JP4194419B2 - Joining method and joining joint of iron-based material and aluminum-based material - Google Patents

Joining method and joining joint of iron-based material and aluminum-based material Download PDF

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JP4194419B2
JP4194419B2 JP2003142176A JP2003142176A JP4194419B2 JP 4194419 B2 JP4194419 B2 JP 4194419B2 JP 2003142176 A JP2003142176 A JP 2003142176A JP 2003142176 A JP2003142176 A JP 2003142176A JP 4194419 B2 JP4194419 B2 JP 4194419B2
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based material
aluminum
iron
joint
joining
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JP2004344897A (en
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裕之 武田
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車用構造物などの組立工程の際に必要となる鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料(アルミニウムおよびアルミニウム合金を総称したもの)とを接合する場合、接合部に脆い金属間化合物が生成しやすいために信頼性のある高強度を有する接合部を得ることは非常に困難であった。
【0003】
この対策として以下のような多数の従来技術が開示されている。
【0004】
例えば、真空圧延接合する方法(特許文献1参照)、予め用意した鉄系材料層およびアルミニウム合金層からなる2層のクラッド材を介在させてシーム溶接する方法(特許文献2参照)、高温加圧接合する方法(特許文献3参照)、接合面にTi合金を予め介在させHIP処理により接合する方法(特許文献4および5参照)、摩擦圧接する方法(特許文献6参照)、アルミニウムと接する鉄系材料表面にアルミニウム合金をめっきして、あるいは予め用意した鉄系材料層およびアルミニウム合金層からなる2層のクラッド材を介在させて抵抗溶接する方法(特許文献7および8参照)などである。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−94162号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−197846号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平10−185040号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平6−198458号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平5−8056号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平8−141755号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平6−39558号公報
【特許文献8】
特開平6−63762号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来技術には以下のような問題がある。
鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料とを真空圧延、高温加圧、HIP処理により接合して鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合部材を得る方法は、このような複合部材を製造することを目的とするものである。したがって、この方法は、平板など比較的単純な形状の部材同士の接合には利用可能であるが、部材の形状が複雑な場合には適用できないため、適用範囲が狭く汎用性が劣っている。
【0007】
鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料とを摩擦圧接により接合する方法は、部材形状の制約を受けるため汎用性に劣るとともに、接合部がスポット的なものとなるため連続的な接合部を得ることができず密閉性を必要とする部材の接合には適用できない。
【0008】
アルミニウムと接する鉄系材料表面にアルミニウム合金をめっきして抵抗溶接する方法は、めっき工程を必要とし工程が複雑となるため、品質の安定性が確保できない問題がある。
【0009】
