JP3886596B2 - Manufacturing method of ribbed aluminum products - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of ribbed aluminum products Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3886596B2
JP3886596B2 JP09720397A JP9720397A JP3886596B2 JP 3886596 B2 JP3886596 B2 JP 3886596B2 JP 09720397 A JP09720397 A JP 09720397A JP 9720397 A JP9720397 A JP 9720397A JP 3886596 B2 JP3886596 B2 JP 3886596B2
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Prior art keywords
plate
rib
aluminum
pin
leg
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JPH10286682A (en
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正樹 熊谷
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Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1265Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds

Description

【0001】
【技術分野】
本発明は、リブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法に係り、特に、アルミニウム材料の板状部にアルミニウム製のリブを摩擦攪拌接合せしめて、かかる板状部の板面上に該リブを一体的に立設せしめてなる構造のリブ付きアルミニウム製品を製造する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【背景技術】
従来から、アルミニウム若しくはアルミニウム合金からなる所定形状のアルミニウム製品が、その優れた特性を利用して、各種の用途に用いられてきており、例えば、船舶や車両等の殻やフロアには、リブ付きのアルミニウム製品が使用されている。ところで、そのようなリブ付きアルミニウム製品は、一般に、押出等の手法にて形成されることとなるが、押出機等の装置の大きさには限度があるところから、アルミニウム製品としては、せいぜい、600mm幅のものが限界であり、それよりも大きな製品を得ることは困難であったのである。而して、近年における輸送機の軽量化や大型化が進むにつれて、広幅の製品が強く要求されるようになり、そのため、広幅の板状のアルミニウム材料を用意して、その板面の所定位置に、所定のリブ材を立設、配置せしめ、T字継手構造において、そのリブ材の配設部位を隅肉溶接(TIG、MIG等)せしめて、広幅のリブ付きアルミニウム製品と為すことが考えられたが、その溶接による歪みが大きく、そのような歪みの修正に、多大な手間と時間を要するという問題があった。
【0003】
要するに、アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金の、TIG、MIG等による溶接にあっては、その熱膨張係数が大きいことから、大きな歪みが発生し、それが溶接製品に内在することとなるのであり、また、溶融物が大気中の酸素と反応して生じる酸化皮膜が強固でもあるところから、シールドガスとしての不活性ガスの使用が不可欠とされているのである。そのような状況下、アルミニウムの溶接現場では、実際に、歪みや酸化皮膜の発生を防止し、或いはそれらを除去するために、不活性ガスを用いると共に、多大な工数と熟練技能が必要とされているのである。そのため、車両や船舶等の組立工程を出来るだけ楽にする上においても、アルミニウム製品は、素材の段階にて、出来るだけ大きくすることが望ましいのであったが、前述せるように、今までの押出等の製作手法においては、アルミニウム製品の大型化には、限界があったのである。
【0004】
なお、かかる従来の不活性ガスを用いたアーク溶接手法に代わる、アルミニウム若しくはアルミニウム合金の他の接合方法としては、摩擦圧接法、レーザー溶接法、機械的接合法、接着法等があるが、その施工性や信頼性の面から、或いは装置コストが高い等の理由から、それらが適用され得る分野が制限されているのが現状である。中でも、摩擦圧接は、古くから利用されている技術であって、接合する材料を相対的に高速回転させて擦り合わせ、発生する摩擦熱で接合部が融点に達した時点で、押し付けて回転を止める方法であり、バットのグリップの接合等において、実用化されている。しかしながら、そのような摩擦圧接法も、材料の形状が丸棒やパイプに限られており、アルミニウム材料のT字継手構造における接合には、利用され難いものであった。
【0005】
ところで、最近、上述の摩擦圧接法と同様に、摩擦熱を利用して板を突合せ接合する方法が、米国特許第5460317号明細書や特表平7−505090号公報等において明らかにされている。即ち、図1に示される如く、接合されるべき2枚の板材2a、2bよりも硬い材質のピン4を先端中心部に設けてなるロッド状の回転治具6を用い、この回転治具6を高速回転せしめつつ、その先端のピン4を、2枚の板材2a、2bの突合せ部8部位に差し込み、相対的に該突合せ部8に沿って移動せしめることにより、それら回転せしめられるピン4や回転治具6と板材2a、2bとの間に、摩擦熱を発生せしめ、そしてその摩擦熱にて、突合せ部8の周辺部位を塑性加工可能な状態と為し、更にピン4の高速回転による攪拌作用にて板材2a、2bの突合せ部位(8)の組織を入り交わらせ、以て溶融せしめることなく、2枚の板材2a、2bを接合せしめる、所謂摩擦攪拌接合 (Friction Stir Welding)なる方法である。
【0006】
このような摩擦攪拌接合手法によれば、従来の溶接手法とは異なり、溶加材やシールドガス、開先加工が不要となるのであり、また、酸化皮膜の除去も不要であると共に、溶融接合ではなく、固相接合と考えられるものであるところから、接合部、更にはその周りの組織変化が少なく、低歪みである特徴を有し、このため、歪みの修正作業も必要でない等の利点を有している。
