JP3996009B2 - Two-part waterstop composition - Google Patents

Two-part waterstop composition Download PDF

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JP3996009B2
JP3996009B2 JP2002223147A JP2002223147A JP3996009B2 JP 3996009 B2 JP3996009 B2 JP 3996009B2 JP 2002223147 A JP2002223147 A JP 2002223147A JP 2002223147 A JP2002223147 A JP 2002223147A JP 3996009 B2 JP3996009 B2 JP 3996009B2
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water
liquid
emulsion
asphalt
stopping
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JP2004059849A (en
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美智男 吉武
秀則 小寺
昭洋 井澤
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TOA ROAD CORPORATION
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TOA ROAD CORPORATION
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は止水材に関する。更に詳細には、本発明はトンネルなどのコンクリート構築物や管渠などの地中構築物からの漏水又は地上建築物の屋上などからの漏水を遮断するための止水材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
トンネルなどのコンクリート構築物や管渠などの地中構築物は常に土と接しており、土中の地下水がコンクリート内部の亀裂、割れ目及び/又はクラックなどを介してコンクリート外表面に漏水してくることが多々ある。また、地上建築物では屋上防水の欠陥部分から雨水などが浸入し、屋内に漏水してくることがある。このような漏水を放置すると、コンクリート構築物の耐久性が著しく損なわれる。
【0003】
土木工事や建築工事に用いられてきた従来の止水方法は、コンクリートの亀裂、割れ目及び/又はクラックなどに止水材を強制的に注入し、コンクリート内部の空隙部を止水材で埋めることにより行われてきた。このような従来の注入式止水工法では、止水材として例えば、▲1▼セメント系止水材、▲2▼水ガラス系止水材、▲3▼エポキシ樹脂系又はウレタン樹脂系止水材、▲4▼アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンに硬化剤として加水反応型ウレタンゴム又はセメントのみを添加した止水材などが使用されてきた。
【0004】
しかし、▲1▼セメント系止水材を注入する工法では、止水材として急結セメントのスラリー、モルタルなどの充填材が用いられるが、止水材に含まれるセメント粒子が比較的大きいので、コンクリート内部の小さな間隙又は空隙には浸透し難く、しかも、この止水材の固化に伴う体積収縮により再び亀裂が発生する傾向がある。更に、セメント系止水材では、母材となるコンクリート構築物の温度変化に伴う膨張収縮に追随できず、セメント固化体に亀裂を生じやすいなどの問題点がある。
【0005】
また、▲2▼水ガラス系止水材を注入する工法では、コクリート母材の亀裂などの空隙部に注入するのに高圧力対応の大型注入装置が必要であるばかりか、セメント系止水材と同様に、たわみ性が小さく、コンクリート母材の変形や膨張収縮に追随できない。更に、水ガラス系止水材は衝撃に弱く、乾燥収縮にも弱いので、常に湿潤状態でしか使用できないという施工上の問題点がある。
【0006】
また、▲3▼エポキシ樹脂系止水材は低粘度なのでコンクリート内部の小さな間隙又は空隙には浸透し易く、強度的に十分であるが、変形量が20%程度と小さいので、コンクリート母材の変形や膨張収縮に追随できない。そのため、水濡れ状態では接着し難いという欠点がある。一方、ウレタン樹脂系止水材は、乾湿の変化の影響を受けやすく、強度も小さいので、一時的な止水にしか使用できない。
【0007】
更に、▲4▼アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンに硬化剤として加水反応型ウレタンゴム又はセメントのみを添加した止水材は、硬化の反応時間が10時間程度と非常に遅いので地下水のある箇所では止水材が拡散してしまい、硬化不能に陥ることがあった。
【0008】
前記のように、従来の止水材は、(a)体積収縮を起こし易い、(b)変形量が小さい、(c)母材のコンクリートの温度変化に伴う膨張収縮に追随できない、(d)応力変動に伴う変形及び/又は地震動による機械的動揺に追随できない、(e)地下水の存在する箇所では拡散してしまい硬化不能になる、などの問題点を有している。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、クラックなどの微小な空隙にも浸透し易く、高弾性で変形に対する追随性に優れ、硬化時間も調整可能であり、地下水の存在下でも安定した硬化体を形成することができる新規な止水材を提供することである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題は、カチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンに硬化剤として加水反応型ウレタンゴムを添加したA液と、pHを8〜11に調整した非カチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンのB液とからなる組成物を止水材として使用し、A液とB液とを同時にコンクリートの亀裂内に注入することにより解決される。
【0011】
