JP2003158921A - Cultivation method for mushroom using liquid spawn - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method for mushroom suitable for inoculating liquid spawn to a medium filled in a cultivation jar. <P>SOLUTION: This cultivation method for mushroom using the liquid spawn comprises filling the medium 11 in the cultivation jar 10, inoculating the liquid spawn 30 to the medium 11 and harvesting mushroom through a culture process and a growth process. The liquid spawn 30 is radiated toward almost the whole surface of the inner surface of the inoculation holes 11a using an inoculation tool having a nozzle 12a to discharge the liquid spawn after filling the medium 11 in the cultivation jar and making inoculation holes 11a in the medium 11 and also the liquid spawn 30 is radiated toward the surface of the medium at a jar port so as to inoculate the liquid spawn. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms using a liquid inoculum.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as mushrooms, beech shimeji mushrooms, etc., a culture bottle is filled with a medium, inoculated with a seed culture, and the mushrooms are harvested through a culture step and a growth step. Regarding the cultivation method of these mushrooms, the growth environment and cultivation process are slightly different depending on the kind of mushroom, but the basic cultivation method has been established. By the way, the inoculum used in the artificial cultivation of such mushrooms is a solid inoculum using sawdust inoculum prepared from a sawdust or corncob or the like as a culture medium of the inoculum or cereals.

However, in the case of such a conventional inoculum, there is a problem that it takes a long time to provide the inoculum and a wide facility for culturing the inoculum is required, so that the culturing can be performed in a shorter period of time. A method of cultivating mushrooms by inoculating a liquid inoculum capable of stabilizing the quality is being studied. The liquid inoculum is obtained by adding inoculum cultured from a preserved strain to a sterilized culture solution and culturing for a certain period of time.

[0004]

Even when liquid inoculum is used, the liquid inoculum is inoculated into the medium from the bottle mouth of the culture bottle filled with the medium, and the mushrooms that have undergone the culture and growth steps are harvested. The basic cultivation method is not different from the case of using a conventional inoculum such as sawdust inoculum, but since a liquid inoculum is used, a distinctive cultivation method different from the conventional cultivation method can be used. This enables more effective mushroom cultivation.

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms using such liquid inoculum, which makes it possible to efficiently grow mushrooms by utilizing the characteristics of the liquid inoculum and to obtain a good quality mushroom. It is intended to provide a method for cultivating a mushroom using an inoculum.

[0006]

The present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above object. That is, a cultivation bottle is filled with a medium, a medium is inoculated with a liquid inoculum, and a mushroom cultivation method using a liquid inoculum for harvesting mushrooms through a culturing step and a growing step, wherein the cultivation bottle is filled with the medium. , After the inoculation hole is opened in the medium, using an inoculation device equipped with a nozzle for ejecting the liquid inoculum, while irradiating the liquid inoculum to almost the entire inner surface of the inoculum, the medium of the bottle mouth It is characterized in that liquid inoculum is emitted toward the surface to inoculate the liquid inoculum. In addition, the nozzle of the inoculation device, a funnel-shaped portion having an enlarged upper side, and a thin tubular portion that extends from the funnel-shaped portion toward the discharge port and emits liquid seed bacteria toward the inside of the inoculation hole. An attachment is provided, which is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the thin cylindrical portion and includes a diffusion blade that emits liquid inoculum toward the culture medium at the bottle mouth. Further, when inoculating the liquid inoculum into the medium using a nozzle that discharges the liquid inoculum in a shower shape, a step of irradiating the liquid inoculum from the upper position of the bottle mouth toward the surface of the medium at the bottle mouth, and inoculation And a step of radiating liquid inoculum from a lower position near the opening of the hole toward the inside of the inoculation hole.