【0007】
しかしながら、この摩擦攪拌接合手法にて、アルミニウム材料の板状部に対して、リブ材を、T字継手構造において隅肉溶接することは、回転治具の移動方向における接合部後方で、表面に流動するアルミニウムを押さえることが、構造上において困難であるところから、そのような隅肉溶接操作は、未だ、実現されてはいないのである。
【0008】
このため、かかる摩擦攪拌接合手法にて、T字継手の接合を行なう際には、リブ材をアルミニウム材料の板状部の一方の側に配置すると共に、板状部の他方の側から回転治具のピンを差し込み、重ね接合する手法の採用が考えられ、これによって、所定のリブ材がアルミニウム材料の板状部の任意の位置に立設して設けられることとなり、押出による場合のように、高価なダイス工具を新たに作製することなく、所定のリブ付きアルミニウム製品を得ることが出来、また、隅肉溶接によりリブ材を接合する場合に比べ、熟練技術や多大な工数を要する歪み補修が不要であって、接合部の組織変化や軟化が少ない等の利点を享受することが出来るものの、板状部とリブ材との接合面に、融合不良等が発生し易く、健全な接合部を得難いことに加えて、材料の寸法精度や拘束状態にバラツキがある場合、接合面の凹凸やトンネル状の融合不良等により、静的及び疲労強度に影響を及ぼすことが懸念されるのである。しかも、従来のアーク溶接(TIG、MIG)では、通常、溶加材が用いられるために、T字の隅肉溶接では、同じ板厚の素材であっても、接合部に余盛が形成されることによって、ある程度の脚長が得られ、そして、この脚長によって接合部の強度が補償されているのであるが、摩擦攪拌接合による場合にあっては、そのような溶加材が用いられるものではないところから、接合部には、有効な余盛が形成されず、そのために、接合部の強度が充分でないという問題も内在しているのである。
【0009】
【解決課題】
ここにおいて、本発明は、かかる事情を背景にして為されたものであって、その解決課題とするところは、上述の如き摩擦攪拌接合手法を利用して、接合部の欠陥がなく、且つ強度に優れたT字継手構造のリブ付きアルミニウム製品を、有利に製造する方法を提供することにあり、また他の課題とするところは、リブが板状部の任意の位置に設けられ、押出による場合の如く、高価なダイス工具を新たに作製することなく、また隅肉溶接にて、リブを接合する場合に比べ、熟練技術や多大な工数を要する歪み補修が不要で、接合部の組織変化や軟化が少ない、リブ付きアルミニウム製品を製造し得る方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【解決手段】
そして、本発明は、かくの如き課題を解決するために、アルミニウム材料の板状部の板面上に、該板面に沿って一方向に延びるアルミニウム製のリブを立設、配置せしめる一方、かかるリブの配置部位に対応する該板状部の裏面側部位に対して、ロッド状の回転治具の先端に同心的に設けたピンを、該回転治具と共に回転させつつ、前記リブに達するように差し込み、相対的に移動させることにより、それらリブと板状部とを摩擦攪拌接合せしめて、該板状部の板面上に該リブが立設して接合されてなる構造のリブ付きアルミニウム製品を製造するに際して、前記リブの前記板状部に接合せしめられる側の脚部を、該板状部の板面に対して30度〜80度の角度を為すように傾斜した末広がり形状に構成すると共に、該リブの末広がり形状の脚部の先端部の幅:L、該末広がり形状の脚部の先端部と前記ピンとの間の間隔:W、前記リブへのピン突入深さ:h、及び前記板状部の板厚:tが、次の関係式:
0.1mm≦W≦2.0mm
W≦0.25L
0.1mm≦h≦2t
を満足するようにして、前記摩擦攪拌接合を行なうことを特徴とするリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法を、その要旨とするものである。
【0011】
すなわち、このような本発明に従うリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法によれば、摩擦攪拌接合手法にて、アルミニウム材料の接合を行なうものであるところから、従来のアーク溶接手法とは異なり、溶加材やシールドガス、開先加工が全く不要となるばかりでなく、酸化皮膜の除去作業も不要となることは勿論、歪みの小さなT字継手構造の製品が得られ、以て歪みの修正等の作業も全く必要でなくなったのであり、しかも、アルミニウム材料の板状部に対して摩擦攪拌接合せしめられるアルミニウム製のリブの接合側の端部が、所定の角度をもって傾斜した末広がり形状の脚部とされているところから、接合の後においては、そのような末広がり形状部が、そのまま、従来の如き脚長部(余盛)として機能することとなるのであり、それによって、接合部の強度が有利に確保され得ることとなるのである。
【0012】
また、かかる本発明に従う製造法においては、回転治具の先端に設けられたピンの先端部周辺の塑性流動の状態を考慮して、接合部の形状に適したピンとリブにおける末広がり形状の脚部との関係や、リブへのピン突入深さの関係等が設定されているところから、アルミニウム材料の板状部とリブとの接合面に融合不良等が発生することが効果的に抑制乃至は回避され、以て健全な接合部が実現され得たのであり、更に、材料の寸法精度や拘束状態にバラツキがある場合にあっても、トンネル状の融合不良等が惹起されることが効果的に阻止され得るものであり、以て静的及び疲労強度に影響を及ぼすような懸念も、全く解消されるに至ったのである。
【0013】
なお、本発明に従ってリブ付きアルミニウム製品を製造するに際しては、それを与えるアルミニウム材料やリブとして、熱処理型合金または加工硬化材からなるものが、有利に用いられることとなる。摩擦攪拌接合のために、被接合材の組織変化が少なく、従って熱処理型合金材や加工硬化材の材質変化を少なくして、特性に優れたT字継手構造の製品を得ることが出来ることとなるからである。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