鉄系材料層およびアルミニウム合金層からなる2層のクラッド材を予め用意してシーム溶接あるいは抵抗溶接する方法では、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との間にクラッド材がインサートされるため、2枚の板の接合が3枚の板の接合となる。このため、実際の施工時にインサート材(クラッド材)の挿入工程や固定工程が必要となり、上記と同様に工程が複雑となるため品質の安定性が確保できない。
【0010】
上記いずれの方法とも、上記問題以外に、現状の溶接ラインに新たな設備を組み入れなければならないため設備コストが高くなる問題があった。さらに、クラッド材を用いる方法では、クラッド材自体も鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料とを接合して製造する必要があることからその製造条件が厳しく制約され、安価でかつ性能の安定したクラッド材を入手することが困難であった。
【0011】
本発明はかかる問題に鑑みてなされたものであって、部材の形状等による制約が少なく汎用性に優れるとともに、連続的な接合が可能でかつ高い接合強度が得られ、品質の安定性にも優れた、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合方法および接合継手を提供することを目的とする。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
請求項に記載の発明は、鉄系材料の端面にMIGろう付けにより銅または銅合金の溶接金属を形成させた後、この鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料とを前記溶接金属が形成された部分で重ね合わせ、この重ね合わせ部において、前記溶接金属およびアルミニウム系材料のいずれかの材料の外表面側から回転治具を回転させつつ他方の材料の内部まで差し込み、この回転治具を材料長手方向に移動させることにより、前記溶接金属と前記アルミニウム系材料とを冶金的に結合させることを特徴とする鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合方法である。
【0015】
請求項に記載の発明は、請求項に記載の接合方法により得られた鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合継手である。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
鉄系材料例えば鋼とアルミニウム系材料とを直接溶融接合したとすると、極めて脆弱な金属間化合物が生成し、割れの発生を避けることが困難なことが知られている。したがって、溶接材料を介在させる場合を含めて鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料とを直接接合する際に、いかにして両者を溶融混合させることなく、溶接金属そのものの濡れ性を確保しつつ、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との界面近傍に脆弱な反応層を生成させないようにすることが本発明のポイントである。
【0017】
すなわち、本発明者らは、上記のように、鉄系材料側の接合面にMIGろう付けにより銅または銅合金(以下、単に「銅合金」と総称する。)の溶接金属を形成させた後、この溶接金属とアルミニウム系材料とを摩擦攪拌接合により冶金的に結合させることによって、脆弱な金属間化合物の生成を防止しつつ、強固な結合を実現できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【0018】
以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形態について図面を参照しながら具体的に説明する。
【0019】
参考実施形態〕
図1に本発明の参考実施形態に係る接合方法を説明する斜視図を、図2にこの接合方法により得られた接合継手の接合部の断面図を示す。
【0020】
この参考実施形態に係る接合方法では、先ず鉄系材料1側の端面1aに銅合金の溶接金属(ろう付け金属)3の層を形成させる。この銅合金溶接金属3はアルミニウム系材料2の鉄系材料1による希釈を抑制するために形成されるものである。
【0021】
次いで、この鉄系材料1とアルミニウム系材料2とを銅合金溶接金属3を介して付き合わせる。すなわち、銅合金溶接金属3の、鉄系材料1側とは反対側の端面3aと、アルミニウム系材料2の端面2aとを接触させる。
【0022】
そして、この接触面(突き合わせ面)6の近傍で材料の厚み方向Xに回転治具4を回転させつつ回転治具4の先端部に設けられた小径部であるピン41を差し込み、このピン41(回転治具4)を突き合わせ面6に沿って材料の長手方向Yに移動させる。
【0023】
これにより、ピン41(回転治具4)と材料との間に発生する摩擦熱によって突き合わせ面6近傍の材料、すなわち銅合金溶接金属3とアルミニウム系材料2とを軟化させ、ピン41(回転治具4)の回転によりこの軟化した材料を攪拌して混合層5を形成し、この混合層5を介して銅合金溶接金属3とアルミニウム系材料2とが冶金的に結合される。
【0024】