Further, there is provided a mushroom cultivating method using a liquid inoculum in which a culture bottle is filled with a medium, the medium is inoculated with the liquid inoculum, and the mushrooms are harvested through a culturing step and a growing step.
After the culture process, when scraping the fungus bed surface, the pressing plate presses the fungal bed surface so that the water contained in the medium floats up to the medium surface, and the pressing plate presses the fungal bed surface. Is characterized in that the pressing plate is frictionally rotated in a plane. Further, a cultivation bottle is filled with a medium, a medium is inoculated with a liquid inoculum, and a mushroom cultivation method using a liquid inoculum for harvesting mushrooms through a culturing step and a growing step. When the bacteria are scraped, the pressing plate presses the central part of the bacterial bed surface, and the surface of the bacterial bed surface around the pressing plate is scratched by the bacterial scraping blade.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. (Method of inoculating liquid inoculum) FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of an inoculating device for inoculating the culture bottle 10 filled with the medium with the liquid inoculum. The inoculation device shown here is configured to inoculate the culture bottle 10 housed in the container with the liquid inoculum for each row of the container. 12 is a nozzle head for ejecting liquid inoculum, 12a is a nozzle, 14 is an air tube connected to each nozzle head 12, and 16 is a support plate that supports the nozzle head 12 in accordance with the arrangement intervals of the cultivation bottles 10. .

In the inoculation device of this embodiment, in order to make the distance between the nozzle 12a and the medium surface at the time of inoculating the liquid inoculum constant, the bottle mouth of each cultivation bottle 10 passes and the shoulder of the cultivation bottle 10 passes. Holding plate 1 in which an opening hole with which the portion abuts is formed
8 and the support plate 16 are connected by a hanging plate 20. With this configuration, when the pressing plate 18 is lowered from above at the inoculation position and the pressing plate 18 is brought into contact with the shoulder portion of the cultivation bottle 10, the nozzle 12a grows at a certain distance above the surface of the culture medium of the cultivation bottle 10 for cultivation. Since it is located in the approximate center of the bottle mouth of the bottle 10, by making the inoculation position by the nozzle 12a constant, it is possible to inoculate a uniform inoculum.

Each of the nozzle heads 12 is in communication with a seed culture tank (not shown) in which a liquid seed culture is stored, and a constant pressure is constantly applied to the seed culture tank to allow the seed culture from the nozzle 12a via the seed culture tube. Are provided so that they can be discharged. The nozzle head 12 is provided with an opening / closing valve that controls the discharge of the inoculum, and the air tube 14
The opening time of the on-off valve is controlled by the air pressure supplied via the, and the inoculation amount of the liquid inoculum is controlled.

FIG. 1 shows a method of inoculating a liquid inoculum in the present embodiment. The feature of the liquid inoculum inoculation method of the present embodiment is that when the liquid inoculum 30 is discharged from the nozzle 12a, the inside of the inoculation hole 11a and the medium 11 formed in the medium 11 filled in the cultivation bottle 10. That is, the ejection direction of the liquid inoculum is adjusted so that the liquid inoculum 30 is ejected on both surfaces 11b. It should be noted that the inoculation hole 11a is an elongated hole that is inserted into the culture bottle 10 from the mouth of the culture bottle 10 toward the inside of the culture medium 11 by filling the culture bottle 10 with the culture medium 11 and leads to the vicinity of the bottom of the culture bottle 10. It is formed into a shape.

When seeds are inoculated using a nozzle that discharges liquid seeds in the form of a normal shower, the surface 1 of the medium 11 is
The liquid inoculum is only inoculated to the entrance portion of 1b and the inoculation hole 11a, and the liquid inoculum reaches the inner side of the inoculation hole 11a without being inoculated. Inoculation hole 1 in medium 11 of cultivation bottle 10
The reason why 1a is provided is to allow the mycelium to extend from the inside of the medium 11 so that the entire medium 11 is allowed to spin around the bacteria as quickly as possible. Therefore, when inoculating the liquid inoculum, the liquid inoculum must reach the inside of the inoculation hole 11a sufficiently. In order to ensure that the liquid inoculum is inoculated into the inoculation hole 11a in the inoculum inoculating device of the present embodiment, the liquid inoculum is radiated toward the inoculation hole 11a inside the nozzle 12a, and at the same time, the medium is inoculated. 11
An attachment for controlling the ejection direction of the liquid inoculum is attached to the surface 11b of the above so as to emit the liquid inoculum.

FIG. 2A shows a state in which the attachment 40 is attached to the nozzle 12a, and FIG. 2B shows the attachment 40.
And a bottom view of the attachment 40 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the attachment 40 has a thin tubular portion 42 extending from the funnel-shaped portion 41 whose upper side expands to the discharge port side of the nozzle, and a screw-shaped diffusion blade on the outer periphery of the thin tubular portion 42. 43 is formed in a wound shape. The funnel-shaped portion 41 and the thin cylindrical portion 42 guide downward in the discharge direction of the liquid seed bacteria supplied to the nozzle 12a,
It acts to squeeze liquid inoculum into thin pieces.

