CN112570417A - Mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage - Google Patents
Mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112570417A CN112570417A CN202011242625.0A CN202011242625A CN112570417A CN 112570417 A CN112570417 A CN 112570417A CN 202011242625 A CN202011242625 A CN 202011242625A CN 112570417 A CN112570417 A CN 112570417A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage, and relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment. The invention adopts primary crushing and mechanical transportation to form a pore structure beneficial to biological drying, realizes the free transfer of the moisture of the household garbage by utilizing the biological drying process, and then removes the surface water of the household garbage by adopting a mechanical extrusion mode, thereby realizing the effective solid-liquid separation of the household garbage. The product produced by the mechanical biological pretreatment is suitable for the cement kiln collaborative incineration disposal or the grate furnace incineration disposal. The invention is organically connected with the incineration system, can realize the harmlessness and cleanness of the pretreatment process, improves the quality of the garbage, and realizes the resource, reduction and harmlessness utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of domestic garbage treatment, in particular to a mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural domestic garbage.
Background
With the development of the urbanization process in China and the construction of new cities and towns under the transformation of new normal economy, domestic garbage from cities and towns brings severe social and environmental pressure to China, at present, domestic garbage disposal mainly takes sanitary landfill and incineration power generation as main treatment, and the development trend, the application conditions and the range are gradually and increasingly clarified.
As a mainstream method of domestic garbage, sanitary landfill is taken as a main stream method of domestic garbage, along with multiple factors such as standardization of environmental laws and regulations, development of urbanization process, long-term influence of waste water and waste gas treatment and the like, the total quantity of the domestic garbage treated by adopting a landfill mode is in a trend of descending year by year, and along with the progress of domestic garbage treatment and cooperative treatment process technology and the improvement of a domestic garbage collection and transportation management system, the essential link of sanitary landfill as domestic garbage terminal treatment becomes a supplement of other treatment process technical means.
The disposal of the domestic garbage by adopting a domestic garbage incineration mode is directly limited by the quality of the domestic garbage. As a public theory of waste incineration disposal, the method is measured and calculated by taking waste entering an incinerator as a reference, and the household garbage with the low-level received basic heat value below 800kcal/kg cannot form self-stable combustion from the theoretical calculation angle; the low-level domestic garbage with the basic heat value of over 860kcal/kg can be stably combusted in the operation of an actual factory, but the compliance standard of the smoke emission cannot be realized; the low-level domestic garbage with the basic calorific value of over 1200kcal/kg can realize the self-maintenance of the combustion stability at over 850 ℃; the domestic garbage with the low-level received basic heat value of more than 1400kcal/kg is only economically valuable to recycle heat and electricity. Compared with the construction of a perfect garbage classification management system in developed countries, due to the influence of a plurality of factors such as construction and operation of urban and rural domestic garbage in China, the domestic garbage collection is mainly in a mixed collection mode, and the domestic garbage incineration disposal is restricted by the characteristics of high moisture, large ash content, low heat value, low valuable resource recovery ratio and the like.
In the domestic waste incineration power generation industry of China, a domestic waste fermentation technology is adopted, the domestic waste is stored in a storage pit for 5-10 days, the effects of gravity accumulation of the domestic waste, the degradation process of microorganisms on perishable organic matters, anaerobism and facultative microorganisms on decomposition of large tissue organic molecules to form colloidal particle wall breaking and the like are utilized, tissue moisture and other liquid compounds are dripped out, the moisture content of the garbage entering the incinerator is reduced, the lower calorific value of the garbage entering the incinerator is effectively improved, and the heat utilization efficiency of combustion is improved.
Traditional rubbish hydroextractor is with the motor drives the rotatory mode of spiral, rotates the conversion through the spiral and realizes the dehydration to rubbish extrusion, and this kind of mode shortcoming has: low dehydration efficiency, easy blockage, low production capacity and lower adaptability, and can only meet the smaller requirement of the yield.
Chinese patent CN201610394156.1 discloses a biological drying and dewatering method and system for household garbage, which mainly comprises garbage pretreatment, and the realization mode is aerobic fermentation and heat dissipation by fermentation for self drying and dewatering; the method is suitable for projects which do not need to store garbage, and has the defects of small garbage storage capacity, complex process, odor generation, secondary treatment and unstable water content of finished garbage.
