JP3940994B2

JP3940994B2 - Wooden building wall structure

Info

Publication number: JP3940994B2
Application number: JP2002105734A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 哲則多田; 順二出口
Original assignee: 有限会社出口建設
Priority date: 2001-06-15
Filing date: 2002-04-08
Publication date: 2007-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2022-04-08
Also published as: JP2003176585A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、調湿機能を有する高断熱の壁面を形成することができる木造建物の壁構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
建物の壁は、内壁材、外壁材、断熱材を組み合わせて形成するのが一般的である。
【０００３】
すなわち、壁は、柱や間柱などの構造材に対し、室内側からプラスタボードなどの内壁材を付設するとともに、室外側からサイジングボードなどの外壁材を付設し、内壁材、外壁材の間にグラスウールや発泡ウレタンなどの断熱材を介装して構成されている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
かかる従来技術によるときは、内壁材、外壁材、断熱材は、吸放湿性を有しないから、室内の湿度を調節する調湿機能が全くない上、断熱材の他に内壁材、外壁材を使用するから、構造が複雑であり、全体の施工コストが高くなりがちであるという問題があった。
【０００５】
そこで、この発明の目的は、かかる従来技術の問題に鑑み、柱材の間に木質の横材を多段に積み重ねることによって、調湿機能を有する高断熱の壁面を容易に作ることができる木造建物の壁構造を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる目的を達成するためのこの発明の構成は、左右の柱材と、柱材の間に多段に積み重ねる横材とを備えてなり、柱材は、下端のほぞを介して土台上に立設するとともに上端のほぞを介して梁材を支持し、横材は、それぞれ互いに嵌合可能な上面中央の突条、下面中央の係合溝を全長に形成し、柱材の保持溝に差し込むほぞを両端に形成するとともに、上下に貫通する込栓を介してユニット化し、各ユニットごとに連結金具を介して柱材に連結する一方、土台は、最下段の横材の係合溝に嵌合可能な突条を上面の全長に形成し、梁材は、最上段の横材の突条に嵌合可能な係合溝を下面の全長に形成することをその要旨とする。
【０００７】
なお、柱材は、保持溝に収納する連結金具と土台を上下に貫通するボルトとを介して土台に連結することができる。
【０００８】
また、横材は、上下に貫通する通しボルトを介して一体に組み立てることができる。
【００１２】
【作用】
かかる発明の構成によるときは、横材は、左右の柱材の保持溝に両端のほぞを差し込み、上面の突条、下面の係合溝を互いに嵌合させて柱材の間に多段に積み重ね、柱材の間に壁面を形成することができる。すなわち、各段の横材は、下段の上面の突条を上段の下面の係合溝に嵌合させ、両端のほぞを柱材の保持溝に差し込むことにより、隙間を生じることがなく、雨水が浸入するおそれもない。なお、横材は、木材、殊に乾燥処理済みの天然木材または合成木材を使用することにより、吸放湿性を備える木質の壁面を構築し、良好な断熱性、調湿性を実現することができる。
【００１３】
柱材を立設する土台は、上面の突条を最下段の横材の係合溝に嵌合させることにより、最下段の横材との間に隙間を生じるおそれがない。なお、突条は、土台の上面の全長に形成する。
【００１４】
柱材により支持する梁材は、下面の係合溝に最上段の横材の突条を嵌合させることにより、最上段の横材との間に隙間を生じるおそれがない。なお、係合溝は、梁材の下面の全長に形成する。ただし、ここでいう梁材とは、柱材により支持する梁や桁などを総称していうものとする。
【００１５】
横材は、継手を介して長手方向に継ぎ合わせ、全体長さを柱材の間隔に合わせることにより、短い間伐材などを有効に利用することができる。なお、継手は、横材に使用する部材の端部を対称に切り欠いて形成する段継ぎ、相欠き継ぎの他、相欠き鎌継ぎ、金輪継ぎ、尻挟み継ぎ、追掛け継ぎなどを使用することができ、これらの継手には、楔や込栓を併用することが好ましい。
【００１６】
込栓を介して横材を連結することにより、２本以上の横材を連結してユニット化するとともに、壁面の全体強度を向上させることができる。なお、込栓は、左右の柱材の間に積み重ねるすべての横材または一部の横材を上下に貫通して設けるものとする。
