JP4134805B2 - Manufacturing method of unidirectional prepreg bonded with scrim cloth - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of unidirectional prepreg bonded with scrim cloth Download PDF

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JP4134805B2
JP4134805B2 JP2003119532A JP2003119532A JP4134805B2 JP 4134805 B2 JP4134805 B2 JP 4134805B2 JP 2003119532 A JP2003119532 A JP 2003119532A JP 2003119532 A JP2003119532 A JP 2003119532A JP 4134805 B2 JP4134805 B2 JP 4134805B2
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scrim cloth
matrix resin
range
unidirectional prepreg
scrim
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JP2004323655A (en
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聡 向井
正文 近藤
宏至 高岸
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグとその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
よく知られているように、FRP(繊維強化プラスチック)の成形に、炭素繊維等の強化繊維と、B−ステージのエポキシ樹脂等のマトリクス樹脂とを複合してなるプリプレグが用いられている。プリプレグには多種多様なものがあるが、強化繊維の配向の方向や量を制御しやすいことから、強化繊維が一方向にシート状に引き揃えられている一方向プリプレグが多用されている。一方向プリプレグには、スクリムクロスが貼り合わされているものが多い。スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグと呼ばれるものである。
【0003】
そのようなスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを用いて、たとえば釣竿やゴルフシャフト等の管状体を成形する場合、まず、スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを、強化繊維の方向が所望の方向になるように、かつ、所望の形状になるように裁断し、強化繊維の方向が所望の方向になるようにマンドレルに巻き付け、さらにその上に熱収縮性のラッピングテープを巻き付け、加熱してラッピングテープの熱収縮による加圧力を利用しながら成形するのが一般的である。スクリムクロスは、裁断時や巻付時等において強化繊維の配列が乱れるのを防止するとともに、成形される管状体に、強化繊維の引き揃え方向と直交する方向に若干の補強効果を与えるように作用する。
【0004】
さて、そのようなスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグは、従来、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートにマトリクス樹脂を含浸して一方向プリプレグを得た後、その一方向プリプレグにスクリムクロスを重ね合わせ、加熱、加圧して一方向プリプレグにスクリムクロスを貼り合わせることによって製造している(たとえば、特許文献1参照)。すなわち、この方法は、一方向プリプレグのタック性を利用してスクリムクロスを貼り合わせるものである。しかしながら、この方法によるものは、スクリムクロスにはマトリクス樹脂が少量しか含浸されないのでスクリムクロスの接着強度が低く、スクリムクロスが浮き上がって空気を抱き込み、抱き込まれた空気がボイドとなってFRP中に残り、FRPの品位や特性を低下させるという問題がある。
【0005】
また、マトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙とスクリムクロスとを貼り合わせた後、それを強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートにスクリムクロスが一方向引き揃えシート側を向くように重ね合わせ、加熱、加圧して離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂をスクリムクロスを通して一方向引き揃えシートに含浸するとともにスクリムクロスを貼り合わせる方法も提案されている(たとえば、特許文献2参照)。この方法によれば、マトリクス樹脂は、スクリムクロスには十分に含浸されるが、逆に、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートへの含浸は不十分になることがあり、その場合、やはり接着強度が不十分になってスクリムクロスが浮き上がりやすくなる。
【0006】
一方、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートとスクリムクロスとの重ね合わせ体の両面に、一面にマトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙を樹脂塗布面が重ね合わせ体側を向くように重ね合わせ、加熱、加圧して両離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂を重ね合わせ体に転移、含浸する方法も提案されている(たとえば、特許文献3参照)。この方法は、重ね合わせ体に対し、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシート側とスクリムクロス側との双方からマトリクス樹脂を含浸するので、上述した2法にくらべるとマトリクス樹脂の含浸の均一性が高く、接着強度を高くできるのでスクリムクロスの浮き上がりを生じにくい。また、マトリクス樹脂の、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートへの含浸とスクリムクロスへの含浸を同時に行うので、生産性も高い。しかしながら、一方で、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートとスクリムクロスという形態の異なるものへの含浸を同一条件の下で行うために、希ではあるがマトリクス樹脂の含浸が不十分になることがあり、改善が望まれている。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特公平4−60008号公報
【0008】
【特許文献2】
特開平11−960号公報
【0009】
【特許文献3】
特開昭60−157812号公報
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、従来の技術の上述した問題点を解決し、スクリムクロスの接着強度が高くてスクリムクロスの浮き上がりを防止することができ、品位や特性に優れたFRPを成形することができるようになるスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグとその製造方法を提供するにある。
【0011】
上記において、
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、強化繊維とマトリクス樹脂とを含む一方向プリプレグに、マトリクス樹脂が含浸されたスクリムクロスが貼り合わされており、温度24℃、湿度50%Rhの雰囲気下におけるスクリムクロスの剥離強度が少なくとも1,000g/25mmであり、かつ、上記雰囲気下に7日間放置したときの剥離強度の低下率が10%以下であることを特徴とするスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを提供する。