更に、別法として、前記課題は、(a)C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンと、(b)加水反応型ウレタンゴム、セメント及びベントナイトからなる群から選択される硬化剤とを必須成分として含有し、所望により、(c)ポリアクリル酸エステルに溶解した吸水性ポリマーを硬化促進剤として含有する組成物を止水材として使用することによっても解決できる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の2液系止水材のA液で使用されるカチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンは、石油アスファルト、水及び乳化剤からなる水中油型エマルジョンである。このようなカチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンは例えば、、日本工業規格JIS K−2208に記載されているような道路用アスファルト乳剤、ゴムアスファルト乳剤、改質アスファルト乳剤などである。油中水型エマルジョンであっても本発明で使用できないこともないが、油中水型エマルジョンは水中油型エマルジョンと異なり、エマルジョンの粘度が注入適性粘度よりも高くなると共に、ウレタン硬化剤との反応性が低下するのであまり好ましくない。
【0013】
乳化剤としては、主に牛脂やヤシ油を原料とした脂肪族誘導体のジアミン、トリアミン、イミダゾリンなどの塩酸塩、酢酸塩、又は4級アンモニウム塩などが好適に使用できる。牛脂ジアミンの塩酸塩又は酢酸塩が特に好ましい。
【0014】
A液として用いるカチオン系アスファルト乳剤のアスファルト含有量は25〜75重量%が好ましい。アスファルト含有量が25重量%未満の場合、エマルジョンの貯蔵安定性が極端に低下すると共に、加水反応型ウレタンゴムの反応量が多くなり、硬化体の収縮が顕著となる。次に、アスファルト含有量が75重量%を超えると、アスファルト乳剤は油中水滴型となり、エマルジョンの粘度が注入適正粘度よりも高くなると共に、加水反応型ウレタンゴムとの反応性が低下するのであまり好ましくない。
【0015】
A液として用いるカチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンのpHは2〜5が好ましい。アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンのpHが2未満の場合、ウレタン中のイソシアネートの架橋反応を抑制し、適切な硬化体を得ることができないという不都合が生じる。一方、pHが5を超える場合、イソシアネートの架橋反応を抑制することができず、十分な可使視時間がとれないという不都合が生じる。
【0016】
本発明で使用する加水反応型ウレタンゴムは、例えば、下記の化学式(1)
【化1】

Figure 0003996009
で示される有機イソシアネートポリエーテルジオール系プレポリマーと、下記の化学式(2)
【化2】
Figure 0003996009
で示されるトリレンジイソシアネートとから構成されたものである。
【0017】
本発明の2液系止水材のA液におけるカチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンと加水反応型ウレタンゴムとの配合割合は、カチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョン100重量部に対して、加水反応型ウレタンゴムが2重量部〜50重量部の範囲内であることが好ましい。加水反応型ウレタンゴムの配合量が2重量部未満の場合、カチオン系アスファルト乳剤中の水分と適正に反応せず硬化物が得られないなどの不都合が生じる。一方、加水反応型ウレタンゴムの配合量が50重量部を超える場合、A液の可使時間がなくなり2液注入が不可能になるなどの不都合が生じる。
【0018】
本発明の2液系止水材のB液における非カチオン系(すなわち、アニオン系又はノニオン系)アスファルト乳剤は、石油アスファルト、水及び乳化剤から構成される水中油滴型エマルジョンである。このようなアスファルト含有水性エマルジョンは例えば、日本工業規格JIS・K−2208に記載されているセメント混合用乳剤MN−1及び社団法人日本アスファルト乳剤協会規格に記載されているPA−1などである。
【0019】
B液に使用するアスファルト乳剤をノニオン系アスファルト乳剤とした場合、そのままではA液と中和反応しないため、第2成分としてアニオン系のSBR又は任意のアルカリ性水溶液を用いる。アニオン系のSBRは市販されているもののうちpHが8〜11のものであれば任意に選択できる。また、アルカリ性水溶液は炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウムなどを水溶液として用い、ノニオン系アスファルト乳剤とこれらアルカリ水溶液を混合し、pHを8〜11に調整することもできる。また、B液として使用するアスファルト乳剤をアニオン系アスファルト乳剤とした場合では、アスファルト乳剤のpHが8〜11のものであれば任意に選択できる。B液のpHが8未満の場合、A液との中和反応が不十分となるので好ましくない。一方、pHが11を超える場合、A液との混合後もアルカリ側となり、ウレタンとの反応が適正に行われず好ましくない。
【0020】
A液とB液の混合比率は、A液100重量部に対して、B液は10重量部〜200重量部の範囲内で変化させることができる。B液の混合比率を変化させることにより、ゲル化までの時間を調整することができる。例えば、B液の混合量が10重量部未満の場合、ゲル化時間が長くなり過ぎて水中拡散の可能性が生じるので好ましくない。一方、B液の混合量が200重量部超の場合、同様にA液との中和が不完全となり材料の水中拡散が生じるので好ましくない。一般的に、A液とB液は重量比で100:100の割合で使用することが好ましい。
【0021】
本発明の2液系止水材ではアスファルト含有水性エマルジョンを使用するが、このエマルジョンは黒褐色を呈している。従って、コンクリート母材の亀裂空隙内にアスファルト含有水性エマルジョン含有2液系止水材を注入した際、止水材がコンクリート表面に漏れ出すと、コンクリート表面を黒褐色に汚染する恐れがある。このような汚染がトンネル内壁面などに現れると、人の目に直接目視されることとなり、審美性が損なわれる。従って、本発明では、アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンを含有しない第2の2液系止水材組成物として、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンのA液と、加水反応型ウレタンゴム硬化剤のB液とを必須成分として含有し、所望により、ポリアクリル酸エステルに溶解した吸水性ポリマーを硬化促進剤としてA液中に含有する組成物を使用する。本発明の第2の2液系止水材組成物は無色に近いので、コンクリート表面に漏れ出した時でも、汚れの目立たない硬化体が得られ、同時に、アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンを主剤として用いた時と同等な止水効果を発揮する高弾性の硬化体が得られる。
【0022】
