JP4028502B2 - Cooling water control method for refrigerator - Google Patents

Cooling water control method for refrigerator Download PDF

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JP4028502B2
JP4028502B2 JP2004072225A JP2004072225A JP4028502B2 JP 4028502 B2 JP4028502 B2 JP 4028502B2 JP 2004072225 A JP2004072225 A JP 2004072225A JP 2004072225 A JP2004072225 A JP 2004072225A JP 4028502 B2 JP4028502 B2 JP 4028502B2
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refrigerator
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達 村澤
敏明 小川
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Tonets Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

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Description

本発明は、冷凍機の冷却水制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a cooling water control method for a refrigerator.

一次側に冷却水を循環させ、二次側に冷水を循環させて熱源負荷を設けた冷凍機において、冷却水循環系には冷却水ポンプとともに冷却塔が設けられる。この冷却水流量は、通常、冷凍機の定格流量として一定流量で運転される。   In a refrigerator in which cooling water is circulated on the primary side and cold water is circulated on the secondary side to provide a heat source load, a cooling tower is provided in the cooling water circulation system together with a cooling water pump. This cooling water flow rate is normally operated at a constant flow rate as the rated flow rate of the refrigerator.

図７は、従来の冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンの制御方法の説明図である。図示したように、冷凍機の冷却水出口温度にかかわらず、ポンプは一定の定格水量で冷却水を循環させる。冷却塔の冷却水出口温度が下降した場合は、冷却塔ファンの駆動台数を減らすことにより負荷減少や外気温度下降などによる冷却水温度の下降に対処して冷却水温度が下がりすぎないようにする。   FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional cooling water pump and cooling tower fan control method. As shown in the drawing, the pump circulates the cooling water with a constant rated water amount regardless of the cooling water outlet temperature of the refrigerator. If the cooling water outlet temperature of the cooling tower falls, reduce the number of cooling tower fans to cope with the cooling water temperature drop due to load reduction or outside air temperature fall so that the cooling water temperature does not drop too much .

しかしながら、このような一定の定格水量でポンプを運転するのでは、負荷によっては無駄な電力消費となり冷凍機を用いたシステム全体の運転効率が低下して総合的な消費電力が増加する場合がある。   However, if the pump is operated with such a constant rated water volume, depending on the load, wasteful power consumption may result, and the overall operating efficiency of the system using the refrigerator may decrease and the overall power consumption may increase. .

一方、熱源負荷に応じて冷却水の流量を変える冷凍機の冷却水変流量装置が特許文献１に記載されている。この特許文献１に記載の冷却水変流量装置は、冷却水入口温度に応じて、冷却水出入口温度差一定制御モードと冷却水出口温度一定制御モードのうち省エネルギー効果の大きい制御モードを自動的に選択して冷却水ポンプによる循環流量を制御するものである。   On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a cooling water variable flow rate device for a refrigerator that changes the flow rate of cooling water according to a heat source load. According to the cooling water inlet temperature, the cooling water variable flow rate device described in Patent Document 1 automatically selects a control mode having a large energy saving effect among the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature constant control mode and the cooling water outlet temperature constant control mode. Select and control the circulation flow rate by the cooling water pump.

しかしながら、この特許文献１の冷却水制御方法では、冷却水の出入口温度差から熱源負荷を算出し、この熱源負荷にのみ対応して制御モードを選択するため、総合的な熱エネルギーの効率となる成績係数（ＣＯＰ）をみた場合に必ずしも最適なエネルギー効率で運転しているとはいえない。すなわち、この特許文献１の方法では、冷却水ポンプの電力、冷却塔ファンの電力及び冷凍機自体の電力に加えて熱源負荷による消費電力を考慮した総合的な運転効率判断ができず、したがって、運転システム全体の最適な冷却水制御ができない。また、上記特許文献１では、冷却水ポンプによる流量制御のみを行うため、冷却塔ファンによるエネルギー効率が十分に反映されず、消費エネルギーの無駄を生じるおそれがある。   However, in the cooling water control method disclosed in Patent Document 1, the heat source load is calculated from the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the cooling water, and the control mode is selected corresponding to only the heat source load. When looking at the coefficient of performance (COP), it cannot always be said that the vehicle is operating with optimum energy efficiency. That is, in the method of Patent Document 1, it is not possible to make a comprehensive operation efficiency determination in consideration of the power consumed by the heat source load in addition to the power of the cooling water pump, the power of the cooling tower fan, and the power of the refrigerator itself. Optimal cooling water control for the entire operating system is not possible. Moreover, in the said patent document 1, since only flow control by a cooling water pump is performed, the energy efficiency by a cooling tower fan is not fully reflected, and there exists a possibility of producing a waste of energy consumption.

