JP3909276B2 - Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device - Google Patents

Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3909276B2
JP3909276B2 JP2002245840A JP2002245840A JP3909276B2 JP 3909276 B2 JP3909276 B2 JP 3909276B2 JP 2002245840 A JP2002245840 A JP 2002245840A JP 2002245840 A JP2002245840 A JP 2002245840A JP 3909276 B2 JP3909276 B2 JP 3909276B2
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columnar
internal electrode
piezoelectric element
electrode
conductive terminal
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JP2004087730A (en
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成信 中村
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、積層型圧電素子及び噴射装置に関し、例えば、自動車用燃料噴射装置、光学装置等の精密位置決め装置や振動防止用の駆動素子等に用いられる積層型圧電素子及び噴射装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来より、積層型圧電素子としては、圧電体と内部電極を交互に積層した積層型圧電アクチュエータが知られている。積層型圧電アクチュエータには、同時焼成タイプと、圧電磁器と内部電極板を交互に積層したスタックタイプとの2種類に分類されており、低電圧化、製造コスト低減の面から考慮すると、同時焼成タイプの積層型圧電アクチュエータが薄層化に対して有利であるために、その優位性を示しつつある。
【0003】
図4は、従来の積層型圧電アクチュエータを示すもので、このアクチュエータでは、圧電体51と内部電極52が交互に積層されて柱状積層体53が形成され、その積層方向における両端面には不活性層55が積層されている。内部電極52は、その一方の端部が左右交互に絶縁体61で被覆され、その上から帯状外部電極70が内部電極52と左右各々一層おきに導通するように形成されている。帯状外部電極70上には、さらにリード線76が半田77により固定されている。
【0004】
ところで、近年においては、小型の圧電アクチュエータで大きな圧力下において大きな変位量を確保するため、より高い電界を印加し、長期間連続駆動させることが行われている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した圧電アクチュエータでは、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合、圧電体51間に形成された内部電極52と、正極、負極用の外部電極70との間で剥離が発生し、一部の圧電体51に電圧供給されなくなり、駆動中に変位特性が変化するという問題があった。
【0006】
本発明は、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極とが断線することがなく、耐久性に優れた積層型圧電素子及び噴射装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の積層型圧電素子は、圧電体と内部電極とを交互に積層してなる柱状積層体と、該柱状積層体の側面に設けられ、前記内部電極が一層おきに交互に電気的に接続された一対の外部電極とを具備してなる積層型圧電素子であって、前記内部電極の端部に一層おきに前記柱状積層体の側面から突出する突起状導電性端子を設け、隣り合う突起状導電性端子間における前記柱状積層体の側面には、底面に内部電極端が露出し内部に樹脂製絶縁体が充填された凹溝が形成され、前記突起状導電性端子が、前記柱状積層体の側面に導電性ペーストを塗布して形成された外部電極中に埋設されており、ガラスを主成分とするガラス領域が、前記突起状導電性端子の根元部の側面及び該側面に続く前記柱状積層体の側面を覆っていることを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明の積層型圧電素子では、内部電極の端部には突起状導電性端子が設けられ、この突起状導電性端子が外部電極中に埋設されているため、突起状導電性端子のアンカー効果により外部電極が内部電極に強固に接合しており、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続運転させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制することができ、耐久性を大幅に向上できる。また、従来は、内部電極の端部に外部電極を接合しており、外部電極との接合面積が小さく、導電性が低く、接続信頼性も低いものであったが、本発明では、突起状導電性端子を外部電極中に埋設しているため、突起状導電性端子と外部電極との接合面積が大きく、外部電極と内部電極間の導電性を向上でき、しかも外部電極と内部電極との接続信頼性も向上できる。
さらに、柱状積層体の側面には凹溝を形成し、この凹溝内に樹脂製絶縁体を充填し、これにより、内部電極と外部電極との絶縁を確保できるとともに、凹溝内には樹脂製絶縁体が充填されているため、柱状積層体の変形に対して凹溝内の樹脂製絶縁体が追従して変形し、凹溝近傍にクラック等が発生することがなく、また、発生する応力も低減できる。
また、本発明では、ガラスを主成分とするガラス領域が、前記突起状導電性端子の根元部の側面及び該側面に続く前記柱状積層体の側面を覆っているので、このガラス領域が突起状導電性端子を保持することになって、突起状導電性端子の強度を向上させることができる。
【0009】
また、ガラス領域における前記柱状積層体の側面に垂直な方向の厚みが、前記突起状導電性端子から離隔するにつれて漸次減少しているときには、ガラス領域の表面がなだらかに傾斜面となるので、ガラス領域の一部に応力が集中するのを防止することができる。
【0010】
さらに、前記凹溝における前記柱状積層体の積層方向の厚みが、前記柱状積層体の側面側よりも前記凹溝の底面側の方が厚いことが好ましい。
【0011】
また、本発明の積層型圧電素子は、突起状導電性端子が、内部電極の端部に拡散接合していることを特徴とする。このような積層型圧電素子では、内部電極の端部に突起状導電性端子をより強固に接合できる。
【0012】
さらに、本発明の積層型圧電素子は、突起状導電性端子が接続される内部電極端部の厚みが、柱状積層体中央部における内部電極の厚みよりも厚くなっているのが好ましい。すなわち、前記内部電極の厚みは、該内部電極の幅方向の中央部よりも前記突起状導電性端子に接続された前記端部の方が厚くなっているのが好ましい。このような構成によれば、内部電極端部と突起状導電性端子との接合部の面積が広くなり、これにより、内部電極と突起状導電性端子の接続を強固にできるため、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続運転させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制することができ、耐久性を大幅に向上できる。
【0013】
本発明の噴射装置は、噴射孔を有する収納容器と、該収納容器内に収容された上記積層型圧電素子と、該積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から液体を噴出させるバルブとを具備するものである。
【0014】
このような噴射装置では、上記したように、積層型圧電素子自体において外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制でき、耐久性を大幅に向上できるため、噴射装置の耐久性をも向上できる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の積層型圧電アクチュエータからなる積層型圧電素子の一形態を示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A’線に沿った縦断面図、(c)は内部電極と外部電極の接合部近傍の拡大図である。
