JP3583558B2 - Pipe frame structure joining method - Google Patents

Pipe frame structure joining method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3583558B2
JP3583558B2 JP25210496A JP25210496A JP3583558B2 JP 3583558 B2 JP3583558 B2 JP 3583558B2 JP 25210496 A JP25210496 A JP 25210496A JP 25210496 A JP25210496 A JP 25210496A JP 3583558 B2 JP3583558 B2 JP 3583558B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pipe
main pipe
main
joining
head
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP25210496A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1094879A (en
Inventor
泰治 長谷
茂 地野
正太郎 西田
省三 鍋谷
正秋 岩田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Corp
Nippon Steel Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Panasonic Corp
Nippon Steel Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP25210496A priority Critical patent/JP3583558B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ヘッドパイプとメインパイプからなるフレーム構造体の接合方法に係り、特に軽量で高強度が得られるチタン製フレームの構造体接合方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
パイプフレームの構造体は建築、遊具設備、自転車等各種構造物の部品など平面的な三角形、四角形が主または中心となる。また立体的な構造のものがある。これらは、ヘッドパイプといわれる構造体の主骨格を構成するものに、各種の枝パイプであるメインパイプが接合されて一体の構造物を形作っている。平面的な構造体の1つである自転車用のフレーム構造の例で説明する。
【0003】
自転車用フレームは図3に示すように、主にヘッドパイプ1と上下メインパイプ2,2′とにより構成されている。これらの接合は、ろう付けして接着するかまたはアルゴンガス等の不活性シールドガスを用いたアーク溶接を行う方法で施工されていたか、これらの方法によると熟練工による手作業を前提とし、接合に長時間を要する。また接合部が長時間にわたって高温にさらされることから接合部の近傍が酸化したり変色して表面仕上げが必要であるとともに接合強度が低下するなど、作業能率および材質面で問題があった。
【0004】
最近は、例えば特開昭59−127980号公報や特公平2−50813号公報にあるように短時間で接合可能な抵抗溶接での施工が一般的になった。
図4はヘッドパイプに直交または斜交する枝パイプであるメインパイプを抵抗溶接する主要部を示す斜視図である。メインパイプ2は導電性および熱伝導性の優れた銅または銅合金製の下電極3により固定される。ヘッドパイプ1は中芯電極4を挿通し、中芯電極4を上電極5で下降可能に固定して、メインパイプ2をヘッドパイプ1の側面に突き合わせ、加圧しながら抵抗溶接する。メインパイプ2は下電極3でクランプされ、ヘッドパイプ1の円周部に当接可能に上面を形成し、かつメインパイプ2を支持する支持面上部に溶接金属受け溝6を有し、外面のバリの形成を抑制している。また、メインパイプ2内面には空気Gで内圧(約2〜6kgf/cm)をかけながら溶接して、内面のバリの形成を減少させている。
【0005】
近年、軽くて強い、さらに耐食性の優れたチタン材が各方面で使用されるようになり、ヤング率が鋼の約半分で振動が吸収できるので自転車への適用が試みられるようになった。しかし、前述のメインパイプ内面に空気で内圧をかけながらチタン材のフレームのメインパイプとヘッドパイプを抵抗溶接すると、チタンは高温において酸化および窒化しやすいので溶接金属、熱影響部ともに酸化および窒化して硬化し脆くなる。空気に代えて不活性ガスを用いた場合は内圧を高くし難く、内面にバリが生じて接合強度が低くなる。
【0006】
したがって、図5に示すように、メインパイプ2のヘッドパイプ1との接合部となるメインパイプ2の先端部7をバテット加工してパイプ肉厚を大きく、即ち接合面積を大きくして接合する必要があった。このバテット加工は加工に時間がかかるので作業能率が悪く、また接合面積が大きくなるので溶接入熱量も大きくしなけれぱならない。
【0007】
また、ヘッドパイプに接合するメインパイプの角度θは構造体の種類によって種々あるが、自転車のフレームの場合は最小約50°斜交し、かつ加圧されて抵抗溶接されるので斜交接合の場合は抵抗溶接時の圧接力によって接合部が目的とする場所からずれて接合される場合があり、製品歩留まりが悪くなる。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記実状に鑑みてなされたものであって、パイプフレームの接合構造体において、高能率かつ製品歩留まりが良好で健全な構造体の接合方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の要旨とするところは、
(1)ヘッドパイプに直交または斜交するメインパイプからなるフレーム接合方法において、短尺でメインパイプの内径より僅かに小さい外径の補助パイプを該補助パイプ内面から溶接でヘッドパイプに接合した後、メインパイプを補助パイプに外挿してヘッドパイプにメインパイプを当接して抵抗溶接することを特徴とする。