特許第３３５４８９６号公報Japanese Patent No. 3354896

本発明は、上記従来技術を考慮したものであって、冷凍機の一次側冷却水系の冷却水ポンプや冷却塔ファン等の一次側設備及び二次側冷水系の冷水ポンプ及び冷凍機自体の消費電力を総合的に考慮して、システム全体の総合的なエネルギー効率を最大にするように冷却水循環系の機器を駆動制御することによりシステム全体の省エネルギーを有効に達成する冷凍機の冷却水制御方法の提供を目的とする。   The present invention takes the above-mentioned conventional technology into consideration, and uses the primary side equipment such as the cooling water pump of the primary side cooling water system and the cooling tower fan, the cooling water pump of the secondary side cold water system, and the consumption of the freezing machine itself. Cooling water control method for a refrigerator that effectively achieves energy saving of the entire system by driving and controlling the equipment of the cooling water circulation system so as to maximize the overall energy efficiency of the entire system in consideration of electric power comprehensively The purpose is to provide.

前記目的を達成するため、請求項１の発明では、冷却水が循環する冷凍機の一次側に冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔を含む一次側設備が設けられ、冷水が循環する二次側に熱負荷となる二次側設備が設けられた冷凍機の冷却水制御方法において、前記一次側設備及び二次側設備を含む冷凍機システム全体の熱源総合ＣＯＰを、（冷凍機生産熱量÷熱源総合消費電力）により演算し、この熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて前記冷凍機の冷却水出口温度を設定し、当該設定温度となるように、前記冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔のファンを制御することを特徴とする冷凍機の冷却水制御方法を提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the primary side equipment including the cooling water pump and the cooling tower is provided on the primary side of the refrigerator in which the cooling water circulates, and the heat load is provided on the secondary side where the cooling water circulates. In the cooling water control method for a refrigerator provided with the secondary side equipment, the total heat source COP of the entire refrigerator system including the primary side equipment and the secondary side equipment is expressed as (freezer production heat amount / heat source total power consumption). ), A cooling water outlet temperature of the refrigerator is set based on the heat source total COP, and the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan are controlled so as to be the set temperature. A cooling water control method for a machine is provided.

請求項２の発明では、前記冷凍機生産熱量は、（冷水出口温度−冷水入口温度）×冷水流量に基づいて演算し、前記熱源総合消費電力は、（冷凍機電力＋冷水ポンプ電力＋冷却水ポンプ電力＋冷却塔ファン電力）に基づいて演算することを特徴としている。 In the invention of claim 2, the amount of heat produced by the refrigerator is calculated based on (cold water outlet temperature−cold water inlet temperature) × cold water flow rate, and the total heat source power consumption is (refrigerator power + cold water pump power + cooling water). The calculation is based on (pump power + cooling tower fan power).

請求項３の発明では、所定の周期で冷却水の設定温度を所定の温度差だけ上昇方向又は下降方向に変化させるとともに、前記熱源総合ＣＯＰを演算して前回演算した熱源総合ＣＯＰと比較し、増加した場合には、前記所定の温度差だけ設定温度を同じ方向に変化させ、減少した場合には前記所定の温度差だけ設定温度を逆方向に変化させることを特徴としている。 In the invention of claim 3, the set temperature of the cooling water is changed in a rising direction or a falling direction by a predetermined temperature difference at a predetermined cycle, and the heat source total COP is calculated and compared with the previously calculated heat source total COP. When it increases, the set temperature is changed in the same direction by the predetermined temperature difference, and when it decreases, the set temperature is changed in the reverse direction by the predetermined temperature difference.

請求項１の発明によれば、冷凍機システムの冷凍機生産熱量と総合消費電力に基づいてシステム全体の総合ＣＯＰを算出し、この総合ＣＯＰに基づいて一次側の冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンを駆動制御するため、システム全体の総合的なエネルギー効率が最大となるように各機器を駆動制御することができ、常に最適で十分な省エネルギー効果が得られる。また、システム稼動中のリアルタイムの運転データに基づいて総合ＣＯＰを演算することにより、機器の経年劣化や配管等の圧力損失変化などにかかわらず、常にほぼリアルタイムで運転状態や環境条件の変化に追従して最大エネルギー効率で冷却水制御ができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the total COP of the entire system is calculated based on the refrigerator production heat quantity and the total power consumption of the refrigerator system, and the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan on the primary side are calculated based on the total COP. Since the drive control is performed, it is possible to drive and control each device so that the overall energy efficiency of the entire system is maximized, and an optimum and sufficient energy saving effect is always obtained. In addition, by calculating total COP based on real-time operation data during system operation, it always follows changes in operating conditions and environmental conditions almost in real time regardless of equipment aging or pressure loss changes in piping. Cooling water can be controlled with maximum energy efficiency.

