JP2006088175A - Method for joining different materials - Google Patents

Method for joining different materials Download PDF

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JP2006088175A
JP2006088175A JP2004274251A JP2004274251A JP2006088175A JP 2006088175 A JP2006088175 A JP 2006088175A JP 2004274251 A JP2004274251 A JP 2004274251A JP 2004274251 A JP2004274251 A JP 2004274251A JP 2006088175 A JP2006088175 A JP 2006088175A
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aluminum
iron
zinc
welded material
laser
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JP4518892B2 (en
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Takeshi Matsumoto
松本　　剛
Seiji Sasabe
誠二 笹部
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for joining different materials where an aluminum-based welding material and an iron-based welding material can be laser-welded without using a brazing filler metal, and the different materials can be easily joined to each other at a low cost. <P>SOLUTION: An aluminum-based welding material (sheet 2) consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welding material (steel sheet 1) are laser-welded. The steel sheet 1 has a surface having a zinc-based coating layer (plating layer) formed of zinc or a zinc alloy, the aluminum-based sheet 2 is arranged on the side of a laser irradiation source, the aluminum-based sheet 2 and the steel sheet 1 are superimposed at their edges, and the superimposed part 3 is irradiated with laser light without using a brazing filler metal and flux. In this way, the zinc-based coating layer and the aluminum-based sheet are melted at the superimposed part 3, so as to join the aluminum-based sheet 2 and the steel sheet 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、自動車の各種構造材等として使用されるアルミニウム系材料と鉄系材料との複合構造体を得るための異材接合方法において、特に、ろう材及びフラックスを使用しない異材接合方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a dissimilar material joining method for obtaining a composite structure of an aluminum-based material and an iron-based material used as various structural materials for automobiles, and more particularly to a dissimilar material joining method that does not use brazing material and flux.

自動車の各種構造材は、その軽量化のために、一部アルミニウム系材料が使用されており、このため、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との異材同士を接合する方法の開発が要望されている。従来の異材接合方法としては、アルミニウム系のろう材を使用するろう付けが一般的である（特許文献１及び２、非特許文献１及び２）。同種材料同士を接合する方法として一般的に使用されているレーザ溶接等の溶融溶接方法を、アルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材との異材接合に適用すると、アルミニウム系材料と鉄系材料との界面に、Ａｌ３Ｆｅ等の脆いＡｌ−Ｆｅ系金属間化合物が生成し、これがアルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材との間の接合強度を著しく低下させるからである。 Various structural materials for automobiles use some aluminum-based materials to reduce their weight. For this reason, development of a method for joining different materials of iron-based materials and aluminum-based materials is desired. . As a conventional dissimilar material joining method, brazing using an aluminum brazing material is common (Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). When a fusion welding method such as laser welding, which is generally used as a method for joining the same kind of materials, is applied to dissimilar joining of an aluminum-based welded material and an iron-based welded material, an aluminum-based material and an iron-based material This is because a brittle Al—Fe-based intermetallic compound such as Al 3 Fe is formed at the interface between the aluminum-based weld and the joint strength between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material.

また、ろう付けではなく、スポット溶接によりアルミニウム系材料と鉄系材料とを接合する方法もある。更に、異種金属のレーザロール方法も提案されている（特許文献３）。この方法は、第１金属板のみをレーザ照射によって加熱した後、その第１金属板の加熱部を圧接ローラによって第２金属板に押圧して密着させ、塑性変形を与えることによって両金属板を接合するものである。   There is also a method of joining an aluminum material and an iron material by spot welding instead of brazing. Furthermore, a laser roll method of dissimilar metals has also been proposed (Patent Document 3). In this method, after heating only the first metal plate by laser irradiation, the heating portion of the first metal plate is pressed against the second metal plate by a pressure roller, and the two metal plates are subjected to plastic deformation. It is what is joined.