【0016】
積層型圧電アクチュエータは、図1に示すように、圧電体1と内部電極2とを交互に複数積層してなる四角柱状の柱状積層体1aの側面において、内部電極2の端部を一層おきに樹脂製絶縁体3で被覆し、樹脂製絶縁体3で被覆していない内部電極2の端部に突起状導電性端子5を設け、該突起状導電性端子5を、柱状積層体1aの側面に導電性ペーストを塗布して形成してなる外部電極4中に埋設して接合し、各外部電極4にリード線6を接続固定して構成されている。
【0017】
圧電体1は、例えば、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(以下PZTと略す)、或いはチタン酸バリウムBaTiO3を主成分とする圧電セラミックス材料等で形成されている。この圧電セラミックスは、その圧電特性を示す圧電歪み定数d33が高いものが望ましい。
【0018】
また、圧電体1の厚み、つまり内部電極2間の距離は50〜250μmが望ましい。これは、積層型圧電アクチュエータは電圧を印加してより大きな変位量を得るために、積層数を増加させる方法がとられるが、上記のような圧電体1の厚みを採用することにより、アクチュエータの小型化、低背化を達成できるとともに、圧電体1の絶縁破壊を防止できるからである。
【0019】
圧電体1の間には内部電極2が配されているが、この内部電極2は、例えば銀−パラジウム等の金属材料で形成されており、各圧電体1に所定の電圧を印加し、圧電体1に逆圧電効果による変位を起こさせる作用をなす。尚、内部電極2をCuで形成すると、電極材料費を低減できる。この場合には、圧電体1として、還元雰囲気で焼成しても圧電特性が低下しない耐還元性の圧電体1を用いる必要がある。
【0020】
また、突起状導電性端子5が形成される柱状積層体1aの側面に内部電極2一層おきに深さ30〜500μm、積層方向の幅30〜200μmの凹溝11が形成されており、この凹溝11の底面には内部電極2端が露出している。凹溝11内にはエポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、シリコーンゴム等が充填されて樹脂製絶縁体3が形成されている。凹溝11内の樹脂製絶縁体3はヤング率が小さいものが望ましく、特には、柱状積層体1aの変位に対して追従する弾性率が低いシリコーンゴムからなることが望ましい。
【0021】
突起状導電性端子5と、凹溝11内の樹脂製絶縁体3とは、外部電極4が形成される柱状積層体1aの側面に露出した内部電極2の端部に交互に形成されている。
【0022】
即ち、凹溝11内に充填された樹脂製絶縁体3により内部電極2の端部が互い違いに一層おきに絶縁され、内部電極2の絶縁されていない他方の端部は、突起状導電性端子5を介して、導電性ペーストを塗布して形成された外部電極4と接合されている。外部電極4は、導電剤とマトリックスからなり、マトリックスとしてはガラスまたは樹脂が用いられる。例えば銀を主成分とする導電材とガラスからなるものや、銀を主成分とする導電材とポリイミド樹脂からなるものが使用できる。
【0023】
突起状導電性端子5は、内部電極2の端部に拡散接合している。即ち、内部電極2が銀を主成分とし、パラジウムを含有し、突起状導電性端子5が銀を主成分としている場合、内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5の銀が相互に拡散するとともに、内部電極2のパラジウムが突起状導電性端子5に拡散し、これにより突起状導電性端子5が内部電極2の端部に拡散接合している。
【0024】
柱状積層体1aの対向する側面には、導電性ペーストを塗布して形成され、銀を主成分とする導電材と、残部がマトリックスとしてガラスまたは樹脂からなる外部電極4が接合しており、この外部電極4中には、突起状導電性端子5が埋設され、これにより外部電極4に内部電極2が一層おきに電気的に接続されている。この銀を主成分とする導電材、残部がマトリックスとしてガラスまたは樹脂からなる外部電極4は、接続されている各内部電極2に圧電体1を逆圧電効果により変位させるに必要な電圧を共通に供給する作用をなす。
【0025】
外部電極4、突起状導電性端子5の導電材は銀を主成分とするもので、これ以外に、ニッケル、銅、金、アルミニウム等の導電性を備えた金属及びそれらの合金から構成されていても良い。
【0026】
外部電極4の導電材、突起状導電性端子5は、耐酸化性を有し、ヤング率が低いという点から、銀、若しくは銀主成分の合金が望ましい。
【0027】
柱状積層体1aの対向する側面にはそれぞれ外部電極4が突起状導電性端子5を埋設して形成されており、各々の外部電極4には、積層されている内部電極2が一層おきに電気的に接続されている。この外部電極4は、接続されている各内部電極2に圧電体1を逆圧電効果により変位させるに必要な電圧を共通に供給する作用をなす。
【0028】
突起状導電性端子5の積層方向と同一方向の厚みBは、図1(c)に示すように、外部電極4と内部電極2との接続部の抵抗を低くし、且つアクチュエータの駆動時に生じる応力を十分に吸収するという点から、1μm以上且つ圧電体1厚みの1/2以下であることが望ましい。特には、厚みBは5〜25μmが望ましい。
【0029】
本発明では、突起状導電性端子5と接続する内部電極2の端部2aの厚みは、内部電極2の中央部2bの厚みよりも厚くされている。この突起状導電性端子5と接続する内部電極2の端部2aの厚みは、内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5の接続を有効的に強固にするという点から、内部電極2の中央部2bの厚みの1.3倍以上であることが望ましい。内部電極2の端部2aとは、柱状積層体1a側面近傍の内部電極をいう。
【0030】
突起状導電性端子5が形成された柱状積層体1aの側面において、突起状導電性端子5が形成されていない内部電極2の端部に凹溝11が形成されていることにより、突起状導電性端子5に接続する内部電極2の端部2aの厚みを有効的に厚くすることができるため、即ち、後述する突起状導電性端子5が形成される過程において、凹溝11部が変形し、凹溝11の外部電極4側の開口幅が積層方向に狭まることにより、突起状導電性端子5が接続される内部電極2の端部2aを厚くすることができる。
【0031】
また、凹溝11は、凹溝11間の凸状となった圧電体1及び内部電極2の強度を損なうことなく、有効的に凹溝11が変形して、突起状導電性端子5に接続する内部電極2の端部2aの厚みを厚くすることができるという点から、深さを50〜500μm、積層方向の幅を圧電体1厚みの1/3〜2/3にすることが望ましい。
【0032】
本発明の積層型圧電素子の製法について説明する。まず、柱状積層体1aを作製する。複数の圧電体1と複数の内部電極2とを交互に積層して成る柱状積層体1aは、PZT等の圧電セラミックスの仮焼粉末と、アクリル系、ブチラール系等の有機高分子から成るバインダーと、DBP(フタル酸ジオチル)、DOP(フタル酸ジブチル)等の可塑剤とを混合してスラリーを作製し、該スラリーを周知のドクターブレード法やカレンダーロール法等のテープ成型法により圧電体1となるセラミックグリーンシートを作製する。
【0033】
次に、銀−パラジウム粉末にバインダー、可塑剤等を添加混合して導電性ペーストを作製し、これを前記各グリーンシートの上面にスクリーン印刷等によって1〜40μmの厚みに印刷する。
【0034】
そして、上面に導電性ペーストが印刷されたグリーンシートを積層し、この積層体について所定の温度で脱バインダーを行った後、900〜1200℃で焼成することによって柱状積層体1aが作製される。
【0035】
その後、図2(a)に示すようにダイシング装置等により柱状積層体1aの側面に一層おきに凹溝11を形成する。
【0036】
その後、凹溝11間における柱状積層体1a側面に露出した内部電極2およびこの内部電極2の近傍の圧電体1表面に、粒径0.1〜10μmの銀粉末を50〜80体積%と、残部が粒径0.1〜10μmでケイ素を主成分とする軟化点が600〜950℃のガラス粉末20〜50体積%からなる混合物にバインダーを加えて作製した銀ガラス導電性ペースト21を、図2(b)に示すように塗布、乾燥し、700〜950℃で熱処理することにより、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中のガラスが溶融し、溶融したガラス中に存在する銀成分が内部電極2の端部に集合し、図2(c)に示すように、柱状積層体1aの側面から突出する突起状導電性端子5が形成されるとともに、銀ガラス導電ペースト中の銀成分が内部電極2の端部2aに拡散していき、内部電極2の端部2aの厚みが内部電極2の中央部2bの厚みよりも厚くなる。