さらに説明すると、冷却水の最大流量及び冷却塔ファンの最大風量では、冷却水温度をシステム上で可能な限り冷やすことができるので、ポンプやファンの動力が増加して消費電力が大きくなるが、冷凍機の運転効率は高くなり冷凍機の消費電力は低下する。逆に冷却水量や風量を落とせばポンプやファンの動力が低下し消費電力は下がるが、冷却水温度が上がるので、冷凍機の運転効率は低くなり、冷凍機の消費電力は増加する。本発明は、冷却水ポンプや冷却塔ファンの運転効率を冷凍機の運転効率とともに全体的に考慮して、消費電力がシステム全体で最小に抑えられるように各機器を駆動制御するものである。これにより、省エネルギーによるランニングコストの低減が図られるとともに、地球環境保全及び炭酸ガス排出量の低減に寄与できる。   To explain further, with the maximum cooling water flow rate and the maximum cooling fan air flow rate, the cooling water temperature can be cooled as much as possible on the system, so the power of the pump and fan increases and the power consumption increases. The operating efficiency of the refrigerator increases and the power consumption of the refrigerator decreases. Conversely, if the amount of cooling water or air flow is reduced, the power of the pump or fan decreases and power consumption decreases. However, since the cooling water temperature increases, the operating efficiency of the refrigerator decreases and the power consumption of the refrigerator increases. In the present invention, the operation efficiency of the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan is considered together with the operation efficiency of the refrigerator, and each device is driven and controlled so that the power consumption can be minimized in the entire system. As a result, the running cost can be reduced by energy saving, and it can contribute to the global environment conservation and the reduction of carbon dioxide emission.

請求項２の発明によれば、冷凍機生産熱量は冷水の出入口温度差に基づいて算出され、熱源総合消費電力は、冷凍機電力、冷水ポンプ電力、冷却水電力及び冷却塔ファン電力に基づいて算出されるため、各値がセンサや電力計などで容易に確実に計測され状況変化に確実に追従して信頼性の高い冷却水制御が達成される。   According to the invention of claim 2, the refrigerator production heat quantity is calculated based on the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the cold water, and the heat source total power consumption is based on the refrigerator power, the cold water pump power, the cooling water power, and the cooling tower fan power. Since it is calculated, each value is easily and reliably measured by a sensor, a wattmeter, etc., and reliably follows the change in the situation to achieve highly reliable cooling water control.

請求項３の発明によれば、周囲の温度変化や熱負荷の変動に追従してほぼリアルタイムで冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンが駆動制御されるため、システム全体で常に最大エネルギー効率で冷凍機システムを制御して消費電力の軽減を図ることができる。   According to the invention of claim 3, since the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan are driven and controlled almost in real time following changes in ambient temperature and heat load, the refrigeration system always has the maximum energy efficiency in the entire system. The power consumption can be reduced by controlling.

図１は、本発明の実施形態の基本構成説明図である。
冷凍機１のエネルギー効率に影響してその消費電力を増減させる要素として冷凍機出口側冷却水の温度（冷却水出口温度）及び冷水出口温度がある。冷却水温度は低い程エネルギー効率が高く、冷却水量は多い程エネルギー効率が高い。このような冷却水出口温度及び冷水出口温度に応じて冷凍機１に電力が供給され、その消費電力（瞬時電力）が電力計８により計測される。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a basic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
Factors that affect the energy efficiency of the refrigerator 1 and increase or decrease its power consumption include the temperature of the refrigerator outlet side cooling water (cooling water outlet temperature) and the temperature of the cold water outlet. The lower the cooling water temperature, the higher the energy efficiency, and the larger the amount of cooling water, the higher the energy efficiency. Electric power is supplied to the refrigerator 1 according to the cooling water outlet temperature and the cold water outlet temperature, and the power consumption (instantaneous electric power) is measured by the wattmeter 8.

冷凍機１の一次側に接続された冷却水系（不図示）に冷却水ポンプ２及び冷却塔３が設けられる。冷却水ポンプ２のエネルギー効率に影響してその消費電力を増減させる要素として冷却水量がある。冷却水量は少ない程エネルギー効率が高い。この冷却水量に応じて冷却水ポンプ２に電力が供給されその消費電力（瞬時電力）が電力計９により計測される。   A cooling water pump 2 and a cooling tower 3 are provided in a cooling water system (not shown) connected to the primary side of the refrigerator 1. The amount of cooling water is an element that affects the energy efficiency of the cooling water pump 2 and increases or decreases its power consumption. The smaller the amount of cooling water, the higher the energy efficiency. Power is supplied to the cooling water pump 2 in accordance with the amount of cooling water, and the power consumption (instantaneous power) is measured by the wattmeter 9.

コントローラ４を介して冷却水出口温度が設定されると、それに応じて冷却塔ファン及び冷却水ポンプが駆動される。例えば、冷却塔ファン及び冷却水ポンプの回転数（電力）を上げて冷却水量及び風量を増やすと冷却水出口温度が下がる。   When the cooling water outlet temperature is set via the controller 4, the cooling tower fan and the cooling water pump are driven accordingly. For example, when the number of rotations (electric power) of the cooling tower fan and the cooling water pump is increased to increase the cooling water amount and the air volume, the cooling water outlet temperature decreases.