ところで、かかる本発明に従うリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法において、そのようなリブ付きアルミニウム製品を与えるアルミニウム材料やアルミニウム製のリブとしては、通常のアルミニウム若しくはアルミニウム合金からなる、一定の形状を有する材料であれば、如何なるものをも用いることが出来、公知の各種の手法にて製作された各種の形状のものが適宜に組み合わされて、目的とするリブ付きアルミニウム製品とされることとなるが、一般には、一定の形状が要求されるリブとしては、押出形材が有利に用いられる一方、そのようなリブが接合されるアルミニウム材料としては、かかるリブと同様に、押出形材が用いられる他、通常の板製造工程において得られるアルミニウム板材も、有利に用いられることとなる。なお、本発明においては、接合部の組織変化(材質変化)が少なく、且つ強度維持が有効に為され得るところから、Al−Cu−Mg系(2000系)、Al−Mg−Si系(6000系)、Al−Zn−Mg系(7000系)の熱処理型合金や加工硬化材からなるアルミニウム材料やリブを用いたリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造に、本発明が有利に適用されることとなる。
【0015】
そして、そのようなアルミニウム材料とリブとを組み合わせて、摩擦攪拌接合にて、目的とするリブ付きアルミニウム製品を得るために、本発明にあっては、図2に示される如く、所定のアルミニウム材料12とリブ材14とを用い、かかるアルミニウム材料12の板状部12aの一方の板面上に、該板面に沿って一方向に延びるように、リブ材14を当接させた状態下において立設、配置せしめて、それらを位置固定的に拘束、保持する一方、かかるリブ材14の配置部位に対応する板状部12aの反対側(裏面側)部位に対して、ロッド状の回転治具16の先端に同心的に設けたピン18を、回転治具16と共に高速回転させつつ差し込み、板状部12aを貫通させて、リブ材14の脚部に達するように為し、そしてリブ材14の配置方向(図2において紙面に垂直な方向)に相対的に移動せしめることにより、それら板状部12aとリブ材14とを摩擦攪拌接合せしめるのである。
【0016】
しかも、本発明にあっては、かくの如き摩擦攪拌接合操作に際して、リブ材14の脚部14a、換言すれば前記板状部12aの一方の側に接合せしめられる端部を、かかる板状部12aの板面に対して30度〜80度の角度(θ)を為すように傾斜した末広がり形状に構成すると共に、ピン18を差し込んで摩擦攪拌接合を行なう状態下において、図3に示される如く、リブ材14の末広がり形状の脚部14aの先端部の幅:Lと、かかる末広がり形状の脚部14aの先端部とピン18との間の間隔:Wと、リブ材14(具体的には脚部14a)へのピン18突入深さ:hと、板状部12aの板厚:tとが、次の関係式:0.1mm≦W≦2.0mm、W≦0.25L、及び0.1mm≦h≦2tを満足するようにして、摩擦攪拌接合を進行せしめるようにしたのである。
【0017】
このように、リブ材14の脚部14aを所定の末広がり形状と為すことによって、そのような脚部14aにおいて、アルミニウム材料12の板状部12aに摩擦攪拌接合されると、あたかも、従来の隅肉溶接における脚長部(余盛)が形成された場合と同様な形態となるのであり、これによって、接合部の強度が有利に確保されるのであり、また前記したW、L及びhの規定により、ピン18の先端部周辺の塑性流動が効果的に為され得ることとなることによって、板状部12aとリブ材14との接合面における融合不良等の発生が有利に回避され、健全な接合部を形成することが出来、更には板状部12aやリブ材14の寸法精度や拘束状態にバラツキがあっても、トンネル状の融合不良等の問題を惹起することがなく、以て静的及び疲労強度が影響を受けるようなことも、有利に回避され得るのである。
【0018】
なお、かかるリブ材14の脚部14aの末広がり形状において、その傾斜面12aの板面との為す角度:θが30度未満となると、ピン18の径を太くする必要が生じ、それによって接合時の負荷が大きくなる問題があり、一方、80度を越えるようになると、脚長が小さくなり、同じ板厚の素材をT字接合する場合に比べて、強度改善の効果が充分でない問題がある。また、脚部14aの末広がり形状の先端部とピン18との間の間隔:Wに関しても、それが、0.1mm未満となると、摩擦攪拌接合操作時にアルミニウム材料12やリブ材14を拘束する拘束治具に、かかる摩擦攪拌接合操作にて攪拌流動せしめられるアルミニウム金属(合金をも含む)が粘着して、接合後、外れ難い問題があり、一方、2.0mmを越えたり、或いは0.25Lよりも大きくなったりすると、接合面端部に融合不良等の欠陥が惹起される問題がある。更に、リブ材14(脚部14a)へのピン18の突入深さ:hに関しても、それが、0.1mm未満では、接合部がリブ材14側において充分に形成され得ず、従って接合強度が低くなる問題があり、一方、2tよりも深くなると、接合強度が飽和するようになると共に、いたずらに接合時の負荷を増大させるだけである。なお、板状部12aの板厚:tとしては、一般に、1〜15mm程度とされる。
【0019】
かくして、かくの如き本発明手法によれば、所定のアルミニウム材料12における板状部12aの任意の板面位置に、所定の脚部14aを設けてなるリブ材14を立設配置せしめ、それらを位置固定に拘束せしめた状態下において、ロッド状回転治具16を高速回転せしめつつ、その先端に設けられたピン18を、図2や図3に示される如く、リブ材14の配設側とは反対側の板状部12aから差し込み(突き刺し)、そしてリブ材14の延びる方向(図2、3において、紙面に垂直な方向)に相対的に移動せしめることにより、そのようなピン18、更には回転治具16の下部、所謂肩部(ショルダー部)との接触面において摩擦熱を発生させ、以てその周囲を可塑化せしめ、更にピン18の高速回転に伴う攪拌作用にて、板状部12aと脚部14aの組織を互いに入り混じり合わせ、以て健全な接合部が形成されることとなるのである。
【0020】
このように、アルミニウム材料12に対してリブ材14を組み合わせて摩擦攪拌接合せしめ、目的とするリブ付きアルミニウム製品とすることによって、任意の位置にリブが立設せしめられてなるアルミニウム製品を容易に得ることが出来るのであり、また、歪みのない、若しくは歪みの少ない、そして組織変化の少ない、接合強度に優れたリブ付きアルミニウム製品が実現され得ることとなったのであり、更には摩擦攪拌接合の採用によって、従来の溶接法の如き溶加材やシールドガスが必要でなくなり、また開先加工や酸化皮膜の除去も不要となった他、歪みの修正作業も全く必要でない等の特徴を発揮するのである。
【0021】