In conclusion, the invention designs a mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural domestic garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural domestic garbage, which fundamentally realizes the purposes of improving the heat value of the dried garbage and eliminating or reducing the emission level of secondary pollutants in the pretreatment process, realizes the cleanness of the pretreatment process and the improvement of the garbage quality through the organic connection with an incineration system, and realizes the purposes of recycling, reduction and harmless utilization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) screening the receiving categories of the household garbage: a urban and rural domestic waste mechanical biological pretreatment method, need to finish the construction of the urban and rural domestic waste transfer system by government or third party's supporting, if the ones that set up and set up perfect domestic waste classification management system then is more suitable for the implementation of this invention;
(2) domestic waste collection and transportation: the compressed garbage transport vehicle or the existing garbage transport vehicle is adopted to refit a sealed vehicle for transporting the domestic garbage to a factory, a garbage unloading hall adopts a negative pressure extraction device interlocked with an in-and-out gate to carry out directional control on peculiar smell in the garbage unloading process, and the domestic garbage is unloaded into a garbage storage room in the unloading hall with static pressure controlled between-5 Pa and-30 Pa; closing the inner side gate of the unloading hall after unloading is finished, and closing the negative pressure extraction device in a delayed manner after the vehicle exits the unloading hall; an anti-collision pier is arranged in front of the unloading hall door, and the reasonable height of the storage pit car stop is determined according to the specific condition of the conveying vehicle; pit deodorizing air pipes are arranged at the top and the middle of the pit, so that the negative pressure effect of the unloading hall is facilitated; the pipeline valve of the pit deodorization air pipe adopts a butterfly valve, so that air leakage is avoided.
(3) Mechanical crushing: the hydraulic grab bucket that adopts the driving configuration carries out the feed of rubbish, turns over buttress and transfer in domestic waste storehouse, carries out domestic waste's breakage, broken bag through gyration shear type low-speed breaker, and broken granularity control is 90% <200mm, and the breaker sets up the material device of spitting out of non-breakable thing, transports through regularly collecting and deals with separately. A permanent magnet deironing device can be arranged at the downstream of the crusher to recycle the iron component in the domestic garbage;
(4) biological drying: the method comprises the steps that a pit is internally provided with a stack turning device through periodic work of a grab bucket, an air distribution pipeline and a steady-flow cobblestone cushion layer are arranged at the bottom of the pit for drying and oxygen supply, percolate back-spraying is adopted to control the temperature and humidity of a garbage stack, the stack temperature is used for monitoring and controlling ventilation of the pit, stack turning and bottom air blowing operation of the stack, and the rapid directional growth of microorganisms on a household garbage stack is ensured through the above technical measures, so that the microbial colony activity which takes aerobic and anaerobic facultative microorganisms as main functions is formed, the nutrient and rot biological activity of the microorganisms is used for promoting the rapid dehydration of high internal water components of the household garbage, the occurrence mode of the gathered moisture of the household garbage is changed, and the dehydration efficiency of subsequent extrusion is improved;
(5) mechanical extrusion dehydration: conveying the garbage subjected to the biological modification for 5-10 days into a hydraulic dehydrator through a grab bucket for extrusion dehydration treatment, then scattering the garbage, conveying the garbage into a dry garbage storage pit through a chute, and taking the dry garbage with the moisture content of less than 40% as a substitute fuel of a cement kiln or a grate furnace for cement kiln collaborative incineration treatment;
(6) and (3) finished product storage and transportation: finished products which finish the mechanical biological method are stored in a finished product garbage storage warehouse, and the warehouse can be arranged in combination with a domestic garbage biological drying warehouse or separated by a partition wall, and can also be independently arranged; the finished dried garbage is transferred into a garbage transfer bin through a hydraulic grab bucket, and the finished dried garbage can be conveyed into a cement kiln for cooperative treatment or a grate furnace for incineration treatment through a transport vehicle or a transfer facility; a permanent magnet iron removal device can be arranged at the blanking and feeding section of the loading and transporting device, so that the waste iron in the domestic garbage is recycled.
And (3) keeping the height difference between the discharging platform in the discharging hall in the step (2) and the bottom of the storage pit more than 6 meters, reducing frequent material transportation, improving the working efficiency of the travelling grab bucket, reducing the operating frequency of the travelling grab bucket and preventing the discharge hole from being blocked. From the viewpoint of building structure, the bottom of the garbage storage pit is located at 6m underground, and has the functions of bearing soil pressure and water pressure and supporting the weight of garbage in the storage pit, an upper house and a crane. The discharging platform is arranged on the +/-0.000 m layer of the main workshop and is tightly attached to the garbage storage pit, and an indoor type is adopted to prevent odor from leaking and rainfall. An electric rolling door and an air curtain wall are arranged above the inlet and the outlet to prevent odor from diffusing. Necessary anti-seepage measures are adopted at the bottom and the periphery of the garbage storage pit, so that seepage of leachate is prevented, and underground water is prevented from permeating.
The mechanical crushing in the step (3) adopts shearing type mechanical crushing, the crushing granularity is less than 200mm, and a crushing device is provided with a large lump anti-spitting protection device; the garbage is distributed in the storage pit through a grab bucket to form a loose material pile; the stack overturning and inverting of the grab bucket is regularly utilized to maintain a necessary gap structure in the garbage stack and stabilize the ventilation of the stacks at different ages.
The biological drying process of the step (4) comprises the following steps: because of the pile height and the non-continuity of the oxygen supply mode, the biological drying adopts aerobic fermentation as the main part and facultative fermentation as the auxiliary part; the biological drying process is characterized in that the moisture occurrence mode of perishable components is changed, and the water content between tissues is reduced; the biological drying releases heat to maintain the adaptive temperature of microorganism growth and vaporize partial water of the garbage pile; the surface temperature of the biological drying material pile is 30-50 ℃, and the comprehensive control of periodic air blasting, stack turning and leachate back spraying is adopted.