冷却塔３のファンのエネルギー効率に影響してその消費電力を増減させる要素として、ファンによる強制排気風量がある。風量は少ない程エネルギー効率が高い。この風量に応じて冷却塔３のファンに電力が供給されその消費電力（瞬時電力）が電力計１０により計測される。   As a factor that affects the energy efficiency of the fan of the cooling tower 3 and increases or decreases its power consumption, there is a forced exhaust air volume by the fan. The smaller the air volume, the higher the energy efficiency. Power is supplied to the fan of the cooling tower 3 according to the air volume, and the power consumption (instantaneous power) is measured by the wattmeter 10.

冷凍機１、冷却水ポンプ２及び冷却塔３の冷水ポンプ消費電力の計測データはマイコンからなるコントローラ４に入力される。コントローラ４には、モニタ５が接続される。モニタ５にはコントローラ４による制御状況が表示されるとともに、キーボードなどからコントローラ４に対し、プログラムやメモリデータの変更あるいは制御用データの入力が可能である。   Measurement data of the power consumption of the chilled water pump of the refrigerator 1, the cooling water pump 2 and the cooling tower 3 is input to a controller 4 comprising a microcomputer. A monitor 5 is connected to the controller 4. The monitor 5 displays the control status of the controller 4 and can change programs and memory data or input control data to the controller 4 from a keyboard or the like.

コントローラ４にはさらに、冷凍機の二次側に設けられた冷凍機生産熱量データ６が入力される。コントローラ４は、上記消費電力の計測データ、冷凍機生産熱量データ６等に基づき、熱源総合ＣＯＰ（成績係数）を算出し、この総合ＣＯＰに基づいて冷却水ポンプ２及び冷却塔３のファンを駆動制御する。   The controller 4 further receives refrigerator production heat data 6 provided on the secondary side of the refrigerator. The controller 4 calculates a heat source total COP (coefficient of performance) based on the power consumption measurement data, the refrigerator production heat quantity data 6 and the like, and drives the cooling water pump 2 and the cooling tower 3 fans based on the total COP. Control.

ここで、熱源総合ＣＯＰは、「冷凍機生産熱量（瞬時値）÷熱源総合消費電力」とする。冷凍機生産熱量（瞬時値）［ｋＷ］は、「（冷凍機出口冷水温度［℃］−冷凍機入口冷水温度［℃］）×冷水流量［ｌ／ｈｒ］÷８６０」で演算する。熱源総合消費電力は、「冷凍機消費電力［ｋＷ］＋冷水ポンプ消費電力［ｋＷ］＋冷却水ポンプ消費電力［ｋＷ］＋冷却塔ファン消費電力［ｋＷ］」で演算する。   Here, the heat source total COP is “refrigerator production heat quantity (instantaneous value) ÷ heat source total power consumption”. The amount of heat produced by the refrigerator (instantaneous value) [kW] is calculated by “(chiller outlet cold water temperature [° C.] − Refrigerator inlet cold water temperature [° C.]) × cold water flow rate [l / hr] ÷ 860”. The heat source total power consumption is calculated by “refrigerator power consumption [kW] + cold water pump power consumption [kW] + cooling water pump power consumption [kW] + cooling tower fan power consumption [kW]”.

演算した熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて、後述のように、この総合ＣＯＰが大きくなるように、冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンを、例えばインバータによる回転数制御により、ポンプ及びファンの回転数をそれぞれ制御して冷却水量及び風量を制御する。なお、インバータ制御方法に限らず、ポンプやファンのモータ軸動力を落としたり、運転台数を増減させることにより、冷却水量や風量及び水温を制御してもよい。   Based on the calculated heat source total COP, as will be described later, the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan are controlled so as to increase the total COP, for example, by controlling the rotation speed of the pump and the fan by, for example, an inverter. To control the cooling water volume and air volume. Note that the cooling water amount, the air flow rate, and the water temperature may be controlled not only by the inverter control method but also by reducing the motor shaft power of the pump or fan or increasing / decreasing the number of operating units.

図２は、本発明に係る冷却水温度制御のブロック線図である。前述のように、熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて冷却塔ファン及び冷却水ポンプのインバータ１１を制御してファンやポンプその他のプラント１２のモータ回転数を制御する。このプラント１２の負荷による冷凍機冷却水出口温度は、外気湿球温度、冷水出口温度、二次側冷水負荷及び設備の性能劣化等の外乱に影響される。システム稼動中に冷凍機冷却水の出口温度を水温センサ１３で検出し、このデータをコントローラ４（図１）にフィードバックして冷凍機冷却水の出口設定温度を制御する。   FIG. 2 is a block diagram of cooling water temperature control according to the present invention. As described above, the cooling tower fan and the inverter 11 of the cooling water pump are controlled based on the heat source total COP to control the motor speed of the fan, the pump, and other plant 12. The refrigerator cooling water outlet temperature due to the load of the plant 12 is affected by disturbances such as the outside air wet bulb temperature, the cold water outlet temperature, the secondary side cold water load, and the performance deterioration of the equipment. During the operation of the system, the outlet temperature of the refrigerator cooling water is detected by the water temperature sensor 13, and this data is fed back to the controller 4 (FIG. 1) to control the outlet cooling set temperature of the refrigerator cooling water.