本発明の第2の2液系止水材組成物のA液におけるC9系石油樹脂エマルジョンは、C9系石油樹脂を、牛脂やヤシ油を原料とした脂肪族誘導体のジアミン、トリアミン、イミダゾリンなどの塩酸塩、酢酸塩又は4級アンモニウム塩などの乳化剤を用いて、水中に乳化分散したカチオン系エマルジョンである。あるいは、ラウリルエーテル又はその他のノニオン系乳化剤を使用し、水中に乳化分散したノニオン系エマルジョンであることもできる。
C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンは油中水滴型とすることもできるが、この場合はエマルジョンの粘度が大きすぎるため、顔料などを混合する際の混合性が劣るとともに、ウレタンの硬化反応が鈍くなるため、適正な硬化物を得るのに時間を要することから、水中油滴型とすることが好ましい。
【0023】
C9系石油樹脂とは、ナフサなどの高温熱分解油中に存在する高級不飽和炭化水素を原料とし、酸性触媒により重合させて得られる分子量2000以下の淡黄色ないし黒色の芳香族系の熱可塑性樹脂である。
【0024】
本発明の第2の2液系止水材組成物のB液で使用する加水反応型ウレタンゴムは前記第1の2液系止水材組成物のA液で使用する加水反応型ウレタンゴムと同じものであることができる。前記第1の2液系止水材組成物のA液では、加水反応型ウレタンゴムはカチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンと一緒にされているが、これは、カチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンのpHが2〜3程度であるため、ウレタンの架橋反応が進み難いためである。これに対して、第2の2液系止水材組成物では、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンでは、カチオン系であるものの、pHが5〜7程度のため、ウレタンとの架橋反応を抑制できない。このため、1液で混合することは可使時間の関係から不可能である。現在の技術レベルにおいて、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンのpHを2〜3程度にすることは可能であり、このpH範囲であれば加水反応型ウレタンゴムを混合しておくこともできないことはないが、エマルジョンの貯蔵安定性が極端に低下するため、混合液として市場に流通させることは難しい。このため、第1の2液系止水材組成物と異なり、第2の2液系止水材組成物では、加水反応型ウレタンゴムはC9系石油樹脂エマルジョンと別々にされている。
【0025】
本発明の第2の2液系止水材組成物のA液には、所望により、ポリアクリル酸エステルに溶解した吸水性ポリマーを硬化促進剤として配合することができる。ポリアクリル酸エステルに溶解した吸水性ポリマーは例えば、三井サイアナミッド(株)から“アコジェルC”という商品名で市販されている。言うまでもなく、その他の吸水性ポリマーも硬化促進剤として使用することができ、また、ポリアクリル酸エステル以外の溶剤も使用できる。このような吸水性ポリマーは、施工現場となるコンクリート母材の亀裂内に含まれる水分を吸収し、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンと加水反応型ウレタンゴムとの硬化反応を促進する。すなわち、吸水性ポリマーが配合されていない場合、コンクリート母材の亀裂内に含まれる水分により、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンと加水反応型ウレタンゴムとが希釈拡散され、硬化が進行しなくなる。従って、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンと加水反応型ウレタンゴムと共に、吸水性ポリマーのポリアクリル酸エステル溶液を併用すると、高い弾性を有し、水に希釈されない自立性の高い止水材を得ることができる。
【0026】
上記のC9系石油樹脂エマルジョン100重量部に対して、0重量部超〜10重量部以下の吸水性ポリマーポリアクリル酸エステル溶液を添加する。吸水性ポリマーポリアクリル酸エステル溶液の添加量が0重量部の場合、本発明の第2の2液系止水剤組成物は出水量の多い施工現場での止水目的には適さない。一方、吸水性ポリマーポリアクリル酸エステル溶液の添加量が10重量部超の場合、C9系石油樹脂エマルジョンの粘度が急激に上昇し、注入することが不可能になるので好ましくない。
【0027】
吸水性ポリマーポリアクリル酸エステル溶液を含有する又は含有しないC9系石油樹脂エマルジョンA液100重量部に対して、3重量部〜20重量部の加水反応型ウレタンゴムB液を混合する。加水反応型ウレタンゴムB液の混合量が3重量部未満の場合、硬化反応が不十分となるので好ましくない。一方、加水反応型ウレタンゴムB液の混合量が20重量部超の場合、混合液の可使時間がとれないため好ましくない。
【0028】
本発明の第1及び第2の2液系止水材のA液とB液はそれぞれ別々の容器に収納貯蔵され、施工現場においてコンクリート母材の亀裂内に注入施工される際に、使用する注入装置の注入ノズル先端で混合される。例えば、第1及び第2の2液系止水材について圧力自動調整注入ポンプを使用し、毎分1〜20リットルの低吐出量で、注入圧力が10〜1000kPaの低圧力で注入することにより、止水材の無駄な拡散を防止し、必要最小限の止水区域に対して止水材を効果的に浸透させ、固化させることができる。
【0029】
図1は本発明の止水材組成物を使用して止水工事を行うべき施工箇所の正面図である。躯体1の表面3に多数のクラック5が生じている。このクラック5から水が漏出していれば、止水工事を行わなければならない。背面注入法の場合、図1に示されるように、クラック5の周囲に一般的に、1000mmの間隔で注入口7を例えば、φ10mmのドリルピットなどで削孔する。図2は図1におけるII-II線に沿った断面図である。躯体1と地山又は埋戻し土9との間には図2(A)で示されるようなゴム製防水シート11が配設されているか、又は図2(B)で示されるようなコンクリート製の連壁15が配設されている。この防水シート11又は連壁15と躯体1との間に水が侵入し、躯体1にクラック5が発生すると、このクラック5を介して水が躯体1の表面3に漏出してくる。この注入口7から本発明の止水材組成物を注入し、クラック5から止水材組成物が溢出してくるまで注入し続ける。注入後、短時間のうちに止水材組成物が硬化反応を起こして硬化体13が形成される。その結果、空隙が硬化体13で充満され、止水が完了する。
【0030】