【００１７】
横材は、上下に共通に係合するだぼを介して安定に連結し、それぞれの強度低下を最少に抑えることができる。
【００１８】
横材は、通しボルトを介して組み立てることにより、各段を上下に密着させ、一体の壁パネルとして容易に工場生産することができる。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を以って発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【００２０】
木造建物の壁構造は、左右の木質の柱材２１、２１と、柱材２１、２１の間に多段に積み重ねる木質の横材２２、２２…とを備えてなる（図１）。
【００２１】
柱材２１、２１は、土台１１上に立設されている。土台１１は、図示しないアンカボルトを介して布基礎１２上に固定されている。土台１１の上面には、突条１１ａが全長に亘って形成され、各柱材２１用のほぞ孔１１ｂが形成されている。
【００２２】
柱材２１、２１は、それぞれ左右の側面に保持溝２１ａ、２１ａが形成され、ほぞ２１ｂ、２１ｂが両端に形成されている（図１、図２）。ただし、図２（Ａ）、（Ｂ）は、それぞれ図１のＸ1 、Ｘ2 矢視相当の一部破断拡大図である。各柱材２１は、下端のほぞ２１ｂをほぞ孔１１ｂに挿入して土台１１上に立設され、込栓２１ｃを打ち込んで抜け止めされている。また、柱材２１、２１は、梁材３１を支持している。梁材３１は、下面の全長に係合溝３１ａが形成され、柱材２１、２１用のほぞ孔３１ｂ、３１ｂが形成されている。梁材３１は、ほぞ孔３１ｂ、３１ｂに柱材２１、２１の上端のほぞ２１ｂ、２１ｂを挿入し、込栓２１ｃ、２１ｃを打ち込んで外れ止めされている。
【００２３】
各横材２２は、上面、下面の全長に突条２２ａ、係合溝２２ｂが形成されている（図１、図３）。なお、突条２２ａ、係合溝２２ｂは、互いに嵌合可能であり、それぞれ横材２２の上面、下面の中央に形成されている。また、土台１１の突条１１ａは、横材２２の係合溝２２ｂに嵌合可能であり、梁材３１の係合溝３１ａには、横材２２の突条２２ａが嵌合可能である。横材２２の両端には、それぞれ柱材２１の保持溝２１ａに差込み可能なほぞ２２ｃが形成されている（図１、図４）。なお、土台１１、柱材２１、横材２２、梁材３１は、それぞれ天然木材または合成木材により木質に形成するものとする。
【００２４】
横材２２、２２…は、それぞれの両端のほぞ２２ｃ、２２ｃを左右の柱材２１、２１の保持溝２１ａ、２１ａに差し込み、下段の横材２２の突条２２ａを上段の横材２２の係合溝２２ｂに嵌合させ、土台１１上に多段に積み重ねることができる（図１、図３）。ただし、最下段の横材２２は、下面の係合溝２２ｂに土台１１の突条１１ａを嵌合させ、最上段の横材２２は、上面の突条２２ａを梁材３１の係合溝３１ａに嵌合させる。なお、梁材３１は、柱材２１、２１の間に横材２２、２２…を積み重ねた後、柱材２１、２１上に架設する。このようにして積み重ねる横材２２、２２…は、それぞれの間、土台１１、柱材２１、２１、梁材３１との間のいずれにも隙間を生じることがなく、柱材２１、２１の間に木質の頑丈な壁面を形成することができる。また、横材２２、２２…は、乾燥処理済みの木材を使用することにより、吸放湿性を備え、良好な調湿機能を有する壁面に仕上げることができる。
【００２５】
【他の実施の形態】
横材２２は、継手２２ｄを介し、部材Ａ、Ａを継ぎ合わせて形成してもよい（図５）。ただし、図５（Ａ）、（Ｂ）は、それぞれ継手２２ｄの組立前後の斜視図である。継手２２ｄは、部材Ａ、Ａの各先端に対称に形成する凹部２２ｄ1 、２２ｄ1 、段２２ｄ3 、２２ｄ3 、突部２２ｄ2 、２２ｄ2 を組み合わせて構成されている。継手２２ｄは、部材Ａ、Ａの先端側の突部２２ｄ2 、２２ｄ2 をそれぞれ凹部２２ｄ1 、２２ｄ1 に嵌め合わせ、段２２ｄ3 、２２ｄ3 の間に楔２２ｄ4 を打ち込んで部材Ａ、Ａを継ぎ合わせ、部材Ａ、Ａの突条２２ａ、２２ａ、係合溝２２ｂ、２２ｂを長手方向に連続させる。
【００２６】
各横材２２は、継手２２ｄを介して継ぎ合わせ、柱材２１、２１の間隔に適合させる（図６、図７）。なお、横材２２、２２…は、それぞれの継手２２ｄが上下に重ならないように積み重ねるものとする。すなわち、横材２２、２２…は、継手２２ｄを有する横材２２、有しない横材２２を交互に積み重ねてもよく（図６）、各段の横材２２の継手２２ｄの位置を左右に交互にずらして配置してもよい（図７）。ただし、図７（Ｂ）において、複数の継手２２ｄ、２２ｄを含む横材２２が使用されている。なお、各横材２２は、継手２２ｄによって区切られる部材Ａの長さを複数種類用意してモジュール化を図り、柱材２１、２１の間隔に適合する全体長さを簡単に実現することができる。
【００２７】