【0037】
尚、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中のガラス5aは、突起状導電性端子5の根元部に集合し、突起状導電性端子5を保持することになる。
【0038】
特に、本発明では、凹溝11を形成した後に、銀ガラス導電ペースト21を塗布、熱処理することにより、内部電極2の端部2aの厚みを内部電極2の中央部2bの厚みよりも厚くできる。このように、内部電極2の端部2aの厚みが大きくなるため、その先端に形成される突起状導電性端子5との接合強度が大きくなる。尚、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21の熱処理後に凹溝11を形成し、再度熱処理することによっても内部電極2の端部2aの厚みを内部電極2の中央部2bの厚みよりも厚くできる。
【0039】
内部電極2の端部2aと内部電極2の中央部2bの厚み比率は、熱処理温度、及び銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中の銀の含有量を変化させることにより制御することができる。
【0040】
この突起状導電性端子5は柱状積層体1aの側面の一部に形成されており、レール状に形成され、その長さは外部電極4の幅とほぼ同一とされている。尚、突起状導電性端子5の長さは、外部電極4の幅よりも短くても良い。
【0041】
銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中の銀粉末を50〜80体積%、残部のガラス粉末を20〜50体積%としたのは、この範囲内とすることにより、突起状導電端子5を構成する銀成分が適量となり、形成される突起状導電性端子5の突出高さhを高くできるとともに、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中の固形分残部であるガラス成分が適量となるため、該銀ガラス導電性ペースト21の焼き付け時に溶融するガラス成分も適量であり、銀成分が内部電極2端部に容易に集合し、突起状導電性端子5の突出高さhを高くできる。
【0042】
その後、突起状導電性端子5が形成された柱状積層体1a側面であって、突起状導電性端子5間に、凹溝11の開口部を遮蔽し、凹溝11内に後述する銀ガラス導電性ペースト4bの浸入を阻止する、例えば、紙等を配置する。粒径0.1〜10μmの銀粉末を60〜90体積%と残部が粒径0.1〜10μmで軟化点が800〜1000℃のガラス粉末を10〜40体積%からなる混合物にバインダーを加えて作製した銀ガラス導電性ペースト4bを、図2(d)に示すように柱状積層体1aの側面に塗布、乾燥し、500〜700℃で焼き付けすることにより、銀とガラスが分散した導電性ペーストにて外部電極4が形成される。尚、紙からなる遮蔽物は焼き付け時に消失する。
【0043】
即ち、導電性ペースト4bの焼き付けは、突起状導電性端子5を形成した銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中のガラスは勿論、導電性ペースト4b中のガラス成分が軟化する温度以下で焼き付けを行うことにより、突起状導電性端子5を覆う導電性ペースト4bの膜が形成され、該導電性ペースト4bにより突起状導電性端子5同士が連結される。
【0044】
その後、シリコーンゴム溶液に柱状積層体1aを浸漬し、真空引きすることにより凹溝11内にシリコーンゴムからなる樹脂製絶縁体3を充填し、外部電極4にリード線6を接続することにより本発明の積層型圧電素子が完成する。
【0045】
そして、リード線6を介して一対の外部電極4に0.1〜3kV/mmの直流電圧を印加し、柱状積層体1aを分極処理することによって、製品としての積層型圧電アクチュエータが完成し、リード線6を外部の電圧供給部に接続し、リード線6及び外部電極4を介して内部電極2に電圧を印加させれば、各圧電体1は逆圧電効果によって大きく変位し、これによって例えばエンジンに燃料を噴射供給する自動車用燃料噴射弁として機能する。
【0046】
また、本発明では、外部電極4に導電性補助部材を形成しても良い。外部電極4に導電性補助部材を設けることによりアクチュエータに大電流を投入し、高速で駆動させる場合においても、大電流を導電性補助部材に流すことができ、外部電極4に流れる電流を低減できることから、外部電極4が局所発熱を起こし断線することを防ぐことができ、耐久性を大幅に向上させることができる。
【0047】
なお、導電性補助部材はアクチュエータの伸縮に追従し、駆動中に該導電性補助部材の断線を防ぐ点、および、外部電極4にクラックが生じるのを防ぐという点から、金属等のメッシュ若しくはメッシュ状の金属板が好ましく、前記導電性補助部材を外部電極4に埋設しても良い。
【0048】
さらに、外部電極4は高温で駆動させる場合においても劣化しないという点から、高耐熱を有するポリイミド樹脂に導電剤を分散させたものを使用できる。
【0049】
本発明の積層型圧電素子はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲であれば種々の変更は可能である。
【0050】
例えば、上記例では、柱状積層体1aの対向する側面に外部電極4を形成した例について説明したが、本発明では、例えば隣設する側面に外部電極を形成してもよい。
【0051】
図3は、本発明の噴射装置を示すもので、図において符号31は収納容器を示している。この収納容器31の一端には噴射孔33が設けられ、また収納容器31内には、噴射孔33を開閉することができるニードルバルブ35が収容されている。
【0052】
噴射孔33には燃料通路37が連通可能に設けられ、この燃料通路37は外部の燃料供給源に連結され、燃料通路37に常時一定の高圧で燃料が供給されている。従って、ニードルバルブ35が噴射孔33を開放すると、燃料通路37に供給されていた燃料が一定の高圧で内燃機関の図示しない燃料室内に噴出されるように形成されている。
【0053】
また、ニードルバルブ35の上端部は直径が大きくなっており、収納容器31に形成されたシリンダ39と摺動可能なピストン41となっている。そして、収納容器31内には、上記した圧電アクチュエータ43が収納されている。
【0054】
このような噴射装置では、圧電アクチュエータ43が電圧を印加されて伸長すると、ピストン41が押圧され、ニードルバルブ35が噴射孔33を閉塞し、燃料の供給が停止される。また、電圧の印加が停止されると圧電アクチュエータ43が収縮し、皿バネ45がピストン41を押し返し、噴射孔33が燃料通路37と連通して燃料の噴射が行われるようになっている。
【0055】
【実施例】
まず、柱状積層体を作製した。圧電体は厚み150μmのPZTで形成し、内部電極は厚み3μmの銀−パラジウム合金によって形成し、圧電体及び内部電極の各々の積層数は300層とした。
【0056】
次に、外部電極形成面に露出した内部電極の端部近傍に、内部電極一層おきに深さ150μm、幅75μmの凹溝をダイシング装置により形成した。その後、凹溝間における内部電極およびこの内部電極の近傍の圧電体表面に、平均粒径5μmの銀粉末を60体積%と、残部が平均粒径5μmでケイ素を主成分とする軟化点が750℃のガラス粉末40体積%からなる混合物にバインダーを加えて作製した銀ガラス導電性ペーストを塗布、乾燥した。その後、大気中900℃で熱処理することにより、柱状積層体の側面から突出する突起状導電性端子を形成した。
【0057】
次に、凹溝の開口部に遮蔽物として紙を配置し、凹溝内に銀ガラス導電性ペーストが浸入しないようにした後、突起状導電性端子が形成された柱状積層体側面に平均粒径3μmの銀粉末を85体積%と残部が粒径5μmで軟化点が850℃のガラス粉末を15体積%からなる混合物にバインダーを加えて作製した銀ガラス導電性ペーストを塗布、乾燥し、650℃で焼き付けすることにより、銀とガラスが分散した導電性ペーストにて外部電極を形成した。
【0058】
なお、突起状導電性端子には、銀とパラジウムが分散していた。また、このときの、突起状導電性端子の高さhは平均で20μmで、該突起状導電性端子に接続する部分の内部電極2の端部2aの厚みは5μm、柱状積層体中央部の内部電極2の厚みは2μmであった。