図3は別の施工方法を示す正面図である。躯体1に比較的大きなクラック5が1本垂直に発生している現場である。この場合、躯体1の表面3からクラック5自体に達するように注入口7を削孔する。この施工方法は削孔注入法と呼ばれている。この施工方法では、注入口7は一般的に、500mm間隔で配設される。図4(A)及び(B)は図3のIV-IV線に沿った断面図である。躯体1の厚さがtの場合、注入口7は約2/3tの付近でクラック5と交差することが好ましい。この施工方法でも、注入口7から本発明の止水材組成物を注入し、クラック5から止水材組成物が溢出してくるまで注入し続ける。注入後、短時間のうちに止水材組成物が硬化反応を起こして硬化体13が形成される。その結果、空隙が硬化体13で充満され、止水が完了する。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明の第1の2液系止水材組成物及び第2の2液系止水材組成物の止水効果について具体的に例証する。
【0032】
実施例1
埼玉県川口市内の地下4Fからなるコンクリート構造物である下水処理ポンプ場は河川に隣接しているため、地下2F以下の階層で漏水が認められた。この漏水は下の階層へ行くほど激しくなることから、地下水の影響も考えられる。地下コンクリート構造物では、このような地下水の漏水現象を回避するため、躯体外側に防水層が設置されているのが一般的であるが、何らかの要因でこの防水層が破損し、漏水したものと考えられる。この漏水現場で本発明の第1の2液系止水材組成物の止水効果を次の手順により検証した。
(1)本発明の第1の止水材組成物の配合組成
止水施工現場において調製する本発明の第1の止水材組成物の配合は以下の通りであった。
Figure 0003996009
(2)止水材注入孔の削孔
前記図3及び図4に示される削孔注入法により止水工事を施工するために、出水又は漏水しているコンクリート躯体に、直径10mmのドリルピットを用いて、所定の深さまで削孔した。削孔した注入孔にパッカーを取り付け、2液注入用のY字管を装着した。
(3)止水材注入
2液系止水材のA液及びB液はそれぞれスクイズポンプで別々の管で圧送し、他の注入孔へ材料が拡散することを確認するまで注入を行った。
(4)止水施工結果
注入開始から5分後には完全な止水が確認された。
【0033】
比較例1
前記実施例1と同じ現場で、従来から使用されている公知の▲1▼1液系アスファルト止水材及び▲2▼ウレタン系止水材をそれぞれ注入し止水効果を比較した。▲1▼の1液系アスファルト止水材は漏水量が多いため注入した材料が拡散してしまい殆ど止水効果が得られなかった。また、▲2▼のウレタン系止水材の場合、一日程度は止水効果を発揮するが、2〜3日程度でまた漏水が始まった。
【0034】
実施例2
前記実施例1と同じ現場で、本発明の第2の止水材組成物の止水効果を検証した。本発明の第2の止水材組成物は、A液がC9系石油樹脂エマルジョン19kgと吸水性ポリマーのポリアクリル酸エステル溶液1kgからなり、B液が加水反応型ウレタンゴム20kgからなるものであった。この2液系止水材のA液及びB液を実施例1と同様にスクイズポンプで別々の管で圧送し、他の注入孔へ材料が拡散することを確認するまで注入を行った。その結果、注入開始から5分後には完全な止水が確認された。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、高弾性で変形追随性が大きく、水中においても材料が拡散し難く、硬化時間も調整可能で安定した硬化体を得る目的で、A液としてカチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンに硬化剤として加水反応型ウレタンゴムを添加し、B液に弱アルカリ性を有するアスファルト含有水性エマルジョンを用いる。この2液を同時に注入することで、水中においても拡散し難く、時間の経過と共に硬化し、強固な止水体を形成できる。
【0036】
また、吸水性ポリマーのポリアクリル酸エステル溶液を含有するC9系石油樹脂エマルジョンのA液に加水反応型ウレタンゴム硬化剤のB液を混合注入することにより、高い弾性を有し、水に希釈されない自立性の高い止水材料を得ることが出来ると共に、コンクリート表面に漏れ出した場合でも、コンクリート表面を黒く汚す恐れがない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の止水材組成物を使用して背面注入法により止水工事を行うべき施工箇所の正面図である。
【図2】図1におけるII-II線に沿った断面図であり、(A)は躯体と地山との間にゴム製防水シートが配設されているケースであり、(B)は躯体と地山との間にコンクリート製連壁が配設されているケースである。
【図3】本発明の止水材組成物を使用して削孔注入法により止水工事を行うべき施工箇所の正面図である。
【図4】図3におけるIV-IV線に沿った断面図であり、(A)は躯体と地山との間にゴム製防水シートが配設されているケースであり、(B)は躯体と地山との間にコンクリート製連壁が配設されているケースである。
【符号の説明】
1 躯体
3 躯体表面
5 クラック
7 注入口
9 地山又は埋戻し土
11 ゴム製防水シート
13 硬化体
15 コンクリート製連壁[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waterstop material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water stop material for blocking water leakage from concrete structures such as tunnels and underground structures such as pipes or from the rooftops of ground buildings.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Concrete structures such as tunnels and underground structures such as pipes are always in contact with soil, and groundwater in the soil may leak to the outer surface of the concrete through cracks, cracks, and / or cracks inside the concrete. There are many. In addition, in ground buildings, rainwater, etc., may enter from the roof waterproof defect and leak into the indoor space. If such water leakage is left, the durability of the concrete structure will be significantly impaired.
