JP3804045B2 - Waste treatment method and waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste transfer method and a transfer device thereof in a fermentation facility capable of producing raw cement fuel and compost.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, combustible waste such as municipal waste has been incinerated. The waste collected by the garbage truck and transported to the incineration site is once stored in a large pool and put into the incinerator by a crane. In order to incinerate waste that is intermittently carried, it is inevitable to store it in a pool.
FIG. 2 shows the vicinity of a garbage pit 51 for supplying organic waste such as garbage to the garbage incineration plant 50. The garbage pit 51 is provided with a large pool 53 for accommodating garbage 52 adjacent thereto. A shutter 54 is provided between the pit 51 and the upper edge of the pool 53. When the garbage truck 55 arrives at the pit 51, the shutter 54 is opened and closed when the pit 51 is an empty car.
A crane support beam 57 that can move in the front-rear direction (depth direction in the drawing) is suspended in the upper part of the pit 51, and a lifting device 58 that can move in the lateral direction of the support beam 57 passes through the pit 51. An excavator 59 that can move up and down is suspended.
With such a configuration, the garbage 52 gripped by the excavator 59 is moved by the crane 56 and incinerated by an incineration facility (not shown).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Waste stored in the pool rots and generates sewage with a bad odor. Also, in order to prevent the spread of odors, it is installed in a building maintained at a lower pressure than the atmosphere, and the exhaust from the building is blown into the incinerator to thermally decompose the odors, or the odors are removed by a deodorizer and removed from the atmosphere. Released into. Sewage is also sprayed into the incinerator and the source of malodor is pyrolyzed.
As described above, conventionally, a large building with a large pool and crane installed inside is required, and in order to maintain this at a lower pressure than the atmosphere, a large-capacity blower fan and its power source are required. It required crane operation personnel and sewage treatment equipment, and also required human and equipment costs.
[0004]
On the other hand, the amount of organic waste such as raw garbage is increasing, and many attempts have been made regarding its effective treatment method and reuse method. As one method, it has been proposed to ferment organic waste using a rotary fermenter and compost it. On the other hand, in a cement manufacturing plant, it has been proposed to use an idle kiln owned by a cement manufacturing plant as a rotary fermenter to ferment organic waste and use it as a raw material or fuel for cement (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-191059). ).
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a waste processing method and a waste processing facility in a fermentation facility that suppresses generation of a strange odor as much as possible and is easy to clean.
[0005]
In order to achieve the above object, the waste treatment method of the present invention adjusts the operating speed of the waste treatment apparatus according to the intermittent fluctuation of the amount of waste carried into the waste treatment apparatus. In the waste treatment method, wherein the waste treatment apparatus is operated continuously, and the waste carried from the garbage truck is introduced into the waste treatment apparatus within 24 hours. the waste is carried from the vehicle, was poured into the bucket directly from garbage truck, the bucket is conveyed by the bucket conveyor means, in which so as to put waste into waste disposal device from the bucket.
The waste treatment method of the present invention is also a waste treatment method in which a rotary drum-type fermentation treatment device is used as the waste treatment device, and the rotational speed of the rotary drum is adjusted according to the input amount of waste. In the above, the waste fermented by the operation of the rotating drum is fermented to a fermented state (half day to 2 days, preferably 12 hours to 36 hours) that can not be used as compost but can be used as a raw material for cement production. As it is, it is taken out from the rotating drum and used as raw material for cement production.
[0006]
The waste treatment facility of the present invention comprises a transport means for transporting waste, and a waste treatment apparatus for receiving waste from the transport means. Further, the transport speed of the transport means and the waste treatment In a waste treatment facility provided with a control means for adjusting the waste treatment speed of the apparatus, the transport means is attached to a bucket into which waste is directly input from a garbage truck, and the bucket is detachably attached. And a bucket conveying means adapted to convey .
[0007]
Examples of the waste treatment apparatus include an incinerator and an organic waste recycling apparatus. Examples of the organic waste recycling apparatus include a fermentation processing apparatus, a solid fuel (RDF) conversion apparatus, a carbonized fuel conversion apparatus, and a gasification fuel conversion apparatus. There are devices.