【0059】
その後、凹溝に樹脂製絶縁体としてシリコーンゴムを真空引きすることにより充填した。さらに、外部電極にリード線を接続し、正極及び負極の外部電極にリード線を介して3kV/mmの直流電界を15分間印加して分極処理を行い、図1に示すような積層型圧電アクチュエータを作製した。
【0060】
得られた積層型圧電アクチュエータに150Vの直流電圧を印加した結果、積層方向に40μmの変位量が得られた。さらに、このアクチュエータに室温で0〜+150Vの交流電圧を120Hzの周波数にて印加し駆動試験を行った結果、1×109サイクルまで駆動したところ40μmの変位量が得られ、外部電極の異常は見られなかった。
【0061】
一方、比較例として、内部電極の一方の端部を左右交互にガラスからなる絶縁体で被覆し、その上から上記した銀ガラス導電性ペーストを塗布して700℃で熱処理を行い、外部電極が内部電極と左右各々一層おきに導通した図4に示すアクチュエータを作製し、上記と同様の試験を行ったところ、駆動試験で1×105サイクルで外部電極にスパークが発生した。
【0062】
【発明の効果】
本発明の積層型圧電素子によれば、内部電極の端部には突起状導電性端子が設けられ、この突起状導電性端子が外部電極中に埋設されているため、突起状導電性端子のアンカー効果により外部電極が内部電極に強固に接合しており、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続運転させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制することができ、耐久性を大幅に向上できる。また、突起状導電性端子と外部電極との接合面積が大きく、外部電極と内部電極間の導電性を向上でき、しかも外部電極と内部電極との接続信頼性も向上できる。
【0063】
さらに、柱状積層体の側面には凹溝を形成し、この凹溝内に樹脂製絶縁体を充填し、これにより、内部電極と外部電極との絶縁を確保できるとともに、凹溝内には樹脂製絶縁体が充填されているため、柱状積層体の変形に対して凹溝内の樹脂製絶縁体が追従して変形し、凹溝近傍にクラック等が発生することがない。また、ガラスを主成分とするガラス領域が、突起状導電性端子の根元部の側面及び該側面に続く柱状積層体の側面を覆っているので、このガラス領域が突起状導電性端子を保持することになって、突起状導電性端子の強度を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の積層型圧電素子を示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A’線に沿った縦断面図、(c)は(b)の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明の積層型圧電素子の製法を説明するための工程図である。
【図3】本発明の噴射装置を示す断面図である。
【図4】従来の積層型圧電アクチュエータの縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・圧電体
1a・・・柱状積層体
2・・・内部電極
2a・・・内部電極の端部
2b・・・内部電極の中央部
3・・・樹脂製絶縁体
4・・・外部電極
5・・・突起状導電性端子
11・・・凹溝
31・・・収納容器
33・・・噴射孔
35・・・バルブ
43・・・圧電アクチュエータ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device, for example, a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device used for a precision positioning device such as a fuel injection device for an automobile and an optical device, a driving element for vibration prevention, and the like. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a multilayer piezoelectric element, a multilayer piezoelectric actuator in which piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes are alternately stacked is known. Multilayer piezoelectric actuators are classified into two types: the simultaneous firing type and the stack type in which piezoelectric ceramics and internal electrode plates are alternately laminated. Since the multilayer piezoelectric actuator of the type is advantageous for thinning, its superiority is being shown.
[0003]
FIG. 4 shows a conventional laminated piezoelectric actuator. In this actuator, piezoelectric bodies 51 and internal electrodes 52 are alternately laminated to form a columnar laminated body 53, which is inactive on both end faces in the laminating direction. Layer 55 is laminated. The internal electrode 52 is formed so that one end thereof is alternately covered with the insulator 61 on the left and right sides, and the strip-like external electrode 70 is electrically connected to the internal electrode 52 every two layers on the left and right. On the strip-shaped external electrode 70, a lead wire 76 is further fixed with solder 77.
[0004]
By the way, in recent years, in order to ensure a large amount of displacement under a large pressure with a small piezoelectric actuator, a higher electric field is applied to continuously drive for a long time.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described piezoelectric actuator, when continuously driven for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, peeling occurs between the internal electrode 52 formed between the piezoelectric bodies 51 and the external electrode 70 for the positive electrode and the negative electrode. There is a problem that the voltage is not supplied to some of the piezoelectric bodies 51 and the displacement characteristics change during driving.