なお、本発明に従う摩擦攪拌接合操作において用いられるピン18やロッド状の回転治具16の少なくとも下部は、従来と同様に、アルミニウム材料12やリブ材14に高速回転下に接触せしめられても、殆ど損耗することのない材質からなる非消費型の部材とされているのであり、また、そのような回転治具16の高速回転は、公知の各種の回転駆動装置を用いて実現されることとなる。
【0022】
また、例示の具体例では、アルミニウム材料12として、リブ付きアルミニウム製品におけるT字継手構造を為す板状部12a部分のみが例示されているが、その他の部分は良く知られているように、各種の形状において構成され得るものであり、リブの立設され得る板状部を有する限りにおいて、各種形状のアルミニウム材料を用いることが出来る。また、そのようなリブの立設される板状部を、二つのアルミニウム材料を突き合わせて構成することも可能であり、その場合には、二つのアルミニウム材料の突き合わせ接合と同時に、その接合部にリブを立設、接合せしめることが可能である。更に、そのようなリブを与えるリブ材14の形状にあっても、その脚部14aの構成が、本発明の条件を満たす限りにおいて、リブ材14の接合されない他端側の端部たる頭部の形状については、何等の限定もなく、各種形状のリブ材を用いることが出来る。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の代表的な実施例を示し、本発明を更に具体的に明らかにすることとするが、本発明が、そのような実施例の記載によって、何等の制約をも受けるものでないことは、言うまでもないところである。また、本発明には、以下の実施例の他にも、更には上記した具体的構成以外にも、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて、当業者の知識に基づいて種々なる変更、修正、改良等を加え得るものであることが、理解されるべきである。
【0024】
先ず、下記表1、2に示される如き各種板厚(t)を有する、幅:1200mm、長さ:2000mmのアルミニウム(6N01−T5)板材(12)を準備すると共に、下記表1、2に示される如き脚部先端部幅(L)及び脚部先端部の傾斜角度(θ)にて規定される各種末広がり形状の脚部(14a)を有するリブ材(14)を準備した。
【0025】
次いで、そのようなアルミニウム板材(12)とリブ材(14)とを種々組み合わせて、図2に示される如くT字型に組み付け、それらを拘束した状態下において、下記表1、2に示されるピン(18)の長さ(X)、ピン径(d)、回転治具径(肩部径)(D)、脚部先端とピンとの間隔(W)、接合時のピンの深さ(h)なる条件を満足するようにして、回転治具(16)を高速回転せしめつつ、かかる回転治具の先端部に設けたピン(18)を、図3に示されるように、リブ材(14)の立設、配置部位に対応するアルミニウム板材(12)の裏面側部位に対して差し込み、そしてリブ材(14)の立設方向に沿って移動せしめることにより、摩擦攪拌接合を行なった。なお、この摩擦攪拌接合操作において、回転数:1500rpm、接合速度:500mm/分の条件を採用した。
【0026】
かくして得られた各種のリブ付きアルミニウム製品について、その接合部の断面組織を観察し、その結果を、下記表1、2に併せて示した。また、比較のために、通常のMIG溶接を行なって得られた接合材の接合部についても、同様に評価して、その結果も、下記表2に示した。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0003886596
【0028】
【表2】
Figure 0003886596
【0029】
かかる表1、2の結果から明らかな如く、実施例1〜4に示される、本発明に従って得られるリブ付きアルミニウム製品にあっては、何れも、その断面組織に何等の欠陥も見出されず、健全な接合部が形成されていることを認めたが、比較例1〜5に示される、脚部先端部の傾斜角度(θ)や脚部先端とピンとの間隔(W)、接合時のピン深さ(h)が本発明の規定範囲から外れた条件下で、摩擦攪拌接合して得られたリブ付きアルミニウム製品にあっては、何れも、その接合部に欠陥が認められ、またMIG溶接にて得られたリブ付きアルミニウム製品にあっては、著しい歪みが内在していることが認められた。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明に従うリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法によれば、歪みのない若しくは歪みの少ない、且つ組織変化の少ない、健全な接合部を有するリブ付きアルミニウム製品を、従来の溶接手法とは異なり、溶加材やシールドガス、更には開先加工や酸化皮膜の除去工程等を必要とすることなく、容易に得ることが出来ることとなったのであり、また、リブが板状部の任意の位置に取り付けられ、且つ押出による場合のように高価なダイス工具を新たに準備する必要もなくなり、更には、接合部の欠陥がなく、従来のMIG溶接のような歪みのない、接合強度に優れたT字継手構造のリブ付きアルミニウム製品を有利に実現し得たのであって、そこに、本発明の大きな技術的意義が存するのである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】従来の摩擦攪拌接合方法を示す説明図である。
【図2】本発明に従う摩擦攪拌接合操作における接合材料と回転治具との配置関係を示す説明図である。
【図3】本発明に従うリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法における摩擦攪拌接合形態を示す断面説明図である。
【符号の説明】
12 アルミニウム材料
12a 板状部
14 リブ
14a 脚部
16 回転治具
18 ピン[0001]
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of an aluminum product with ribs, and in particular, an aluminum rib is friction stir welded to a plate-shaped portion of an aluminum material, and the rib is integrally raised on a plate surface of the plate-shaped portion. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ribbed aluminum product having a structure.
