 30 minutes from the start of charging, the SOC was 95%, and it took about 90 minutes to make the
[0024]
Therefore, the charge time required for a lead storage battery with an SOC of 55% to have an SOC of 70% to 85% may be about 5 to 10 minutes, and the refresh charge is completed in a short time. Even when the lead storage battery is charged by changing the charging voltage and the maximum charging current, the charging time required to obtain an SOC of 70% or more and 85% or less hardly changes.
[0025]
In the refresh charging, in order to set the SOC of the lead storage battery to 70% to 85%, for example, the charging current when the SOC becomes 70% or more is obtained in advance, and after the refresh charging is started, the maximum charging is performed. Charging is performed until the charging current obtained in advance from the current is reached, and charging is terminated when the charging current is reached.
[0026]
Next, the relationship between the charging method of the present invention and the battery life will be described. The above-mentioned VRLA (control valve type lead-acid battery:
[0027]
For comparison, the measurement result when refresh charging for 10 minutes is performed every 3000 charge / discharge cycles is shown as Comparative Example 1 “b-1” in the graph of FIG. 2. And when the battery life in this case was made into the
[0028]
Similarly, as Example 2, 100 cycles were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that refresh charging was performed for 10 minutes every 200 charge / discharge cycles, and the SOC was set to 70% to 85%. The discharge voltage at the 5th discharge was measured for each charge / discharge cycle. The measurement result is shown as Example 2 “a-2” in the graph of FIG. The life index in this case was 300 or more.
[0029]
For comparison, the measurement result in the same manner as in the comparative example except that no refresh charging is performed is shown as a comparative example 2 “b-2” in the graph of FIG. In this case, the life index was about 50.
[0030]
For comparison, 100 cycles of 100 cycles were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that refresh charging was performed for 5 minutes every 3000 charge / discharge cycles, and the SOC was set to 70% to 85%. The discharge voltage at the fifth discharge was measured for each charge / discharge cycle. The measurement result is shown as Comparative Example 3 “b-3” in the graph of FIG. The life index in this case was smaller than 100.
[0031]
Further, for reference, every 100 charge / discharge cycles are performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that refresh charge is performed for 30 minutes every 3000 charge / discharge cycles, and the SOC is larger than 85. The discharge voltage at 5 seconds after discharge was measured. The measurement results are shown as Reference Example 1 “c-1” in the graph of FIG. In this case, the life index is 300 or more, but the refresh charge is as long as 30 minutes, so that the charging efficiency is lowered.
[0032]
Further, for reference, refresh charge is performed for 30 minutes for every 200 charge / discharge cycles, and the SOC is made larger than 85, and the charge / discharge cycle is repeated every 100 charge / discharge cycles in the same manner as in Example 1. The discharge voltage at 5 seconds after discharge was measured. The measurement results are shown as Reference Example 2 “c-2” in the graph of FIG. In this case as well, the life index is 300 or more, but the refresh charge is as long as 30 minutes, so the charging efficiency is reduced. In addition, Example 1 "a-1" and Example "a-2" are written together on the graph of FIG.
[0033]
Further, as Reference Example 3, every charge / discharge cycle of 100 cycles was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except that refresh charge was performed for 90 minutes every charge / discharge cycle of 3000 cycles, and the SOC was set to almost 100. The results of measuring the discharge voltage at 5 seconds after discharge are shown as Reference Example 3 “c-3” in the graph of FIG. Similarly, as Reference Example 4, a refresh charge over 90 minutes was performed every 200 charge / discharge cycles, and the measurement result was the same as that of Example 1 except that the SOC was approximately 100. This is shown in the graph as Reference Example 4 “c-4”. In either case, the life index of the lead-acid battery is 300 or more, but the charging efficiency is lowered because the refresh charge becomes longer.
[0034]
In this way, when the charge storage / discharge cycle is repeated with the lead-acid battery in an intermediate filling state of less than 70%, refresh charging is performed so that the SOC becomes 70% to 85% every charge / discharge cycle of 200 cycles or less. Further, it is possible to prevent a decrease in life due to uneven distribution of sulfate. In addition, since the charging time required for refresh charging is also shortened, there is no possibility that the charging time due to regenerative energy in the charging / discharging cycle and the discharging time such as power supply to the electronic load are limited.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, the charge control method for a lead storage battery according to the present invention can suppress a decrease in battery life due to uneven distribution of lead sulfate or the like, by refresh charging in a short time of about 5 to 10 minutes. In addition, since the charging efficiency of refresh charging is improved, it is possible to suppress regenerative charging and power supply in the charge / discharge cycle. Therefore, its industrial value is extremely large.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between charging current and time during refresh charging in a lead storage battery charging method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between refresh charging and battery life in the method for charging lead-acid batteries of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between refresh charging and battery life in the method for charging lead-acid batteries of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
a-1 Example 1
a-2 Example 2
b-1 Comparative Example 1
b-2 Comparative Example 2
b-3 Comparative Example 3
c-1 Reference Example 1
c-2 Reference Example 2
c-3 Reference Example 3
c-4 Reference Example 4
Claims (4)
前記中間充電状態は、前記鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣが所定の第１の値未満である状態であり、前記鉛蓄電池は、前記中間充電状態において充放電を繰り返し、
前記リフレッシュ充電は、前記中間充電状態にある前記鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣが所定の第２の値に到達するまで行われ、前記所定の第２の値は、前記所定の第１の値以上１００％未満の値である、鉛蓄電池の充電方法。 A lead storage battery charging method for performing refresh charging on a lead storage battery in an intermediate charge state,
The intermediate charge state is a state where the SOC of the lead storage battery is less than a predetermined first value, and the lead storage battery repeats charging and discharging in the intermediate charge state,
The refresh charging is performed until the SOC of the lead storage battery in the intermediate charge state reaches a predetermined second value, and the predetermined second value is not less than the predetermined first value and less than 100%. The lead acid battery charging method , which is the value of .
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