(2)また抵抗溶接は、ヘッドパイプに中芯電極を挿通すると共に、該中芯電極を上電極で下降可能に固定し、下電極でクランプされたメインパイプをヘッドパイプに接合された補助パイプに外挿して加圧しながら行うことを特徴とする。
(3)さらに、パイプ材料がチタンまたはチタン合金であることを特徴とするパイプフレーム構造体の接合方法にある。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のパイプ構造体の接合方法例を自転車用フレームに適用した例で詳細に説明する。その自転車用フレームの接合構造例の断面図を図1に、また図1A部の拡大図を図2に示す。
ヘッドパイプ1に短尺の補助パイプ8,8′を、補助パイプ8,8′の内面からTIG,プラズマ等のアーク溶接あるいはレーザ溶接等で接合する。次いで、補助パイプ8,8′の外径より僅かに大きい内径を有するメインパイプ2,2′を外挿し、図4に示す装置で抵抗溶接する。
【0011】
補助パイプ8,8′の外径とメインパイプ2,2′の内径との差は自転車用フレームの場合は0.2〜1mmが好ましく、この差は構造体種類、パイプサイズによって任意に決める。また、補助パイプ8,8′の長さは構造体種類、パイプサイズによって任意に決められるが、自転車のフレームの場合は20〜50mmが好ましい。
【0012】
図2に示すように、補助パイプ8にメインパイプ2を外挿してヘッドパイプ1に補助パイプとともに短時間で抵抗溶接するので、溶接金属10は、メインパイプ2の内面側でメインパイプ2の内径より僅かに小さい外径を有する接合部の補強の役目を有する補助パイプ8に押さえられ、メインパイプ2の外面側ではメインパイプ2を図4に示す下電極3でクランプして支持する支持面に溶接金属受6を有しているので、接合部の酸化およびメインパイプ2の内外面側いずれもバリが生じることはなく理想的な形状のビード外観となる。したがって、溶接終了後表面仕上げの必要がなく、メインパイプ2内面からの不活性ガスで内圧をかけてバリの形成を抑制する必要もない。
【0013】
また、接合部の酸化、窒化やバリの発生がなく、しかもヘッドパイプ1にメインパイプ2が補助パイプ8と一体に接合されて接合断面が大きいので、高い接合強度が得られる。
【0014】
さらに、ヘッドパイプ1に補助パイプ8を接合した後に、メインパイプ2を補助パイプ8に外挿してヘッドパイプ1に接合するので、ヘッドパイプ1にメインパイプ2の斜交角度θが小さく、かつ加圧しながら抵抗溶接しても溶接位置がずれることがない。
【0015】
また、前述のパイプフレームをチタンまたはチタン合金とすることにより、軽くて強いので、必要とされる強度を得るのに細径、薄肉のパイプとすることができ、さらに耐食性が優れて振動の吸収が大きい構造とすることができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
JIS H4600 Gr3のチタンパイプ(38.4mm径×2.0mm厚)のヘッドパイプに、JIS H4600 Gr4のチタンパイプ(28.6mm径×0.9mm厚×30mm長さ)の補助パイプを、目標とする角度θに補助パイプ内面からTIG溶接した。
次いで、JIS H4600 Gr4のチタンパイプ(31.8mm径×1.2mm厚)をメインパイプとして補助パイプに外挿し、図4に示す溶接装置で抵抗溶接した。この場合、メインパイプと補助パイプの隙間は0.4mmである。
抵抗溶接条件は、電流2000A、加圧力40kgf で実施した。
溶接後外観検査および切断して内部のバリ発生状況および硬さ試験を行った。それらの結果を表1に示す。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003583558
【0018】
表1から明らかなように、いずれの斜交角度θにおいても、バリの発生や表面酸化がなく、また抵抗溶接時のずれもない良好な外観が得られた。また、内面へのバリ発生もなく、接合部の硬さもヘッドパイプおよびメインパイプと大差なく許容される範囲内で極めて満足な結果であった。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明のパイプフレーム構造体の接合方法によれば、接合部の溶接仕上げ加工の必要がなく外観が良好で、かつ接合部がずれたりバリの発生がないなど、高強度で健全な接合構造体を高能率に提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の自転車用フレームを例とした接合構造例の断面図である。
【図2】図1A部の拡大図である。
【図3】自転車用フレームの構造例の斜視図である。
【図4】パイプフレームの抵抗溶接方法例の斜視図である。
【図5】メインパイプのヘッドパイプとの接合先端部をバッテット加工した断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ヘッドパイプ
2 メインパイプ
3 下電極
4 中芯電極
5 上電極
6 溶接金属受け溝
7 メインパイプ接合先端部
8 補助パイプ
9 アーク溶接による溶接金属
10 抵抗溶接による溶接金属[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for joining a frame structure including a head pipe and a main pipe, and more particularly to a method for joining a titanium frame structure that is lightweight and has high strength.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The structure of the pipe frame is mainly or mainly a planar triangle or quadrangle such as a part of various structures such as architecture, playground equipment, and bicycle. Some have a three-dimensional structure. These form a main structure of a structure called a head pipe, and a main pipe as various branch pipes are joined to form an integral structure. An example of a bicycle frame structure which is one of the planar structures will be described.