[0006]
The present invention provides a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device that are excellent in durability without disconnecting the external electrode and the internal electrode even when continuously driven for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure. Objective.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is provided with a columnar laminate formed by alternately laminating piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes, and on the side surface of the columnar laminate, and the internal electrodes are alternately electrically connected every other layer. A laminated piezoelectric element comprising a pair of external electrodes formed, and provided with protruding conductive terminals protruding from the side surfaces of the columnar stacked body at every other end of the internal electrode, and adjacent protrusions On the side surface of the columnar laminate between the electrode-like conductive terminals, a concave groove is formed with the inner electrode end exposed at the bottom and filled with a resin insulator inside, and the protruding conductive terminal is connected to the columnar laminate. Embedded in an external electrode formed by applying a conductive paste on the side surface of the body, and a glass region containing glass as a main component is a side surface of the base portion of the protruding conductive terminal and the side surface following the side surface characterized in that there I covering the side surface of the columnar laminate
[0008]
In the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, the projecting conductive terminal is provided at the end of the internal electrode, and this projecting conductive terminal is embedded in the external electrode. The external electrode is firmly bonded to the internal electrode, and even when operated continuously for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, the disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be suppressed, greatly improving durability. It can be improved. Conventionally, an external electrode is bonded to the end of the internal electrode, and the bonding area with the external electrode is small, the conductivity is low, and the connection reliability is low. Since the conductive terminal is embedded in the external electrode, the joint area between the protruding conductive terminal and the external electrode is large, the conductivity between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be improved, and the connection between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be improved. Connection reliability can also be improved.
Furthermore, a concave groove is formed on the side surface of the columnar laminate, and a resin insulator is filled in the concave groove, thereby ensuring insulation between the internal electrode and the external electrode, and a resin is provided in the concave groove. Since the insulator is filled, the resin insulator in the groove is deformed following the deformation of the columnar laminate, and no crack or the like is generated near the groove. Stress can also be reduced.
In the present invention, glass region mainly composed of glass, since there I covering the side surface of the columnar laminate following the side surface and the side surface of the root portion of the protruding conductive terminals, the glass area projection By holding the shaped conductive terminal, the strength of the protruding conductive terminal can be improved.
[0009]
Further, when the thickness of the glass region in the direction perpendicular to the side surface of the columnar laminate gradually decreases as the distance from the projecting conductive terminal increases, the surface of the glass region becomes a gently inclined surface. It is possible to prevent stress from being concentrated on a part of the region.
[0010]
Furthermore, it is preferable that the thickness in the stacking direction of the columnar stacked body in the concave groove is thicker on the bottom surface side of the concave groove than on the side surface side of the columnar stacked body.
[0011]
The multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is characterized in that the protruding conductive terminals are diffusion bonded to the end portions of the internal electrodes. In such a multilayer piezoelectric element, the protruding conductive terminal can be more firmly bonded to the end portion of the internal electrode.
[0012]
Furthermore, the multi-layer piezoelectric element of the present invention, the thickness of the internal electrode end to be connected protruding conductive terminals, preferably has a thickness Kuna' than the thickness of the internal electrode in the columnar laminate central portion. That is, the thickness of the internal electrode is preferably such that the end connected to the protruding conductive terminal is thicker than the central portion in the width direction of the internal electrode. According to such a configuration, the area of the joint portion between the internal electrode end portion and the protruding conductive terminal is widened, whereby the connection between the internal electrode and the protruding conductive terminal can be strengthened. Even when operated continuously for a long time under high pressure, disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be suppressed, and the durability can be greatly improved.
[0013]
An injection device of the present invention includes a storage container having an injection hole, the stacked piezoelectric element stored in the storage container, and a valve for ejecting liquid from the injection hole by driving the stacked piezoelectric element. To do.
[0014]
In such an injection device, as described above, the disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be suppressed in the multilayer piezoelectric element itself, and the durability can be greatly improved. Therefore, the durability of the injection device can also be improved.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1A and 1B show one embodiment of a multilayer piezoelectric element comprising a multilayer piezoelectric actuator of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a perspective view, and FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line AA 'in FIG. (C) is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the junction between the internal electrode and the external electrode.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 1, the multilayer piezoelectric actuator has a side surface of a quadrangular columnar laminated body 1 a in which a plurality of piezoelectric bodies 1 and internal electrodes 2 are alternately laminated. A protruding conductive terminal 5 is provided at the end of the internal electrode 2 that is covered with the resin insulator 3 and is not covered with the resin insulator 3, and the protruding conductive terminal 5 is connected to the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a. And embedded in an external electrode 4 formed by applying a conductive paste, and a lead wire 6 is connected and fixed to each external electrode 4.
[0017]
The piezoelectric body 1 is made of, for example, lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zr, Ti) O 3 (hereinafter abbreviated as PZT) or a piezoelectric ceramic material mainly composed of barium titanate BaTiO 3 . The piezoelectric ceramics are those piezoelectric strain constant d 33 indicating the piezoelectric characteristic is high is preferable.
[0018]
The thickness of the piezoelectric body 1, that is, the distance between the internal electrodes 2 is preferably 50 to 250 μm. In order to obtain a larger displacement amount by applying a voltage to the laminated piezoelectric actuator, a method of increasing the number of laminated layers is used. By adopting the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1 as described above, This is because a reduction in size and height can be achieved, and dielectric breakdown of the piezoelectric body 1 can be prevented.
[0019]
An internal electrode 2 is disposed between the piezoelectric bodies 1. The internal electrode 2 is formed of a metal material such as silver-palladium, for example, and a predetermined voltage is applied to each piezoelectric body 1 so as to be piezoelectric. It acts to cause the body 1 to be displaced by the inverse piezoelectric effect. If the internal electrode 2 is made of Cu, the electrode material cost can be reduced. In this case, as the piezoelectric body 1, it is necessary to use a reduction-resistant piezoelectric body 1 that does not deteriorate its piezoelectric characteristics even when fired in a reducing atmosphere.
[0020]
Further, a concave groove 11 having a depth of 30 to 500 μm and a width of 30 to 200 μm in the stacking direction is formed on the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a where the protruding conductive terminals 5 are formed, every two internal electrodes. The end of the internal electrode 2 is exposed on the bottom surface of the groove 11. The recess 11 is filled with an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamideimide resin, a silicone rubber or the like to form the resin insulator 3. The resin insulator 3 in the concave groove 11 preferably has a low Young's modulus, and is particularly preferably made of a silicone rubber having a low elastic modulus that follows the displacement of the columnar laminate 1a.