[0002]
[Background]
Conventionally, aluminum products of a predetermined shape made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy have been used for various applications by utilizing their excellent characteristics. For example, shells and floors of ships and vehicles have ribs. Aluminum products are used. By the way, such an aluminum product with ribs is generally formed by a technique such as extrusion, but since the size of an apparatus such as an extruder is limited, as an aluminum product, at most, The 600 mm width was the limit, and it was difficult to obtain a larger product. Thus, with the recent progress in weight reduction and size increase of transport aircraft, a wide product has been strongly demanded. Therefore, a wide plate-like aluminum material is prepared and a predetermined position on the plate surface is prepared. In addition, a predetermined rib material is erected and arranged, and in the T-joint structure, the rib material is disposed at the fillet weld (TIG, MIG, etc.) to make a wide ribbed aluminum product. However, there is a problem that distortion due to the welding is large, and it takes a lot of labor and time to correct such distortion.
[0003]
In short, in welding of aluminum or aluminum alloy by TIG, MIG, etc., the thermal expansion coefficient is large, so a large distortion occurs and it is inherent in the welded product. The use of an inert gas as a shielding gas is indispensable because the oxide film produced by the reaction of substances with oxygen in the atmosphere is also strong. Under such circumstances, at the welding site of aluminum, in order to prevent or eliminate the occurrence of distortion and oxide film, an inert gas is used, and a great deal of man-hours and skilled skills are required. -ing Therefore, in order to make the assembly process of vehicles and ships as easy as possible, it was desirable to make aluminum products as large as possible at the material stage. However, there was a limit to increasing the size of aluminum products.
[0004]
In addition to the conventional arc welding method using an inert gas, other joining methods of aluminum or aluminum alloy include a friction welding method, a laser welding method, a mechanical joining method, and an adhesion method. From the viewpoint of workability and reliability, or due to the high cost of equipment, the field where these can be applied is currently limited. In particular, friction welding is a technique that has been used for a long time, and the materials to be joined are rotated at a relatively high speed and rubbed together, and when the joint reaches the melting point due to the generated frictional heat, it is pressed and rotated. This is a method of stopping, and has been put to practical use in joining the grip of the bat. However, such a friction welding method is also limited in the shape of the material to round bars and pipes, and is difficult to use for joining in a T-joint structure of an aluminum material.
[0005]
By the way, recently, as in the above-described friction welding method, a method of butt-joining plates using frictional heat has been clarified in US Pat. No. 5,460,317 and JP 7-505090 A. . That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a rod-shaped rotating jig 6 in which a pin 4 made of a material harder than the two plates 2a and 2b to be joined is provided at the center of the tip is used. The pin 4 at the tip thereof is inserted into the abutting portion 8 portion of the two plate members 2a and 2b and moved relatively along the abutting portion 8 while rotating the pin 4 or the like. Friction heat is generated between the rotating jig 6 and the plate materials 2a and 2b, and the peripheral portion of the butting portion 8 is made into a state where plastic processing is possible by the friction heat, and further, by the high speed rotation of the pin 4 A method called Friction Stir Welding in which the two plate members 2a and 2b are joined without causing the structure of the butted portions (8) of the plate members 2a and 2b to enter and cross each other by the stirring action. It is.
[0006]
According to such a friction stir welding method, unlike the conventional welding method, the filler material, shield gas, and groove processing are not required, and the removal of the oxide film is not required. Rather than being considered as solid phase bonding, it has the characteristics that the joint and the surrounding structure have few changes in the structure and have low distortion, and therefore, there is no need for distortion correction work, etc. have.
[0007]
However, with this friction stir welding method, rib-welding a rib material to a plate-like portion of an aluminum material in a T-shaped joint structure is performed on the surface behind the joint in the moving direction of the rotating jig. Such a fillet welding operation has not yet been realized because it is difficult to hold down flowing aluminum in terms of structure.
[0008]
For this reason, when joining the T-shaped joint by this friction stir welding method, the rib material is disposed on one side of the plate-like portion of the aluminum material, and rotation is controlled from the other side of the plate-like portion. It is conceivable to adopt a method of inserting and pin-joining the tool pins, whereby a predetermined rib material is erected at an arbitrary position of the plate-like portion of the aluminum material, as in the case of extrusion. This makes it possible to obtain a predetermined aluminum product with ribs without newly creating an expensive die tool, and strain repair that requires a lot of skill and manpower compared to joining rib materials by fillet welding. Is not necessary and can enjoy the advantages such as less structural change and softening of the joint part, but the joint surface between the plate-like part and the rib material is liable to cause poor fusion and a healthy joint part. In addition to difficult to obtain Te, when there is a variation in dimensional accuracy and constrained state of the material, due to irregularities or tunnel-like incomplete fusion or the like of the bonding surface, is the it is concerned affecting the static and fatigue strength. Moreover, in conventional arc welding (TIG, MIG), since a filler metal is usually used, even in the case of a T-shaped fillet weld, even if the material has the same thickness, a surplus is formed at the joint. Therefore, a certain leg length is obtained, and the strength of the joint is compensated by this leg length. However, in the case of friction stir welding, such a filler material is not used. Therefore, there is a problem that an effective surplus is not formed in the joint, and therefore the strength of the joint is not sufficient.
[0009]
[Solution]
Here, the present invention has been made in the background of such circumstances, and the problem to be solved is that the friction stir welding method as described above is used, there is no defect in the joint portion, and the strength. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a ribbed aluminum product having an excellent T-joint structure with excellent ribs. Another object is to provide ribs at any position of the plate-like portion, and by extrusion. Compared to the case where ribs are joined by fillet welding without newly creating an expensive die tool as in the case, there is no need for skill repair and strain repair that requires a large number of man-hours, and the structure of the joint is changed. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a ribbed aluminum product with little softening.