このようにして、鉄系材料1とアルミニウム系材料2とを銅合金溶接金属3を介して、いわゆる摩擦攪拌接合により突き合わせ接合ができる。この方法によれば、鉄系材料1とアルミニウム系材料2との直接反応が阻止されるため、接合部において極めて脆弱なFe−Al系金属間化合物の生成が抑制される。
【0025】
さらには溶融接合とは異なり摩擦撹拌接合を採用することにより、接合材料を溶融混合させることなく軟化混合させるだけで接合できるのでCu−Al系金属間化合物の生成も抑制することが可能となる。
【0026】
仮に若干の脆弱なFe−Al系またはCu−Al系金属間化合物が生成した場合でも、溶融接合とは異なり接合部に作用する収縮歪み量が少ないため、割れの発生を防止することができ、接合強度に優れた接合継手が得られる。
【0027】
鉄系材料1側への銅合金溶接金属3の形成方法については、溶接材料として細径の銅合金ワイヤを用いて不活性ガス雰囲気中でアーク溶接する、いわゆるMIGろう付け法を適用するのが最適である。すなわち、MIGろう付け法による方法では、通常のアーク溶接による方法に比べて極めて低い電流条件を適用することができる。このような極めて低い電流条件を適用できるのは、溶接材料として融点の低い銅合金を用いること、および細径ワイヤを用いることによる効果である。
【0028】
このような溶接材料を用いて極めて低い電流条件でMIGろう付けを行うことにより、鉄系材料の銅合金による希釈を抑制しつつ、鉄系材料1側に銅合金溶接金属3を形成させることができる。すなわち、脆弱な反応層を鉄系材料1と銅合金溶接金属3との界面に形成させることなく高い接合強度を有する界面を創製することが可能となる。
【0029】
また銅合金溶接金属3中への鉄の希釈量も制限されるため、この後に摩擦撹拌接合を行った際にもFe−Al系の脆弱な金属間化合物の形成を抑制する効果がある。
【0030】
なお、必要な接合強度を得るために、鉄系材料側に予め所定の厚みの銅合金溶接金属3を形成させておく必要があるが、この厚みは、MIGろう付けにより形成された溶接金属層の上に重ねてMIGろう付けによる層形成を繰り返すことにより調整できる。
【0031】
〔実施形態〕
図3に本発明の実施形態に係る接合方法を説明する斜視図を、図4にこの接合方法により得られた接合継手の接合部の断面図を示す。
【0032】
の実施形態に係る接合方法では、上記参考実施形態に係る接合方法と同様、先ず鉄系材料1側の一端面1aに上述したMIGろう付けにより銅合金の溶接金属(ろう付け金属)3の層を形成させる。
【0033】
次いで、本実施形態では上記参考実施形態とは異なり、この鉄系材料1とアルミニウム系材料2とを銅合金溶接金属3が形成された部分で重ね合わせる。
【0034】
そして、この重ね合わせ部7において、銅合金溶接金属3またはアルミニウム系材料2のいずれかの材料の外表面(3bまたは2b)側(図3においては、銅合金溶接金属3の外表面3b側)から回転治具4を回転させつつピン41を材料の厚み方向Xに他方の材料(図3においては、アルミニウム系材料2)の内部まで差し込み、このピン41(回転治具4)を材料の長手方向Yに移動させる。
【0035】
これにより、ピン41(回転治具4)と接合材料との間に発生する摩擦熱によって重ね合わせ面8近傍の銅合金溶接金属3とアルミニウム系材料2とを軟化させ、ピン41(回転治具4)の回転によりこの軟化した材料を攪拌して混合層5を形成し、この混合層5を介して銅合金溶接金属3とアルミニウム系材料2とが冶金的に結合される。
【0036】
本実施形態においても、上記参考実施形態と同様、接合部に脆弱な金属間化合物の生成が抑制される。
【0037】
また、仮に接合部に若干の脆弱な金属間化合物が生成した場合でも、接合部に作用する収縮歪み量が少ないため、割れの発生を防止することができ、接合強度に優れた接合継手が得られる。
【0038】
さらに、上記参考実施形態のような突き合わせ接合(突き合わせ継手)の場合には、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との高温強度(塑性変形能)の差異に起因して、接合過程で回転治具4のピン41が強度の低いアルミニウム系材料側へ偏向していく傾向があり、接合線が長い場合には接合施工が困難となりやすい。
【0039】
これに対して本実施形態のような重ね合わせ接合(重ね継手)の場合では、ピン41下の材料は単一となるため、突き合わせ接合時のように、ピン41の偏向に伴う接合施工の困難さが解消できる利点がある。
【0040】
さらに、重ね合わせ接合(重ね継手)で、例えば回転治具4を銅合金溶接金属3の外表面3b側から挿入する場合には、アルミニウム系材料中へのピン41の挿入量の調整が容易となることから、継手の強度確保のための摩擦撹拌の程度を制御しやすくなり、脆弱な金属間化合物の生成を必要最小限に抑制しつつ均一な溶接金属(塑性流動部)を形成しやすい利点もある。
【0041】
以上説明した各実施形態に関して、銅合金溶接金属を形成する溶接材料としては、JIS Z 3341におけるYCuSi B、YCuAl、YCuAlNi A、YCuAlNi B、YCuSn A等が非限定的に例示される。中でも好ましいのはYCuSi B,YCuAlである。
【0042】
なお、銅合金をMIGろう付け法により鉄系材料表面に形成する場合には、Arを代表とする不活性ガスでシールドし、直流のアークにより電極(ワイヤ)側を正極として施工するのが好ましい。これによりアーク発生時に母材側でクリーニングアクションが起こるため、鉄系材料表面の酸化皮膜が除去されることにより鉄系材料表面の清浄度が向上して良好な濡れ性が確保され、より健全な接合部が得られる。