[0021]
The protruding conductive terminals 5 and the resin insulators 3 in the recessed grooves 11 are alternately formed at the end portions of the internal electrodes 2 exposed on the side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1a on which the external electrodes 4 are formed. .
[0022]
That is, the end portions of the internal electrodes 2 are alternately insulated by the resin insulator 3 filled in the concave grooves 11, and the other non-insulated end portions of the internal electrodes 2 are projecting conductive terminals. 5 is joined to an external electrode 4 formed by applying a conductive paste. The external electrode 4 includes a conductive agent and a matrix, and glass or resin is used as the matrix. For example, a conductive material mainly composed of silver and glass, or a conductive material mainly composed of silver and a polyimide resin can be used.
[0023]
The protruding conductive terminal 5 is diffusion bonded to the end of the internal electrode 2. That is, when the internal electrode 2 contains silver as a main component, contains palladium, and the protruding conductive terminal 5 has silver as a main component, the silver of the internal electrode 2 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 diffuses mutually. The palladium of the internal electrode 2 diffuses into the projecting conductive terminal 5, whereby the projecting conductive terminal 5 is diffusion bonded to the end of the internal electrode 2.
[0024]
The opposite side surfaces of the columnar laminated body 1a are formed by applying a conductive paste, and a conductive material mainly composed of silver and an external electrode 4 made of glass or resin as a matrix are joined to each other. Protruding conductive terminals 5 are embedded in the external electrodes 4, whereby the internal electrodes 2 are electrically connected to the external electrodes 4 every other layer. The external electrode 4 made of a conductive material mainly composed of silver and the balance being made of glass or resin as a matrix has a common voltage necessary for displacing the piezoelectric body 1 by the inverse piezoelectric effect to each connected internal electrode 2. Acts to supply.
[0025]
The conductive material of the external electrode 4 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 is mainly composed of silver, and is composed of a metal having conductivity such as nickel, copper, gold, and aluminum and alloys thereof. May be.
[0026]
The conductive material of the external electrode 4 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 are preferably silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component from the viewpoint of having oxidation resistance and a low Young's modulus.
[0027]
External electrodes 4 are formed by embedding projecting conductive terminals 5 on opposite side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1a, and the stacked internal electrodes 2 are electrically connected to each external electrode 4 every other layer. Connected. The external electrode 4 serves to commonly supply a voltage necessary for displacing the piezoelectric body 1 to each connected internal electrode 2 by the inverse piezoelectric effect.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 1C, the thickness B in the same direction as the stacking direction of the projecting conductive terminals 5 lowers the resistance of the connecting portion between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 and occurs when the actuator is driven. From the viewpoint of sufficiently absorbing the stress, it is desirable that the thickness is 1 μm or more and ½ or less of the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1. In particular, the thickness B is desirably 5 to 25 μm.
[0029]
In the present invention, the thickness of the end portion 2 a of the internal electrode 2 connected to the protruding conductive terminal 5 is larger than the thickness of the central portion 2 b of the internal electrode 2. The thickness of the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 connected to the protruding conductive terminal 5 is such that the connection between the internal electrode 2 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 is effectively strengthened. It is desirable that it is 1.3 times or more the thickness of 2b. The end 2a of the internal electrode 2 refers to an internal electrode in the vicinity of the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a.
[0030]
On the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a where the protruding conductive terminals 5 are formed, the concave grooves 11 are formed at the end portions of the internal electrodes 2 where the protruding conductive terminals 5 are not formed. Since the thickness of the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 connected to the conductive terminal 5 can be effectively increased, that is, in the process of forming the projecting conductive terminal 5 described later, the concave groove 11 is deformed. Since the opening width of the concave groove 11 on the external electrode 4 side is narrowed in the stacking direction, the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 to which the protruding conductive terminal 5 is connected can be made thick.
[0031]
Further, the concave groove 11 is connected to the protruding conductive terminal 5 by effectively deforming the concave groove 11 without impairing the strength of the piezoelectric body 1 and the internal electrode 2 that are convex between the concave grooves 11. In view of the fact that the thickness of the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 can be increased, it is desirable that the depth is 50 to 500 μm and the width in the stacking direction is 1/3 to 2/3 of the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1.
[0032]
A method for producing the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention will be described. First, the columnar laminate 1a is produced. A columnar laminate 1a formed by alternately laminating a plurality of piezoelectric bodies 1 and a plurality of internal electrodes 2 includes a calcined powder of piezoelectric ceramics such as PZT and a binder made of an organic polymer such as acrylic or butyral. , DBP (diethyl phthalate), DOP (dibutyl phthalate) and the like are mixed with a plasticizer to produce a slurry, and the slurry is bonded to the piezoelectric body 1 by a tape molding method such as a known doctor blade method or calendar roll method. A ceramic green sheet is produced.
[0033]
Next, a conductive paste is prepared by adding a binder, a plasticizer, and the like to silver-palladium powder, and this is printed on the upper surface of each green sheet to a thickness of 1 to 40 μm by screen printing or the like.
[0034]
And after laminating | stacking the green sheet by which the electrically conductive paste was printed on the upper surface and performing a binder removal about this laminated body at predetermined temperature, the columnar laminated body 1a is produced by baking at 900-1200 degreeC.
[0035]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2A, the concave grooves 11 are formed on every other side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a by a dicing apparatus or the like.
[0036]
Thereafter, 50 to 80% by volume of silver powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm is formed on the inner electrode 2 exposed on the side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1a between the concave grooves 11 and the surface of the piezoelectric body 1 in the vicinity of the inner electrode 2. A silver glass conductive paste 21 produced by adding a binder to a mixture of 20 to 50% by volume of a glass powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm and a softening point of 600 to 950 ° C. containing silicon as a main component, The glass in the silver glass conductive paste 21 is melted by coating, drying, and heat-treating at 700 to 950 ° C. as shown in 2 (b), and the silver component present in the melted glass is the internal electrode 2. As shown in FIG. 2 (c), the protruding conductive terminals 5 that are gathered at the ends and project from the side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1 a are formed, and the silver component in the silver glass conductive paste is Diffuse to the end 2a Accordingly, the thickness of the end portion 2a of the internal electrode 2 becomes thicker than the thickness of the central portion 2b of the internal electrode 2.
[0037]
Note that the glass 5 a in the silver glass conductive paste 21 gathers at the base of the protruding conductive terminal 5 and holds the protruding conductive terminal 5.
[0038]
In particular, in the present invention, the thickness of the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 can be made thicker than the thickness of the central portion 2b of the internal electrode 2 by applying and heat-treating the silver glass conductive paste 21 after forming the concave groove 11. . As described above, since the thickness of the end portion 2a of the internal electrode 2 is increased, the bonding strength with the protruding conductive terminal 5 formed at the tip thereof is increased. The thickness of the end portion 2a of the internal electrode 2 can be made larger than the thickness of the central portion 2b of the internal electrode 2 by forming the concave groove 11 after the heat treatment of the silver glass conductive paste 21 and performing the heat treatment again.