図３は、本発明に係る冷凍機システムの全体構成図である。
冷凍機１の一次側に冷却水系１４が接続される。冷却水系１４上に冷却水ポンプ２及び冷却塔３が備わる。冷凍機１の出口側に冷却水温度センサ１５が備わる。冷却水ポンプ２及び冷却塔３のファンにはそれぞれインバータ１６，１７及び電力計１８，１９が備わる。冷凍機１に電力計３０が備わる。 FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of the refrigerator system according to the present invention.
A cooling water system 14 is connected to the primary side of the refrigerator 1. A cooling water pump 2 and a cooling tower 3 are provided on the cooling water system 14. A cooling water temperature sensor 15 is provided on the outlet side of the refrigerator 1. The cooling water pump 2 and the fans of the cooling tower 3 are provided with inverters 16 and 17 and power meters 18 and 19, respectively. The refrigerator 1 has a power meter 30.

冷凍機１の二次側に冷水系２９が接続される。冷水系２９上に冷水ポンプ２５、熱負荷となる空調機などの二次側設備２８及び冷水バイパス用の二方弁２７が備わる。冷水ポンプ２５に電力計２６が備わる。冷凍機１の出口側に冷水出口温度センサ２２が備わる。冷凍機１の入口側に冷水入口温度センサ２４及び流量センサ２３が備わる。   A cold water system 29 is connected to the secondary side of the refrigerator 1. On the cold water system 29, a cold water pump 25, a secondary side equipment 28 such as an air conditioner serving as a heat load, and a cold water bypass two-way valve 27 are provided. A wattmeter 26 is provided in the cold water pump 25. A cold water outlet temperature sensor 22 is provided on the outlet side of the refrigerator 1. A cold water inlet temperature sensor 24 and a flow rate sensor 23 are provided on the inlet side of the refrigerator 1.

電力計１８，１９，２２，２７は熱源総合消費電力演算回路２０に接続される。この熱源総合消費電力演算回路２０は、コントローラ４に接続される。なお、熱源総合消費電力演算回路２０は、コントローラ４に内蔵されていてもよい。   The wattmeters 18, 19, 22, and 27 are connected to the heat source total power consumption calculation circuit 20. The heat source total power consumption calculation circuit 20 is connected to the controller 4. The heat source total power consumption calculation circuit 20 may be incorporated in the controller 4.

冷水出入口の冷水温度センサ２４，２６及び冷水流量センサ２５は、冷凍機生産熱量演算回路２１に接続される。冷凍機生産熱量演算回路２１はコントローラ４に接続される。なお、冷凍機生産熱量演算回路２１は、コントローラ４に内蔵されていてもよい。   The cold water temperature sensors 24 and 26 and the cold water flow rate sensor 25 at the cold water inlet / outlet are connected to the refrigerator production heat amount calculation circuit 21. The refrigerator production heat amount calculation circuit 21 is connected to the controller 4. The refrigerator production heat amount calculation circuit 21 may be built in the controller 4.

このような冷凍機システムにおいて、コントローラ４は、熱源総合ＣＯＰを、（冷凍機生産熱量演算回路２１で求めた冷凍機生産熱量）÷（熱源総合消費電力演算回路２０で求めた消費電力）により算出する。さらにコントローラ４は、熱源総合ＣＯＰが最大となるように、冷凍機出口側の冷却水温度センサ１５で検出した冷却水温度の設定値を変更するとともに、この変更後の冷却水温度設定値となるように、冷却水ポンプ２及び冷却塔３のファンのインバータ１６，１７を制御してポンプ及びファンの回転数を制御し、冷却水量及び冷却塔の風量が最適となるように制御する。   In such a refrigerator system, the controller 4 calculates the total heat source COP by (refrigerator production heat quantity obtained by the refrigerator production heat quantity calculation circuit 21) / (power consumption obtained by the heat source total power consumption calculation circuit 20). To do. Further, the controller 4 changes the setting value of the cooling water temperature detected by the cooling water temperature sensor 15 on the refrigerator outlet side so that the heat source total COP becomes the maximum, and becomes the changed cooling water temperature setting value. Thus, the inverters 16 and 17 of the cooling water pump 2 and the cooling tower 3 are controlled to control the rotational speeds of the pump and the fan so that the cooling water amount and the cooling tower air flow are optimized.

図４（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）は、冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンの回転数制御のパターン例を示すグラフである。   4 (A) to 4 (D) are graphs showing pattern examples of the rotational speed control of the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan.