[0003]
The conventional water-stop method that has been used for civil engineering and construction works is to forcibly inject water-stopping material into cracks, cracks and / or cracks in concrete, and fill the voids inside the concrete with water-stopping material. Has been done by. In such a conventional injection-type water-stopping method, for example, (1) cement-based water-stopping material, (2) water glass-based water-stopping material, (3) epoxy resin-based or urethane resin-based water-stopping material (4) A water-stopping material obtained by adding only a hydroreactive urethane rubber or cement as a curing agent to an asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion has been used.
[0004]
However, (1) in the method of injecting a cement-based water-stopping material, fillers such as quick-setting cement slurry and mortar are used as the water-stopping material, but the cement particles contained in the water-stopping material are relatively large. It is difficult to penetrate into small gaps or voids inside the concrete, and cracks tend to occur again due to volume shrinkage accompanying solidification of the water-stopping material. Furthermore, the cement-based waterstop material has problems such as being unable to follow expansion and contraction accompanying the temperature change of the concrete structure as a base material, and easily causing cracks in the cement solidified body.
[0005]
In addition, (2) the method of injecting a water glass-based water-stopping material requires not only a large-scale injection device that can handle high pressures, but also a cement-based water-stopping material in order to inject into the gaps such as cracks in the cocrete base material. In the same way, the flexibility is small and it cannot follow the deformation and expansion / contraction of the concrete base material. Furthermore, since the water glass water-stopping material is weak against impact and is also susceptible to drying shrinkage, there is a construction problem that it can always be used only in a wet state.
[0006]
Also, (3) epoxy resin water-stopping material is low in viscosity, so it easily penetrates into small gaps or voids inside the concrete and is sufficient in strength, but the deformation is as small as about 20%. Unable to follow deformation and expansion / contraction. Therefore, there is a drawback that it is difficult to bond in a wet state. On the other hand, a urethane resin water-stopping material is easily affected by changes in wet and dry conditions and has a low strength, so that it can be used only for temporary water stoppage.
[0007]
Furthermore, (4) a water-stopping material in which only a hydroreactive urethane rubber or cement is added as a curing agent to an asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion has a very slow curing reaction time of about 10 hours. Diffused and could not be cured.
[0008]
As described above, the conventional waterstop material is (a) easy to cause volume shrinkage, (b) small deformation amount, (c) cannot follow expansion and contraction due to temperature change of the base material concrete, (d) There are problems such as being unable to follow deformations due to stress fluctuations and / or mechanical fluctuations due to seismic motion, and (e) diffusing in areas where groundwater is present and making it impossible to harden.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to easily penetrate into microscopic voids such as cracks, high elasticity, excellent followability to deformation, adjustable curing time, and forming a stable cured body even in the presence of groundwater. It is to provide a new waterstop material that can be used.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object is to provide a composition comprising a liquid A obtained by adding a hydroreactive urethane rubber as a curing agent to a cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion, and a non-cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion B adjusted to a pH of 8-11. It solves by using as a water-stopping material and injecting A liquid and B liquid simultaneously into the crack of concrete.
[0011]
Furthermore, as another method, the above-mentioned problem includes (a) a C9 petroleum resin emulsion, and (b) a curing agent selected from the group consisting of a hydroreactive urethane rubber, cement and bentonite as essential components. Therefore, it can also be solved by using (c) a composition containing a water-absorbing polymer dissolved in a polyacrylic acid ester as a curing accelerator as a water-stopping material.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion used in the liquid A of the two-part water-stopping material of the present invention is an oil-in-water emulsion composed of petroleum asphalt, water and an emulsifier. Such cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsions are, for example, road asphalt emulsions, rubber asphalt emulsions, modified asphalt emulsions and the like described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS K-2208. Even a water-in-oil emulsion cannot be used in the present invention, but a water-in-oil emulsion differs from an oil-in-water emulsion in that the viscosity of the emulsion is higher than the viscosity suitable for injection, and This is not preferable because the reactivity decreases.
[0013]
As the emulsifier, aliphatic derivatives such as diamines, triamines, imidazolines, acetates, quaternary ammonium salts, etc., mainly derived from beef tallow and coconut oil can be preferably used. The beef tallow diamine hydrochloride or acetate is particularly preferred.
[0014]
The asphalt content of the cationic asphalt emulsion used as the liquid A is preferably 25 to 75% by weight. When the asphalt content is less than 25% by weight, the storage stability of the emulsion is extremely lowered, the reaction amount of the hydroreactive urethane rubber is increased, and the shrinkage of the cured product becomes remarkable. Next, if the asphalt content exceeds 75% by weight, the asphalt emulsion becomes a water-in-oil type, and the viscosity of the emulsion becomes higher than the appropriate viscosity for injection, and the reactivity with the hydroreactive urethane rubber decreases, so that it is not so much. It is not preferable.
[0015]
The pH of the cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion used as the liquid A is preferably 2 to 5. When the pH of the aqueous asphalt-containing emulsion is less than 2, there arises a disadvantage that the crosslinking reaction of isocyanate in urethane is suppressed and an appropriate cured product cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the pH exceeds 5, there is a disadvantage that the crosslinking reaction of isocyanate cannot be suppressed and sufficient usable time cannot be taken.
[0016]
The hydroreactive urethane rubber used in the present invention is, for example, the following chemical formula (1)
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003996009
An organic isocyanate polyether diol-based prepolymer represented by the following chemical formula (2):
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003996009
It is comprised from the tolylene diisocyanate shown by these.