In the present specification, the term “waste” is a concept including the following processing objects.
Organic sludge: Sewage sludge, human waste sludge (septic tank sludge, agricultural settlement wastewater sludge), food industry wastewater sludge, blue-green sludge, etc. are included in this category.
Food processing residue: Beer ground, shochu ground, okara (tofu ground), sugar residue, fruit juice residue, coffee grounds, tea grounds, livestock residue, etc. are included in this category.
Forest residue, plant residue: Pulp waste liquor, bark, sawdust, chip dust, pruned branches, bagasse, rice husk, straw, etc. are included in this category.
Domestic waste: This category includes food (food waste), city-collected combustible waste, and business-related combustible waste.
Livestock waste: Livestock manure, bird droppings, etc. are included in this category.
Marine waste: Fish iliac, dead fish, etc. are included in this category.
Furthermore, waste plastic, glass, earth and stone, etc. are also included.
Mixtures of two or more of those listed above are also included in the concept of waste.
Moreover, the “raw fuel for cement production” in the present invention is a concept including raw materials and fuels used for cement production. However, when the term “raw fuel for cement production” is used, this term is used even when only one of raw material and fuel is indicated.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a waste disposal method and a waste disposal facility according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a waste treatment facility 1 according to the present invention. The waste treatment facility 1 includes a building 2, a bucket elevator 4 disposed in the building 2, and a resource recycling device 5 provided in the building 2 as main facilities. The building 2 is provided with a pit 7 for accommodating the garbage truck 6 on the entrance side. A bucket housing portion 8 is disposed adjacent to the pit 7 at a position lower than the reference plane of the pit 7, and the bucket housing portion 8 is provided with a bucket 9 for storing waste and other waste. Yes. In addition, shutters 10a and 10b that open and close up and down are provided between the entrance of the pit 7 and between the bucket housing portion 8 and the pit 7, and these shutters 10a and 10b are all closed when the pit 7 is empty. It has been. When the garbage truck 6 enters the pit 7 and discards the waste in the bucket 9, one shutter 10a is closed, the other shutter 10b is opened, and the shutters 10a and 10b are simultaneously opened. Is not opened so that there is no circulation of outside air with the building 2. The building 2 is almost sealed when the shutter 10 is closed.
[0009]
The bucket elevator 4 is disposed in the building 2 and can move the bucket 9 in the vertical direction of the building 2 by winding up a rope or chain with a motor or the like. Further, the bucket elevator 4 can slide the bucket 9 in the lateral direction in the upper part of the building 2. Further, a tilting means for the bucket 9 (not shown) is provided on the inlet side of the resource recycling apparatus 5. Therefore, the bucket 9 is tilted toward the resource recycling apparatus 5 to drop the waste. Next, the bucket 9 is configured to stand upright, slide in the opposite direction, and lowered to return the bucket 9 to the original position of the bucket housing portion 8. The number of buckets 9 can be one or more in the bucket elevator 4. The bucket 9 can use a bucket conveyor instead of the bucket elevator 4.
[0010]
An exhaust line A is connected to the outside of the building 2. The exhaust line A is connected to the exhaust wind turbine 11 provided in the building 2 from the upstream side toward the downstream side, the deodorizer 12 provided outside the building 2, and opening and closing. The valve 13 and the exhaust fan 14 are connected in order through a duct. This exhaust line A sucks in the air of the building 2 by the exhaust windmill 11 and lowers its internal pressure, and the deodorizer 12 can adsorb or decompose a bad odor generated from garbage etc. to make it odorless or suppress it. . The exhaust fan 14 serves to release the deodorized air to the atmosphere.
[0011]
A pusher 15 that pushes garbage into the recycling apparatus 5 is disposed at the waste inlet of the recycling apparatus 5. As this pusher 15, for example, a combination of a cylinder and a piston using a driving source such as hydraulic pressure can be used.