（Ａ）は、回転数を落として流量を絞る場合に先にファン風量を絞るパターンである。冷却水温度がｔ３以上の状態（ポンプ及びファンをそれぞれ定格１００％の運転状態）から温度がｔ３まで下がったとき、ポンプ流量は変えずにインバータ制御によりファンの風量を落とす。さらに温度がｔ２まで下がったらファンの風量をそこで維持したままインバータ制御によりポンプの流量を落として冷却水温をｔ１まで低下させる。なお、インバータによるポンプ及びファンの最低回転数は、それぞれ冷凍機が安定して稼動できる必要最低限の回転数以上に維持する。また、回転数の変化は図示したようにリニアに限らず曲線状に変化させてもよい。このような変化パターンは、制御マップとして予めコントローラに格納し、前述のように熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて冷却水出口設定温度が算出されたときに、その設定温度に応じてこのマップパターンに基づいてポンプ及びファンの回転数を制御する。   (A) is a pattern in which the fan air volume is reduced first when the flow rate is reduced by reducing the rotational speed. When the temperature falls from the state where the cooling water temperature is equal to or higher than t3 (operating state where the pump and the fan are rated at 100% each) to t3, the air flow of the fan is reduced by inverter control without changing the pump flow rate. When the temperature further falls to t2, the flow rate of the pump is reduced by inverter control while maintaining the fan air volume there, and the cooling water temperature is lowered to t1. In addition, the minimum rotation speeds of the pump and the fan by the inverter are maintained to be equal to or higher than the minimum rotation speed at which the refrigerator can be stably operated. Further, the change in the rotational speed is not limited to linear as shown in the figure, but may be changed in a curved line. Such a change pattern is stored in the controller in advance as a control map, and when the coolant outlet set temperature is calculated based on the heat source total COP as described above, based on this map pattern based on the set temperature. Controls the rotation speed of the pump and fan.

（Ｂ）は、回転数を落として流量を絞る場合に先にポンプ流量を絞るパターンである。冷却水温度がｔ６以上の状態（ポンプ及びファンをそれぞれ定格１００％の運転状態）から温度がｔ６まで下がったとき、ファン風量は変えずにインバータ制御によりポンプ流量を落とす。さらに温度がｔ５まで下がったらポンプ流量をそこで維持したままインバータ制御によりファン風量を落として冷却水温をｔ４まで低下させる。   (B) is a pattern in which the pump flow rate is reduced first when the flow rate is reduced by reducing the rotational speed. When the temperature falls from the state where the cooling water temperature is t6 or higher (operating state where the pump and the fan are rated at 100% each) to t6, the pump flow rate is reduced by inverter control without changing the fan air volume. When the temperature further decreases to t5, the fan flow rate is reduced by inverter control while maintaining the pump flow rate, and the cooling water temperature is decreased to t4.

（Ｃ）は、回転数を落として流量を絞る場合に、ポンプ流量とファン風量を同時に絞るパターンである。冷却水温度がｔ９以上の状態（ポンプ及びファンをそれぞれ定格１００％の運転状態）から温度がｔ９まで下がったとき、インバータ制御によりポンプ流量及びファン風量を同時に落とす。温度がｔ８まで下がったらポンプ流量をそこで維持したままさらにファン風量を落として冷却水温をｔ７まで低下させる。   (C) is a pattern in which the pump flow rate and the fan air volume are simultaneously reduced when reducing the rotation speed and reducing the flow rate. When the temperature falls from the state where the cooling water temperature is equal to or higher than t9 (operating state where the pump and the fan are rated at 100%) to t9, the pump flow rate and the fan air volume are simultaneously reduced by inverter control. When the temperature drops to t8, the fan flow rate is further reduced while maintaining the pump flow rate, and the cooling water temperature is lowered to t7.

（Ｄ）は、回転数を落として流量を絞る場合に、ポンプ流量とファン風量を同時に絞るパターンの別の例である。冷却水温度がｔ１１以上の状態（ポンプ及びファンをそれぞれ定格１００％の運転状態）から温度がｔ１１まで下がったとき、インバータ制御によりポンプ流量及びファン風量を同時に落として冷却水温度をｔ１０まで低下させる。   (D) is another example of a pattern in which the pump flow rate and the fan air volume are simultaneously reduced when the flow rate is reduced by reducing the rotational speed. When the temperature falls to t11 from the state where the cooling water temperature is t11 or more (operating state where the pump and the fan are rated at 100% each), the pump flow rate and the fan air volume are simultaneously reduced by the inverter control to lower the cooling water temperature to t10. .