On the other hand, the diffusion blades 43 provided on the outer periphery of the thin cylindrical portion 42 have a function of diffusing the liquid inoculum flowing down along the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle 12a around the discharge port of the nozzle 12a and radiating it. The diffusion blade 43 is not limited to the one formed in a screw shape as long as it has an action of diffusing and radiating the liquid inoculum. by this,
Even when the nozzle 12a is inoculated at a position relatively close to the surface 11b of the medium 11, the surface 11b of the medium 11 is
It is possible to inoculate the entire surface of the liquid inoculum. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the liquid inoculum inoculating device of the present embodiment has a radiant flow for ejecting the liquid inoculum in a relatively squeezed form toward the inoculation hole 11 a and a liquid flow toward the surface 11 b of the medium 11. It is characterized in that the liquid inoculum is inoculated by providing a radiant flow for ejecting the liquid inoculum in a diffused form.

Thus, when inoculating the liquid inoculum,
By inoculating the inoculum to the inner side of the inoculation hole 11a of the medium 11 and evenly inoculating the surface 11b of the medium 11 with the liquid inoculum, it is possible to preferably perform the surrounding of the inoculum in the medium 11. The culture period can be shortened and extremely good culture can be performed. In the case of sawdust inoculum, the inoculum is inoculated by dropping the inoculum into the inoculum, but in this case the inoculum is only partially attached inside the inoculum, whereas in the case of the liquid inoculum. Has the advantage that the inoculum can be inoculated over the entire inoculation hole 11a. Further, liquid inoculum has an advantage that it can easily penetrate into the medium 11 as compared with sawdust inoculum.

According to the liquid inoculum inoculation method shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the present embodiment, the cultivation period can be further shortened by the cultivation method using the liquid inoculum. For example, in the case of cultivating beech shimeji, the culture period when using sawdust inoculum is 95 days to 110 days, and by using the liquid inoculum, the culture period can be shortened to about 80 days to 100 days. According to the method of inoculating the liquid inoculum shown in 2, the culture period can be shortened to 70 days to 95 days. As described above, the liquid inoculum inoculation method of the above-described embodiment is effective in shortening the period of microbial growth in the medium, and can shorten the culture period.

Inoculation hole 11a when inoculating a liquid inoculum
It is important as an inoculum inoculation method using a liquid inoculum to inoculate both the entire inner surface of and the surface 11b of the medium 11 with the inoculum. In the above-described embodiment, the attachment 40 is attached to the nozzle 12a to enable such inoculum inoculation, but as shown in FIG. 4, by changing the inoculation position of the nozzle 12a, an inoculum inoculation similar to the above-described method can be performed. It is possible to do.

That is, in the liquid seed culture inoculation method shown in FIG. 4, the liquid seed culture 30 is inoculated onto the surface 11b of the medium 11 from an upper position relatively far from the surface 11b of the culture medium 11, and then the nozzle 12a is Surface 11b of medium 11
And the liquid inoculum is inoculated mainly toward the inside of the inoculation hole 11a. 4A shows the nozzle 12a in the upper position, and FIG. 4B shows the nozzle 12a.
It shows a state in which the liquid inoculum 30 is inoculated with a being in the lower position. By irradiating the liquid inoculum at the upper position of the nozzle 12a, the inoculum can be inoculated on the surface 11b of the culture medium 11 at the bottle mouth, and the liquid inoculum can be emitted at the lower position close to the opening of the inoculation hole 11a. By inoculation hole 11
The liquid inoculum can be inoculated to the inside of a.

The method of inoculating the liquid inoculum in this case is as follows.
The inoculation may be carried out in two steps of the upper position and the lower position, and the order of inoculation in the upper position and the lower position is not particularly limited, and it is possible to inoculate in the lower position and then in the upper position.
The nozzle 12 is used when inoculating liquid inoculum as in this embodiment.
When changing the height position of a and inoculating, the attachment 4 which controls the discharge direction of the liquid inoculum inside the nozzle 12a.
It is not necessary to mount 0, and there is an advantage that the liquid inoculum can be inoculated using a normal nozzle. However, it is necessary to control the height position of the nozzle 12a in stages and inoculate in two times. On the other hand, in the case of the above-described embodiment, there is an advantage that the height position of the nozzle 12a is fixed at a fixed position and the inoculation can be performed once. In any case, in the embodiment, the surface 1 of the medium 11 is
The ratio of the amount of the liquid inoculum to be inoculated to 1b and the amount of the liquid inoculum to be inoculated to the inoculation hole 11a was set to about 1: 1, which allowed good mushroom cultivation.