【0013】
上記において、強化繊維は炭素繊維であり、スクリムクロスはガラススクリムクロスであるのが好ましい。また、一方向プリプレグのマトリクス樹脂の目付は22〜78g/m2の範囲内にあり、ガラススクリムクロスのそれは18〜62g/m2の範囲内にあるのが好ましい。
【0014】
スクリムクロスの剥離強度は次のようにして測定する。すなわち、まず、スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを、強化繊維の方向を長さ方向として幅25mm、長さ300mmに裁断して試験片を得る。次に、試験片の一端から20mmまでの部分のスクリムクロスを剥がし、その剥がした部分においてスクリムクロスを引張試験機の一方のチャックに、一方向プリプレグを他方のチャックにそれぞれ装着する。そして、100mm/分の速度で引張試験を行い、スクリムクロスと一方向プリプレグとを180°方向に引き剥がしていく。その引き剥がし時の最大荷重をもって剥離強度とする。中途でスクリムクロスが破断してしまう場合には、破断時の荷重をもって剥離強度とする。かかる引張試験は、温度24℃、湿度50%Rhの雰囲気下で行う。そして、温度24℃、湿度50%Rhの雰囲気下におけるスクリムクロスの剥離強度、すなわち当初の剥離強度をSbとし、その雰囲気下に7日間放置したときの剥離強度をSaとし、剥離強度の低下率を次式によって求める。
【0015】
述したスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを製造するため、本発明は、連続的に供給される強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートにスクリムクロスを重ね合わせて重ね合わせ体とした後、その重ね合わせ体の両面に、一面にマトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙を塗布面が重ね合わせ体側を向くように重ね合わせ、加熱、加圧して両離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂を重ね合わせ体に転移、含浸するにあたり、一方向引揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度を100〜200Pa・sの範囲内に維持するとともにスクリムクロス側のそれを23〜55Pa・sの範囲内に維持することを特徴とするスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの製造方法を提供する。
【0016】
上記において、強化繊維としては炭素繊維を用い、スクリムクロスとしてはガラススクリムクロスを用いるのが好ましい。また、ガラススクリムクロスの張力を4〜6Nの範囲内に維持するのが好ましい。さらに、加熱温度は100〜130℃の範囲内とし、加圧力は線圧で1〜3kgの範囲内とするのが好ましい。
【0017】
マトリクス樹脂の粘度は、JIS K 5600−2−3「塗料一般試験方法−第2部:塗料の性状・安定性−第3節:粘度(コーン・プレート粘度計法)」に準拠して測定する。なお、コーンの角度は0.8°、コーンの直径は48mmとし、測定時のずり速度は7.5sec-1、測定温度は100℃とする。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1において、図示しない複数個のパッケージから引き出された強化繊維束1、・・・は、フリー回転する引き揃えロール2、3を経てコーム4に導かれ、一方向に互いに並行かつシート状に引き揃えられて一方向引き揃えシート5となる。この一方向引き揃えシート5には、導入ロール6を介して供給されるスクリムクロス7が上側から重ね合わせられる。
【0019】
次いで、一方向引き揃えシート5とスクリムクロス7との重ね合わせ体に、導入ロール8を介して供給される、一面にB−ステージの熱硬化性樹脂が塗布されている上側の離型紙9と、導入ロール10を介して導入される、同様に一面にB−ステージの熱硬化性樹脂が塗布されている下側の離型紙11とを樹脂塗布面が重ね合わせ体側を向くように重ね合わせ、重ね合わせ体を第1のヒータ12で加熱して熱硬化性樹脂の粘度を一旦下げた後、基体ロール13aとニップロール13bとからなる第1の含浸ロール13で加熱、加圧して強化繊維束1、・・・の押し拡げと離型紙9、11上の熱硬化性樹脂のスクリムクロス7および一方向引き揃えシート5への転移、含浸とを行う。かかる転移、含浸は、第2のヒータ14、基体ロール15aとニップロール15bとからなる第2の含浸ロール15、、さらに第3のヒータ16、基体ロール17aとニップロール17bとからなる第3の含浸ロール17によって3段に行う。かくして、スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグが得られるが、熱硬化性樹脂の転移、含浸後は、導出ロール18、19を経て上側の離型紙9を剥離し、スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを下側の離型紙11ごとロール状に巻き取り、ロール体20とする。
【0020】
上記において、強化繊維束は、炭素繊維、黒鉛繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ガラス繊維等の高強度、高弾性率繊維からなる。最も好ましいのは炭素繊維である。炭素繊維を用いる場合、一方向引き揃えシートの目付は、通常、10〜300g/m2程度の範囲内とする。
【0021】
マトリクス樹脂たる熱硬化性樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂等を用いることができる。これらのマトリクス樹脂は離型紙上に担持して供給されるが、その場合、得られるスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグにおける一方向プリプレグのマトリクス樹脂の目付が22〜78g/m2の範囲内にあり、ガラススクリムクロスのそれが18〜62g/m2の範囲内になるように、担持させる熱硬化性樹脂の目付を調整するのが好ましい。一方向プリプレグのマトリクス樹脂の目付が低くなりすぎるとスクリムクロスとの接着強度が低くなり、スクリムクロスの剥離強度が低くなる傾向が現れる。また、目付が高くなりすぎると強化繊維の含有率が低くなり、FRPを成形したとき、特性のばらつきが大きくなる。それゆえ、一方向プリプレグのマトリクス樹脂の目付は22〜78g/m2の範囲内とするのが好ましい。一方、スクリムクロスのマトリクス樹脂の目付は、低くなりすぎると一方向プリプレグとの接着強度が低くなり、スクリムクロスの剥離強度が低くなる傾向が現れる。また、目付が高くなりすぎると、スクリムクロスが目ずれを起こすことがあり、FRPを成形したとき、特性のばらつきが大きくなる。それゆえ、スクリムクロスのマトリクス樹脂の目付は18〜62g/m2の範囲内とするのが好ましい。
【0022】
スクリムクロスは、通常は、ガラス繊維を織糸とする、目付が10〜100g/m2程度、経糸密度が39〜60本/25.4mm程度、緯糸密度が47〜70本/25.4mm程度のものを用いる。ガラススクリムクロスは、一方向プリプレグの強化繊維の配列が乱れるのを防止するとともに、FRPを成形したとき、強化繊維の方向と直交する方向に若干の補強効果を与える。
【0023】
ガラススクリムクロスは、プロセス中においてその張力を4〜6Nの範囲内に維持するのが好ましい。ガラススクリムクロスの張力が低すぎると、マトリクス樹脂を含浸する際に皺ができることがあり、一方、高すぎると、目ずれを生ずることがある。それゆえ、張力は、そのような不都合を生ずる虞の少ない4〜6Nの範囲内とするのが好ましい。
【0024】