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 3, the bicycle frame mainly includes a head pipe 1 and upper and lower main pipes 2 and 2 '. Whether these joints were performed by brazing or bonding or by performing arc welding using an inert shielding gas such as argon gas, etc. It takes a long time. In addition, since the joint is exposed to a high temperature for a long period of time, the vicinity of the joint is oxidized or discolored, requiring a surface finish and lowering the joint strength.
[0004]
Recently, resistance welding, which can be joined in a short time, has become common as disclosed in, for example, JP-A-59-127980 and JP-B-2-50813.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a main part of the main pipe, which is a branch pipe orthogonal or oblique to the head pipe, resistance-welded. The main pipe 2 is fixed by a lower electrode 3 made of copper or a copper alloy having excellent conductivity and heat conductivity. The head pipe 1 is inserted through the center electrode 4, the center electrode 4 is fixed so as to be able to descend with the upper electrode 5, and the main pipe 2 is butted against the side surface of the head pipe 1 and resistance-welded while pressing. The main pipe 2 is clamped by the lower electrode 3, has an upper surface formed so as to be in contact with the circumferential portion of the head pipe 1, and has a weld metal receiving groove 6 above a support surface supporting the main pipe 2. The formation of burrs is suppressed. Also, welding is performed on the inner surface of the main pipe 2 while applying an internal pressure (about 2 to 6 kgf / cm 2 ) with air G to reduce the formation of burrs on the inner surface.
[0005]
In recent years, titanium materials that are light, strong, and have excellent corrosion resistance have been used in various fields, and have a Young's modulus of about half that of steel, capable of absorbing vibration, and have been applied to bicycles. However, when the main pipe and the head pipe of the titanium frame are resistance-welded while applying internal pressure to the inner surface of the main pipe with air, titanium is easily oxidized and nitrided at high temperatures, so that both the weld metal and the heat-affected zone are oxidized and nitrided. Hardens and becomes brittle. When an inert gas is used instead of air, it is difficult to increase the internal pressure, and burrs are generated on the inner surface to lower the bonding strength.