すなわち、横材２２、２２…は、継手２２ｄ、２２ｄの位置が上下に隣接して重ならない限り、継手２２ｄを有するもの、有しないものを任意に混在させて、または継手２２ｄを有するもののみを使用して積み重ねることができるものとする。また、継手２２ｄを有する各横材２２は、１以上の任意の継手２２ｄ、２２ｄ…を含むものとする。
【００２８】
横材２２、２２…は、上下に貫通する込栓２３、２３…を介して連結することができる（図６、図８）。各段の横材２２には、突条２２ａ、係合溝２２ｂに開口する込栓２３用の縦孔２２ｅが形成されており、込栓２３は、適当な本数の横材２２、２２…を積み上げるごとに横材２２、２２…を上下に貫通させて横材２２、２２…を連結する。なお、込栓２３は、継手２２ｄによって区切られる横材２２の各部材Ａごとに対応するように、横材２２、２２…の長手方向に配置することが好ましい（図６、図７）。また、込栓２３、２３を上下に継ぎ足す位置の横材２２は、２本の込栓２３、２３を隣接して貫通させ得るように、縦孔２２ｅを横材２２の長手方向に拡張するものとする（図６、図８）。ただし、土台１１、梁材３１には、それぞれ込栓２３の下端、上端を収納する凹部１１ｅ、３１ｅを形成することができる。
【００２９】
上下に継ぎ足す込栓２３、２３は、横材２２の上下の凹部２２ｅ1 、２２ｅ1 にそれぞれの先端を差し込み、一直線状に配置してもよい（図９（Ａ））。なお、込栓２３、２３は、単一の込栓２３用の縦孔２２ｅに上下から差し込み、単一の横材２２内において木口を突き合わせて継ぎ足してもよい（同図（Ｂ））。
【００３０】
上下に隣接する横材２２、２２は、だぼ２４を介して連結してもよい（図１０、図１１）。ただし、図１０（Ｂ）は、同図（Ａ）のＺ−Ｚ線矢視相当拡大断面図である。だぼ２４は、下段の横材２２の上面の凹部２２ｅ1 と、上段の横材２２の下面の凹部２２ｅ1 とに共通に嵌め込まれている。また、最下段の横材２２は、下面のだぼ２４、２４…を介して土台１１に連結し、最上段の横材２２は、上面のだぼ２４、２４…を介して梁材３１に連結する。なお、だぼ２４、２４…は、継手２２ｄを有する横材２２の各部材Ａの上面、下面に必ず係合するように、横材２２の長手方向に配置するのがよい。
【００３１】
横材２２、２２…は、上下に貫通する通しボルト２５、２５を介して一体に組み立てることができる（図１２、図１３）。ただし、図１３（Ｂ）は、同図（Ａ）のＡ−Ａ線矢視相当拡大断面図である。
【００３２】
各段の横材２２には、突条２２ａ、係合溝２２ｂに開口する通しボルト２５用の通し孔２２ｆが形成されており、通しボルト２５は、通し孔２２ｆ、２２ｆ…を上下に貫通させ、横材２２、２２…を一体の壁パネルとして組み立てることができる。なお、最下段の横材２２の下面側には、通しボルト２５の頭部２５ａ、座金２５ｃを収納する凹部２２ｆ1 が形成され、最上段の横材２２の上面側には、通しボルト２５用のナット２５ｂ、座金２５ｃを収納する凹部２２ｆ1 が形成されており、各凹部２２ｆ1 は、通し孔２２ｆを拡張するようにして形成されている。ただし、通しボルト２５は、横材２２、２２…の左右両端部に設けてもよく、横材２２の各部材Ａを貫通するように３本以上を設けてもよい。
【００３３】
なお、図１２、図１３において、横材２２、２２…は、図８と同様な込栓２３、２３を介して上下に連結されているが、込栓２３、２３に代えて、図１０のだぼ２４、２４…を使用してもよい。
【００３４】
図８の込栓２３は、ユニット化する複数本の横材２２、２２…の縦孔２２ｅ、２２ｅ…に対し、上端を最上段の横材２２の上面に突出させ、下端を最下段の横材２２の係合溝２２ｂの天面より高く位置決めしてもよい（図１４、図１５）。ただし、込栓２３は、たとえば最上段の横材２２の突条２２ａの上面からねじ釘２３ａを斜めに打ち込んで固定されている。上段のユニットを形成する横材２２、２２…は、下段のユニットの込栓２３、２３の上端を最下段の横材２２の縦孔２２ｅ、２２ｅの下部に挿入することにより、下段のユニットの横材２２、２２…上に積み重ねて連結することができる。ただし、このとき、最下段のユニットの最下段の横材２２は、図１０（Ａ）に倣って、横材２２の縦孔２２ｅの下部、土台１１側の凹部１１ｅに共通に嵌め込むだぼ２４を介して土台１１に連結するものとする。また、最上段のユニットの最上段の横材２２は、図８に倣って、上面に突出する込栓２３の上端を梁材３１側の凹部３１ｅに嵌め込んで梁材３１と連結すればよい。なお、図１４において、込栓２３は、必要に応じて各横材２２の長手方向に３本以上を配置してもよい。
【００３５】
なお、柱材２１の保持溝２１ａを段付き溝とし（図１４、図１６）、各横材２２のほぞ２２ｃは、保持溝２１ａに嵌合する段付きほぞとしてもよい。
【００３６】