[0010]
[Solution]
And, in order to solve the problems as described above, the present invention is configured such that an aluminum rib extending in one direction along the plate surface is erected and disposed on the plate surface of the plate-like portion of the aluminum material. A pin provided concentrically at the tip of the rod-shaped rotating jig with respect to the rear surface side portion of the plate-like portion corresponding to the arrangement portion of the rib reaches the rib while rotating together with the rotating jig. The ribs and the plate-like portion are friction stir-joined by being inserted and moved relative to each other, and the rib is constructed so that the ribs are erected and joined on the plate surface of the plate-like portion. When manufacturing an aluminum product, the leg portion of the rib that is to be joined to the plate-like portion has a divergent shape inclined at an angle of 30 to 80 degrees with respect to the plate surface of the plate-like portion. And the rib shape of the end of the rib The width of the tip of the part: L, the distance between the tip of the diverging leg part and the pin: W, the depth of pin penetration into the rib: h, and the thickness of the plate-like part: t And the following relation:
0.1mm ≦ W ≦ 2.0mm
W ≦ 0.25L
0.1mm ≦ h ≦ 2t
The gist of the manufacturing method of the ribbed aluminum product is characterized in that the friction stir welding is performed so as to satisfy the above.
[0011]
That is, according to the manufacturing method of the ribbed aluminum product according to the present invention, since the aluminum material is joined by the friction stir welding method, the filler material is different from the conventional arc welding method. In addition to eliminating the need for oxide gas, shielding gas, and groove processing, the removal of the oxide film is not required, and a product with a T-joint structure with low distortion can be obtained. In addition, the end of the joining side of the aluminum rib that is friction stir welded to the plate-like portion of the aluminum material is a divergent leg portion inclined at a predetermined angle. Therefore, after joining, such a divergent shape portion functions as it is as a conventional leg length portion (excess). Therefore, it is to be the strength of the joint portion may be advantageously assured.
[0012]
Further, in the manufacturing method according to the present invention, in consideration of the state of plastic flow around the tip of the pin provided at the tip of the rotating jig, the pin and the leg-shaped leg portion suitable for the shape of the joint are formed. And the relationship of the pin penetration depth into the rib, etc. are set, so it is possible to effectively suppress or prevent the occurrence of poor fusion at the joint surface between the plate-like portion of the aluminum material and the rib. It was avoided that a sound joint could be realized, and it was also effective to cause a tunnel-like fusion failure, etc., even when there were variations in the dimensional accuracy and restraint of the material. Therefore, concerns that affect static and fatigue strength have been completely eliminated.
[0013]
When manufacturing an aluminum product with ribs in accordance with the present invention, an aluminum material or a rib that provides it is advantageously made of a heat-treatable alloy or work hardening material. Because of friction stir welding, there is little change in the structure of the materials to be joined, and therefore there is little change in the material of heat-treatable alloy materials and work-hardening materials, and a product with a T-joint structure with excellent characteristics can be obtained. Because it becomes.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
By the way, in the manufacturing method of the ribbed aluminum product according to the present invention, the aluminum material or the aluminum rib which gives such a ribbed aluminum product is a material having a certain shape made of ordinary aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Any one can be used, and various shapes manufactured by various known methods are appropriately combined to obtain the desired ribbed aluminum product. As for the rib that requires a certain shape, an extruded profile is advantageously used, while as the aluminum material to which such a rib is joined, an extruded profile is used in the same manner as the rib. An aluminum plate material obtained in a normal plate manufacturing process is also advantageously used. In the present invention, since the structure change (material change) of the joint portion is small and the strength can be effectively maintained, the Al—Cu—Mg system (2000 series) and the Al—Mg—Si series (6000). The present invention is advantageously applied to the production of ribbed aluminum products using aluminum materials and ribs made of heat-treatable alloys of Al-Zn-Mg (7000 series) and work-hardening materials.
[0015]
And in order to obtain the target rib-attached aluminum product by friction stir welding by combining such an aluminum material and rib, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 12 and the rib member 14, and the rib member 14 is brought into contact with one plate surface of the plate-like portion 12a of the aluminum material 12 so as to extend in one direction along the plate surface. While standing and arranging and restraining and holding them in a fixed manner, the rod-shaped rotation control is performed on the opposite side (back side) portion of the plate-like portion 12a corresponding to the arrangement portion of the rib member 14. A pin 18 concentrically provided at the tip of the tool 16 is inserted while rotating at high speed together with the rotating jig 16 so as to pass through the plate-like portion 12a and reach the leg portion of the rib material 14, and the rib material. How to arrange 14 By relatively moving (in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 2) is the allowed to friction stir welding and these plate-like portion 12a and the rib member 14.
[0016]
In addition, in the present invention, in the friction stir welding operation as described above, the leg portion 14a of the rib member 14, in other words, the end portion joined to one side of the plate-like portion 12a is connected to the plate-like portion. As shown in FIG. 3, in a state in which the pin 12 is inserted and the friction stir welding is performed while the pin 18 is inserted and configured so as to have an angle (θ) of 30 ° to 80 ° with respect to the plate surface 12a. , The width of the distal end portion of the leg-shaped leg portion 14a of the rib member 14 is L, the interval between the distal end portion of the leg-shaped leg portion 14a and the pin 18 is W, and the rib member 14 (specifically, The depth of penetration of the pin 18 into the leg part 14a): h and the thickness of the plate-like part 12a: t are the following relational expressions: 0.1 mm ≦ W ≦ 2.0 mm, W ≦ 0.25 L, and 0 .Improve friction stir welding so as to satisfy 1 mm ≦ h ≦ 2t Than it was to occupy.