[0039]
The thickness ratio between the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 and the central portion 2b of the internal electrode 2 can be controlled by changing the heat treatment temperature and the silver content in the silver glass conductive paste 21.
[0040]
The protruding conductive terminal 5 is formed on a part of the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1 a, is formed in a rail shape, and its length is substantially the same as the width of the external electrode 4. The length of the protruding conductive terminal 5 may be shorter than the width of the external electrode 4.
[0041]
The silver component in the silver glass conductive paste 21 is 50 to 80% by volume, and the remaining glass powder is 20 to 50% by volume. Becomes an appropriate amount, and the protruding height h of the formed projecting conductive terminal 5 can be increased, and the glass component which is the remaining solid content in the silver glass conductive paste 21 becomes an appropriate amount. The glass component that melts at the time of baking 21 is also an appropriate amount, the silver component easily gathers at the end of the internal electrode 2, and the protruding height h of the protruding conductive terminal 5 can be increased.
[0042]
Thereafter, the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a on which the projecting conductive terminals 5 are formed, the openings of the concave grooves 11 are shielded between the projecting conductive terminals 5, and the silver glass conductive material described later in the concave grooves 11 is provided. For example, paper or the like is arranged to prevent the penetration of the conductive paste 4b. A binder is added to a mixture of 60 to 90% by volume of silver powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm, and 10 to 40% by volume of glass powder having a remainder of 0.1 to 10 μm and a softening point of 800 to 1000 ° C. As shown in FIG. 2 (d), the silver glass conductive paste 4b produced in this way is applied to the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a, dried, and baked at 500 to 700 ° C., whereby the silver and glass are dispersed. The external electrode 4 is formed with paste. Note that the shield made of paper disappears during baking.
[0043]
That is, the conductive paste 4b is baked by baking at a temperature below the temperature at which the glass component in the conductive paste 4b is softened as well as the glass in the silver glass conductive paste 21 on which the protruding conductive terminals 5 are formed. Then, a film of the conductive paste 4b covering the protruding conductive terminals 5 is formed, and the protruding conductive terminals 5 are connected to each other by the conductive paste 4b.
[0044]
After that, the columnar laminate 1a is immersed in a silicone rubber solution, and the vacuum insulation is used to fill the resin insulator 3 made of silicone rubber into the groove 11, and the lead wire 6 is connected to the external electrode 4 to connect the main body. The laminated piezoelectric element of the invention is completed.
[0045]
Then, by applying a direct current voltage of 0.1 to 3 kV / mm to the pair of external electrodes 4 via the lead wires 6 to polarize the columnar laminated body 1a, a laminated piezoelectric actuator as a product is completed, When the lead wire 6 is connected to an external voltage supply unit and a voltage is applied to the internal electrode 2 via the lead wire 6 and the external electrode 4, each piezoelectric body 1 is greatly displaced by the reverse piezoelectric effect, and for example, It functions as an automobile fuel injection valve that supplies fuel to the engine.
[0046]
In the present invention, a conductive auxiliary member may be formed on the external electrode 4. By providing a conductive auxiliary member on the external electrode 4, even when a large current is input to the actuator and driven at a high speed, a large current can flow through the conductive auxiliary member and the current flowing through the external electrode 4 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the external electrode 4 from causing local heat generation and disconnection, and the durability can be greatly improved.
[0047]
Note that the conductive auxiliary member follows the expansion and contraction of the actuator, prevents disconnection of the conductive auxiliary member during driving, and prevents the external electrode 4 from cracking. A metal plate is preferable, and the conductive auxiliary member may be embedded in the external electrode 4.
[0048]
Furthermore, since the external electrode 4 does not deteriorate even when driven at a high temperature, a material obtained by dispersing a conductive agent in a polyimide resin having high heat resistance can be used.
[0049]
The multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0050]
For example, in the above-described example, the example in which the external electrode 4 is formed on the opposite side surface of the columnar laminate 1a has been described. However, in the present invention, for example, the external electrode may be formed on the adjacent side surface.
[0051]
FIG. 3 shows an injection device according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a storage container. An injection hole 33 is provided at one end of the storage container 31, and a needle valve 35 that can open and close the injection hole 33 is stored in the storage container 31.
[0052]
A fuel passage 37 is provided in the injection hole 33 so as to be able to communicate. The fuel passage 37 is connected to an external fuel supply source, and fuel is always supplied to the fuel passage 37 at a constant high pressure. Therefore, when the needle valve 35 opens the injection hole 33, the fuel supplied to the fuel passage 37 is formed to be injected into a fuel chamber (not shown) of the internal combustion engine at a constant high pressure.
[0053]
Further, the upper end portion of the needle valve 35 has a large diameter, and serves as a piston 41 slidable with a cylinder 39 formed in the storage container 31. In the storage container 31, the piezoelectric actuator 43 described above is stored.
[0054]
In such an injection device, when the piezoelectric actuator 43 is extended by applying a voltage, the piston 41 is pressed, the needle valve 35 closes the injection hole 33, and the supply of fuel is stopped. When the application of voltage is stopped, the piezoelectric actuator 43 contracts, the disc spring 45 pushes back the piston 41, and the injection hole 33 communicates with the fuel passage 37 so that fuel is injected.
[0055]
【Example】
First, a columnar laminate was produced. The piezoelectric body was formed of PZT having a thickness of 150 μm, the internal electrode was formed of a silver-palladium alloy having a thickness of 3 μm, and the number of stacked piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes was 300 layers.
[0056]
Next, a groove having a depth of 150 μm and a width of 75 μm was formed by a dicing apparatus in the vicinity of the end portion of the internal electrode exposed on the external electrode formation surface, every other internal electrode. Thereafter, 60% by volume of silver powder having an average particle diameter of 5 μm and a softening point of 750 which has an average particle diameter of 5 μm and the main component of silicon are 750 on the inner electrode between the grooves and the surface of the piezoelectric body in the vicinity of the inner electrode. A silver glass conductive paste prepared by adding a binder to a mixture of 40% by volume of glass powder at 0 ° C. was applied and dried. Then, the protrusion-shaped conductive terminal which protrudes from the side surface of a columnar laminated body was formed by heat-processing at 900 degreeC in air | atmosphere.