The resource-recycling device 5 is a cylindrical rotary drum fermentation device, supported by a support roller (not shown), and rotated by a rotating means. Generally, the rotary kiln used for cement manufacture protects the inner wall with a lining brick in order to maintain the fire resistance when the cement is fired. However, when diverting to the resource recycling apparatus 5 according to the present embodiment, this lining brick is removed. By removing this lining brick, when the waste is put into the resource recycling apparatus 5 for processing, the waste can be easily moved and the energy consumption for rotating the rotating drum is greatly reduced. Moreover, it becomes easy to attach the stirring equipment and the partition plate.
[0012]
The resource-recycling device 5 has an inner diameter of 2 to 7 m after the removal of the lining brick, and is preferably installed with an inclination of 0.5 to 6.0%, preferably 0.8 to 1.6%. is there.
Further, the resource recycling apparatus 5 covers the periphery with a heat insulating material. This is for the purpose of maintaining the heat when fermenting the raw material for fermentation and promoting and homogenizing the fermentation. The part to be covered is preferably the entire outer wall length of the resource recycling apparatus 5. As the heat insulating material, it is preferable to use a light and heat insulating material such as rock wool or glass wool and coat the outer wall of the resource recycling apparatus 5 with an appropriate thickness.
[0013]
The interior of the resource recycling apparatus 5 according to the present embodiment is partitioned into 4 to 5 chambers by a partition plate. In normal operation, when composting the waste, it usually stays in the recycling apparatus 5 for 3 days. The partition plate has a structure capable of securing the ventilation while blocking the waste that is the object to be processed, that is, a slit-like, perforated plate-like structure or the like. In addition to the above, an agitation facility, a heating facility, or a facility for moving a processed product built in a conventional rotary drum type fermentation apparatus can be appropriately attached as necessary.
The resource recycling apparatus 5 may be singular or plural. The resource recycling apparatus 5 is provided with a control device (not shown), and the control device monitors the transport speed of the bucket elevator 4, the amount of waste input from the bucket 9, and the waste processing speed of the resource recovery device 5. It is possible to adjust the amount of waste input to the gasification apparatus 5. When there are a plurality of resource recycling apparatuses 5 and bucket elevators 4 respectively, the control apparatus is configured to be able to perform comprehensive control.
[0014]
On the downstream side of the resource recycling apparatus 5, there are provided a crusher 16 for crushing the fermented product of waste and a sorter 17 for selecting and removing metals such as iron, stainless steel, and aluminum from the fermented product. Is provided with a storage tank 18 for storing fermented products. A firing kiln 19 and a clinker cooler 20 are provided on the downstream side of the storage tank 18. The firing kiln 19 is for firing the cement raw material, and the clinker cooler 20 is for cooling the clinker which is a fired product.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the fermentation facility waste transfer apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the garbage truck 6 arrives at the pit 7, the shutter 10 is opened and waste is dropped from the garbage truck 6 to the bucket 9. Even in a state where the shutter 10 is opened, the building 2 drives the exhaust wind turbine 11 so that the off-flavor does not leak out of the building 2 and lowers the internal pressure thereof to the atmosphere. Since the building 2 uses the bucket elevator 4, its site area and volume are small, and the exhaust wind turbine 11 and the exhaust fan 14 can be downsized. Next, the bucket 9 is transferred to the upper side of the building 2 by the bucket elevator 4, and the waste is dropped from the bucket 9 to the inlet of the recycling apparatus 5. Waste is pushed into the resource recycling apparatus 5 by the pusher 15 at this inlet.
[0016]
As described above, in the resource recycling apparatus 5 as a fermentation treatment apparatus, primary fermentation treatment is performed to compost organic waste, or fermentation treatment is performed to use the organic waste as a raw material or fuel for cement. be able to.
In the former, as the primary fermentation treatment for composting waste, it is preferable that the waste stay in the resource recycling apparatus 5 under aerobic conditions for 2 to 3 days, and more preferably stay for 3 days. . The fermented processed product staying in the recycling apparatus 5 for 2 to 3 days has almost no odor. Moreover, since the temperature in a kiln is maintained at about 60 degreeC with the heat | fever which generate | occur | produces by fermentation, propagation of miscellaneous bacteria, such as coliform bacteria, is suppressed, and it will be in the state suitable for the secondary fermentation process for composting.