マトリクス樹脂の含浸時の温度は、100〜130℃の範囲内とするのが好ましい。含浸温度が低すぎると、一方向引き揃えシートやスクリムクロスにマトリクス樹脂が十分に含浸されない場合がある。また、高すぎると、含浸時のマトリクス樹脂の硬化が進むことがあり、その場合、得られる一方向プリプレグは硬くなり、スクリムクロスの剥離強度も低下するようになる。それゆえ、含浸時の温度は100〜130℃の範囲内とするのが好ましい。また、含浸時の圧力は、線圧で1〜3kgの範囲内とするのが好ましい。含浸時の圧力が低すぎると、強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートやスクリムクロスにマトリクス樹脂が十分に含浸されないことがあり、その場合、スクリムクロスの剥離強度が低下する。また、圧力が高すぎると、スクリムクロスが目ずれを起こすことがあり、FRPを成形したとき、特性のばらつきが大きくなる。なお、上述の例では、マトリクス樹脂の含浸を3段(多段)で行う場合について説明した。多段で行うことが必須ではないが、多段にすると1段の場合よりも各段の圧力を低く設定することができ、スクリムクロスの目ずれ等の不都合を防止しながらマトリクス樹脂の含浸の均一性を向上させることができるようになるので好ましい。
【0025】
さて、本発明においては、強化繊維の一方向引揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度を100〜200Pa・sの範囲内に維持するとともにスクリムクロス側のそれを23〜55Pa・sの範囲内に維持しながら含浸を行う。
【0026】
一方向引き揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度が100Pa・sよりも低いと、一方向引き揃えシート内におけるマトリクス樹脂の流動性が高くなりすぎ、強化繊維の配列が乱れて一方向プリプレグの特性が低下したり、スクリムクロスに達するマトリクス樹脂の量が不足してスクリムクロスの剥離強度が大きく低下したりするようになる。一方、200Pa・sよりも高いと、マトリクス樹脂の流動が遅くなって一方向引き揃えシートにマトリクス樹脂が十分に含浸されなくなり、一方向プリプレグの特性が低下するようになる。また、スクリムクロスに達するマトリクス樹脂の量が不足してスクリムクロスの剥離強度が大きく低下するようになる。
【0027】
一方、スクリムクロス側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度が23Pa・sよりも低いと、マトリクス樹脂がスクリムクロスを素通りしてしまい、スクリムクロスの剥離強度が大きく低下するようになる。また、55Pa・sよりも高いと、マトリクス樹脂がスクリムクロスを通過しにくくなり、一方向引き揃えシートに達するマトリクス樹脂の量が不足してスクリムクロスの剥離強度が大きく低下するようになる。
【0028】
このように、強化繊維の一方向引揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度を100〜200Pa・sの範囲内にせず、かつ、スクリムクロス側のそれを23〜55Pa・sの範囲内にしないときには、スクリムクロスの剥離強度が大きく低下してしまう。一方向引揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度の好ましい範囲は140〜160Pa・sであり、スクリムクロス側のそれの好ましい範囲は30〜45Pa・sである。なお、マトリクス樹脂の粘度は、マトリクス樹脂を調製するときの粘度調節剤の配合量を変更することによって容易に調整することができる。
【0029】
かくして、温度24℃、湿度50%Rhの雰囲気下におけるスクリムクロスの剥離強度が少なくとも1,000g/25mmであり、かつ、上記雰囲気下に7日間放置したときの剥離強度の低下が10%以下であるスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグが得られる。かかるプリプレグは、スクリムクロスの接着強度が極めて高く、また、その経時劣化も少ないために、スクリムクロスが浮き上がって空気を抱き込み、抱き込まれた空気がボイドとなってFRP中に残り、FRPの品位や特性を低下させるといった不都合を生ずる虞がほんどない。
【0030】
【実施例および比較例】
実施例1:
図1に示した方法を用い、スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを製造した。
【0031】
強化繊維としては、平均単繊維径7μm、単繊維数12,000本、引張強度4,900MPa、引張弾性率230GPaの炭素繊維を用い、炭素繊維の目付が100g/m2になるように複数本を一方向に引き揃え、一方向引き揃えシートとした。
【0032】
また、マトリクス樹脂としては、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂とビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂とを重量比で7:3の割合で含む混合樹脂100重量部に対し、硬化剤としてジシアンジアミドと3−(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)−1、1ジメチル尿素とを重量比で5:3の割合で配合してなるものを基剤とした。そして、この基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを3重量部添加したもの(以下、マトリクス樹脂Aという)と、10重量部添加したもの(以下、マトリクス樹脂Bという)との2種類のマトリクス樹脂を用いた。マトリクス樹脂Aの130℃における粘度は30Pa・sであり、マトリクス樹脂Bのそれは150Pa・sである。
【0033】
さらに、上記マトリクス樹脂Aを目付が25g/m2になるように塗布した離型紙(以下、離型紙Aという)と、上記マトリクス樹脂Bを目付が32g/m2になるように塗布した離型紙(以下、離型紙Bという)との2種類の離型紙を用意した。
【0034】
一方向引き揃えシートの上から、張力を4Nに設定したガラススクリムクロス(目付:100g/m2、経糸密度:60本/25.4mm、緯糸密度:51本/25.4mm)を重ね合わせ、さらにスクリムクロス側に離型紙Aを、一方向引き揃えシート側に離型紙Bを重ね合わせ、含浸ロールに通した。含浸ロールの温度は130℃とし、線圧は1段目が1.5kg/cm、2段目が1.5kg/cm、3段目が3.0kg/cmになるようにした。得られたスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの諸元は、以下のとおりであった。
【0035】
マトリクス樹脂の含有率 :32重量%
剥離強度(初期) :1,550g/25mm
剥離強度(7日間放置後):1,510g/25mm
剥離強度の低下率 :2.6%
実施例2:
実施例1において、マトリクス樹脂Aを基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを2重量部添加したものに変更し、マトリクス樹脂Bを基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを10重量部添加したものに変更した。マトリクス樹脂Aの100℃における粘度は25Pa・sであり、マトリクス樹脂Bのそれは110Pa・sである。また、含浸温度は100℃とした。得られたスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの諸元は、以下のとおりであった。
【0036】
マトリクス樹脂の含有率 :32重量%
剥離強度(初期) :1,460g/25mm
剥離強度(7日間放置後):1,420g/25mm
剥離強度の低下率 :2.7%
比較例1:
