JP4116362B2 - Method and apparatus for sterilization of plant planting base - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for sterilizing a plant cultivation base used when cultivating plants and fungi.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
Conventionally, when cultivating a plant (used as a term including fungi such as mushrooms in the present specification), the planting base used to plant seedlings or seeds of the plant is determined by a predetermined method. It is common to use sterilized medium that is sterilized as appropriate. Especially in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, sterilization of the medium that is packed in a culture bottle that is a container for planting, that is, culturing of the medium is absolutely indispensable. .
If the sterilization is not complete, it will greatly affect the spread, germination and growth of the inoculum on the culture medium, and it will not be possible to harvest good quality mushrooms.
[0003]
In general mushroom artificial cultivation, the culture bottle is filled with a culture medium whose water content has been adjusted, a hole is made in the culture medium, the culture bottle is placed in a pasteurization apparatus, and the culture medium is sterilized for several hours. In order to inoculate the fungus, the hyphae are placed in a culture room for several tens of days in order to spread in the culture bottle, and after the hyphae have spread, the sprouting operation is carried out for germination and cultivation.
And since it takes a very long time to sterilize the culture medium in this cultivation process, it takes a certain time to enter the culture chamber. The sterilization is performed by steam, and the time to complete the sterilization is 7 hours 30 minutes for normal pressure steam sterilization and 5 hours 30 minutes for high pressure steam sterilization.
[0004]
Accordingly, various methods have been devised to shorten the sterilization time, and sterilization is performed using steam and microwaves together as disclosed in JP-A-2000-225178, JP-A-2-35053, and JP-A-7-115944. A method and the like are also disclosed.
However, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, it is necessary to keep moisture changes in the culture medium at the time of sterilization and to prevent alteration of sawdust, rice bran, etc. that are raw materials of the culture medium. In the method of sterilization using both steam and microwave, sterilization unevenness is likely to occur, and the moisture in the culture medium is not satisfactory, and as a result, it is not suitable for planting good quality mushrooms It has not been reached.
Therefore, the current situation is that in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, a steam pot or a high-pressure pot that still takes a long time to complete sterilization is used.
[0005]
【the purpose】
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can be used for sterilization of plant or seed plant cultivation bases. In mushroom cultivation, mushrooms are grown and the quality at the time of harvesting is not deteriorated. An object of the present invention is to provide a sterilization method and a sterilization apparatus that can reduce the time required for sterilization of a culture medium.
[0006]
[Means for solving problems]
The gist of the present invention is that a planting base is packed in a planting container, a drilling rod for opening a plant or seed planting hole is inserted into the culture medium, and steam is generated from the drilling rod. This is a method for sterilizing a plant cultivation base of a plant characterized by spraying and simultaneously piercing and sterilizing the culture medium.
[0007]
And the apparatus by said sterilization method can be inserted in at least the mounting part of the planting container and the planting base packed in the container, opens a hole for planting the plant or seed, and sterilizes the culture medium The drilling sterilization section is provided with a drilling sterilization section provided with a drilling rod, and a steam receiving port is formed on the upper side and a steam conduction path is formed inside the drilling bar. A plant sterilization device for plant cultivation base, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in the passage.
[0008]
The sterilization method and sterilization apparatus of the present invention will be described in more detail. A planting container is a container or the like in which plants are planted for cultivating plants or seeds or for watching. Plants are flowers, trees, grasses, moss, crops, etc. that have leaves, stems, roots, etc., and in principle include seed fungi such as mushrooms. In particular, the term “seed” includes mushroom-cultivated inoculum and the like.
For example, what is applied to ordinary plants is a cylinder with a flat bottom that has an appropriately raised rim and bottom, that is, a pot or a pot, and what is applied to mushroom cultivation is a culture bottle or the like. Yes, it is formed from a predetermined material.
[0009]
The planting base is a culture base that is used when cultivating plants and seeds in the above container, and the type of the culture base is not particularly limited. In the cultivation of mushrooms, the culture medium is called a culture medium.
Insert the hole into the culture medium and open the hole for planting the seeds of plants or seeds, considering the plant and seeds to be planted in the culture medium, the shape of the planting container, the depth of the culture medium, etc. A suitable diameter or length may be used as appropriate. The hole punching bar may be provided singly or in a plurality depending on the number of holes to be opened in the culture medium in one container.
[0010]
The cross-sectional shape of the perforated bar is not limited to a circular shape, and may be a suitable shape depending on the plant or seed. That is, the opening shape of the hole can be many different shapes and sizes.
In addition to the vapor conduction path formed inside the perforated rod, the steam fed into the perforated bar can be easily used in a plurality of through holes following the conduction path formed around the rod. There is no particular limitation on the width, cross-sectional shape, and the like of the conduction path and the through-hole as long as they can travel inside and can be injected from the through-hole. The steam receiving port of the drilling rod may be formed in a desired opening shape at a suitable position above the rod.