特開平７−１４８５７１号公報JP 7-148571 A 特開平１０−３１４９３３号公報JP 10-314933 A 特許第３５３５１５２号公報Japanese Patent No. 3535152 溶接学会論文集第２２巻第２号ｐ３１５−３２２（２００４）Journal of the Japan Welding Society Vol.22, No.2, p315-322 (2004)

しかしながら、上記従来の異材接合方法は、以下に示す欠点を有する。先ず、ろう付けによる異材接合方法は、アルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材との間に、ろう材を挿入する必要があるため、接合コストが高くなるという問題点がある。   However, the conventional dissimilar material joining method has the following drawbacks. First, the dissimilar material joining method by brazing has a problem that the joining cost increases because it is necessary to insert a brazing material between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material.

更に、スポット溶接の場合は、線接合ではなく、点接合であるため、接合点間の部分で、液体又は気体が通過するため、被接合材間を、空密的又は液密的に封止することができない。また、スポット溶接は、片面からのみ接合作業することができず、重ね部の両面に電極を配置する必要があるため、接合作業に制約がある。   Furthermore, in the case of spot welding, since it is not line bonding but point bonding, liquid or gas passes between the bonding points, so that the materials to be bonded are sealed airtight or liquidtight. Can not do it. In addition, spot welding cannot be joined only from one side, and it is necessary to arrange electrodes on both sides of the overlapped portion, so that there is a restriction on the joining work.

更にまた、ロール接合においては、異材同士をロールにより加圧する必要があり、大がかりな装置が必要であるという難点がある。   Furthermore, in roll joining, it is necessary to press different materials with a roll, and there exists a difficulty that a large-scale apparatus is required.

本発明はかかる問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、アルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材とを、ろう材を使用せずに、レーザ溶接することができ、容易かつ低コストで異材同士を接合することができる異材接合方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can easily and inexpensively weld an aluminum-based welded material and an iron-based welded material without using a brazing material. It aims at providing the different material joining method which can join dissimilar materials.

本発明に係る異材接合方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面に亜鉛又は亜鉛合金からなる亜鉛系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部にレーザ光を照射し、照射部で前記亜鉛系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする。   The dissimilar material joining method according to the present invention is a dissimilar material joining method in which an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material are laser-welded. The iron-based welded material has zinc or zinc on the surface thereof. Using a zinc-based coating layer made of an alloy, placing the aluminum-based welded material on the laser irradiation source side to form a lap joint on the iron-based welded material, The overlapping part with the iron-based welded material is irradiated with a laser beam, and the zinc-based coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material are melted at the irradiated part, so that the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material are It is characterized by joining without using brazing material and flux.

この異材接合方法において、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重ね代は、３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。また、前記レーザ光の波長は１．０６μｍ以下、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材の表面における照射部のエネルギ密度が１．０×１０６Ｗ／ｃｍ２以上、前記レーザ光のビーム径が４ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。 In this dissimilar material joining method, it is preferable that the overlap margin between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material is 3 mm or less. The wavelength of the laser beam is 1.06 μm or less, the energy density of the irradiated portion on the surface of the aluminum-based workpiece is 1.0 × 10 6 W / cm 2 or more, and the beam diameter of the laser beam is 4 mm or less. Preferably there is.

本発明によれば、ろうを使用せずにアルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接することができるので、容易且つ低コストで、また、大がかりな装置を使用せずに、異材同士を接合することができる。そして、本発明は、点接合ではなく、線接合であるので、異材同士を接合部が封密的になるように接合することができる。   According to the present invention, since it is possible to laser weld an aluminum-based welded material and an iron-based welded material without using a solder, it is easy and low-cost, and without using a large-scale apparatus, Different materials can be joined together. And since this invention is not point joining but wire joining, it can join dissimilar materials so that a junction part may become airtight.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について添付の図面を参照して具体的に説明する。図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る異材接合方法を示す斜視図、図２は接合部の断面図である。鉄系被溶接材としての鋼板１と、アルミニウム系（アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金）被溶接材としてのアルミニウム系板２とをその端部で重ね合わせ、重ね部３を、その端部に沿ってレーザにより溶接する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a dissimilar material joining method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a joining portion. A steel plate 1 as an iron-based welded material and an aluminum-based plate 2 as an aluminum-based (aluminum or aluminum alloy) welded material are overlapped at the end, and the overlapped portion 3 is laser-bonded along the end. Weld.