[0057]
Next, after placing paper as a shield in the opening of the groove and preventing the silver glass conductive paste from entering the groove, the average grain is formed on the side surface of the columnar laminate on which the protruding conductive terminals are formed. A silver glass conductive paste prepared by adding a binder to a mixture of 85% by volume of silver powder having a diameter of 3 μm, 15% by volume of glass powder having a remaining particle diameter of 5 μm and a softening point of 850 ° C. was applied and dried, 650 By baking at a temperature of 0 ° C., an external electrode was formed from a conductive paste in which silver and glass were dispersed.
[0058]
Note that silver and palladium were dispersed in the protruding conductive terminals. At this time, the height h of the projecting conductive terminal is 20 μm on average, the thickness of the end 2a of the internal electrode 2 connected to the projecting conductive terminal is 5 μm, and the center of the columnar laminate is The thickness of the internal electrode 2 was 2 μm.
[0059]
Thereafter, the concave groove was filled by vacuuming silicone rubber as a resin insulator. Further, a lead wire is connected to the external electrode, and a polarization treatment is performed by applying a DC electric field of 3 kV / mm for 15 minutes to the positive electrode and the negative external electrode via the lead wire, and the laminated piezoelectric actuator as shown in FIG. Was made.
[0060]
As a result of applying a DC voltage of 150 V to the obtained multilayer piezoelectric actuator, a displacement of 40 μm was obtained in the stacking direction. Furthermore, as a result of applying a driving test by applying an AC voltage of 0 to +150 V at a frequency of 120 Hz to this actuator at a room temperature, a displacement of 40 μm was obtained when driving up to 1 × 10 9 cycles, and abnormalities in the external electrodes were observed. I couldn't see it.
[0061]
On the other hand, as a comparative example, one end portion of the internal electrode is alternately covered with an insulator made of glass, and the above-described silver glass conductive paste is applied thereon and heat-treated at 700 ° C. When the actuator shown in FIG. 4 that is electrically connected to the internal electrode every other layer on the left and right sides was manufactured and tested in the same manner as described above, sparks were generated in the external electrode in 1 × 10 5 cycles in the driving test.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
According to the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, the projecting conductive terminal is provided at the end of the internal electrode, and this projecting conductive terminal is embedded in the external electrode. The external electrode is firmly bonded to the internal electrode due to the anchor effect, and even when operated continuously for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, the disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be suppressed, and the durability is improved. Can greatly improve. Further, the bonding area between the projecting conductive terminal and the external electrode is large, the conductivity between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be improved, and the connection reliability between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be improved.
[0063]
Furthermore, a concave groove is formed on the side surface of the columnar laminate, and a resin insulator is filled in the concave groove, thereby ensuring insulation between the internal electrode and the external electrode, and a resin is provided in the concave groove. Since the insulator is filled, the resin insulator in the groove is deformed following the deformation of the columnar laminated body, and no crack or the like is generated near the groove. The holding glass region mainly composed of glass, since there I covering the side surface of the columnar laminate following the side surface and the side surface of the root portion of the protruding conductive terminals, the glass region of the protruding conductive terminal As a result, the strength of the protruding conductive terminal can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B show a laminated piezoelectric element of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 1A, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of.
FIG. 2 is a process diagram for explaining the production method of the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an injection device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional multilayer piezoelectric actuator.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Piezoelectric body 1a ... Columnar laminated body 2 ... Internal electrode 2a ... End 2b of internal electrode ... Central part 3 of internal electrode ... Resin insulator 4 ... External Electrode 5 ... Protruding conductive terminal 11 ... Groove 31 ... Storage container 33 ... Injection hole 35 ... Valve 43 ... Piezoelectric actuator

Claims (6)

圧電体と内部電極とを交互に積層してなる柱状積層体と、該柱状積層体の側面に設けられ、前記内部電極が一層おきに交互に電気的に接続された一対の外部電極とを具備してなる積層型圧電素子であって、
前記内部電極の端部に一層おきに前記柱状積層体の側面から突出する突起状導電性端子を設け、隣り合う突起状導電性端子間における前記柱状積層体の側面には、底面に内部電極端が露出し内部に樹脂製絶縁体が充填された凹溝が形成され、前記突起状導電性端子が、前記柱状積層体の側面に導電性ペーストを塗布して形成された外部電極中に埋設されており、
ガラスを主成分とするガラス領域が、前記突起状導電性端子の根元部の側面及び該側面に続く前記柱状積層体の側面を覆っていることを特徴とする積層型圧電素子。
Columnar laminates obtained by alternately laminating piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes, and a pair of external electrodes provided on the side surfaces of the columnar laminates, wherein the internal electrodes are alternately electrically connected every other layer. A laminated piezoelectric element comprising:
Protruding conductive terminals projecting from the side surfaces of the columnar laminate are provided at every other end of the internal electrode, and the side surfaces of the columnar laminate between adjacent projecting conductive terminals are connected to the inner electrode ends on the bottom surface. Is formed and a concave groove filled with a resin insulator is formed, and the protruding conductive terminal is embedded in an external electrode formed by applying a conductive paste on the side surface of the columnar laminate. And
Glass region mainly composed of glass, laminated piezoelectric elements, characterized in that there I covering the side surface of the columnar laminate following the side surface and the side surface of the root portion of the protruding conductive terminals.
前記ガラス領域は、前記柱状積層体の側面に垂直な方向の厚みが、前記突起状導電性端子から離隔するにつれて漸次減少していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の積層型圧電素子。  2. The multilayer piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the glass region in a direction perpendicular to a side surface of the columnar laminated body gradually decreases as the distance from the protruding conductive terminal is increased. 前記凹溝は、前記柱状積層体の積層方向の厚みが、前記柱状積層体の側面側よりも前記凹溝の底面側の方が厚いことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の積層型圧電素子。  3. The stacked piezoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein the concave groove has a thickness in the stacking direction of the columnar laminated body that is larger on a bottom surface side of the concave groove than on a side surface side of the columnar stacked body. element. 前記突起状導電性端子が、前記内部電極の端部に拡散接合していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。  4. The multilayer piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the projecting conductive terminal is diffusion bonded to the end of the internal electrode. 前記内部電極の厚みは、該内部電極の幅方向の中央部よりも前記突起状導電性端子に接続された前記端部の方が厚いことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。  5. The thickness of the internal electrode is such that the end portion connected to the protruding conductive terminal is thicker than the central portion in the width direction of the internal electrode. Multilayer piezoelectric element. 噴射孔を有する収納容器と、該収納容器内に収容された請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子と、該積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から液体を噴出させるバルブとを具備してなることを特徴とする噴射装置。  A storage container having an injection hole, the multilayer piezoelectric element accommodated in the storage container, and a valve for ejecting liquid from the injection hole by driving the multilayer piezoelectric element An injection device comprising:
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