【0043】
なお、本発明に係る方法で使用される溶接ワイヤ径については、前述のように、基本的には低電流の条件で安定したアークを発生させる必要があるため、0.8〜1.2mmとすることが好ましい。すなわち、ワイヤ径が1.2mmを越えると、安定したアークを得るための電流が過大となり、鉄系材料を過剰に溶融させ脆弱な反応層が生成されやすい。一方、ワイヤ径が0.8mm未満になると、ワイヤそのものの製造コストが極めて高くなるとともに、ワイヤの送給性が低下する不具合が生じるためである。
【0044】
また、MIGろう付け法および摩擦撹拌接合とも、アーク溶接と同様に連続線の溶接や接合ができるため、本発明は密閉性を必要とする部材の接合に対しても適用できる。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について参考例および比較例と比較しつつ説明する。
【0046】
本実施例は、鋼板とアルミニウム板との接合試験を行ったものであり、厚さ2mm×幅150mm×長さ300mmの鋼板と、厚さ2mm×幅150mm×長さ300mmのアルミニウム板との接合継手に対して、本発明の接合方法により接合を試みた。接合継手の形状としては、図1、2に示す突き合わせの場合と、図3、4に示す重ね合わせの場合についてそれぞれ接合試験を実施した。施例、参考例および比較例における接合方法,溶接材料および溶接条件は表1に示す通りである。なお、摩擦攪拌接合による接合条件は、回転治具の回転数:3000rpm、ピン径:φ4mm、移動速度:20cm/minであり、全て同一条件とした。
【0047】
【表1】

Figure 0004194419
【0048】
表1に示す条件で、鋼板側に溶接金属を形成したのち、この溶接金属とアルミニウム板とを摩擦撹拌接合により接合した(ただし、No.4では溶接金属を形成せずに鋼板とアルミニウム板とを直接摩擦撹拌接合で接合した)。そして、接合部について、浸透探傷試験および断面観察により割れの発生の有無を調査した。
【0049】
その結果、接合条件が本発明に密接に関連するNo.1の参考例および本発明に適合するNo.2の実施例では、接合部には割れが認められず健全な接合継手が得られることが確認された。
【0050】
一方、接合条件が本発明から外れるNo.3およびNo.4の比較例では、接合部に割れの発生が認められた。以下に、この割れ発生の現象について説明する。
【0051】
No.3は、銅合金の溶接金属をMIG溶接による大入熱溶接により形成した例である。過大な熱量により溶接金属中に鉄系材料が多量に溶解し、鉄系材料と銅合金溶接金属との界面が脆弱となったばかりか、銅合金溶接金属とアルミニウム板とを摩擦撹拌接合した際にも脆弱なFe−Al系の金属間化合物が形成されたため割れが発生したものと考えられる。
【0052】
No.4は、鋼板とアルミニウム板とを、銅合金溶接金属を介さずに、直接摩擦撹拌接合した例である。接合部に脆弱なFe−Al系の金属間化合物が形成されたため割れが発生したものと考えられる。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
以上で説明したように、本発明によれば、MIGろう付けにより銅合金の溶接金属を鉄系材料側に形成した後、この銅合金溶接金属とアルミニウム系材料とを摩擦撹拌接合により冶金的に結合させることにより、部材の形状等による制約が少なく汎用性に優れるとともに、連続的な接合が可能でかつ高い接合強度が得られ、品質の安定性にも優れた、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合方法および接合継手を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 参考実施形態に係る接合方法を説明する斜視図である。
【図2】 参考実施形態に係る接合方法により得られた接合継手の接合部を示す断面図である。
【図3】 施形態に係る接合方法を説明する斜視図である。
【図4】 施形態に係る接合方法により得られた接合継手の接合部を示す断面図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material, which is necessary in an assembly process of an automobile structure or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When joining iron-based materials and aluminum-based materials (a collective term for aluminum and aluminum alloys), it is easy to form brittle intermetallic compounds at the joints, so that it is possible to obtain a reliable joint with high strength It was very difficult.