[0006]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, it is necessary to join the head pipe 2 with the head pipe 1 by joining the end portion 7 of the main pipe 2 with the pipe by thickening the pipe wall thickness, that is, by increasing the joint area. was there. This battet processing requires a long processing time, resulting in poor work efficiency, and a large joint area requires a large welding heat input.
[0007]
The angle θ of the main pipe to be joined to the head pipe varies depending on the type of the structure, but in the case of a bicycle frame, the angle is about 50 ° at a minimum, and since it is pressurized and resistance-welded, the angle of the oblique connection is In this case, the joint may be displaced from the intended location due to the pressure contact force at the time of resistance welding, resulting in a poor product yield.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining a pipe frame joint structure with a high efficiency, a good product yield, and a sound structure .
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is:
(1) In a method of joining a frame composed of a main pipe orthogonal or oblique to a head pipe, after joining a short auxiliary pipe having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the main pipe to the head pipe by welding from the inner surface of the auxiliary pipe. The main pipe is extrapolated to the auxiliary pipe, and the main pipe is brought into contact with the head pipe to perform resistance welding.
(2) In the resistance welding, an auxiliary pipe in which a center electrode is inserted into a head pipe, the center electrode is fixed so as to be able to descend by an upper electrode, and a main pipe clamped by a lower electrode is joined to the head pipe. It is characterized in that it is carried out while extrapolating to and applying pressure.
(3) A method of joining a pipe frame structure, wherein the pipe material is titanium or a titanium alloy.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An example in which the example of the method for joining pipe structures of the present invention is applied to a bicycle frame will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a joint structure of the bicycle frame, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1A.
Short auxiliary pipes 8, 8 'are joined to the head pipe 1 from the inner surfaces of the auxiliary pipes 8, 8' by arc welding or laser welding of TIG, plasma or the like. Next, the main pipes 2, 2 'having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameters of the auxiliary pipes 8, 8' are extrapolated and resistance-welded by the apparatus shown in FIG.
[0011]
The difference between the outer diameters of the auxiliary pipes 8 and 8 'and the inner diameters of the main pipes 2 and 2' is preferably 0.2 to 1 mm in the case of a bicycle frame, and this difference is arbitrarily determined depending on the structure type and the pipe size. The length of the auxiliary pipes 8, 8 'is arbitrarily determined according to the type of the structure and the size of the pipes. In the case of a bicycle frame, the length is preferably 20 to 50 mm.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 2, since the main pipe 2 is extrapolated to the auxiliary pipe 8 and resistance welding is performed to the head pipe 1 together with the auxiliary pipe in a short time, the weld metal 10 is formed on the inner surface side of the main pipe 2 by the inner diameter of the main pipe 2. The auxiliary pipe 8 is used to reinforce a joint having a slightly smaller outer diameter and serves to reinforce the joint. On the outer surface side of the main pipe 2, the main pipe 2 is clamped by the lower electrode 3 shown in FIG. Since the weld metal receiver 6 is provided, no burrs are generated on the inner and outer surfaces of the main pipe 2, and the bead appearance has an ideal shape. Therefore, there is no need to finish the surface after welding, and it is not necessary to suppress the formation of burrs by applying an internal pressure with an inert gas from the inner surface of the main pipe 2.
[0013]
In addition, there is no occurrence of oxidation, nitridation or burrs at the joint, and the main pipe 2 is joined to the head pipe 1 integrally with the auxiliary pipe 8 so that the joining section is large, so that high joining strength can be obtained.
[0014]
Further, after the auxiliary pipe 8 is joined to the head pipe 1, the main pipe 2 is extrapolated to the auxiliary pipe 8 and joined to the head pipe 1, so that the oblique angle θ of the main pipe 2 to the head pipe 1 is small, and The welding position does not shift even when resistance welding is performed while pressing.
[0015]
In addition, since the above-mentioned pipe frame is made of titanium or a titanium alloy, it is light and strong, so that it can be a small-diameter, thin-walled pipe to obtain the required strength, and has excellent corrosion resistance and vibration absorption. Is large.