実施例1において、マトリクス樹脂Aを基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを6重量部添加したものに変更し、マトリクス樹脂Bを基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを15重量部添加したものに変更した。マトリクス樹脂Aの80℃における粘度は70Pa・sであり、マトリクス樹脂Bのそれは300Pa・sである。また、含浸温度は80℃とした。得られたスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの諸元は、以下のとおりであった。
【0037】
マトリクス樹脂の含有率 :32重量%
剥離強度(初期) :1,220g/25mm
剥離強度(7日間放置後):630g/25mm
剥離強度の低下率 :48.3%
比較例2:
実施例1において、マトリクス樹脂Aを基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを1重量部添加したものに変更し、マトリクス樹脂Bを基剤100重量部に対して粘度調節剤としてポリビニルホルマールを7重量部添加したものに変更した。マトリクス樹脂Aの130℃における粘度は15Pa・sであり、マトリクス樹脂Bのそれは85Pa・sである。得られたスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの諸元は、以下のとおりであった。
【0038】
マトリクス樹脂の含有率 :32重量%
剥離強度(初期) :1,150g/25mm
剥離強度(7日間放置後):570g/25mm
剥離強度の低下率 :50.4%
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、強化繊維とマトリクス樹脂とを含む一方向プリプレグに、マトリクス樹脂が含浸されたスクリムクロスが貼り合わされており、温度24℃、湿度50%Rhの雰囲気下におけるスクリムクロスの剥離強度が少なくとも1,000g/25mmであり、かつ、上記雰囲気下に7日間放置したときの剥離強度の低下率が10%以下であるスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを、連続的に供給される強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートにスクリムクロスを重ね合わせて重ね合わせ体とした後、その重ね合わせ体の両面に、一面にマトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙を塗布面が重ね合わせ体側を向くように重ね合わせ、加熱、加圧して両離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂を重ね合わせ体に転移、含浸するにあたり、一方向引揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度を100〜200Pa・sの範囲内に維持するとともにスクリムクロス側のそれを23〜55Pa・sの範囲内に維持することによって得るものであるから、実施例と比較例との対比からも明らかなように、スクリムクロスの接着強度が高くてスクリムクロスの浮き上がりを防止することができ、品位や特性に優れたFRPを成形することができるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグを製造している様子を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1:強化繊維束
2:引き揃えロール
3:引き揃えロール
4:コーム
5:強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシート
6:導入ロール
7:スクリムクロス
8:導入ロール
9:マトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙
10:導入ロール
11:マトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙
12:第1のヒータ
13:第1の含浸ロール
13a:基体ロール
13b:ニップロール
14:第2のヒータ
15:第2の含浸ロール
15a:基体ロール
15b:ニップロール
16:第3のヒータ
17:第3の含浸ロール
17a:基体ロール
17b:ニップロール
18:導出ロール
19:導出ロール
20:スクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグのロール体
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a unidirectional prepreg bonded with a scrim cloth and a manufacturing method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, a prepreg formed by combining a reinforcing fiber such as carbon fiber and a matrix resin such as a B-stage epoxy resin is used for molding FRP (fiber reinforced plastic). Although there are a wide variety of prepregs, unidirectional prepregs in which reinforcing fibers are aligned in a sheet shape in one direction are often used because the direction and amount of reinforcing fibers can be easily controlled. Many unidirectional prepregs have scrim cloths bonded together. This is called a one-way prepreg bonded with a scrim cloth.
[0003]
When a tubular body such as a fishing rod or a golf shaft is formed using such a scrim cloth-bonded unidirectional prepreg, first, the scrim cloth-bonded unidirectional prepreg is formed so that the reinforcing fiber has a desired direction. In addition, it is cut into a desired shape, wound around a mandrel so that the direction of the reinforcing fiber is in the desired direction, and further a heat-shrinkable wrapping tape is wound on it and heated to heat the wrapping tape. In general, the molding is performed while utilizing the pressure applied by the shrinkage. The scrim cloth prevents the reinforcing fiber arrangement from being disturbed at the time of cutting or winding, and gives a slightly reinforcing effect to the molded tubular body in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the reinforcing fibers are aligned. Works.