(Bacterial scraping method) In the artificial cultivation of mushrooms using a cultivation bottle, bacterial scraping is performed after the culturing step. This bacterial scraping is an operation for removing the inoculum remaining on the surface of the culture medium and slightly scraping off the surface (bacterial bed surface) of the culture medium to generate mushroom fruiting bodies from the bacterial surface. . The fungus scraping method is a method of scraping fungi such as enoki mushrooms to remove all the inoculum covering the fungus bed surface, and a beech shimeji mushroom that leaves the center part of the fungus bed surface in the shape of a hill. There is a method of scratching the bacteria. By the way, in mushroom cultivation using liquid inoculum, unlike conventional inoculation of sawdust inoculum, inoculum (sawdust) does not remain on the surface of the medium, so it is a stimulating action to generate fruiting bodies as a bacterial scraping operation. Will be the main purpose.

In the conventional artificial cultivation of mushrooms, the fungus scraping is performed by scraping off the fungal floor surface assuming a stimulation operation for generating fruiting bodies. On the other hand, when liquid inoculum is used, it is possible to effectively produce fruiting bodies and to harvest mushrooms by scratching the bacteria as follows.

FIG. 5 shows a method for scraping fungi in cultivating edible mushrooms. In the cultivation of enoki mushrooms, the fungus bed surface 11c is pressed by the disc-shaped pressing plate 50, and the pressing plate 50 frictionally rotates about half a turn in the plane while keeping the fungus bed surface of the medium 11 pressed. . The purpose of pressing the fungal bed surface 11c by the pressing plate 50 is to press the medium 11 and to remove the water contained in the medium 11 from the medium 1.
The reason is that it is possible to make it rise up to the surface of 1.
Further, the purpose of frictionally rotating the pressing plate 50 about half a turn is to roughen the fungal bed surface 11c and stimulate the occurrence of mushrooms. The angle at which the pressing plate 50 is rotated may be appropriately adjusted, and may be rotated halfway or more.

In the case of cultivating mushrooms with enoki mushrooms, by scraping the bacteria in this manner, the germination in the germination step after scraping the germs can be performed well. In the sprouting step, conventionally, humidification is performed to promote sprouting, but according to the method for scraping bacteria of the present embodiment, by pressing the medium 11 with the pressing plate 50, water is floated to the surface of the medium 11. When the fungus floor surface 11c rises and gets wet, it becomes possible to sprouting without humidifying in the sprouting step. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, since the bacteria can be scratched only by the operation of pressing and twisting the fungus bed surface 11c by the pressing plate 50, the operation becomes easier as compared with the conventional bacteria scratching direction. Further, since the bacterial scraps are not generated during the bacterial scraping, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to treat the bacterial scraps.

FIG. 6 shows a method of scraping bacteria in cultivating beech shimeji. Unlike the case of Enoki mushroom, in the case of Buna-shimeji mushroom, the central portion of the fungus bed surface 11c is pressed by the pressing plate 52, and the surroundings of the pressing plate 52 is scratched by the bacteria scraping blade 54. Reference numeral 11d indicates a site where the bacteria are scraped by the bacteria scraping blade 54. In the case of Buna-shimeji, the pressing plate 52 merely serves to press the medium 11, and the twisting operation is not performed. By pressing the fungus bed surface 11c with the pressing plate 52, the water content in the medium 11 can be made to rise up to the fungus bed surface 11c, and buds can be easily sprouted as in the case of the mushroom.

In the case of Buna shimeji, the fruiting body in the form of a strain is used in order to scrape off the surface of the fungal bed surface 11c partially by scraping the fungus bed surface 11c around the pressing plate 52 with the fungus scraping blade 54. Because it is necessary to grow. By scraping the peripheral part of the fungus bed surface 11c with the center part left, the center part of the fungal bed surface 11c is slightly raised, and the fruiting body is suppressed from being generated from the peripheral part of the fungus bed surface 11c. As a result, a fruiting body is generated from the central portion of the fungal bed surface 11c, and the mushroom can be grown in the form of a strain.