各ユニットの最上段の横材２２の両端は、左右の柱材２１、２１に対し、それぞれＬ形の連結金具２６を介して連結することができる（図１４）。連結金具２６の垂直片２６ａ、水平片２６ｂは、それぞれ柱材２１の保持溝２１ａの底面、横材２２の突条２２ａの上面に埋め込むようにして釘付けされており（図１７）、連結金具２６の三角形の補強片２６ｃは、上段のユニットの最下段の横材２２に形成する下向きのスリット２２ｈに収納されている。ただし、スリット２２ｈは、横材２２の先端部に下向きの三角形に形成するに代えて、横材２２の全長に亘って下向きの背割りとして形成してもよい。なお、図１７（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）は、それぞれ図１４のＢ1 、Ｂ2 矢視相当、Ｂ3 −Ｂ3 線矢視相当の要部拡大図である。
【００３７】
各柱材２１は、保持溝２１ａに収納する縦長の連結金具２７と、土台１１を上下に貫通するボルト２７ｄとを組み合わせることにより、土台１１に対して強力に連結することができる（図１８）。ただし、連結金具２７は、柱材２１の保持溝２１ａの底面に埋め込むようにして釘付けする垂直片２７ａの下部に補強片２７ｃ、２７ｃ付きの台座片２７ｂを突設して構成されており、ボルト２７ｄは、ナット２７ｄ1 を介して台座片２７ｂに掛けられている。また、土台１１上の横材２２の先端には、台座片２７ｂ、ボルト２７ｄを収納する切欠き２２ｇが形成されている。なお、図１８（Ｂ）は、同図（Ａ）のＣ矢視相当図である。ただし、連結金具２７、ボルト２７ｄは、図１８に拘らず、柱材２１の左右両側に対称的に配設してもよいものとする。
【００３８】
各柱材２１の保持溝２１ａは、互いに平行な細幅の２条とし（図１９）、各横材２２の先端のほぞ２２ｃは、保持溝２１ａ、２１ａに適合する２条としてもよい。また、各ユニットの最上段の横材２２の先端は、突条２２ａの上面から斜めに打ち込むねじ釘２８を介して柱材２１に固定してもよい（図２０）。
【００３９】
以上の説明において、建物の隅角に位置する柱材２１は、隣接する２側面に保持溝２１ａ、２１ａを形成し、直交する２壁面を形成する横材２２、２２…の先端を保持すればよい。部屋の隅角に位置する柱材２１についても同様である。また、柱材２１は、その１側面のみ、または３側面、４側面にそれぞれ保持溝２１ａを形成することにより、壁面の終端位置に対応させ、またはＴ字状、十字状に交差する壁面に対応させることができる。
【００４０】
なお、上下に隣接する横材２２、２２の連結形態、柱材２１と横材２２との連結形態、横材２２と土台１１との連結形態は、以上説明した各形態をそれぞれ任意に組み合わせることができる。
【００４１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、この発明によれば、左右の柱材の間に横材を多段に積み重ねることによって、横材は、上面の突条に下面の係合溝を嵌合させるとともに、両端のほぞを柱材の保持溝に差し込み、吸放湿性を備える壁面を形成することができるから、調湿機能を有する高断熱の壁面を容易に構築することができるという優れた効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】全体構成分解斜視説明図
【図２】要部拡大構成説明図
【図３】要部拡大縦断面図
【図４】要部拡大分解構成図
【図５】要部拡大組立説明図
【図６】他の実施の形態を示す模式正面図
【図７】他の実施の形態を示す要部模式説明図
【図８】他の実施の形態を示す要部拡大分解斜視図
【図９】他の実施の形態を示す要部拡大模式説明図
【図１０】他の実施の形態を示す図６相当図
【図１１】図１０の模式説明図
【図１２】他の実施の形態を示す斜視図
【図１３】図１２の要部拡大構成説明図
【図１４】他の実施の形態を示す要部分解斜視図
【図１５】図１４の要部拡大図（１）
【図１６】図１４の要部拡大図（２）
【図１７】図１４の要部拡大説明図
【図１８】他の実施の形態を示す要部拡大説明図
【図１９】他の実施の形態を示す図４相当図
【図２０】他の実施の形態を示す要部拡大構成図
【符号の説明】
１１…土台
１１ａ…突条
２１…柱材
２１ａ…保持溝
２２…横材
２２ａ…突条
２２ｂ…係合溝
２２ｃ…ほぞ
２２ｄ…継手
２３…込栓
２４…だぼ
２５…通しボルト
３１…梁材
３１ａ…係合溝[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wall structure of a wooden building capable of forming a highly insulated wall surface having a humidity control function.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A wall of a building is generally formed by combining an inner wall material, an outer wall material, and a heat insulating material.