[0004]
Now, such a scrim cloth-laminated unidirectional prepreg is conventionally obtained by impregnating a matrix resin into a unidirectional alignment sheet of reinforcing fibers to obtain a unidirectional prepreg, and then overlaying the scrim cloth on the unidirectional prepreg, It is manufactured by heating and pressing to bond a scrim cloth to a unidirectional prepreg (see, for example, Patent Document 1). That is, in this method, the scrim cloth is bonded using the tack property of the unidirectional prepreg. However, according to this method, since the scrim cloth is impregnated with a small amount of matrix resin, the adhesive strength of the scrim cloth is low, and the scrim cloth rises and encloses air, and the entrained air becomes voids in the FRP. However, there is a problem that the quality and characteristics of the FRP are deteriorated.
[0005]
Also, after the release paper coated with the matrix resin and the scrim cloth are bonded together, they are superimposed on the unidirectional alignment sheet of the reinforcing fiber so that the scrim cloth faces the unidirectional alignment sheet, and heated and pressurized. A method has also been proposed in which the matrix resin on the release paper is impregnated into the one-way alignment sheet through the scrim cloth and the scrim cloth is bonded together (for example, see Patent Document 2). According to this method, the matrix resin is sufficiently impregnated into the scrim cloth, but conversely, the impregnation of the reinforced fiber in one-way alignment sheet may be insufficient. Becomes insufficient, and the scrim cloth tends to rise.
[0006]
On the other hand, release paper with matrix resin coated on one side is laminated on both sides of the reinforced fiber unidirectional alignment sheet and scrim cloth so that the resin coated side faces the laminated body, and heated and pressurized. There has also been proposed a method of transferring and impregnating the matrix resin on both release papers into an overlapped body (see, for example, Patent Document 3). This method impregnates the laminated body with the matrix resin from both the unidirectional alignment sheet side and the scrim cloth side of the reinforcing fiber, so that the uniformity of the matrix resin impregnation is higher than the above two methods. Since the adhesive strength can be increased, the scrim cloth is hardly lifted. Further, since the matrix resin is impregnated into the unidirectionally aligned reinforcing fiber sheet and the scrim cloth is simultaneously impregnated, the productivity is high. However, on the other hand, the impregnation of the matrix resin with the unidirectionally aligned sheet and the scrim cloth of the reinforcing fiber is performed under the same conditions. Improvement is desired.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-60008 [0008]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-960
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-60-157812 [0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, to prevent the scrim cloth from being lifted due to high adhesive strength of the scrim cloth, and to form FRP excellent in quality and characteristics. It is in providing the scrim cloth bonding unidirectional prepreg which becomes like, and its manufacturing method.
[0011]
In the above,
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a scrim cloth impregnated with a matrix resin is bonded to a unidirectional prepreg containing reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin, and the atmosphere is at a temperature of 24 ° C. and a humidity of 50% Rh. One direction of laminating scrim cloth, wherein the peel strength of the scrim cloth is at least 1,000 g / 25 mm and the reduction rate of the peel strength when left in the above atmosphere for 7 days is 10% or less Provide prepreg.
[0013]
In the above, the reinforcing fibers are preferably carbon fibers, and the scrim cloth is preferably a glass scrim cloth. The basis weight of the matrix resin of the unidirectional prepreg is preferably in the range of 22 to 78 g / m 2 , and that of the glass scrim cloth is preferably in the range of 18 to 62 g / m 2 .
[0014]
The peel strength of the scrim cloth is measured as follows. That is, first, the scrim cloth-bonded unidirectional prepreg is cut into a width of 25 mm and a length of 300 mm with the direction of the reinforcing fiber as the length direction to obtain a test piece. Next, the scrim cloth of a portion from one end of the test piece to 20 mm is peeled off, and the scrim cloth is attached to one chuck of the tensile tester and the one-way prepreg is attached to the other chuck at the peeled portion. Then, a tensile test is performed at a speed of 100 mm / min, and the scrim cloth and the unidirectional prepreg are peeled off in the 180 ° direction. The maximum load at the time of peeling is defined as the peel strength. If the scrim cloth breaks halfway, the peel strength is taken as the load at the time of the break. This tensile test is performed in an atmosphere at a temperature of 24 ° C. and a humidity of 50% Rh. The peel strength of the scrim cloth in an atmosphere at a temperature of 24 ° C. and a humidity of 50% Rh, that is, the initial peel strength is Sb, and the peel strength when left in that atmosphere for 7 days is Sa. Is obtained by the following equation.
[0015]
For the manufacture of a scrim cloth bonded unidirectional prepreg above mentioned, the present invention can be produced by superposition body by superposing scrim cloth to unidirectionally aligned sheet of reinforcing fibers is continuously supplied, the superposition When the release paper with the matrix resin coated on one side is superposed on both sides of the body so that the coated surface faces the stack, and heated and pressurized to transfer and impregnate the matrix resin on both release papers to the stack. The viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the one-way aligning sheet side is maintained in the range of 100 to 200 Pa · s, and that on the scrim cloth side is maintained in the range of 23 to 55 Pa · s. Provided is a method for producing a unidirectional prepreg bonded with a scrim cloth.
[0016]
In the above, it is preferable to use carbon fiber as the reinforcing fiber and glass scrim cloth as the scrim cloth. Moreover, it is preferable to maintain the tension | tensile_strength of a glass scrim cloth in the range of 4-6N. Furthermore, the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 100 to 130 ° C., and the applied pressure is preferably in the range of 1 to 3 kg in terms of linear pressure.