[0017]
The blending ratio of the cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion and the hydroreactive urethane rubber in the liquid A of the two-part waterstop material of the present invention is such that the hydroreactive urethane rubber is 100 parts by weight of the cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion. It is preferably within the range of 2 to 50 parts by weight. When the blending amount of the hydroreactive urethane rubber is less than 2 parts by weight, there is a disadvantage that the cured product cannot be obtained because it does not react properly with the water in the cationic asphalt emulsion. On the other hand, when the blending amount of the hydroreactive urethane rubber exceeds 50 parts by weight, there is a disadvantage that the usable time of the liquid A is lost and the two liquid injection becomes impossible.
[0018]
The non-cationic (that is, anionic or nonionic) asphalt emulsion in the B liquid of the two-part water-stopping material of the present invention is an oil-in-water emulsion composed of petroleum asphalt, water and an emulsifier. Examples of such asphalt-containing aqueous emulsions include cement mixing emulsion MN-1 described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS K-2208 and PA-1 described in Japan Asphalt Emulsion Association Standard.
[0019]
When the asphalt emulsion used in the B liquid is a nonionic asphalt emulsion, it does not neutralize with the A liquid as it is, so an anionic SBR or an arbitrary alkaline aqueous solution is used as the second component. The anionic SBR can be arbitrarily selected as long as it has a pH of 8 to 11 among those commercially available. The alkaline aqueous solution can be adjusted to pH 8 to 11 by using sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate or the like as the aqueous solution, mixing the nonionic asphalt emulsion with these alkaline aqueous solutions. In addition, when the asphalt emulsion used as the B liquid is an anionic asphalt emulsion, it can be arbitrarily selected as long as the pH of the asphalt emulsion is 8-11. When pH of B liquid is less than 8, since neutralization reaction with A liquid becomes inadequate, it is not preferable. On the other hand, when pH exceeds 11, it becomes an alkali side after mixing with A liquid, and reaction with urethane is not performed appropriately and is not preferable.
[0020]
The mixing ratio of the liquid A and the liquid B can be changed within a range of 10 parts by weight to 200 parts by weight with respect to the liquid B with respect to 100 parts by weight of the liquid A. The time until gelation can be adjusted by changing the mixing ratio of the B liquid. For example, when the mixing amount of the liquid B is less than 10 parts by weight, the gelation time becomes too long and the possibility of diffusion in water occurs, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the amount of the liquid B is more than 200 parts by weight, the neutralization with the liquid A is similarly incomplete and the material is diffused in water. In general, it is preferable to use the liquid A and the liquid B in a weight ratio of 100: 100.
[0021]
In the two-part water-stopping material of the present invention, an asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion is used, and this emulsion has a dark brown color. Therefore, when the asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion-containing two-component water-stopping material is injected into the crack gap of the concrete base material, if the water-stopping material leaks to the concrete surface, the concrete surface may be contaminated in blackish brown. If such contamination appears on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, it will be directly visible to the human eye and the aesthetics will be impaired. Therefore, in the present invention, as the second two-part water-stopping material composition that does not contain an asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion, liquid A of a C9 petroleum resin emulsion and liquid B of a hydrolytic urethane rubber curing agent are essential components. If necessary, a composition containing a water-absorbing polymer dissolved in a polyacrylic ester in the liquid A as a curing accelerator is used. Since the second two-part waterstop composition of the present invention is almost colorless, a hardened body that is not noticeable of dirt can be obtained even when leaking to the concrete surface, and at the same time, an asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion is used as a main agent. A highly elastic cured body that exhibits a water stop effect equivalent to that of the time can be obtained.
[0022]
The C9 petroleum resin emulsion in the liquid A of the second two-part waterstop material composition of the present invention is an aliphatic derivative such as diamine, triamine, imidazoline or the like derived from beef tallow or coconut oil. It is a cationic emulsion emulsified and dispersed in water using an emulsifier such as hydrochloride, acetate or quaternary ammonium salt. Alternatively, it may be a nonionic emulsion emulsified and dispersed in water using lauryl ether or other nonionic emulsifier.
C9 petroleum resin emulsion can also be a water-in-oil type, but in this case, because the viscosity of the emulsion is too large, the mixing properties when mixing pigments are poor, and the curing reaction of urethane becomes dull. Since it takes time to obtain an appropriate cured product, an oil-in-water type is preferable.
[0023]
The C9 petroleum resin is a light yellow or black aromatic thermoplastic having a molecular weight of 2000 or less obtained by polymerizing with an unsaturated catalyst using a higher unsaturated hydrocarbon present in a high-temperature pyrolysis oil such as naphtha. Resin.
[0024]
The hydroreactive urethane rubber used in the B liquid of the second two-component water-stopping material composition of the present invention is a hydroreactive urethane rubber used in the first liquid of the two-component water-stopping material composition A. Can be the same. In the liquid A of the first two-component water-stopping material composition, the hydroreactive urethane rubber is combined with the cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion. This is because the pH of the cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion is 2 It is because it is difficult to advance the crosslinking reaction of urethane because it is about ~ 3. On the other hand, in the second two-part water-stopping material composition, the C9 petroleum resin emulsion is cationic, but the pH is about 5 to 7, so that the crosslinking reaction with urethane cannot be suppressed. For this reason, it is impossible to mix with one liquid because of the pot life. At the current technical level, it is possible to adjust the pH of the C9 petroleum resin emulsion to about 2 to 3, and within this pH range, the hydroreactive urethane rubber cannot be mixed, Since the storage stability of the emulsion is extremely lowered, it is difficult to distribute it as a mixed solution on the market. For this reason, unlike the first two-part waterstop material composition, in the second two-part waterstop material composition, the hydroreactive urethane rubber is separated from the C9 petroleum resin emulsion.