鋼板１には、その表面に亜鉛系（亜鉛又は亜鉛合金）被覆層４が被覆されている。この被覆層４は、溶融めっき又は溶射等の手段により形成することができる。この被覆層４は、純亜鉛又はアルミニウム、マグネシウム又は鉄等を含む亜鉛合金である。鋼板１としては、軟鋼、高張力鋼、ステンレス鋼等種々の鋼材を適用することができ、また、鉄系被溶接材としては、その形状は板材に限らず、形鋼等にも適用できる。   The surface of the steel plate 1 is coated with a zinc-based (zinc or zinc alloy) coating layer 4. This coating layer 4 can be formed by means such as hot dipping or thermal spraying. The covering layer 4 is pure zinc or a zinc alloy containing aluminum, magnesium, iron or the like. As the steel plate 1, various steel materials such as mild steel, high-tensile steel, and stainless steel can be applied. Further, as the iron-based welded material, the shape is not limited to the plate material, and can be applied to a shape steel or the like.

アルミニウム系板２としては、純アルミニウム及び種々のアルミニウム合金を適用することができる。また、アルミニウム系板２の形状としては、全体が板材である場合に限らず、重ね部３において、板状になっていればよく、種々の形状の形材等にも適用することができる。   As the aluminum-based plate 2, pure aluminum and various aluminum alloys can be applied. In addition, the shape of the aluminum-based plate 2 is not limited to the case where the whole is a plate material, but may be a plate shape in the overlapping portion 3 and can be applied to various shapes and the like.

重ね部３の重ね代は、３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。この重ね部３の重ね代が３ｍｍを超えると、鋼板１の端部における熱集中が弱くなり、鋼板１の表面の亜鉛系被覆層が溶融しにくくなる。このため、鋼板１とアルミニウム系板２との間の接合強度が低下する。よって、重ね部３の重ね代は３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。好ましくは、重ね代は３ｍｍ以下である。また、重ね代が小さすぎると、接合部の強度が得られないので、好ましくは、重ね代は２ｍｍ以上である。   The overlap margin of the overlap portion 3 is preferably 3 mm or less. If the overlap margin of the overlap portion 3 exceeds 3 mm, the heat concentration at the end of the steel plate 1 becomes weak, and the zinc-based coating layer on the surface of the steel plate 1 becomes difficult to melt. For this reason, the joint strength between the steel plate 1 and the aluminum-based plate 2 is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable that the overlap margin of the overlap portion 3 is 3 mm or less. Preferably, the overlap margin is 3 mm or less. Moreover, since the intensity | strength of a junction part cannot be obtained when an overlap margin is too small, Preferably, an overlap margin is 2 mm or more.

また、レーザ光の波長は１．０６μｍ以下であることが好ましい。そして、アルミニウム系板２の表面におけるレーザ光照射部のエネルギ密度が１．０×１０６Ｗ／ｃｍ２以上、レーザ光のビーム径が４ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。この範囲を外れると、アルミニウム系板２の蒸発が起こるキーホール型加熱となり、アルミニウム系板２の鋼板１に対する溶融溶接が適切に行われにくい。このため、レーザ光の照射条件は、上述の範囲が好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable that the wavelength of a laser beam is 1.06 micrometer or less. And it is preferable that the energy density of the laser beam irradiation part in the surface of the aluminum-type board 2 is 1.0 * 10 < 6 > W / cm < 2 > or more, and the beam diameter of a laser beam is 4 mm or less. Outside this range, it becomes keyhole type heating in which the aluminum-based plate 2 evaporates, and it is difficult for the aluminum-based plate 2 to be properly welded to the steel plate 1. For this reason, the above-mentioned range is preferable for the laser light irradiation conditions.