In the latter, the rotation speed of the resource-recycling device 5 is increased, and the primary fermentation process ends between half a day and 2 days (preferably 12 hours or more and 36 hours or less). In this case, although the odor remains in the fermented product, the bag in which the waste was stored at the time of charging is broken into pieces of several cm square, and the paper waste absorbs moisture and is about several cm pieces. Therefore, even if it does not lead to composting, it is processed to a property that can be used as a raw material fuel for cement production. The semi-fermented product that is not composted discharged from the resource recycling apparatus 5 is temporarily stored in the storage tank 18 via the crusher 16 and the sorter 17 on the downstream side, and then baked in the baking kiln 19. .
It is also possible to suppress the propagation of miscellaneous bacteria such as coliform bacteria by inserting the residual heat of the cement firing kiln into the resource recycling apparatus 5 and heating it, and composting by secondary fermentation treatment.
[0017]
Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
[Example 1]
A present Example demonstrates concretely the fermentation processing method by the resource-recycling apparatus 5 for using organic wastes, such as garbage, as a raw fuel of cement.
Residence time of garbage etc. in the resource recycling apparatus 5 shown in FIG. In addition, the time from when raw garbage or the like is dropped into the bucket 9 from the garbage disposal vehicle 6 to when it is put into the resource recycling apparatus 5 is within 24 hours at maximum including during the transportation of the bucket elevator 4. This is because if the garbage is stored for 24 hours or more, a bad odor is generated due to decay. As a general rule, the residence time of garbage or the like in the bucket 9 is within 1 hour, more preferably within 20 minutes.
[0018]
As one method, when the residence time of the garbage etc. of the resource recycling apparatus 5 is made constant, the amount of waste discharged from the garbage truck 6 is matched with the residence time and stays in the bucket elevator 4 or the bucket 9. Adjust the time constant.
As another method, when the amount of garbage etc. thrown into the resource recycling apparatus 5 is not constant, the rotational speed of the resource recycling apparatus 5 is varied according to the amount of the garbage. However, the residence time of the garbage etc. of the resource recycling apparatus 5 shall be half a day to two days in any method, and the transportation time of the garbage etc. in the building 2 shall be within one hour. Thus, the off-flavor generated in the building 2 can be minimized. Moreover, since residence time of garbage etc. is a half day-two days, processing time can be shortened rather than making it compost, and the processing amount of garbage etc. increases. By using the bucket elevator 4, the size of the building 2 can be reduced, generation of a strange odor in the building 2 can be suppressed as much as possible, and the exhaust wind turbine 11, the exhaust fan 14, or the deodorizer 12 can be downsized.
The bucket 9 can be easily separated from the bucket elevator 4 and can be easily washed, and the generation of a strange odor can be further suppressed, which is preferable in terms of hygiene.
The semi-fermented product that is not composted discharged from the resource recycling apparatus 5 by the above method is temporarily stored in the storage tank 18 via the crusher 16 and the sorter 17 on the downstream side, and then the baking kiln. 19 is fired.
[0019]
[Example 2]
A method for composting garbage etc. will be described in detail.
In the present embodiment, the residence time of garbage etc. in the resource recycling apparatus 5 is 2 to 3 days. The residence time of garbage etc. in the building 2 is set to 1 hour as a target and within 24 hours at the maximum. Then, the residence time in the bucket elevator 4 or the bucket 9 is adjusted to be constant in accordance with the residence time of garbage etc. in the resource recycling apparatus 5. As described above, the primary fermentation treatment product in which the growth of various bacteria is suppressed by the waste staying for 2 to 3 days under aerobic conditions has almost no odor and the secondary fermentation treatment for composting. It becomes a suitable state.
The fermented processed product discharged from the resource recycling apparatus 5 is stored in a storage yard (not shown) via a downstream crusher 16 and a sorter 17, and is secondary for 1-3 months with appropriate ventilation and / or stirring. Fermentation (aging) is performed. The fermented product is used as compost. In addition, it is of course possible to put it into the firing kiln 19 as a part of the cement preparation raw material.