[0017]
The viscosity of the matrix resin is measured in accordance with JIS K 5600-2-3 "Paint General Test Method-Part 2: Properties and Stability of Paint-Section 3: Viscosity (Cone / Plate Viscometer Method)". . The cone angle is 0.8 °, the cone diameter is 48 mm, the shear rate during measurement is 7.5 sec −1 , and the measurement temperature is 100 ° C.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1, reinforcing fiber bundles 1,... Drawn from a plurality of packages (not shown) are guided to a comb 4 through free rotating aligning rolls 2, 3, and are parallel to each other in one direction and in a sheet form. By being aligned, a one-way alignment sheet 5 is obtained. On this one-way aligning sheet 5, a scrim cloth 7 supplied via an introduction roll 6 is overlaid from above.
[0019]
Next, an upper release paper 9 that is supplied to an overlapped body of the one-way aligning sheet 5 and the scrim cloth 7 through an introduction roll 8 and on which one side is coated with a B-stage thermosetting resin; , And introduced through the introduction roll 10, and the lower release paper 11 coated with the B-stage thermosetting resin on the same surface is superposed so that the resin-coated surface faces the laminated body side, The superposed body is heated by the first heater 12 to once reduce the viscosity of the thermosetting resin, and then heated and pressurized by the first impregnation roll 13 composed of the base roll 13a and the nip roll 13b to reinforce the fiber bundle 1 ,... And transfer and impregnation of the thermosetting resin on the release papers 9 and 11 to the scrim cloth 7 and the unidirectional alignment sheet 5 are performed. Such transfer and impregnation are performed by the second heater 14, the second impregnation roll 15 comprising the base roll 15a and the nip roll 15b, and the third heater 16, the third impregnation roll comprising the base roll 17a and the nip roll 17b. 17 in three stages. Thus, a scrim cloth-bonded unidirectional prepreg is obtained. After transfer and impregnation of the thermosetting resin, the upper release paper 9 is peeled off through the outlet rolls 18 and 19, and the scrim cloth-bonded unidirectional prepreg is lowered. The release paper 11 on the side is rolled up in a roll shape to obtain a roll body 20.
[0020]
In the above, the reinforcing fiber bundle is made of high-strength, high-modulus fiber such as carbon fiber, graphite fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, or glass fiber. Most preferred is carbon fiber. When using a carbon fiber and a basis weight of unidirectionally aligned sheet is usually in the range of about 10 to 300 g / m 2.
[0021]
As the thermosetting resin as the matrix resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, or the like can be used. These matrix resins are supplied while being supported on a release paper. In that case, the basis weight of the matrix resin of the unidirectional prepreg in the obtained scrim cloth bonded unidirectional prepreg is in the range of 22 to 78 g / m 2 . The basis weight of the thermosetting resin to be carried is preferably adjusted so that the glass scrim cloth is in the range of 18 to 62 g / m 2 . When the basis weight of the matrix resin of the unidirectional prepreg is too low, the adhesive strength with the scrim cloth is lowered, and the peel strength of the scrim cloth tends to be lowered. In addition, if the basis weight becomes too high, the content of the reinforcing fiber is lowered, and when the FRP is molded, the variation in characteristics becomes large. Therefore, the basis weight of the matrix resin of the unidirectional prepreg is preferably in the range of 22 to 78 g / m 2 . On the other hand, if the basis weight of the matrix resin of the scrim cloth becomes too low, the adhesive strength with the unidirectional prepreg becomes low, and the peel strength of the scrim cloth tends to be low. Further, if the basis weight becomes too high, the scrim cloth may cause misalignment, and when FRP is molded, the variation in characteristics becomes large. Therefore, the basis weight of the matrix resin of the scrim cloth is preferably within a range of 18~62g / m 2.
[0022]
The scrim cloth is usually made of woven yarn of glass fiber, the basis weight is about 10 to 100 g / m 2 , the warp density is about 39 to 60 pieces / 25.4 mm, and the weft density is about 47 to 70 pieces / 25.4 mm. Use one. The glass scrim cloth prevents the reinforcing fiber arrangement of the unidirectional prepreg from being disturbed, and gives a slight reinforcing effect in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fiber direction when the FRP is molded.
[0023]
The glass scrim cloth preferably maintains its tension in the range of 4-6N during the process. If the tension of the glass scrim cloth is too low, wrinkles may be formed when impregnating the matrix resin, while if it is too high, misalignment may occur. Therefore, the tension is preferably in the range of 4 to 6N where there is little risk of causing such inconvenience.
[0024]
The temperature during the impregnation of the matrix resin is preferably in the range of 100 to 130 ° C. If the impregnation temperature is too low, the matrix resin may not be sufficiently impregnated in the one-way alignment sheet or scrim cloth. On the other hand, if it is too high, the matrix resin may be hardened during the impregnation, in which case the obtained unidirectional prepreg becomes hard and the peel strength of the scrim cloth also decreases. Therefore, the temperature during the impregnation is preferably in the range of 100 to 130 ° C. Moreover, it is preferable to make the pressure at the time of impregnation into the range of 1-3 kg in linear pressure. If the pressure at the time of impregnation is too low, the reinforced fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet or scrim cloth may not be sufficiently impregnated with the matrix resin, and in that case, the peel strength of the scrim cloth is reduced. Further, if the pressure is too high, the scrim cloth may be misaligned, resulting in large variations in characteristics when FRP is molded. In the above example, the case where the matrix resin is impregnated in three stages (multistage) has been described. Although it is not essential to perform in multiple stages, if multiple stages are used, the pressure in each stage can be set lower than in the case of one stage, and uniformity of the matrix resin impregnation while preventing inconveniences such as misalignment of the scrim cloth. This is preferable because it can be improved.
[0025]
In the present invention, the viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the unidirectionally aligned sheet side of the reinforcing fiber is maintained in the range of 100 to 200 Pa · s, and that on the scrim cloth side is 23 to 55 Pa · s. Impregnation is performed while maintaining within the range.