[0011]
Furthermore, the arrangement | positioning form around the stick | rod of a through-hole is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just to determine suitably by the depth etc. of the culture medium packed in the container for planting.
The material of the punching rod may be formed from a suitable material, but it should be able to withstand at least the temperature of the vapor passing through the inside. For example, it is a metal material, and may be formed from a single metal or a combination of a number of metals.
The steam may be anything as long as it is effective for sterilization, and may be performed using steam at normal pressure or high pressure as appropriate. Moreover, what is necessary is just to inject the injection force of a vapor | steam with a suitable pressure.
[0012]
And the placement part of the container for planting provided in a sterilizer is a part which places the container for planting packed with planting bases, and it is constituted so that a single or plural placement is possible according to the form of the container. That's fine. For example, in the cultivation of mushrooms, it is normal to accommodate and handle 16 culture bottles in one container, and it is desirable to secure at least a size in which one container can be placed.
In addition, the sterilization apparatus may be appropriately provided with a conveying means such as a manual or automatic conveyor so that the sterilization apparatus can be incorporated as a component of a system apparatus that automatically bottles and punches culture medium. It is better to configure.
[0013]
A hole sterilization unit is a part where a hole for inoculating inoculum is made in a culture medium of a container placed on the mounting part and the medium is sterilized, and the container in which the above-mentioned drilling rod is placed on the mounting part And the number of holes to be opened in the culture medium in one container. Moreover, you may comprise a perforation stick | rod so that replacement | exchange is possible by the form of a container, or the number of holes.
The steam generator for generating steam for sterilization is provided separately from the sterilizer and configured to be supplied from the steam generator to the perforating rod through pipes such as pipes, or in the sterilizer. You may make it install and install. An opening / closing valve for controlling the supply of steam is preferably provided in front of the piercing rod, and the valve is not particularly limited, but is preferably an electromagnetic valve that can be electrically opened / closed.
[0014]
Also, the hole making method is not particularly limited and may be performed by a desired method. For example, by fixing the hole making rod and raising the mounting portion by an appropriate lifting means, the culture medium in the container You may make it insert a hole-drilling rod.
Alternatively, the mounting portion may be fixed on the contrary, and the drilling rod may be inserted into the culture medium in the container by lowering the drilling rod by a suitable lifting means. In this case, a part or all of the steam supply pipe connected to the perforated bar is made of a material that can follow the lifting operation. For example, a rubber hose or the like.
[0015]
[Action]
Since the sterilization method and sterilization apparatus of the present invention are configured as described above, in the sterilization method, the planting base in the planting container is drilled for planting seeds or seeds, and the culture medium is sterilized. In addition, since the sterilization is performed by directly injecting steam into the culture medium, it is possible to sterilize every corner of the culture medium and to perform it in a short time. Thereby, the water | moisture content change in a culture medium can be suppressed to the minimum.
[0016]
In the sterilization device, when a planting container packed with a planting base is set on the mounting part, a punching rod provided in the punching sterilization part is inserted into the culture medium from the opening of the container, When the tip of the opening rod reaches the bottom of the container, the on-off valve for supplying the steam opens and the steam is injected from the through hole around the opening rod. Then, after the steam is injected for a predetermined time, the on-off valve is closed and the perforated rod is extracted from the culture medium. Thereafter, a plant or seed planting hole has been formed in the culture medium, and the culture medium has been sterilized.
[0017]
【Example】
The sterilization method and sterilization apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the sterilization method according to the present invention, and this figure relates to cultivation of mushrooms.
(A) The figure is a process of filling culture medium 1 in culture bottle 1. 4 is a delivery pipe of the culture medium 3.
(B) The figure shows the step of inserting the drilling rod 5 into the culture medium 3 to form a hole for inoculation of the inoculum. Reference numeral 171 denotes a joint portion between the delivery pipe 17 for the steam 15 and the perforating bar 5.
(C) The figure shows a process of sterilizing the culture medium 3 by injecting steam 15 from the injection port 7 of the punching bar 5.
(D) The figure shows the culture medium 3 with the planting holes 8 formed after the drilling and sterilization of the culture medium 3 is completed and the drilling rod 5 is pulled out.
[0018]
In this sterilization method, when steam is sprayed directly on a culture medium having a water content of 63.0%, the water content of the culture medium becomes 64.0% by steam injection for 5 seconds, and steam for 12 seconds. The injection rate is 65.2%.
Of course, the culture medium is sufficiently sterilized by steam injection for 5 seconds, but even if it is performed with a time margin of 2 times or more, it is possible to keep the water increase by 1.0% to 2.2%. That is, in the case of sterilizing by directly injecting steam into a culture medium having a moisture content of 63.0% for 5 seconds, the moisture content of the culture medium is 63% after sterilization by setting the moisture content of the culture medium to 62.0%. The optimum value is 0%. Accordingly, the sterilization time is short and the amount of water can be adjusted, so that it is possible to prevent alteration of the raw material of the culture medium.