次に、本実施形態の異材接合方法の動作について説明する。先ず、アルミニウム系板２をレーザ光の照射源側に配置して、その端部を鋼板１の端部上に重ね、重ね部３に重ね隅肉継手を構成する。そして、図２に示すように、この重ね部３にＹＡＧ等のレーザ光を照射すると、レーザ光による熱伝導型加熱によって、アルミニウム系板２が部分的に溶融すると共に、鋼板１の表面に形成された亜鉛系被覆層４が溶融し、安定した品質の異材接合継手を容易に得ることができる。この鋼板１はその表面に亜鉛系被覆層が形成されているので、レーザ光の照射によりアルミニウム系板２と共に亜鉛系被覆層４も溶融するため、両被溶接材は、極めて親和性が高く、安定した溶接接合継手が得られる。鋼板１の表面の亜鉛被覆層４は、アルミニウム系板２の端部が溶融して得られるアルミニウム系溶融金属と、溶加材が溶融したアルミニウム系溶融金属との濡れ性が良いため、溶融金属が鋼板１の表面に広く広がり、安定した品質の継手を得ることができる。   Next, the operation of the dissimilar material joining method of this embodiment will be described. First, the aluminum-based plate 2 is arranged on the laser beam irradiation source side, and its end portion is overlapped on the end portion of the steel plate 1, and a lap fillet joint is formed on the overlap portion 3. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, when this overlapping portion 3 is irradiated with a laser beam such as YAG, the aluminum-based plate 2 is partially melted and formed on the surface of the steel plate 1 by the heat conduction type heating by the laser beam. The made zinc-based coating layer 4 melts, and a dissimilar joint joint with stable quality can be easily obtained. Since the zinc-based coating layer is formed on the surface of the steel plate 1, the zinc-based coating layer 4 is melted together with the aluminum-based plate 2 by the irradiation of the laser beam. Therefore, both the welded materials have extremely high affinity, A stable welded joint can be obtained. Since the zinc coating layer 4 on the surface of the steel plate 1 has good wettability between the aluminum-based molten metal obtained by melting the end of the aluminum-based plate 2 and the aluminum-based molten metal obtained by melting the filler material, the molten metal Spreads widely on the surface of the steel sheet 1, and a stable quality joint can be obtained.

なお、鋼板１の下面側からレーザ光を照射しても、亜鉛系被覆層（めっき層）は溶融するものの、アルミニウム系板２は温度が低いため溶融しない。このため、両者を接合することができない。   Even if the laser beam is irradiated from the lower surface side of the steel plate 1, the zinc-based coating layer (plating layer) melts, but the aluminum-based plate 2 does not melt because the temperature is low. For this reason, both cannot be joined.

以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。図１に示す重ね隅肉継手を構成した。供試材は、アルミニウム系板２がＪＩＳＡ５１８２Ｐ−Ｏ材であり、その板厚は１ｍｍである。鋼板１はアルミニウムめっき鋼板であり、板厚は１ｍｍである。アルミニウムめっき層のめっき量は、１２０ｇ／ｃｍ２であった。一方、比較例としては、めっきを施さない鋼板（板厚１ｍｍ）を使用した。 Examples of the present invention will be described below. The lap fillet joint shown in FIG. 1 was constructed. In the test material, the aluminum-based plate 2 is a JIS A5182P-O material, and the plate thickness is 1 mm. The steel plate 1 is an aluminized steel plate, and the plate thickness is 1 mm. The plating amount of the aluminum plating layer was 120 g / cm 2 . On the other hand, as a comparative example, a steel plate (plate thickness: 1 mm) not subjected to plating was used.

図１に示すように、アルミニウム系板２と鋼板１の両端部を重ねあわせ、アルミニウム系板２側から、ＹＡＧレーザを使用してアルミニウム系板２が熱伝導型となる溶融加熱を行った。レーザ溶接条件は、出力が２．０ｋＷ、溶接速度が０．６ｍ／分とした。また、重ね代は、１ｍｍから１ｍｍピッチで５ｍｍまで変更した。   As shown in FIG. 1, both ends of the aluminum-based plate 2 and the steel plate 1 were overlapped, and from the aluminum-based plate 2 side, melt heating was performed using the YAG laser so that the aluminum-based plate 2 became a heat conduction type. The laser welding conditions were an output of 2.0 kW and a welding speed of 0.6 m / min. Moreover, the overlap margin was changed from 1 mm to 5 mm at a 1 mm pitch.