[0026]
If the viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the one-way aligning sheet side is lower than 100 Pa · s, the fluidity of the matrix resin in the one-way aligning sheet becomes too high, and the arrangement of the reinforcing fibers is disturbed in one direction. The properties of the prepreg are deteriorated, or the amount of the matrix resin reaching the scrim cloth is insufficient, and the peel strength of the scrim cloth is greatly reduced. On the other hand, if it is higher than 200 Pa · s, the flow of the matrix resin is slow, and the unidirectional alignment sheet is not sufficiently impregnated with the matrix resin, so that the characteristics of the unidirectional prepreg are deteriorated. Further, the amount of the matrix resin reaching the scrim cloth is insufficient, and the peel strength of the scrim cloth is greatly reduced.
[0027]
On the other hand, when the viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the scrim cloth side is lower than 23 Pa · s, the matrix resin passes through the scrim cloth, and the peel strength of the scrim cloth is greatly reduced. On the other hand, if it is higher than 55 Pa · s, it becomes difficult for the matrix resin to pass through the scrim cloth, and the amount of the matrix resin reaching the one-way alignment sheet is insufficient, so that the peel strength of the scrim cloth is greatly reduced.
[0028]
Thus, the viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the unidirectionally aligned sheet side of the reinforcing fiber is not in the range of 100 to 200 Pa · s, and the viscosity on the scrim cloth side is in the range of 23 to 55 Pa · s. Otherwise, the peel strength of the scrim cloth will be greatly reduced. The preferable range of the viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the unidirectionally aligned sheet side is 140 to 160 Pa · s, and the preferable range on the scrim cloth side is 30 to 45 Pa · s. The viscosity of the matrix resin can be easily adjusted by changing the blending amount of the viscosity modifier when preparing the matrix resin.
[0029]
Thus, the peel strength of the scrim cloth in an atmosphere at a temperature of 24 ° C. and a humidity of 50% Rh is at least 1,000 g / 25 mm, and the decrease in peel strength when left in the above atmosphere for 7 days is 10% or less. A scrim cloth bonded unidirectional prepreg is obtained. Such a prepreg has a very high scrim cloth adhesive strength and little deterioration with time, so that the scrim cloth rises and entraps air, and the entrained air becomes voids and remains in the FRP. There is little risk of inconveniences such as degrading quality and characteristics.
[0030]
Examples and Comparative Examples
Example 1:
Using the method shown in FIG. 1, a unidirectional prepreg bonded to a scrim cloth was manufactured.
[0031]
As the reinforcing fibers, carbon fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 7 μm, the number of single fibers of 12,000, a tensile strength of 4,900 MPa, and a tensile elastic modulus of 230 GPa are used, and a plurality of fibers are provided so that the basis weight of the carbon fibers is 100 g / m 2. Were aligned in one direction to obtain a one-way alignment sheet.
[0032]
In addition, as a matrix resin, 100 parts by weight of a mixed resin containing a phenol novolac type epoxy resin and a bisphenol A type epoxy resin in a ratio of 7: 3 by weight, with respect to dicyandiamide and 3- (3,4-type) as a curing agent. Dichlorophenyl) -1, 1dimethylurea was blended at a weight ratio of 5: 3, and the base was used. And, 100 parts by weight of this base with 3 parts by weight of polyvinyl formal added as a viscosity modifier (hereinafter referred to as matrix resin A) and 10 parts by weight (hereinafter referred to as matrix resin B) Two types of matrix resins were used. The viscosity of the matrix resin A at 130 ° C. is 30 Pa · s, and that of the matrix resin B is 150 Pa · s.
[0033]
Further, a release paper coated with the matrix resin A so that the basis weight is 25 g / m 2 (hereinafter referred to as release paper A) and a release paper coated with the matrix resin B so that the basis weight is 32 g / m 2. Two types of release papers (hereinafter referred to as release paper B) were prepared.
[0034]
A glass scrim cloth (weight per unit: 100 g / m 2 , warp density: 60 yarns / 25.4 mm, weft density: 51 yarns / 25.4 mm) overlaid on the unidirectionally aligned sheet, Further, the release paper A was superimposed on the scrim cloth side, and the release paper B was superimposed on the one-way alignment sheet side, and passed through an impregnation roll. The temperature of the impregnation roll was 130 ° C., and the linear pressure was 1.5 kg / cm at the first stage, 1.5 kg / cm at the second stage, and 3.0 kg / cm at the third stage. The specifications of the obtained scrim cloth-laminated unidirectional prepreg were as follows.
[0035]
Matrix resin content: 32% by weight
Peel strength (initial): 1,550 g / 25 mm
Peel strength (after standing for 7 days): 1,510 g / 25 mm
Decrease rate of peel strength: 2.6%
Example 2:
In Example 1, the matrix resin A was changed to one added with 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl formal as a viscosity modifier with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base, and the matrix resin B as a viscosity modifier with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base. It changed into what added 10 weight part of polyvinyl formal. The viscosity of the matrix resin A at 100 ° C. is 25 Pa · s, and that of the matrix resin B is 110 Pa · s. The impregnation temperature was 100 ° C. The specifications of the obtained scrim cloth-laminated unidirectional prepreg were as follows.
[0036]
Matrix resin content: 32% by weight
Peel strength (initial): 1,460 g / 25 mm
Peel strength (after standing for 7 days): 1,420g / 25mm
Decrease rate of peel strength: 2.7%
Comparative Example 1:
In Example 1, the matrix resin A was changed to one added with 6 parts by weight of polyvinyl formal as a viscosity modifier with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base, and the matrix resin B as a viscosity modifier with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base. It changed into what added 15 weight part of polyvinyl formal. The viscosity of the matrix resin A at 80 ° C. is 70 Pa · s, and that of the matrix resin B is 300 Pa · s. The impregnation temperature was 80 ° C. The specifications of the obtained scrim cloth-laminated unidirectional prepreg were as follows.