[0019]
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the drilling rod, which shows the drilling rod alone removed from the joint 171 of the delivery pipe 17 connected to the steam generator 14.
5 is a perforated rod, and 6 is a conduction path for steam 15 formed inside. Reference numeral 7 denotes an injection port for the steam 15 drilled around the perforating rod 5, and continues to the conduction path 6. Reference numeral 51 denotes an inlet for the steam 15 delivered from the steam generator 14.
[0020]
FIG. 3 is a side view of the sterilizing apparatus, FIG. 4 is a punctured and sterilized state, 9 is a sterilizing apparatus using the sterilizing method according to the present invention, 10 is a culture bottle 1 accommodated in a container 11 Is a perforation sterilization unit that simultaneously drills the seedling planting hole 8 and sterilizes the culture medium 3 in the culture medium 3 inside the culture bottle 1.
Reference numeral 13 denotes an elevating unit that raises and lowers the culture bottle 1 together with the container 11, and 131 denotes a drive motor that drives the elevating mechanism. That is, by raising the culture bottle 1 accommodated in the container 11, the perforated rod 5 fixed upward is inserted into the culture bottle 1 through the opening 2 of the culture bottle 1 and inserted into the culture medium 3.
[0021]
14 is a steam generator that generates steam 15 for sterilization, and the steam 15 generated by the steam generator 14 is controlled to be freely sent to the punching bar 5 by the on-off valve 16. When the tip substantially reaches the bottom of the culture bottle 1, the on-off valve 16 is opened and the steam 15 is injected from the injection port 7 around the perforated bar 5.
Then, after the steam 15 is injected for a predetermined time, the on-off valve 16 is closed, and the culture bottle 1 is lowered, whereby the punching bar 5 is extracted from the culture medium 3. After that, the seedling planting hole 8 is formed in the culture medium 3, and the sterilization of the culture medium 3 is also completed. Reference numeral 18 denotes a control panel of the sterilizer 9.
[0022]
FIG. 5 is a side view showing an example of an automated system in which the sterilizing apparatus of the present invention is incorporated, in which 19 is a feeding machine for feeding the empty culture bottle 1 to the subsequent bottling machine 20, and 20 is fed. This is a bottling machine for putting the culture medium 3 into the empty culture bottle 1 by a predetermined operation.
Reference numeral 9 denotes a sterilization apparatus according to the present invention, in which an inoculum planting step and the like are installed in the subsequent stage. Reference numeral 21 denotes a conveyor for conveying the container 11.
[0023]
【effect】
Since the sterilization method and sterilization apparatus of the present invention are configured as described above, the cultivating medium used for planting of ordinary plants and germination and growing of seeds to the culturing medium used for cultivation of mushrooms, that is, culturing of the culturing medium is performed. Furthermore, the sterilization and the drilling of plants or seeds can be performed simultaneously.
Since the sterilization is performed by directly injecting steam into the culture medium, it is possible to reliably sterilize every corner of the culture medium in a short time. Therefore, the change in the moisture in the culture medium can be kept to a minimum, and the moisture can be adjusted, so that alterations such as sawdust and rice bran as raw materials for the culture medium can be prevented. Thereby, since the growth state of a mushroom can be kept favorable, a mushroom of good quality can be harvested.
[0024]
In terms of economy, the time required for sterilization can be extremely short, so that the fuel required for generating steam can be greatly reduced, and this is an economically excellent sterilization method.
And since shortening of sterilization time was aimed at, the time from the packing of a culture medium to carrying in to a culture room is reduced, and it contributes also to the improvement of a cultivation rate.
Further, since sterilization and drilling can be performed simultaneously, at least the steps from the bottling of the culture medium to the sterilization can be configured in one line.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a sterilization method according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a piercing rod. FIG. 3 is a side view of a sterilizer. Side view showing an example of an automated system incorporating a sterilizer [Explanation of symbols]
1-culture bottle, 2-opening, 3-medium, 4-delivery pipe, 5-drilling rod, 51-receiving port, 6-conducting path, 7-injection port, 8-planting hole, 9-sterilizing device, 10-mounting section, 11-container, 12-drilling sterilization section, 13-lifting section, 131-drive motor, 14-steam generator, 15-steam, 16-open / close valve, 17-feed pipe, 171-joint , 18-control panel, 19-feeder, 20-bottling machine, 21-conveyor

Claims (2)

Fill the planting container with a planting base, insert a drilling rod into the culture medium to make holes for plant or seed planting, and spray steam from the drilling bar to pierce the culture medium. A method for sterilizing plant planting bases, characterized by performing sterilization simultaneously At least a mounting part for a planting container and a holed rod for opening a plant or seed planting hole and sterilizing the culture medium that can be inserted into the planting base packed in the container are provided. It is composed of a hole sterilization section, and the hole drilling rod has a steam receiving port formed in the upper part and a steam conduction path formed inside, and a plurality of through holes that follow the conduction path are formed around the bar Plant sterilizer for plant cultivation base, characterized in that

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