[0025]
If desired, a water-absorbing polymer dissolved in a polyacrylic acid ester can be blended in the liquid A of the second two-part water-stopping material composition of the present invention as a curing accelerator. A water-absorbing polymer dissolved in polyacrylic acid ester is commercially available from Mitsui Cyanamid Co., Ltd. under the trade name “Akogel C”. Needless to say, other water-absorbing polymers can also be used as curing accelerators, and solvents other than polyacrylic acid esters can also be used. Such a water-absorbing polymer absorbs moisture contained in the cracks of the concrete base material that is the construction site, and promotes the curing reaction between the C9 petroleum resin emulsion and the hydroreactive urethane rubber. That is, when a water-absorbing polymer is not blended, the C9 petroleum resin emulsion and the hydroreactive urethane rubber are diluted and diffused by moisture contained in the cracks of the concrete base material, and curing does not proceed. Accordingly, when a polyacrylic acid ester solution of a water-absorbing polymer is used in combination with a C9 petroleum resin emulsion and a hydroreactive urethane rubber, a water-proofing material having high elasticity and not being diluted with water can be obtained. .
[0026]
More than 0 to 10 parts by weight of the water-absorbing polymer polyacrylate solution is added to 100 parts by weight of the C9 petroleum resin emulsion. When the added amount of the water-absorbing polymer polyacrylate solution is 0 part by weight, the second two-part water-stopping composition of the present invention is not suitable for the purpose of water-stopping at a construction site where the amount of water discharge is large. On the other hand, when the added amount of the water-absorbing polymer polyacrylate solution is more than 10 parts by weight, the viscosity of the C9 petroleum resin emulsion is rapidly increased, which is not preferable.
[0027]
3 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight of a hydroreactive urethane rubber B solution is mixed with 100 parts by weight of a C9 petroleum resin emulsion A solution containing or not containing a water-absorbing polymer polyacrylate ester solution. When the mixing amount of the hydrolytic urethane rubber B liquid is less than 3 parts by weight, the curing reaction becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the mixing amount of the hydrolytic urethane rubber B liquid is more than 20 parts by weight, the pot life of the mixed liquid cannot be taken, which is not preferable.
[0028]
The A and B liquids of the first and second two-component water-stopping materials of the present invention are respectively stored and stored in separate containers and used when being injected into a crack in the concrete base material at the construction site. Mix at the tip of the injection nozzle of the injection device. For example, by using a pressure automatic adjustment injection pump for the first and second two-component water-stopping materials and injecting at a low discharge amount of 1 to 20 liters per minute and an injection pressure of 10 to 1000 kPa. In addition, it is possible to prevent unnecessary diffusion of the water-stopping material, and to effectively infiltrate and solidify the water-stopping material into the minimum required water-stopping area.
[0029]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a construction site where a waterstop work should be performed using the waterstop material composition of the present invention. Many cracks 5 are generated on the surface 3 of the casing 1. If water leaks from the crack 5, water stop work must be performed. In the case of the back injection method, as shown in FIG. 1, the injection port 7 is generally drilled around the crack 5 with a drill pit of φ10 mm, for example, at an interval of 1000 mm. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. A rubber waterproof sheet 11 as shown in FIG. 2 (A) is disposed between the frame 1 and the natural ground or backfill soil 9, or made of concrete as shown in FIG. 2 (B). The connecting wall 15 is provided. When water enters between the waterproof sheet 11 or the continuous wall 15 and the housing 1 and a crack 5 is generated in the housing 1, water leaks to the surface 3 of the housing 1 through the crack 5. The water-stopping material composition of the present invention is injected from the injection port 7 and is continuously injected until the water-stopping material composition overflows from the crack 5. After the injection, the water-stopping material composition undergoes a curing reaction within a short time to form the cured body 13. As a result, the gap is filled with the cured body 13 and the water stop is completed.
[0030]
FIG. 3 is a front view showing another construction method. This is a site where one relatively large crack 5 is vertically generated in the casing 1. In this case, the injection port 7 is drilled so as to reach the crack 5 itself from the surface 3 of the housing 1. This construction method is called a hole injection method. In this construction method, the injection ports 7 are generally arranged at intervals of 500 mm. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views taken along line IV-IV in FIG. When the thickness of the casing 1 is t, it is preferable that the inlet 7 intersects with the crack 5 in the vicinity of about 2 / 3t. Also in this construction method, the water-stopping material composition of the present invention is injected from the injection port 7 and is continuously injected until the water-stopping material composition overflows from the crack 5. After the injection, the water-stopping material composition undergoes a curing reaction within a short time to form the cured body 13. As a result, the gap is filled with the cured body 13 and the water stop is completed.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the water-stopping effect of the first two-component water-stopping material composition and the second two-component water-stopping material composition of the present invention is specifically illustrated by examples.
[0032]
Example 1
Since the sewage treatment pumping station, which is a concrete structure consisting of 4F underground in Kawaguchi City, Saitama Prefecture, is adjacent to the river, water leakage was observed at levels below 2F underground. Since this water leak becomes more severe as it goes down, the influence of groundwater is also considered. In underground concrete structures, in order to avoid such groundwater leakage phenomenon, a waterproof layer is generally installed on the outside of the housing, but this waterproof layer is damaged for some reason and leaked. Conceivable. The water stopping effect of the first two-part water stopping material composition of the present invention was verified by the following procedure at this water leakage site.