[0003]
As countermeasures against this, a number of conventional techniques have been disclosed as follows.
[0004]
For example, a method of vacuum rolling joining (see Patent Document 1), a method of performing seam welding by interposing a two-layer clad material made of an iron-based material layer and an aluminum alloy layer (see Patent Document 2), high-temperature pressurization A method of joining (see Patent Document 3), a method of joining a Ti alloy in advance on the joint surface by HIP treatment (see Patent Documents 4 and 5), a method of friction welding (see Patent Document 6), an iron system in contact with aluminum For example, an aluminum alloy is plated on the surface of the material, or resistance welding is performed by interposing a two-layer clad material made of an iron-based material layer and an aluminum alloy layer (see Patent Documents 7 and 8).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-94162 A [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-197846 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-10-185040 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-6-198458 [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-5-8056 [Patent Document 6]
JP-A-8-141755 [Patent Document 7]
JP-A-6-39558 [Patent Document 8]
JP-A-6-63762 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above prior art has the following problems.
The method of obtaining a joined member of an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material by joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material by vacuum rolling, high-temperature pressurization, and HIP treatment is intended to produce such a composite member. To do. Therefore, this method can be used for joining members having a relatively simple shape such as a flat plate, but cannot be applied when the shape of the member is complicated, so that the applicable range is narrow and the versatility is poor.
[0007]
The method of joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material by friction welding is inferior in versatility due to the restriction of the member shape, and the joint becomes spot-like so that a continuous joint can be obtained. It cannot be applied to the joining of members that require hermeticity.
[0008]
The method of plating an aluminum alloy on the surface of an iron-based material in contact with aluminum and performing resistance welding requires a plating process, and the process is complicated, so that there is a problem that quality stability cannot be ensured.
[0009]
In the method of preparing seam welding or resistance welding by preparing two clad materials consisting of an iron-based material layer and an aluminum alloy layer in advance, the clad material is inserted between the iron-based material and the aluminum-based material. The joining of the three plates becomes the joining of the three plates. For this reason, an insert material (cladding material) insertion process and a fixing process are required at the time of actual construction, and the process becomes complicated in the same manner as described above, so that quality stability cannot be ensured.
[0010]
In any of the above methods, in addition to the above problems, there is a problem that equipment costs increase because new equipment must be incorporated into the current welding line. Furthermore, in the method using a clad material, the clad material itself must be manufactured by joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material. Therefore, the production conditions are severely restricted, and an inexpensive and stable performance clad material is required. It was difficult to obtain.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, has few restrictions due to the shape of the member and is excellent in versatility, can be continuously joined and has high joint strength, and is also stable in quality. An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent method for joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material and a joint joint.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a weld metal of copper or copper alloy is formed on the end face of the iron-based material by MIG brazing, and then the iron-based material and the aluminum-based material are formed on the weld metal. In this overlapping portion, while rotating the rotating jig from the outer surface side of either the weld metal or the aluminum-based material, the rotating jig is inserted into the other material, and the rotating jig is inserted in the longitudinal direction of the material. This is a method for joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material, characterized in that the weld metal and the aluminum-based material are metallurgically bonded to each other.
[0015]
Invention of Claim 2 is the joining joint of the iron-type material and aluminum-type material which were obtained by the joining method of Claim 1 .
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
If an iron-based material such as steel and an aluminum-based material are directly melt bonded, it is known that an extremely fragile intermetallic compound is generated and it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of cracks. Therefore, when directly joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material, including the case where a welding material is interposed, it is possible to ensure the wettability of the weld metal itself without melting and mixing the two, and the iron-based material. The point of the present invention is not to generate a fragile reaction layer in the vicinity of the interface between the material and the aluminum-based material.