[0016]
【Example】
A target pipe is a JIS H4600 Gr3 titanium pipe (38.4 mm diameter x 2.0 mm thickness) head pipe and a JIS H4600 Gr4 titanium pipe (28.6 mm diameter x 0.9 mm thickness x 30 mm length). TIG welding was performed from the inner surface of the auxiliary pipe at an angle θ.
Next, a titanium pipe (31.8 mm diameter × 1.2 mm thickness) of JIS H4600 Gr4 was extrapolated to the auxiliary pipe as a main pipe, and resistance welding was performed with a welding device shown in FIG. In this case, the gap between the main pipe and the auxiliary pipe is 0.4 mm.
Resistance welding was performed at a current of 2000 A and a pressure of 40 kgf.
After welding, the appearance was inspected and cut to conduct an internal burr generation state and hardness test. Table 1 shows the results.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003583558
[0018]
As is evident from Table 1, at any oblique angle θ, a good appearance was obtained without generation of burrs or surface oxidation and no deviation during resistance welding. In addition, there was no burr generated on the inner surface, and the hardness of the joint was very satisfactory within the allowable range without much difference from the head pipe and the main pipe.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the joining method of the pipe frame structure of this invention, the joint structure does not need to be weld-finished, a good appearance, and a high-strength and sound joining structure , such as no displacement of a joint or generation of burrs. Can be provided with high efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a joint structure using a bicycle frame according to the present invention as an example.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1A.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a structural example of a bicycle frame.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an example of a resistance welding method for a pipe frame.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the main pipe joined to the head pipe at a joint end portion subjected to battering.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Head pipe 2 Main pipe 3 Lower electrode 4 Center electrode 5 Upper electrode 6 Weld metal receiving groove 7 Main pipe joint tip 8 Auxiliary pipe 9 Weld metal by arc welding 10 Weld metal by resistance welding

Claims (3)

ヘッドパイプに直交または斜交するメインパイプからなるフレームの接合方法において、短尺でメインパイプの内径より僅かに小さい外径の補助パイプを該補助パイプ内面から溶接でヘッドパイプに接合した後、メインパイプを補助パイプに外挿してヘッドパイプにメインパイプを当接して抵抗溶接することを特徴とするパイプフレーム構造体の接合方法。In a method of joining a frame consisting of a main pipe orthogonal or oblique to a head pipe, a short pipe having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the main pipe is welded to the head pipe from an inner surface of the auxiliary pipe, and then the main pipe is A method of joining a pipe frame structure, comprising extrapolating a main pipe into an auxiliary pipe and contacting the main pipe with a head pipe to perform resistance welding. 抵抗溶接は、ヘッドパイプに中芯電極を挿通すると共に、該中芯電極を上電極で下降可能に固定し、下電極でクランプされたメインパイプをヘッドパイプに接合された補助パイプに外挿して加圧しながら行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載のパイプフレーム構造体の接合方法。In resistance welding, the core electrode is inserted through the head pipe, the core electrode is fixed so as to be able to descend with the upper electrode, and the main pipe clamped with the lower electrode is extrapolated to the auxiliary pipe joined to the head pipe. 2. The method for joining pipe frame structures according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed while applying pressure. パイプ材料がチタンまたはチタン合金であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のパイプフレーム構造体の接合方法。The method for joining pipe frame structures according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pipe material is titanium or a titanium alloy.
JP25210496A 1996-09-24 1996-09-24 Pipe frame structure joining method Expired - Fee Related JP3583558B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI466797B (en) * 2010-05-14 2015-01-01 Specialized Bicycle Components Bicycle frame

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JP5911074B2 (en) * 2014-03-28 2016-04-27 本田技研工業株式会社 Manufacturing method for body frame of motorcycle
JP6057939B2 (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-01-11 本田技研工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of body frame of saddle riding type vehicle
USD958702S1 (en) 2020-08-05 2022-07-26 Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. Bicycle frame

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