(1) Composition of the first water-stopping material composition of the present invention The composition of the first water-stopping material composition of the present invention prepared at the water-stopping construction site was as follows.
Figure 0003996009
(2) Drilling the water stop material injection hole To construct the water stop work by the hole injection method shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a drill pit having a diameter of 10 mm is placed on the concrete frame that is flooding or leaking. Used to drill holes to a predetermined depth. A packer was attached to the drilled injection hole, and a Y-tube for injecting two liquids was attached.
(3) Water-stopping material injection The liquid A and water B of the two-liquid water-stopping material were each pumped by separate pipes with a squeeze pump and injected until it was confirmed that the material diffused into the other injection holes.
(4) Water stop construction result Complete water stop was confirmed 5 minutes after the start of injection.
[0033]
Comparative Example 1
At the same site as in Example 1, the known (1) one-part asphalt water-stopping material and (2) urethane-based water-stopping material, which have been conventionally used, were respectively injected to compare the water-stopping effect. Since the one-part asphalt water-stopping material of (1) has a large amount of water leakage, the injected material was diffused and almost no water-stopping effect was obtained. Further, in the case of the urethane-based water-stopping material (2), the water-stopping effect was exhibited for about one day, but water leakage started again in about 2-3 days.
[0034]
Example 2
At the same site as Example 1, the water-stopping effect of the second water-stopping material composition of the present invention was verified. In the second waterstop material composition of the present invention, the liquid A is composed of 19 kg of a C9 petroleum resin emulsion and 1 kg of a polyacrylic acid ester solution of a water-absorbing polymer, and the liquid B is composed of 20 kg of a hydroreactive urethane rubber. It was. The liquid A and liquid B of the two-part waterstop material were pumped by separate pipes with a squeeze pump in the same manner as in Example 1, and injection was performed until it was confirmed that the material was diffused into the other injection holes. As a result, complete water stoppage was confirmed 5 minutes after the start of injection.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, for the purpose of obtaining a stable cured body having high elasticity, large deformation followability, difficult material diffusion in water, and adjustable curing time, a cationic system is used as the liquid A. A hydroreactive urethane rubber is added to the asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion as a curing agent, and the B solution uses an asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion having weak alkalinity. By injecting these two liquids at the same time, it is difficult to diffuse even in water and can be cured with the passage of time to form a strong waterstop.
[0036]
Also, by mixing and injecting the B liquid of the hydrolytic urethane rubber curing agent into the A liquid of the C9 petroleum resin emulsion containing the polyacrylic acid ester solution of the water-absorbing polymer, it has high elasticity and is not diluted with water. In addition to being able to obtain a highly self-supporting water-stopping material, there is no danger of blackening the concrete surface even if it leaks into the concrete surface.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front view of a construction site where waterstop work should be performed by a back injection method using the waterstop material composition of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, (A) is a case in which a rubber waterproof sheet is disposed between the housing and the ground, and (B) is a housing. This is a case where a concrete connecting wall is disposed between the ground and the natural ground.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a construction site where a water stop work should be performed by a hole injection method using the water stop material composition of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3, (A) is a case in which a rubber waterproof sheet is disposed between the housing and the ground, and (B) is a housing. This is a case where a concrete connecting wall is disposed between the ground and the natural ground.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 3 Housing surface 5 Crack 7 Inlet 9 Natural ground or backfill soil 11 Rubber waterproof sheet 13 Hardened body 15 Concrete connection wall

Claims (1)

(a)カチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンと加水反応型ウレタンゴム硬化剤とからなるA液と、
(b)pHを8〜11に調整した非カチオン系アスファルト含有水性エマルジョンからなるB液とからなり、
前記A液とB液とは使用直前に混合されることを特徴とする2液系止水材組成物。
(a) Liquid A comprising a cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion and a hydroreactive urethane rubber curing agent,
(b) comprising a non-cationic asphalt-containing aqueous emulsion B adjusted to pH 8-11,
The liquid A and the liquid B are mixed immediately before use, and are a two-component water-stopping material composition.
JP2002223147A 2002-07-31 2002-07-31 Two-part waterstop composition Expired - Lifetime JP3996009B2 (en)

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JP5457215B2 (en) * 2010-02-01 2014-04-02 三生化工株式会社 Back side injection water stop method
JP5300162B1 (en) * 2012-11-22 2013-09-25 東京電力株式会社 Water-stop agent, water-stop method, and injection device
EP2974013B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2022-11-23 SnapTrack, Inc. Reactance filter comprising acoustic waves resonators
JP6171438B2 (en) * 2013-03-19 2017-08-02 株式会社大林組 Water stoppage method for structures made of cementitious composition
JP5567728B2 (en) * 2013-09-20 2014-08-06 三生化工株式会社 Back side injection water stop method
JP6325870B2 (en) * 2014-03-28 2018-05-16 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 Water stop method
JP2018162588A (en) * 2017-03-24 2018-10-18 東京電設サービス株式会社 Construction method for stopping water leakage and agent therefor
CN112662265A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-04-16 湖南林特新材料科技有限责任公司 Exposed high-elasticity color waterproof coating and preparation process thereof

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JPS5962621A (en) * 1982-10-01 1984-04-10 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc Curable urethane composition
JPS6096615A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-05-30 Toyo Rubber Chem Ind Co Ltd Production of water-stopping asphalt foam
JPH04292683A (en) * 1991-03-20 1992-10-16 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Moisture-curing type sealant
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JPH07331083A (en) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-19 Tokiwa Chem:Kk Water-stopping material composition
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