[0017]
That is, the inventors have formed a weld metal of copper or copper alloy (hereinafter simply referred to as “copper alloy”) by MIG brazing on the joint surface on the iron-based material side as described above. The present inventors have found that a strong bond can be realized while preventing the formation of fragile intermetallic compounds by metallurgically bonding the weld metal and the aluminum-based material by friction stir welding, and the present invention has been completed. It is a thing.
[0018]
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
[ Reference embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining a joining method according to a reference embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a joint portion of a joint joint obtained by this joining method.
[0020]
In the joining method according to the reference embodiment, first, a layer of a copper alloy weld metal (brazing metal) 3 is formed on the end surface 1a on the iron-based material 1 side. The copper alloy weld metal 3 is formed to suppress dilution of the aluminum material 2 by the iron material 1.
[0021]
Next, the iron-based material 1 and the aluminum-based material 2 are attached together via a copper alloy weld metal 3. That is, the end surface 3 a of the copper alloy weld metal 3 opposite to the iron-based material 1 side and the end surface 2 a of the aluminum-based material 2 are brought into contact with each other.
[0022]
Then, a pin 41 which is a small diameter portion provided at the tip of the rotating jig 4 is inserted while rotating the rotating jig 4 in the thickness direction X of the material near the contact surface (butting surface) 6. (Rotating jig 4) is moved in the longitudinal direction Y of the material along the abutting surface 6.
[0023]
This softens the material in the vicinity of the abutting surface 6, that is, the copper alloy weld metal 3 and the aluminum-based material 2, by frictional heat generated between the pin 41 (rotating jig 4) and the material, and the pin 41 (rotating jig). The softened material is agitated by the rotation of the tool 4) to form the mixed layer 5, and the copper alloy weld metal 3 and the aluminum-based material 2 are metallurgically bonded through the mixed layer 5.
[0024]
In this manner, the iron-based material 1 and the aluminum-based material 2 can be butt-joined by so-called friction stir welding via the copper alloy weld metal 3. According to this method, since the direct reaction between the iron-based material 1 and the aluminum-based material 2 is prevented, the formation of an extremely fragile Fe—Al-based intermetallic compound at the joint is suppressed.
[0025]
Furthermore, by adopting friction stir welding unlike melt bonding, it is possible to bond by simply softening and mixing the bonding materials without melting and mixing them, so that the formation of Cu-Al intermetallic compounds can also be suppressed.
[0026]
Even if some brittle Fe-Al-based or Cu-Al-based intermetallic compounds are generated, unlike melt bonding, the amount of shrinkage strain acting on the bonded portion is small, so the occurrence of cracks can be prevented, A joint joint having excellent joint strength can be obtained.
[0027]
As a method of forming the copper alloy weld metal 3 on the iron-based material 1 side, a so-called MIG brazing method in which arc welding is performed in an inert gas atmosphere using a small-diameter copper alloy wire as a welding material is applied. Is optimal. That is, in the method using the MIG brazing method, extremely low current conditions can be applied as compared with the method using ordinary arc welding. Such an extremely low current condition can be applied because of the effect of using a copper alloy having a low melting point as a welding material and using a thin wire.
[0028]
By performing MIG brazing using such a welding material under extremely low current conditions, the copper alloy weld metal 3 can be formed on the iron-based material 1 side while suppressing dilution of the iron-based material with the copper alloy. it can. That is, it is possible to create an interface having high bonding strength without forming a fragile reaction layer at the interface between the iron-based material 1 and the copper alloy weld metal 3.
[0029]
Moreover, since the dilution amount of iron in the copper alloy weld metal 3 is also limited, there is an effect of suppressing the formation of Fe—Al-based brittle intermetallic compounds even when the friction stir welding is performed thereafter.
[0030]
In addition, in order to obtain a required joint strength, it is necessary to previously form a copper alloy weld metal 3 having a predetermined thickness on the iron-based material side. This thickness is a weld metal layer formed by MIG brazing. It can be adjusted by repeating the layer formation by MIG brazing on top of the substrate.
[0031]
[Implementation Embodiment
The perspective view illustrating a bonding method according to the implementation embodiments of the present invention in FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the junction of the resulting bonded joint by this joining method is shown in FIG.
