JP4156520B2 - ラジアルパワーメガソニックトランスデュサー - Google Patents
ラジアルパワーメガソニックトランスデュサー Download PDFInfo
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- JP4156520B2 JP4156520B2 JP2003548584A JP2003548584A JP4156520B2 JP 4156520 B2 JP4156520 B2 JP 4156520B2 JP 2003548584 A JP2003548584 A JP 2003548584A JP 2003548584 A JP2003548584 A JP 2003548584A JP 4156520 B2 JP4156520 B2 JP 4156520B2
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- acoustic energy
- transducer
- generating means
- energy generating
- crystal
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XBBZAULFUPBZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1-(3-chlorophenyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 XBBZAULFUPBZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZTYNSQSZHARAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BZTYNSQSZHARAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000895 deafness Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000016354 hearing loss disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/32—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by the shape of the source
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Claims (11)
- 音響エネルギーを発生し、基板とトランスデュサーとが相対的に回転しているときに、所定の時間の間に、音響エネルギーにさらされる基板の特定の面の表面領域の各ユニットにほぼ均一な量の音響エネルギーを与えるようになっている音響エネルギー発生手段であって、この音響エネルギー発生手段は、前記特定の面の中心からの距離が長く複数のポイントに対して前記相対的な回転によって生じる線形速度の増加を補償するように、音響エネルギー発生手段からの可変の音響エネルギーを与えるようにデザインされており、また、この音響エネルギー発生手段は、前記特定の面の100パーセント未満を被っている、音響エネルギー発生手段と、
前記基板に音響エネルギーを伝播するように、前記音響エネルギー発生手段に装着された共振器とを具備するトランスデュサー。 - 前記音響エネルギー発生手段は、圧電性結晶を有し、この圧電性結晶の第1の端が圧電性結晶の第2の端よりも広くなった、圧電性結晶のウエッジ形のデザイン形態を有している請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記音響エネルギー発生手段は、複数の圧電性結晶セグメントからなるアッセンブリを有し、アッセンブリの第1の端がアッセンブリの第2の端よりも広くなった、アッセンブリのウエッジ形のデザイン形態を有している請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記音響エネルギー発生手段は、少なくとも1つの電極を備えた圧電性結晶を有し、この電極の第1の端が電極の第2の端よりも広くなった、電極のウエッジ形のデザイン形態を有している請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記共振器は、水晶、サファイア、シリコンカーバイト、窒化シリコン、セラミック、アルミニウム並びにステンレススチールからなるグループから選ばれた材料により形成されている請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記音響エネルギー発生手段と共振器との間に配置され、共振器を音響エネルギー発生手段に装着させるための取着層をさらに具備する請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記取着層は、インジウム、錫、インジウム合金、並びに錫合金からなるグループから選ばれた材料により形成されている請求項6のトランスデュサー。
- 前記取着層は、エポキシ樹脂により形成されている請求項6のトランスデュサー。
- 前記基板は、半導体ウエハを含んでいる請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記音響エネルギー発生手段は、ウエッジ形の圧電性結晶を有し、この圧電性結晶は、第1の辺と、第2の辺と、狭い辺と、広い辺と、第2の辺から第1の辺を分ける角とを有する平面を備え、前記角は、圧電性結晶が前記特定の面の40パーセント以下を覆っているウエッジ形のである請求項1のトランスデュサー。
- 前記音響エネルギーは、0.4ないし2.0MHzの周波数範囲にある請求項1ないし10のいずれか1のトランスデュサー。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35020601P | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | |
PCT/US2002/035044 WO2003047306A2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-11-01 | Radial power megasonic transducer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005510890A JP2005510890A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2005510890A5 JP2005510890A5 (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
JP4156520B2 true JP4156520B2 (ja) | 2008-09-24 |
Family
ID=23375669
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003548584A Expired - Lifetime JP4156520B2 (ja) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-11-01 | ラジアルパワーメガソニックトランスデュサー |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US6791242B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1449268B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4156520B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100927493B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100472832C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE506702T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002364693A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60239821D1 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1075541A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2004116689A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG165984A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW586974B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003047306A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6291180B1 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-09-18 | American Registry Of Pathology | Ultrasound-mediated high-speed biological reaction and tissue processing |
CN100472832C (zh) | 2001-11-02 | 2009-03-25 | 产品系统公司 | 辐射能量兆赫兹超声波换能器 |
US7287537B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2007-10-30 | Akrion Technologies, Inc. | Megasonic probe energy director |
US20050054906A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-10 | Joseph Page | Spatial detectors for in-vivo measurement of bio chemistry |
JP4633571B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-28 | 2011-02-16 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | アレイ型超音波トランスデューサ及びその製造方法 |