[0017]
As described above, when the leg portion 14a of the rib member 14 has a predetermined divergent shape, when such a leg portion 14a is friction stir welded to the plate-like portion 12a of the aluminum material 12, it is as if a conventional corner. It becomes the same form as the case where the leg long part (additional embossment) is formed in the meat welding, and thereby, the strength of the joint is advantageously ensured, and the above-mentioned provisions of W, L and h Since the plastic flow around the tip end portion of the pin 18 can be effectively performed, the occurrence of poor fusion or the like at the joining surface between the plate-like portion 12a and the rib member 14 is advantageously avoided, and sound joining is achieved. Can be formed, and even if the dimensional accuracy and restraint state of the plate-like portion 12a and the rib member 14 vary, problems such as a tunnel-like fusion failure do not occur, and static And fatigue It degree that is affected is also as it can be advantageously avoided.
[0018]
In addition, in the divergent shape of the leg portion 14a of the rib member 14, when the angle θ between the inclined surface 12a and the plate surface: θ is less than 30 degrees, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pin 18 and thereby at the time of joining. On the other hand, when it exceeds 80 degrees, the leg length becomes small, and there is a problem that the effect of improving the strength is not sufficient as compared with the case where the same plate thickness material is T-joined. In addition, regarding the distance W between the distal end portion of the leg portion 14a and the pin 18 and the pin 18, if the distance is less than 0.1 mm, the aluminum material 12 and the rib material 14 are restrained during the friction stir welding operation. There is a problem that aluminum metal (including an alloy) that is stirred and fluidized by the friction stir welding operation adheres to the jig and is difficult to come off after joining. On the other hand, it exceeds 2.0 mm or 0.25L. If larger than that, there is a problem that defects such as poor fusion are caused at the end of the joint surface. Further, with respect to the depth of penetration 18 of the pin 18 into the rib member 14 (leg portion 14a): h, if it is less than 0.1 mm, the joint portion cannot be sufficiently formed on the rib member 14 side, and therefore the joint strength. On the other hand, when the depth is deeper than 2t, the bonding strength becomes saturated, and the load at the time of bonding is increased unnecessarily. In addition, generally as plate | board thickness: t of the plate-shaped part 12a, it shall be about 1-15 mm.
[0019]
Thus, according to the technique of the present invention as described above, the rib member 14 provided with the predetermined leg portion 14a is erected and arranged at an arbitrary plate surface position of the plate-like portion 12a in the predetermined aluminum material 12, and these are arranged. While the rod-shaped rotating jig 16 is rotated at a high speed under the state of being restrained to be fixed in position, the pin 18 provided at the tip of the rod-shaped rotating jig 16 is placed on the side where the rib member 14 is disposed, as shown in FIGS. Is inserted (pierced) from the opposite plate-like portion 12a and moved relative to the direction in which the rib member 14 extends (direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIGS. 2 and 3), such a pin 18, Generates frictional heat at the lower surface of the rotating jig 16, that is, the contact surface with the so-called shoulder portion (shoulder portion), thereby plasticizing the periphery thereof, and further by the stirring action accompanying the high-speed rotation of the pin 18, Part 12a and Part 14a of the tissue and the combined incoming mingled with each other is the so that the sound joint Te following is formed.
[0020]
As described above, the rib material 14 is combined with the aluminum material 12 and friction stir-bonded to obtain an intended aluminum product with ribs, thereby easily making an aluminum product in which ribs are erected at an arbitrary position. It is possible to obtain an aluminum product with ribs which is excellent in joint strength and has no distortion or little distortion and little structural change. Adoption eliminates the need for filler metal and shielding gas as in conventional welding methods, and eliminates the need for groove processing and oxide film removal, and also eliminates the need for distortion correction work. It is.
[0021]
Note that at least the lower portion of the pin 18 and the rod-shaped rotating jig 16 used in the friction stir welding operation according to the present invention is brought into contact with the aluminum material 12 and the rib material 14 under high-speed rotation, as in the past, It is a non-consumable member made of a material that hardly wears, and such high-speed rotation of the rotating jig 16 can be realized by using various known rotary drive devices. Become.
[0022]
In the illustrated specific example, as the aluminum material 12, only the plate-like portion 12a portion that forms the T-shaped joint structure in the aluminum product with ribs is illustrated, but as the other portions are well known, As long as it has a plate-like portion on which ribs can be erected, various shapes of aluminum materials can be used. It is also possible to construct a plate-like portion on which such ribs are erected by abutting two aluminum materials. In that case, at the same time as the butt joining of the two aluminum materials, Ribs can be erected and joined. Furthermore, even if it is in the shape of the rib material 14 which gives such a rib, as long as the structure of the leg part 14a satisfy | fills the conditions of this invention, the head which is the edge part of the other end side where the rib material 14 is not joined. There are no limitations on the shape, and rib materials of various shapes can be used.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, representative examples of the present invention will be shown to clarify the present invention more specifically, but the present invention is not limited by the description of such examples. It goes without saying. In addition to the following examples, the present invention includes various changes, modifications, and modifications based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention other than the specific configuration described above. It should be understood that improvements and the like can be added.
[0024]
First, an aluminum (6N01-T5) plate material (12) having various plate thicknesses (t) as shown in Tables 1 and 2 and having a width of 1200 mm and a length of 2000 mm is prepared. A rib member (14) having leg portions (14a) having various divergent shapes defined by the leg tip width (L) and the inclination angle (θ) of the leg tip as shown was prepared.
[0025]
Next, various combinations of the aluminum plate material (12) and the rib material (14) are assembled into a T-shape as shown in FIG. Pin (18) length (X), pin diameter (d), rotating jig diameter (shoulder diameter) (D), distance between tip of leg and pin (W), depth of pin at joining (h) 3), the pin (18) provided at the tip of the rotating jig is rotated as shown in FIG. 3 while rotating the rotating jig (16) at a high speed. Friction stir welding was carried out by inserting into the rear surface side portion of the aluminum plate member (12) corresponding to the placement portion and moving along the standing direction of the rib member (14). In this friction stir welding operation, conditions of a rotation speed of 1500 rpm and a welding speed of 500 mm / min were employed.