[0032]
In the bonding method according to the implementation form of this, similar to the bonding method according to the referential embodiment, the weld metal of the copper alloy by MIG brazing first described above on one end surface 1a of the iron-based material 1 side (brazing metal) 3 To form a layer.
[0033]
Next, in this embodiment, unlike the above-described reference embodiment, the iron-based material 1 and the aluminum-based material 2 are overlapped at a portion where the copper alloy weld metal 3 is formed.
[0034]
And in this overlapping part 7, the outer surface (3b or 2b) side of either the copper alloy weld metal 3 or the aluminum-based material 2 (in FIG. 3, the outer surface 3b side of the copper alloy weld metal 3) While rotating the rotating jig 4, the pin 41 is inserted into the other material (in FIG. 3, the aluminum-based material 2) in the thickness direction X of the material, and this pin 41 (the rotating jig 4) is inserted in the longitudinal direction of the material. Move in direction Y.
[0035]
Thereby, the copper alloy weld metal 3 and the aluminum-based material 2 in the vicinity of the overlapping surface 8 are softened by frictional heat generated between the pin 41 (rotating jig 4) and the bonding material, and the pin 41 (rotating jig) The softened material is stirred by the rotation of 4) to form the mixed layer 5, and the copper alloy weld metal 3 and the aluminum-based material 2 are metallurgically bonded through the mixed layer 5.
[0036]
Also in this embodiment, the production | generation of the intermetallic compound weak at a junction part is suppressed similarly to the said reference embodiment.
[0037]
In addition, even if some brittle intermetallic compounds are formed at the joint, the amount of shrinkage strain acting on the joint is small, so that the occurrence of cracks can be prevented and a joint joint with excellent joint strength can be obtained. It is done.
[0038]
Further, in the case of butt joint (butt joint) as in the above-described reference embodiment, the rotating jig 4 is joined during the joining process due to the difference in high-temperature strength (plastic deformability) between the iron-based material and the aluminum-based material. The pin 41 tends to be deflected toward the aluminum-based material having a low strength. When the joining line is long, the joining work tends to be difficult.
[0039]
On the other hand, in the case of the lap joint (lap joint) as in the present embodiment, the material under the pin 41 is single, so that it is difficult to perform the joint construction accompanying the deflection of the pin 41 as in the butt joint. There is an advantage that can be eliminated.
[0040]
Furthermore, when the rotating jig 4 is inserted from the outer surface 3b side of the copper alloy weld metal 3 by lap joining (lap joint), for example, it is easy to adjust the insertion amount of the pin 41 into the aluminum-based material. Therefore, it is easy to control the degree of friction stir to ensure the strength of the joint, and it is easy to form a uniform weld metal (plastic flow part) while suppressing the generation of fragile intermetallic compounds to the minimum necessary There is also.
[0041]
Regarding each embodiment described above, as a welding material for forming a copper alloy weld metal, YCuSi B, YCuAl, YCuAlNi A, YCuAlNi B, YCuSn A and the like in JIS Z 3341 are exemplified without limitation. Of these, YCuSi B and YCuAl are preferable.
[0042]
In addition, when forming a copper alloy on the surface of an iron-type material by the MIG brazing method, it is preferable to shield with an inert gas typified by Ar and to apply the electrode (wire) side as a positive electrode with a direct current arc. . As a result, a cleaning action occurs on the base metal side when an arc occurs, so that the oxide film on the surface of the iron-based material is removed, thereby improving the cleanliness of the surface of the iron-based material, ensuring good wettability, and more sound A joint is obtained.
[0043]
As described above, the diameter of the welding wire used in the method according to the present invention is basically 0.8 to 1.2 mm because it is necessary to generate a stable arc under low current conditions. It is preferable to do. That is, when the wire diameter exceeds 1.2 mm, the current for obtaining a stable arc becomes excessive, and the iron-based material is excessively melted and a fragile reaction layer is easily generated. On the other hand, when the wire diameter is less than 0.8 mm, the manufacturing cost of the wire itself becomes extremely high, and there is a problem that the feedability of the wire is lowered.