[0003]
In other words, the wall is provided with an inner wall material such as a plaster board from the indoor side to a structural material such as a pillar or a stud, and an outer wall material such as a sizing board is attached from the outside of the room, between the inner wall material and the outer wall material. It is configured with an insulating material such as glass wool or urethane foam.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When such a conventional technique is used, the inner wall material, the outer wall material, and the heat insulating material do not have moisture absorption / release properties, so there is no humidity control function for adjusting the humidity in the room. Since it is used, there is a problem that the structure is complicated and the overall construction cost tends to be high.
[0005]
Therefore, in view of the problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to make a wooden building that can easily make a highly heat-insulating wall surface having a humidity control function by stacking wooden cross members between pillars in multiple stages. It is to provide a wall structure.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, the structure of the present invention includes left and right column members and cross members stacked in multiple stages between the column members, and the column members are erected on a base via a tenon at the lower end. At the same time, the beam member is supported via the tenon at the upper end, and the transverse member is formed with a protrusion at the center of the upper surface and an engagement groove at the center of the lower surface that can be fitted to each other, and is inserted into the holding groove of the column member. Are formed at both ends, and unitized through plugs penetrating up and down, and each unit is connected to a pillar material via a connecting bracket, while the base is fitted in the engaging groove of the bottom horizontal member The gist is to form a possible protrusion on the entire length of the upper surface, and to form an engagement groove on the entire length of the lower surface of the beam member that can be fitted to the protrusion of the uppermost horizontal member.
[0007]
Note that the column member can be connected to the base via a connection fitting housed in the holding groove and a bolt penetrating the base vertically.
[0008]
Further, the cross member can be assembled integrally through a through-bolt penetrating vertically.
[0012]
[Action]
In the configuration of the invention, the cross member is stacked in multiple stages between the column members by inserting tenons at both ends into the holding grooves of the left and right column members and fitting the protrusions on the upper surface and the engagement grooves on the lower surface to each other. A wall surface can be formed between the column members. That is, the horizontal member of each step is fitted with the protrusions on the upper surface of the lower step in the engagement grooves on the lower surface of the upper step, and the tenons at both ends are inserted into the holding grooves of the column member, so that there is no gap. There is no risk of intrusion. By using wood, especially dry-treated natural wood or synthetic wood, it is possible to build a wooden wall with moisture absorption and desorption and achieve good heat insulation and humidity control. .
[0013]
The base on which the column material is erected does not cause a gap between the bottom member and the bottom member by fitting the protrusion on the upper surface into the engaging groove of the bottom member. In addition, a protrusion is formed in the full length of the upper surface of a base.
[0014]
The beam member supported by the column member does not cause a gap with the uppermost horizontal member by fitting the protrusion of the uppermost horizontal member into the engaging groove on the lower surface. The engaging groove is formed on the entire length of the lower surface of the beam material. However, the beam material here is a generic term for beams, girders, and the like supported by the column material.
[0015]
The cross member can be used effectively by using a short thinning member by joining the cross member in the longitudinal direction via a joint and adjusting the entire length to the interval of the column members. In addition, the joint uses a step joint formed by symmetrically cutting the end of the member used for the cross member, a phase notch joint, a phased sickle joint, a metal ring joint, a butt joint joint, a follow-up joint, etc. These joints are preferably used in combination with wedges or plugs.
[0016]
By connecting the cross members through the plugs, two or more cross members can be connected and unitized, and the overall strength of the wall surface can be improved. It is assumed that the plugs are provided by penetrating all or part of the cross members stacked between the left and right column members.
[0017]
The cross members can be stably connected via the dowels that are commonly engaged in the upper and lower sides, and each strength reduction can be minimized.
[0018]
The cross member can be easily produced in the factory as an integral wall panel by assembling each step up and down by assembling via a through bolt.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0020]
The wall structure of the wooden building includes left and right wooden column members 21 and 21 and wooden cross members 22, 22... Stacked in multiple stages between the column members 21 and 21 (FIG. 1).
[0021]
The column members 21 and 21 are erected on the base 11. The base 11 is fixed on the fabric foundation 12 via an anchor bolt (not shown). On the upper surface of the base 11, a ridge 11 a is formed over the entire length, and a mortise 11 b for each column member 21 is formed.