[0026]
Regarding the various ribbed aluminum products thus obtained, the cross-sectional structure of the joint was observed, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. For comparison, the joint portion of the joining material obtained by performing ordinary MIG welding was also evaluated in the same manner, and the results are also shown in Table 2 below.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003886596
[0028]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003886596
[0029]
As is clear from the results of Tables 1 and 2, in the ribbed aluminum products obtained in accordance with the present invention shown in Examples 1 to 4, none of the defects were found in the cross-sectional structure, and the product was sound. It was recognized that a simple joint was formed, but the inclination angle (θ) of the leg tip, the interval (W) between the leg tip and the pin, and the pin depth during joining shown in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 In the case of aluminum products with ribs obtained by friction stir welding under conditions where (h) deviates from the specified range of the present invention, defects were found in the joints, and MIG welding was performed. In the ribbed aluminum product obtained in this way, it was found that significant distortion was inherent.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the method for manufacturing a ribbed aluminum product according to the present invention, a ribbed aluminum product having a healthy joint portion with no distortion or little distortion and little structural change is conventionally obtained. Unlike the welding method, the filler material, shielding gas, and further, it is possible to obtain easily without the need for groove processing or oxide film removal process, and the ribs There is no need to newly prepare an expensive die tool as in the case of extrusion, which is attached to an arbitrary position of the plate-like portion. It is possible to advantageously realize a ribbed aluminum product having a T-joint structure with excellent joint strength, and that is where the great technical significance of the present invention exists.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a conventional friction stir welding method.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement relationship between a bonding material and a rotating jig in a friction stir welding operation according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing a friction stir welding mode in the method for producing a ribbed aluminum product according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
12 Aluminum material 12a Plate-like part 14 Rib 14a Leg part 16 Rotating jig 18 Pin

Claims (3)

アルミニウム材料の板状部の板面上に、該板面に沿って一方向に延びるアルミニウム製のリブを立設、配置せしめる一方、かかるリブの配置部位に対応する該板状部の裏面側部位に対して、ロッド状の回転治具の先端に同心的に設けたピンを、該回転治具と共に回転させつつ、前記リブに達するように差し込み、相対的に移動させることにより、それらリブと板状部とを摩擦攪拌接合せしめて、該板状部の板面上に該リブが立設して接合されてなる構造のリブ付きアルミニウム製品を製造するに際して、
前記リブの前記板状部に接合せしめられる側の脚部を、該板状部の板面に対して30度〜80度の角度を為すように傾斜した末広がり形状に構成すると共に、該リブの末広がり形状の脚部の先端部の幅:L、該末広がり形状の脚部の先端部と前記ピンとの間の間隔:W、前記リブへのピン突入深さ:h、及び前記板状部の板厚:tが、次の関係式:
0.1mm≦W≦2.0mm
W≦0.25L
0.1mm≦h≦2t
を満足するようにして、前記摩擦攪拌接合を行なうことを特徴とするリブ付きアルミニウム製品の製造法。
On the plate surface of the plate-like portion of the aluminum material, aluminum ribs extending in one direction along the plate surface are erected and arranged, while the back-side portion of the plate-like portion corresponding to the arrangement portion of the ribs On the other hand, a pin provided concentrically at the tip of the rod-shaped rotating jig is inserted with the pin so as to reach the rib while rotating together with the rotating jig, and is moved relatively. When manufacturing a ribbed aluminum product having a structure in which the rib is erected and bonded on the plate surface of the plate-like portion by friction stir welding the shape-like portion,
The leg portion of the rib to be joined to the plate-like portion is configured to have a divergent shape inclined at an angle of 30 to 80 degrees with respect to the plate surface of the plate-like portion, and the rib The width of the tip of the end-spreading leg: L, the distance between the tip of the end-spreading leg and the pin: W, the pin penetration depth into the rib: h, and the plate of the plate-like part Thickness: t is the following relation:
0.1mm ≦ W ≦ 2.0mm
W ≦ 0.25L
0.1mm ≦ h ≦ 2t
The manufacturing method of the aluminum product with a rib characterized by performing the said friction stir welding so that it may satisfy | fill.
前記アルミニウム材料及びアルミニウム製リブが、何れも、熱処理型合金または加工硬化材からなるものである請求項1記載の製造法The aluminum materials and aluminum ribs, both, granulation method manufacturing of claim 1, wherein it is made of heat-treatable alloy, or work hardened material. 前記リブの末広がり形状の脚部に、前記ピンが突入せしめられて、該脚部内において前記摩擦攪拌接合が行なわれる一方、該リブが、前記ピンの直径よりも薄い厚さを有している請求項1または請求項2に記載の製造法。The pin is inserted into a leg-shaped leg portion of the rib and the friction stir welding is performed in the leg portion, while the rib has a thickness smaller than the diameter of the pin. The manufacturing method of Claim 1 or Claim 2.
JP09720397A 1997-04-15 1997-04-15 Manufacturing method of ribbed aluminum products Expired - Fee Related JP3886596B2 (en)

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US6986452B2 (en) * 1999-09-03 2006-01-17 Lockheed Martin Corporation Friction stir welding as a rivet replacement technology
US6352193B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-03-05 General Electric Company Apparatus for joining electrically conductive materials
JP4134837B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2008-08-20 マツダ株式会社 Friction welding method and friction welding structure
US9511445B2 (en) 2014-12-17 2016-12-06 Aeroprobe Corporation Solid state joining using additive friction stir processing
US9266191B2 (en) 2013-12-18 2016-02-23 Aeroprobe Corporation Fabrication of monolithic stiffening ribs on metallic sheets
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US8632850B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2014-01-21 Schultz-Creehan Holdings, Inc. Friction fabrication tools
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