このようにしてレーザ溶接した重ね隅肉継手について、ＪＩＳ Ｚ２２０１ ５号試験片に加工した後、引張試験を行った。引張破断強度及び破断位置を下記表１に示す。但し、表１の評価欄において、◎は「とくに良好に接合」、○は「接合」、×は「全く接合せず」を示す。   The lap fillet joint thus laser welded was processed into a JIS Z2201 No. 5 test piece and then subjected to a tensile test. The tensile strength at break and the break position are shown in Table 1 below. However, in the evaluation column of Table 1, ◎ indicates “particularly well bonded”, ◯ indicates “bonded”, and x indicates “not bonded at all”.

Figure 2006088175
Figure 2006088175

この表１に示すように、亜鉛系被覆層（めっき層）４を有しない比較例７乃至１２の場合は、鋼板とアルミニウム系板とが直接接触しているので、レーザ光を照射しても、重ね部で溶融接合が生じることはない。   As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Examples 7 to 12 having no zinc-based coating layer (plating layer) 4, the steel plate and the aluminum-based plate are in direct contact with each other. In addition, melt bonding does not occur in the overlapping portion.

これに対し、実施例１乃至３は亜鉛系被覆層（めっき層）を有すると共に、重ね代が１乃至３ｍｍであるので、接合部の強度が十分に高く、破断位置がアルミニウム系板２のバルクであった。なお、実施例４乃至６は、接合しているものの、重ね代が請求項２の範囲を超えているため、接合部の強度が低く、接合界面で破断した。   On the other hand, Examples 1 to 3 have a zinc-based coating layer (plating layer) and have an overlap margin of 1 to 3 mm, so that the strength of the joint is sufficiently high and the fracture position is the bulk of the aluminum-based plate 2. Met. Although Examples 4 to 6 were joined, the overlap margin exceeded the range of Claim 2, so the strength of the joined portion was low and fractured at the joining interface.

本発明の実施形態に係る異材接合方法を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the different material joining method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 同じくその接合部の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the junction part similarly.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：鋼板（鉄系被溶接材）
２：アルミニウム系板（アルミニウム系被溶接材）
３：重ね部
４：亜鉛系被覆層 1: Steel plate (iron-based welded material)
2: Aluminum-based plate (aluminum-based welded material)
3: Overlapping part 4: Zinc-based coating layer

Claims (3)

アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面に亜鉛又は亜鉛合金からなる亜鉛系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部にレーザ光を照射し、照射部で前記亜鉛系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする異材接合方法。 In the dissimilar material joining method of laser welding an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material, the iron-based welded material has a zinc-based coating layer made of zinc or a zinc alloy on the surface thereof. A lap joint is formed on the iron-based welded material by arranging the aluminum-based welded material on the laser irradiation source side, and the overlap between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material The part is irradiated with laser light, and the zinc-based coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material are melted at the irradiated part, so that the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material are not used brazing material and flux. Dissimilar material joining method characterized by joining to a metal. 前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重ね代は、３ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の異材接合方法。 2. The dissimilar material joining method according to claim 1, wherein an overlap margin between the aluminum-based workpiece and the iron-based workpiece is 3 mm or less. 前記レーザ光の波長は１．０６μｍ以下、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材の表面における照射部のエネルギ密度が１．０×１０６Ｗ／ｃｍ２以上、前記レーザ光のビーム径が４ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の異材接合方法。 The wavelength of the laser beam is 1.06 μm or less, the energy density of the irradiated portion on the surface of the aluminum-based workpiece is 1.0 × 10 6 W / cm 2 or more, and the beam diameter of the laser beam is 4 mm or less. The dissimilar material joining method according to claim 1 or 2.
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WO2012164839A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 パナソニック株式会社 Laser welding component and method for manufacturing same
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CN110681935A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-01-14 西南交通大学 Laser self-melting brazing method for aluminum alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal

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