[0044]
In addition, since both the MIG brazing method and the friction stir welding can perform continuous line welding and joining in the same manner as arc welding, the present invention can also be applied to joining members that require hermeticity.
[0045]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below in comparison with reference examples and comparative examples.
[0046]
In this example, a steel plate and an aluminum plate were subjected to a joining test, and a steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm × width 150 mm × a length of 300 mm and an aluminum plate having a thickness of 2 mm × width 150 mm × a length of 300 mm were joined. Joining was tried to the joint by the joining method of the present invention. As the shape of the joint joint, a joining test was carried out for each of the butt shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the overlay shown in FIGS. Real 施例, reference examples and joining method in the comparative examples, the welding material and the welding conditions are shown in Table 1. In addition, the welding conditions by friction stir welding were the rotational speed of the rotating jig: 3000 rpm, the pin diameter: φ4 mm, and the moving speed: 20 cm / min, and all were the same conditions.
[0047]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004194419
[0048]
After forming the weld metal on the steel plate side under the conditions shown in Table 1, this weld metal and the aluminum plate were joined by friction stir welding (However, in No. 4, the weld metal was not formed and the steel plate and the aluminum plate were joined. Were joined by direct friction stir welding). And about the joining part, the presence or absence of the crack generation | occurrence | production was investigated by the penetration test and cross-sectional observation.
[0049]
As a result, the welding conditions are closely related to the present invention. Conforming to one reference example and the present invention No. In Example 2, it was confirmed that no crack was observed in the joint and a sound joint was obtained.
[0050]
On the other hand, no. 3 and no. In Comparative Example 4, the occurrence of cracks was observed at the joint. Hereinafter, this phenomenon of occurrence of cracks will be described.
[0051]
No. 3 is an example in which a copper alloy weld metal is formed by high heat input welding by MIG welding. Excessive amount of heat causes a large amount of iron-based material to dissolve in the weld metal, and the interface between the iron-based material and the copper alloy weld metal has become brittle, and when the copper alloy weld metal and the aluminum plate are friction stir welded. It is considered that cracking occurred because a fragile Fe-Al intermetallic compound was formed.
[0052]
No. 4 is an example in which a steel plate and an aluminum plate are directly friction stir welded without using a copper alloy weld metal. It is thought that cracking occurred because a brittle Fe-Al intermetallic compound was formed at the joint.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, after the copper alloy weld metal is formed on the iron-based material side by MIG brazing, the copper alloy weld metal and the aluminum-based material are metallurgically bonded by friction stir welding. By combining them, there are few restrictions due to the shape of the member, etc., and excellent versatility, continuous joining is possible, high joining strength is obtained, and quality stability is also excellent. And a joint joint can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a joining method according to a reference embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a joint portion of a joint joint obtained by a joining method according to a reference embodiment.
3 is a perspective view illustrating a bonding method according to the implementation embodiments.
4 is a sectional view showing a joint portion of the bonded joint obtained by the bonding method according to the implementation embodiments.

Claims (2)

鉄系材料の端面にMIGろう付けにより銅または銅合金の溶接金属を形成させた後、この鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料とを前記溶接金属が形成された部分で重ね合わせ、この重ね合わせ部において、前記溶接金属およびアルミニウム系材料のいずれかの材料の外表面側から回転治具を回転させつつ他方の材料の内部まで差し込み、この回転治具を材料の長手方向に移動させることにより、前記溶接金属と前記アルミニウム系材料とを冶金的に結合させることを特徴とする鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合方法。  After forming a weld metal of copper or copper alloy on the end face of the iron-based material by MIG brazing, the iron-based material and the aluminum-based material are overlapped at the portion where the weld metal is formed, By rotating the rotating jig from the outer surface side of any one of the weld metal and the aluminum-based material to the inside of the other material while rotating the rotating jig, and moving the rotating jig in the longitudinal direction of the material, the welding A method for joining an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material, characterized by metallurgically bonding a metal and the aluminum-based material. 請求項に記載の接合方法により得られた鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との接合継手。A joint joint of an iron-based material and an aluminum-based material obtained by the joining method according to claim 1 .
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