[0037]
Matrix resin content: 32% by weight
Peel strength (initial): 1,220 g / 25 mm
Peel strength (after standing for 7 days): 630 g / 25 mm
Reduction rate of peel strength: 48.3%
Comparative Example 2:
In Example 1, the matrix resin A was changed to one added with 1 part by weight of polyvinyl formal as a viscosity modifier with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base, and the matrix resin B as a viscosity modifier with respect to 100 parts by weight of the base. It changed into what added 7 weight part of polyvinyl formal. The viscosity of the matrix resin A at 130 ° C. is 15 Pa · s, and that of the matrix resin B is 85 Pa · s. The specifications of the obtained scrim cloth-laminated unidirectional prepreg were as follows.
[0038]
Matrix resin content: 32% by weight
Peel strength (initial): 1,150 g / 25 mm
Peel strength (after standing for 7 days): 570 g / 25 mm
Decrease rate of peel strength: 50.4%
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, a scrim cloth impregnated with a matrix resin is bonded to a unidirectional prepreg containing a reinforcing fiber and a matrix resin, and the peel strength of the scrim cloth is at least at a temperature of 24 ° C. and a humidity of 50% Rh. One of the reinforcing fibers continuously supplied is a scrim cloth-bonded unidirectional prepreg that is 1,000 g / 25 mm and has a decrease rate of peel strength of 10% or less when left in the above atmosphere for 7 days. Overlay the scrim cloth on the direction aligning sheet to make an overlapped body, and then superpose the release paper coated with matrix resin on one side of the overlapped body so that the coated surface faces the overlapped body and heat it. When transferring and impregnating the matrix resin on both release papers into the laminated body by applying pressure, the separation on the unidirectional alignment sheet side is performed. Since it is obtained by maintaining the viscosity of the matrix resin on the paper in the range of 100 to 200 Pa · s and maintaining it on the scrim cloth side in the range of 23 to 55 Pa · s. As apparent from the comparison, the scrim cloth has high adhesive strength, can prevent the scrim cloth from being lifted, and can form an FRP excellent in quality and characteristics.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a state in which a unidirectional prepreg bonded with a scrim cloth of the present invention is manufactured.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: reinforcing fiber bundle 2: aligning roll 3: aligning roll 4: comb 5: unidirectional aligning sheet 6 of reinforcing fibers 6: introduction roll 7: scrim cloth 8: introduction roll 9: release paper 10 coated with a matrix resin : Introduction roll 11: release paper coated with matrix resin 12: first heater 13: first impregnation roll 13 a: base roll 13 b: nip roll 14: second heater 15: second impregnation roll 15 a: base roll 15 b : Nip roll 16: Third heater 17: Third impregnation roll 17 a: Substrate roll 17 b: Nip roll 18: Deriving roll 19: Deriving roll 20: Scrim cloth bonding unidirectional prepreg roll body

Claims (4)

連続的に供給される強化繊維の一方向引き揃えシートにスクリムクロスを重ね合わせて重ね合わせ体とした後、その重ね合わせ体の両面に、一面にマトリクス樹脂を塗布した離型紙を塗布面が重ね合わせ体側を向くように重ね合わせ、加熱、加圧して両離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂を重ね合わせ体に転移、含浸するにあたり、一方向引揃えシート側の離型紙上のマトリクス樹脂の粘度を100〜200Pa・sの範囲内に維持するとともにスクリムクロス側のそれを23〜55Pa・sの範囲内に維持することを特徴とするスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの製造方法。  After a scrim cloth is superimposed on a unidirectionally aligned sheet of reinforcing fibers that are continuously supplied to form an overlapped body, release paper coated with matrix resin on one side is overlaid on both sides of the overlapped body. In order to transfer, impregnate the matrix resin on both release papers to the overlapped body by overlapping, heating and pressurizing so that they face the laminated body, the viscosity of the matrix resin on the release paper on the unidirectionally aligned sheet side is 100 to 100 A method for producing a unidirectional prepreg with scrim cloth bonding, characterized in that it is maintained within a range of 200 Pa · s and that on the scrim cloth side is maintained within a range of 23 to 55 Pa · s. 強化繊維として炭素繊維を用い、スクリムクロスとしてガラススクリムクロスを用いる、請求項に記載のスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの製造方法。Using carbon fiber as the reinforcing fiber, a glass scrim cloth as scrim cloth, scrim cloth method for manufacturing a bonded unidirectional prepreg according to claim 1. ガラススクリムクロスの張力を4〜6Nの範囲内に維持する、請求項またはに記載のスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの製造方法。The manufacturing method of the scrim cloth bonding one-way prepreg of Claim 1 or 2 which maintains the tension | tensile_strength of a glass scrim cloth in the range of 4-6N. 加熱温度を100〜130℃の範囲内とし、加圧力を線圧で1〜3kgの範囲内とする、請求項のいずれかに記載のスクリムクロス貼り合わせ一方向プリプレグの製造方法。The manufacturing method of the scrim cloth bonding one-way prepreg according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the heating temperature is in the range of 100 to 130 ° C and the applied pressure is in the range of 1 to 3 kg in terms of linear pressure.
JP2003119532A 2003-04-24 2003-04-24 Manufacturing method of unidirectional prepreg bonded with scrim cloth Expired - Lifetime JP4134805B2 (en)

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