図５は、熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて冷却水温度設定値を定める方法を示す説明図である。
コントローラは、一定周期Ｆ（例えば１０分）で熱源総合ＣＯＰを算出し、そのＣＯＰが前回のＣＯＰより高ければ、前述の図４のいずれかのパターンにしたがって、ポンプ及びファンを前回と同じ方向に駆動する。逆に今回算出したＣＯＰが前回のＣＯＰより低ければ、ポンプ及びファンを前回と逆方向に駆動する。 FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for determining the coolant temperature set value based on the heat source total COP.
The controller calculates the heat source total COP at a constant period F (for example, 10 minutes). If the COP is higher than the previous COP, the pump and the fan are moved in the same direction as the previous according to any of the patterns in FIG. To drive. Conversely, if the COP calculated this time is lower than the previous COP, the pump and fan are driven in the opposite direction to the previous time.

図の例でさらに説明すると、時間ａ０，ａ１，ａ２のときの熱源総合ＣＯＰをそれぞれ、ＣＯＰ０，ＣＯＰ１，ＣＯＰ２とし、設定冷却水温度をＴ０，Ｔ１，Ｔ２とする。時間ａ０では、設定温度を一定量ΔＴだけ上げるようにファン及びポンプを駆動制御している。一定周期Ｆ後の時間ａ１でのＣＯＰ１が前回のＣＯＰ０より大きければ、ＣＯＰが高まる方向であるため、そのまま今回も設定温度をΔＴだけ上げる方向にインバータ制御を行う（図示した状態）。逆に今回（時間ａ１）でのＣＯＰ１が前回のＣＯＰ０より小さければ、ＣＯＰが低下する方向に進んでいるため、前回とは逆に設定温度をΔＴだけ下げる方向にインバータ制御を行う。同様に時間ａ２においてもＣＯＰ２を算出し、その前のＣＯＰ１と比較して上昇しているか下降しているかに応じて設定温度を変更する。すなわち、   Further explaining with the example in the figure, the heat source total COPs at times a0, a1, and a2 are COP0, COP1, and COP2, respectively, and the set cooling water temperatures are T0, T1, and T2. At time a0, the fan and pump are driven and controlled so that the set temperature is increased by a certain amount ΔT. If COP1 at time a1 after a certain period F is larger than the previous COP0, the COP increases, so that the inverter control is performed in the direction in which the set temperature is increased by ΔT as it is (the state shown in the figure). On the contrary, if COP1 at this time (time a1) is smaller than COP0 of the previous time, since the COP has proceeded in a decreasing direction, the inverter control is performed in a direction to lower the set temperature by ΔT contrary to the previous time. Similarly, COP2 is calculated at time a2, and the set temperature is changed depending on whether it is rising or falling compared to the previous COP1. That is,

ＣＯＰ１≦ＣＯＰ２かつＴ１＞Ｔ０ならばＴ２＝Ｔ１＋ΔＴ （１）
ＣＯＰ１≦ＣＯＰ２かつＴ１＜Ｔ０ならばＴ２＝Ｔ１−ΔＴ （２）
ＣＯＰ１＞ＣＯＰ２かつＴ１＞Ｔ０ならばＴ２＝Ｔ１−ΔＴ （３）
ＣＯＰ１＞ＣＯＰ２かつＴ１＜Ｔ０ならばＴ２＝Ｔ１＋ΔＴ （４）
と設定する。 If COP1 ≦ COP2 and T1> T0, then T2 = T1 + ΔT (1)
If COP1 ≦ COP2 and T1 <T0, then T2 = T1−ΔT (2)
If COP1> COP2 and T1> T0, then T2 = T1-ΔT (3)
If COP1> COP2 and T1 <T0, then T2 = T1 + ΔT (4)
And set.

以上のような熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいてポンプ及びファンのインバータ制御により冷凍機冷却水出口温度のフィードバック制御を行うことにより、Ａ部で示されるように、冷却水温の上昇下降を繰り返しながら最適な冷却水温に定まる。また、外気の湿球温度や負荷の変動があったときには、Ｂ部に示されるように。負荷変動等に追従して最適な冷却水設定温度に定まる。   By performing feedback control of the chiller cooling water outlet temperature by inverter control of the pump and fan based on the heat source total COP as described above, optimum cooling while repeatedly raising and lowering the cooling water temperature as shown in part A Determined by water temperature. When there is a change in the wet bulb temperature or load of the outside air, as shown in part B. The optimum cooling water set temperature follows the load fluctuation.

図６は、上記図５の時間ａ１及びａ２での熱源総合ＣＯＰを比較する方法のフローチャートであり、前述の式（１）〜（４）と同じ内容をフローで表したものである。   FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for comparing the heat source total COPs at the times a1 and a2 in FIG. 5, and represents the same contents as the above-described equations (1) to (4) in a flow.

本発明は、冷却水が循環する冷凍機を備えたあらゆるシステムに利用でき、システム全体の運転効率を最大にして省エネルギーを有効に達成できる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in any system including a refrigerator in which cooling water circulates, and can effectively achieve energy saving by maximizing the operation efficiency of the entire system.