[0022]
The column members 21 and 21 have holding grooves 21a and 21a formed on the left and right side surfaces, respectively, and tenons 21b and 21b formed at both ends (FIGS. 1 and 2). 2 (A) and 2 (B) are partially broken enlarged views corresponding to the arrows X1 and X2 in FIG. 1, respectively. Each column member 21 is erected on the base 11 by inserting a tenon 21b at the lower end into the tenon hole 11b, and is prevented from coming off by driving a plug 21c. The column members 21 and 21 support the beam member 31. The beam member 31 has an engagement groove 31a formed on the entire length of the lower surface, and tenon holes 31b and 31b for the column members 21 and 21 are formed. The beam member 31 is prevented from coming off by inserting tenons 21b and 21b at the upper ends of the column members 21 and 21 into the tenon holes 31b and 31b and driving in the plugs 21c and 21c.
[0023]
Each cross member 22 has a protrusion 22a and an engagement groove 22b formed on the entire length of the upper and lower surfaces (FIGS. 1 and 3). The protrusion 22a and the engagement groove 22b can be fitted to each other, and are formed at the center of the upper surface and the lower surface of the cross member 22, respectively. Further, the protrusion 11 a of the base 11 can be fitted into the engagement groove 22 b of the cross member 22, and the protrusion 22 a of the cross member 22 can be fitted into the engagement groove 31 a of the beam member 31. Tenons 22c that can be inserted into the holding grooves 21a of the column member 21 are formed at both ends of the cross member 22 (FIGS. 1 and 4). In addition, the base 11, the column member 21, the cross member 22, and the beam member 31 are each formed of a natural wood or a synthetic wood into a wood.
[0024]
The cross members 22, 22... Are inserted into the holding grooves 21 a, 21 a of the left and right column members 21, 21, and the protrusions 22 a of the lower cross member 22 are engaged with the upper cross member 22. The mating groove 22b can be fitted and stacked on the base 11 in multiple stages (FIGS. 1 and 3). However, the lowermost cross member 22 has the protrusion 11a of the base 11 fitted in the lower engaging groove 22b, and the uppermost member 22 has the upper protrusion 22a and the engaging groove 31a of the beam 31. To fit. The beam members 31 are installed on the column members 21, 21 after the cross members 22, 22... Are stacked between the column members 21, 21. The cross members 22, 22... Stacked in this way do not cause any gaps between the base material 11, the column materials 21, 21, and the beam material 31. A solid wooden wall can be formed. Further, the cross members 22, 22... Can be finished to a wall surface having moisture absorption / release characteristics and a good humidity control function by using dried wood.
[0025]
[Other embodiments]
The cross member 22 may be formed by joining the members A and A through the joint 22d (FIG. 5). However, FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views of the joint 22d before and after assembly. The joint 22d is formed by combining recesses 22d1, 22d1, steps 22d3, 22d3, and protrusions 22d2, 22d2 formed symmetrically at the respective tips of the members A, A. In the joint 22d, the protrusions 22d2 and 22d2 on the tip side of the members A and A are fitted into the recesses 22d1 and 22d1, respectively, and the wedges 22d4 are driven between the steps 22d3 and 22d3 to join the members A and A together. The A protrusions 22a and 22a and the engaging grooves 22b and 22b are continued in the longitudinal direction.
[0026]
Each cross member 22 is spliced through a joint 22d and adapted to the interval between the column members 21 and 21 (FIGS. 6 and 7). The cross members 22, 22... Are stacked so that the respective joints 22d do not overlap vertically. That is, the cross members 22, 22... May be stacked alternately with the cross members 22 having the joints 22 d and without the cross members 22 (FIG. 6), and the positions of the joints 22 d of the cross members 22 at each stage are alternately left and right. They may be shifted to each other (FIG. 7). However, in FIG. 7B, a cross member 22 including a plurality of joints 22d and 22d is used. Each cross member 22 can be modularized by preparing a plurality of lengths of the member A delimited by the joint 22d, and can easily realize an overall length that matches the interval between the column members 21 and 21. .
[0027]
That is, the cross members 22, 22..., As long as the positions of the joints 22 d, 22 d do not overlap adjacently, only those having the joint 22 d, those not having the joint 22 d, or those having the joint 22 d only. It can be used and stacked. Each cross member 22 having the joint 22d includes one or more arbitrary joints 22d, 22d.
[0028]
The cross members 22, 22... Can be connected via plugs 23, 23, which penetrate vertically (FIG. 6, FIG. 8). Each of the cross members 22 is formed with a protrusion 22a and a vertical hole 22e for a plug 23 that opens into the engagement groove 22b. The plug 23 has a suitable number of cross members 22, 22,. Each time the piles are stacked, the cross members 22, 22,... The plugs 23 are preferably arranged in the longitudinal direction of the cross members 22, 22 ... so as to correspond to each member A of the cross member 22 delimited by the joint 22d (FIGS. 6 and 7). Further, the cross member 22 at the position where the plugs 23 and 23 are added up and down extends the vertical hole 22e in the longitudinal direction of the cross member 22 so that the two plugs 23 and 23 can be penetrated adjacently. It shall be (FIGS. 6 and 8). However, the base 11 and the beam member 31 can be formed with recesses 11e and 31e for storing the lower end and the upper end of the plug 23, respectively.