JP4652959B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2011-03-16 | 芝浦メカトロニクス株式会社 | 基板の処理装置 |
US7784478B2 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2010-08-31 | Akrion Systems Llc | Acoustic energy system, method and apparatus for processing flat articles |
US20070170812A1 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-26 | Pejman Fani | System apparatus and methods for processing substrates using acoustic energy |
US9987666B2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2018-06-05 | Naura Akrion Inc. | Composite transducer apparatus and system for processing a substrate and method of constructing the same |
US9049520B2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2015-06-02 | Akrion Systems Llc | Composite transducer apparatus and system for processing a substrate and method of constructing the same |
KR100852396B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-08-14 | 한국기계연구원 | 초음파를 이용한 세정장치 |
US8075697B2 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2011-12-13 | Fontana Technology | Particle removal method and composition |
US7958899B2 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2011-06-14 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Substrate cleaning apparatus and substrate cleaning method |
US8957564B1 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2015-02-17 | Silicon Light Machines Corporation | Microelectromechanical system megasonic transducer |
US9796000B2 (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2017-10-24 | Product Systems Incorporated | Uniform fluid manifold for acoustic transducer |
US9138861B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2015-09-22 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | CMP pad cleaning apparatus |
CN103703793B (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-02-18 | 本多电子株式会社 | 机电转换元件及其制造方法 |
US10379324B2 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2019-08-13 | Honeywell International Inc. | Adaptive optical zoom systems and methods |
EP3405952A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2018-11-28 | Dussault, Donald Herbert | Method and apparatus for cleaning a disc record |
CN114054429B (zh) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-01 | 北京东方金荣超声电器有限公司 | 大尺寸晶圆兆声清洗系统 |
KR102542354B1 (ko) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-06-13 | (주)디바이스이엔지 | 초음파 세정 유닛을 포함하는 기판 처리장치 |
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- 2002-11-01 EP EP02803970A patent/EP1449268B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-01 US US10/286,578 patent/US6791242B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-01 AT AT02803970T patent/ATE506702T1/de active
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- 2002-11-01 WO PCT/US2002/035044 patent/WO2003047306A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2002-11-01 DE DE60239821T patent/DE60239821D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-01 AU AU2002364693A patent/AU2002364693A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-01 RU RU2004116689/28A patent/RU2004116689A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002364693A8 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
US20030168946A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
US6946774B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 |
US20050001510A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
EP1449268B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
JP2005510890A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
KR100927493B1 (ko) | 2009-11-17 |
TW200300369A (en) | 2003-06-01 |
US20050035689A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
US6882087B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 |
US7145286B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
RU2004116689A (ru) | 2005-02-10 |
SG165984A1 (en) | 2010-11-29 |
EP1449268A4 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
TW586974B (en) | 2004-05-11 |
HK1075541A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 |
AU2002364693A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
CN1579026A (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
WO2003047306A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
KR20050045940A (ko) | 2005-05-17 |
ATE506702T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
US6791242B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 |
CN100472832C (zh) | 2009-03-25 |
WO2003047306A2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
US20060006766A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
EP1449268A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
DE60239821D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
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