本発明の実施形態の基本構成説明図。The basic composition explanatory view of the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明に係る冷却水温度制御のブロック線図。The block diagram of the cooling water temperature control which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る冷凍機システムの全体構成図。1 is an overall configuration diagram of a refrigerator system according to the present invention. 本発明に係る冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンの回転数制御のパターン例を示すグラフ。The graph which shows the example of a pattern of rotation speed control of the cooling water pump which concerns on this invention, and a cooling tower fan. 本発明に係る熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて冷却水温度設定値を定める方法を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the method of determining a cooling water temperature setting value based on the heat source total COP which concerns on this invention. 図５の時間ａ１及びａ２での熱源総合ＣＯＰを比較する方法のフローチャート。6 is a flowchart of a method for comparing the heat source total COP at times a1 and a2 in FIG. 従来の冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔ファンの制御方法の説明図。Explanatory drawing of the control method of the conventional cooling water pump and a cooling tower fan.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：冷凍機、２：冷却水ポンプ、３：冷却塔、４：コントローラ、
５：モニタ、６：冷凍機負荷熱量、７：外気乾球・湿球温度、
８，９，１０：電力計、１１：インバータ、１２：プラント、
１３：水温センサ、１４：冷却水系、１５：冷却水温センサ、
１６：インバータ、１７：インバータ、１８：電力計、１９：電力計、２０：熱源総合消費電力演算回路、２１：冷凍機生産熱量演算回路、
２２：冷水温度センサ、２３：冷水流量センサ、２４：冷水温度センサ、２５：冷水ポンプ、２６：電力計、２７：二方弁、２８：二次側設備、２９：冷水系、３０：電力計。
1: refrigerator, 2: cooling water pump, 3: cooling tower, 4: controller,
5: Monitor, 6: Refrigerator load heat quantity, 7: Outside air dry bulb / wet bulb temperature,
8, 9, 10: Wattmeter, 11: Inverter, 12: Plant
13: Water temperature sensor, 14: Cooling water system, 15: Cooling water temperature sensor,
16: Inverter, 17: Inverter, 18: Power meter, 19: Power meter, 20: Heat source total power consumption calculation circuit, 21: Refrigerating machine production heat amount calculation circuit,
22: Chilled water temperature sensor, 23: Chilled water flow rate sensor, 24: Chilled water temperature sensor, 25: Chilled water pump, 26: Power meter, 27: Two-way valve, 28: Secondary equipment, 29: Chilled water system, 30: Power meter .

Claims (3)

冷却水が循環する冷凍機の一次側に冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔を含む一次側設備が設けられ、冷水が循環する二次側に熱負荷となる二次側設備が設けられた冷凍機の冷却水制御方法において、
前記一次側設備及び二次側設備を含む冷凍機システム全体の熱源総合ＣＯＰを、（冷凍機生産熱量÷熱源総合消費電力）により演算し、この熱源総合ＣＯＰに基づいて前記冷凍機の冷却水出口温度を設定し、当該設定温度となるように、前記冷却水ポンプ及び冷却塔のファンを制御することを特徴とする冷凍機の冷却水制御方法。 Cooling of a refrigerator in which a primary side facility including a cooling water pump and a cooling tower is provided on the primary side of the refrigerator in which the cooling water circulates, and a secondary side facility serving as a heat load is provided on the secondary side in which the chilled water circulates. In the water control method,
The total heat source COP of the refrigerator system including the primary side equipment and the secondary side equipment is calculated by (refrigerator production heat amount / heat source total power consumption) , and the cooling water outlet of the refrigerator based on the heat source total COP A cooling water control method for a refrigerator , wherein a temperature is set and the cooling water pump and the cooling tower fan are controlled so as to be the set temperature . 前記冷凍機生産熱量は、（冷水出口温度−冷水入口温度）×冷水流量に基づいて演算し、前記熱源総合消費電力は、（冷凍機電力＋冷水ポンプ電力＋冷却水ポンプ電力＋冷却塔ファン電力）に基づいて演算することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の冷凍機の冷却水制御方法。   The amount of heat produced by the refrigerator is calculated based on (cold water outlet temperature−cold water inlet temperature) × cold water flow rate, and the total heat source power consumption is (refrigerator power + cold water pump power + cooling water pump power + cooling tower fan power). The cooling water control method for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is based on 所定の周期で冷却水の設定温度を所定の温度差だけ上昇方向又は下降方向に変化させるとともに、前記熱源総合ＣＯＰを演算して前回演算した熱源総合ＣＯＰと比較し、増加した場合には、前記所定の温度差だけ設定温度を同じ方向に変化させ、減少した場合には前記所定の温度差だけ設定温度を逆方向に変化させることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の冷凍機の冷却水制御方法。   When the set temperature of the cooling water is changed in a rising direction or a decreasing direction by a predetermined temperature difference at a predetermined cycle, the heat source total COP is calculated and compared with the heat source total COP calculated last time, The cooling of the refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the set temperature is changed in the same direction by a predetermined temperature difference and the set temperature is decreased, the set temperature is changed in the reverse direction by the predetermined temperature difference. Water control method.
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