[0029]
The plugs 23 and 23 to be added vertically may be arranged in a straight line by inserting their respective ends into the upper and lower recesses 22e1 and 22e1 of the cross member 22 (FIG. 9A). The plugs 23 and 23 may be inserted into the vertical hole 22e for the single plug 23 from above and below, and the end of the single cross member 22 may be abutted and added (FIG. 5B).
[0030]
The cross members 22, 22 adjacent in the vertical direction may be connected via a dowel 24 (FIGS. 10 and 11). However, FIG. 10B is an enlarged cross-sectional view corresponding to the direction of arrows ZZ in FIG. The dowel 24 is fitted in the recess 22e1 on the upper surface of the lower cross member 22 and the recess 22e1 on the lower surface of the upper cross member 22. Further, the lowermost cross member 22 is connected to the base 11 via the bottom dowels 24, 24... And the uppermost cross member 22 is connected to the beam member 31 via the upper dowels 24, 24. Link. The dowels 24, 24... Are preferably arranged in the longitudinal direction of the cross member 22 so as to be surely engaged with the upper and lower surfaces of each member A of the cross member 22 having the joint 22d.
[0031]
The cross members 22, 22... Can be assembled together through through bolts 25, 25 penetrating vertically (FIGS. 12 and 13). However, FIG. 13B is an enlarged cross-sectional view corresponding to the line AA in FIG.
[0032]
The cross member 22 of each step is formed with a through hole 22f for a through bolt 25 that opens into the protrusion 22a and the engaging groove 22b. The through bolt 25 vertically penetrates the through holes 22f, 22f. The cross members 22, 22... Can be assembled as an integral wall panel. A recess 22f1 for receiving the head 25a of the through bolt 25 and the washer 25c is formed on the lower surface side of the lowermost cross member 22. The upper surface side of the upper cross member 22 is used for the through bolt 25. Recesses 22f1 for accommodating nuts 25b and washers 25c are formed, and each recess 22f1 is formed so as to expand the through hole 22f. However, the through bolts 25 may be provided at both left and right ends of the cross members 22, 22... Or three or more may be provided so as to penetrate each member A of the cross member 22.
[0033]
12 and 13, the cross members 22, 22... Are connected up and down via the same plugs 23, 23 as in FIG. 8, but instead of the plugs 23, 23, FIG. Dowels 24, 24 ... may be used.
[0034]
8 has a top end protruding from the upper surface of the uppermost cross member 22 with respect to the vertical holes 22e, 22e... Of the plurality of cross members 22, 22. You may position higher than the top | upper surface of the engaging groove 22b of the material 22 (FIG. 14, FIG. 15). However, the insertion plug 23 is fixed by, for example, driving a screw nail 23a obliquely from the upper surface of the protrusion 22a of the uppermost cross member 22. The cross members 22, 22... Forming the upper unit are inserted into the lower portions of the vertical holes 22 e, 22 e of the lower cross member 22 by inserting the upper ends of the plugs 23, 23 of the lower unit. It can be stacked and connected on the cross members 22, 22. However, at this time, the lowermost cross member 22 of the lowermost unit is commonly fitted into the lower portion of the vertical hole 22e of the cross member 22 and the recess 11e on the base 11 side in accordance with FIG. It shall be connected to the base 11 via 24. Further, the uppermost cross member 22 of the uppermost unit may be connected to the beam member 31 by fitting the upper end of the insertion plug 23 protruding from the upper surface into the recess 31e on the beam member 31 side in accordance with FIG. . In FIG. 14, three or more plugs 23 may be arranged in the longitudinal direction of each cross member 22 as necessary.
[0035]
The holding groove 21a of the column member 21 may be a stepped groove (FIGS. 14 and 16), and the tenon 22c of each cross member 22 may be a stepped tenon that fits into the holding groove 21a.
[0036]
Both ends of the uppermost cross member 22 of each unit can be connected to the left and right column members 21 and 21 via L-shaped connecting fittings 26, respectively (FIG. 14). The vertical piece 26a and the horizontal piece 26b of the connecting fitting 26 are nailed so as to be embedded in the bottom surface of the holding groove 21a of the column member 21 and the upper surface of the protrusion 22a of the cross member 22 (FIG. 17). The triangular reinforcing piece 26c is accommodated in a downward slit 22h formed in the lowermost cross member 22 of the upper unit. However, the slit 22h may be formed as a downward spine over the entire length of the cross member 22 instead of forming a downward triangle at the tip of the cross member 22. FIGS. 17A to 17C are enlarged views of the main parts corresponding to the arrows B1 and B2 and the arrows B3 and B3 in FIG. 14, respectively.