The following is an example of cultivating beech swordfish by applying the method of the present invention. Using a culture bottle with a volume of 850 ml, a medium material having a volume ratio of 60% sawdust and 40% corncob, 60 g of rice bran, 40 g of bran, soybean hulls 2 as nutrients
A culture bottle was filled with a medium containing 0 g of the additive and 3 g of the additive, and after the sterilization step, liquid inoculum was inoculated by the inoculation method shown in FIG. After inoculation, move to culture room, temperature 22 ℃, humidity 70 ~ 7
Cultured at 5% for 80 days. After scraping the bacteria by the method shown in FIG. 6, sprouting was carried out, and after 21 days in the growing step, mushrooms were harvested. The mushroom yield averaged 280 g per bottle.

[0027]

As described above, according to the method for cultivating mushrooms using the liquid inoculum according to the present invention, the surface of the medium near the mouth of the inoculum and the inoculum of the inoculum are compared with the medium in which the inoculum is formed. By inoculating the liquid inoculum on the entire inner surface, it is possible to shorten the culture period and perform suitable culture. Further, according to the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a suitable mushroom cultivation method using a liquid inoculum, which allows the fungus to be scratched by a simple operation and can be reliably sprouted. And so on.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a method of inoculating a liquid inoculum in a mushroom cultivation method using the liquid inoculum according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a nozzle of a liquid inoculum inoculation device.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a liquid inoculum inoculation device.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another inoculation method of liquid inoculum.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a method of scraping bacteria in cultivating Enoki mushroom.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a method for scraping bacteria in cultivating beech shimeji.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 cultivation bottles 11 medium 11a Inoculation hole 12 nozzle head 12a nozzle 14 air tubes 16 Support plate 18 Press plate 20 hanging plate 30 liquid seeds 40 attachments 41 Funnel-shaped part 42 Thin tube 43 Diffusion blade 50, 52 Press plate 54 Bacteria scraping blade

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum, which comprises filling a culture bottle with a medium, inoculating the medium with a liquid inoculum, and harvesting mushrooms that have undergone a culturing step and a growing step. After inoculating the inoculum into the medium and using a vaccination device equipped with a nozzle to discharge the liquid inoculum, irradiate the liquid inoculum to almost the entire inner surface of the inoculum, A method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum, wherein the liquid inoculum is inoculated by irradiating the liquid inoculum onto the surface of the medium. 2. A funnel-shaped portion having an enlarged upper side in a nozzle of the inoculation device, and a thin tube extending from the funnel-shaped portion toward a discharge port and radiating liquid inoculum into the inoculation hole. The liquid inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the attachment is provided with a portion and a diffusion blade that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the thin cylindrical portion and radiates the liquid inoculum toward the culture medium of the bottle mouth. Mushroom cultivation method using. 3. A step of radiating liquid inoculum from the upper position of the bottle mouth toward the surface of the medium at the bottle mouth when inoculating the medium with the liquid inoculum using a nozzle for discharging the liquid seed germ in a shower shape. The method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum according to claim 1, further comprising the step of irradiating the liquid inoculum toward the inside of the inoculum from a lower position near the opening of the inoculum. 4. A method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum, which comprises filling a culture bottle with a medium, inoculating the medium with a liquid inoculum, and harvesting mushrooms that have undergone a culturing step and a growing step. When scraping bacteria on the floor surface, the pressing plate presses the bacterial bed surface so that the water contained in the medium floats up to the medium surface, and the pressing plate flattens the pressing plate while pressing the bacterial surface. A method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum, which is characterized by rotating frictionally inside the mushroom. 5. A method for cultivating a mushroom using a liquid inoculum, which comprises filling a culture bottle with a medium, inoculating the medium with a liquid inoculum, and harvesting mushrooms that have undergone a culture step and a growth step. When scratching the floor surface, while pressing the central portion of the fungus bed surface by the pressing plate, a liquid inoculum characterized in that the surface of the fungal bed surface around the pressing plate is scratched by the bacteria scraping blade. The mushroom cultivation method used.