[0020]
Even in this case, the size of the building 2 is reduced by using the bucket elevator 4, and the generation of a strange odor in the building 2 is suppressed as much as possible, and the exhaust wind turbine 11, the exhaust fan 14, or the deodorizer 12 is downsized. be able to.
In addition, as a method that combines the above-described Example 1 and Example 2, a process that creates a stay for 2 to 3 days in the resource recycling apparatus 5 and a process that stays for half a day to 2 days are alternately created. It may be composted or used as a raw material for cement. By doing so, the conventional composting treatment equipment required about 3 days of treatment, so it was not possible to adequately cope with fluctuations in the amount of waste carried in, but composting and conversion to cement firing raw fuel Combining with the treatment, a wide range of waste can be handled.
[0021]
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. Of course, the present invention can be variously changed and modified based on the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, as a waste transport and input device, waste does not spill out or sewage does not leak out. Therefore, it is preferable to use a bucket elevator to input into the resource recycling device. The conveying and charging device is not limited to the bucket elevator, but can also be implemented by direct loading into a resource recycling device by a hopper or by a normal belt conveyor.
Further, the deodorizer 12 may be disposed in the building 2, and either one of the shutters 10 a and 10 b provided in the pit 7 can be omitted.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the pool for storing the waste in the building is abolished, and instead of transporting the waste by the transport means of the waste, the transport time is shortened. Thus, the off-flavor generated due to the decay of waste can be minimized. Moreover, if the residence time of the waste in the fermentation treatment apparatus is half a day to two days, the treatment time can be shortened compared to composting, and the amount of waste fermentation treatment increases.
If the transport means is a bucket elevator that can transport waste in the vertical direction, it is possible to reduce the installation area of the building and to reduce the size of the fan that discharges air containing a strange odor.
In addition, the waste disposal apparatus is a rotating drum, and by appropriately adjusting the processing speed, the waste processing apparatus is made to stay alternately for 2 to 3 days and the one that stays for half a day to 2 days. Depending on the situation, composting or making it a raw material for cement has made it possible to respond sufficiently to fluctuations in the amount of waste brought in, and a wide range of responses has become possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a waste transfer device in a fermentation facility according to an embodiment of the present invention and a cement facility attached thereto; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional waste disposal site.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fermentation equipment 2 Building 4 Bucket elevator 5 Recycling device 6 Garbage truck 7 Pit 8 Bucket accommodating part 9 Bucket 10 Shutter 11 Exhaust windmill 12 Deodorizer 13 Opening valve 14 Exhaust fan 16 Crusher 17 Sorter 18 Storage tank 19 Firing kiln 20 Clinker cooler

Claims (3)

Depending on the intermittent carrying amount of fluctuation of the waste is carried to a waste processing apparatus, by adjusting the operating speed of the waste disposal apparatus, so as to operate the waste disposal apparatus continuously, garbage trucks In the waste processing method in which the waste that is carried in is put into the waste processing apparatus within 24 hours,
The waste carried from the garbage truck is put directly into the bucket from the garbage truck, the bucket is transported by the bucket transport means, and the waste is thrown into the waste treatment device from the bucket <br> A waste treatment method characterized by the above. Depending on the intermittent carrying amount of fluctuation of the waste is carried to a waste processing apparatus, by adjusting the operating speed of the waste disposal apparatus, so as to operate the waste disposal device continuously, the waste In the waste treatment method using a rotary drum-type fermentation treatment device as a waste treatment device, and adjusting the rotational speed of the rotary drum according to the amount of waste input,
The waste fermented by the operation of the rotating drum is not used as compost but is fermented to a fermented state that can be used as a raw material for cement production. A waste disposal method characterized by the above . A transporting means for transporting waste, and a waste processing apparatus for receiving waste from the transporting means, and further adjusting the transport speed of the transporting means and the waste processing speed of the waste processing apparatus. In a waste treatment facility provided with a control means ,
The conveying means includes a bucket into which waste is directly input from a garbage truck, and a bucket conveying means that is detachably attached to the bucket and conveys the bucket. Waste treatment facility.

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