[0037]
Each column member 21 can be strongly connected to the base 11 by combining a vertically long connecting fitting 27 housed in the holding groove 21a and a bolt 27d penetrating vertically through the base 11 (FIG. 18). . However, the connecting bracket 27 is configured by projecting a base piece 27b with reinforcing pieces 27c and 27c at the lower part of a vertical piece 27a to be nailed so as to be embedded in the bottom surface of the holding groove 21a of the column member 21, and a bolt 27d is hung on the base piece 27b via a nut 27d1. Further, a notch 22g for accommodating a base piece 27b and a bolt 27d is formed at the tip of the cross member 22 on the base 11. FIG. 18B is a view corresponding to the arrow C in FIG. However, the connection fitting 27 and the bolt 27d may be symmetrically disposed on both the left and right sides of the column member 21 regardless of FIG.
[0038]
The holding grooves 21a of each column 21 may be two narrow strips parallel to each other (FIG. 19), and the tenon 22c at the tip of each cross member 22 may be two strips that fit the holding grooves 21a, 21a. Moreover, you may fix the front-end | tip of the uppermost cross member 22 of each unit to the pillar material 21 via the screw nail 28 which drives diagonally from the upper surface of the protrusion 22a (FIG. 20).
[0039]
In the above description, if the pillar material 21 located at the corner of the building forms the holding grooves 21a, 21a on the two adjacent side surfaces and holds the ends of the cross members 22, 22 ... forming two orthogonal wall surfaces. Good. The same applies to the column member 21 located at the corner of the room. In addition, the column member 21 has a holding groove 21a formed on only one side surface, three side surfaces, or four side surfaces thereof, so that it corresponds to the end position of the wall surface, or corresponds to the wall surface intersecting in a T shape or a cross shape. Can be made.
[0040]
In addition, the connection form of the horizontal members 22 and 22 adjacent to the upper and lower sides, the connection form of the column member 21 and the cross member 22, and the connection form of the cross member 22 and the base 11 are arbitrarily combined with each of the above-described forms. Can do.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the horizontal members are stacked in multiple stages between the left and right column members, so that the horizontal members fit the lower surface engaging grooves into the upper surface protrusions, and Since the tenon can be inserted into the holding groove of the pillar material and a wall surface having moisture absorption / release properties can be formed, there is an excellent effect that a highly heat-insulated wall surface having a humidity control function can be easily constructed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an exploded perspective view of an entire structure. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an essential part. FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of an essential part. FIG. 4 is an enlarged exploded view of an essential part. FIG. 6 is a schematic front view showing another embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view of a main part showing another embodiment. FIG. 8 is an enlarged exploded perspective view of a main part showing another embodiment. [Fig. 10] Fig. 10 is an enlarged schematic explanatory view of the main part showing another embodiment. Fig. 10 is an equivalent view of Fig. 6 showing another embodiment. [Fig. 11] Fig. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 shows another embodiment. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of an enlarged configuration of the main part of FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of the main part showing another embodiment. FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG.
16 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 14 (2).
FIG. 17 is a main part enlarged explanatory view of FIG. 14. FIG. 18 is a main part enlarged explanatory view showing another embodiment. FIG. 19 is an equivalent view of FIG. 4 showing another embodiment. [Explanation of the symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Base 11a ... Projection 21 ... Column 21a ... Holding groove 22 ... Cross member 22a ... Projection 22b ... Engagement groove 22c ... Tenon 22d ... Joint 23 ... Insertion plug 24 ... Dowel 25 ... Through bolt 31 ... Beam material 31a ... engaging groove

Claims

It is provided with left and right pillars and cross members stacked in multiple stages between the pillars, and the pillars are erected on the base via the tenon at the lower end and the beam member is provided through the tenon at the upper end. The transverse member is formed with a protrusion at the center of the upper surface and an engagement groove at the center of the lower surface that can be fitted to each other over the entire length, and a tenon inserted into the holding groove of the column member at both ends, and vertically. unitized through the penetrating to Komisen, while connected to the pillar member via the connecting fitting for each unit, the base has an upper surface fittable ridges the engagement groove of the lowermost of said crossmember The wall structure of the wooden building is characterized in that the beam member is formed with an entire length of the lower surface of an engagement groove that can be fitted to the protrusion of the uppermost horizontal member.

The column member, the wall structure of claim 1 Symbol mounting wooden building, characterized in that connected to the base via a bolt which passes through the connecting fitting and the base for accommodating the retaining groove vertically.

The wall structure of a wooden building according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the cross member is assembled integrally through a through bolt penetrating vertically.