And (4) in the biological drying process in the step (4), various ventilation modes are adopted to maintain the temperature, supply oxygen and discharge moisture of the domestic garbage material pile. An air blower is arranged beside the household garbage storage pit, an air pipe extends into the bottom of the storage pit and is divided by an air distribution pipeline to form array air distribution, a 300-1000 mm cobble layer is adopted to stabilize the flow above the storage pit, and the air blower can intermittently or continuously blast to perform aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation or facultative fermentation to remove water according to the operation control requirement. In addition, the stack overturning operation is regularly carried out through a grab bucket above a household garbage storage, on one hand, the pore development degree of the household garbage stack is adjusted, ventilation is utilized, fresh air is introduced in a natural mixing and doping mode, on the other hand, the mixture of garbage in different ages is realized through the overturning process, the implantation of strains and the balance in the volume range are ensured, and the biological drying effect is ensured. On a specific air supply system, a biological drying process mode which mainly comprises grab bucket stack turning and secondarily comprises forced ventilation and auxiliary aerobic fermentation is maintained. The negative pressure operation is maintained in the whole household garbage storage storehouse to perform air replacement in a low-intensity workshop, and directional wind from bottom to top is formed in the workshop under the action of wind induced by a workshop deodorization system, so that the directional flow of water vapor formed in a garbage biological drying area is realized, and the water in a household garbage stack is assisted to be discharged in a steam forming mode. The temperature interference to the biological drying process is reduced, the air source of the biological drying blast air is used for taking air nearby, the temperature of the air outlet of the fan is kept constant at 25-35 ℃, and the disturbance to the microbial reaction activity is reduced by the air temperature suitable for the microbes; the heating and ventilation air suction opening is simplified, the quantity and the size of the air suction opening are reduced at the position close to the inlet of the fan, and the negative pressure at the tail end of the pipeline is ensured. The grid net is arranged outside the air suction opening, large granular substances can be removed, the stainless steel net and the angle steel are combined, the specification is matched with the air suction opening, and each independent grid net can be freely detached and washed.
And (5) sealing the chute feed opening and the periphery of the storage pit completely, so as to prevent the odor from channeling to the upper and lower road layers.
The temperature inside and on the surface of the material pile in the fermentation process is controlled: monitoring the temperature of the material pile by adopting a non-contact temperature sensor on the surface of the material pile; diagnosing and controlling the internal temperature of the material pile by adopting a mode of combining material level monitoring and surface temperature monitoring; and a plurality of measures of periodic air blowing, stack turning and leachate back spraying comprehensive control are adopted to carry out the overall control of the temperature of the material pile.
The pretreated primary ecological household garbage or mineralized garbage is directly obtained from 2-8 years, and the water in the garbage is further reduced by mechanical extrusion operation of the secondary garbage with higher free moisture content; the extruder is hydraulically driven, the maximum extrusion pressure is 25MPa, and the normal working pressure is 5-15 MPa; and recycling the extruded percolate part as the active strain for life drying.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the product produced by the mechanical biological pretreatment is suitable for the cement kiln collaborative incineration disposal or the grate furnace incineration disposal. The invention realizes the harmlessness and cleanness of the pretreatment process by organically connecting with the incineration system, improves the quality of the garbage, and realizes the resource, reduction and harmlessness utilization.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow framework of the present invention (solid arrows in the figure are materials, dashed arrows are dusty gas and landfill leachate);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a process flow apparatus according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a + -0.0000 m tier device layout of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 3;
fig. 8 is a layout of a 4.500m layer device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment: a mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) screening the receiving categories of the household garbage: a urban and rural domestic waste mechanical biological pretreatment method, need to finish the construction of the urban and rural domestic waste transfer system by government or third party's supporting, if the ones that set up and set up perfect domestic waste classification management system then is more suitable for the implementation of this invention;
(2) domestic waste collection and transportation: the compressed garbage transport vehicle or the existing garbage transport vehicle is adopted to refit a sealed vehicle for transporting the domestic garbage to a factory, a garbage unloading hall adopts a negative pressure extraction device interlocked with an in-and-out gate to carry out directional control on peculiar smell in the garbage unloading process, and the domestic garbage is unloaded into a garbage storage room in the unloading hall with static pressure controlled between-5 Pa and-30 Pa; closing the inner side gate of the unloading hall after unloading is finished, and closing the negative pressure extraction device in a delayed manner after the vehicle exits the unloading hall; an anti-collision pier is arranged in front of the unloading hall door, and the reasonable height of the storage pit car stop is determined according to the specific condition of the conveying vehicle; pit deodorizing air pipes are arranged at the top and the middle of the pit, so that the negative pressure effect of the unloading hall is facilitated; the pipeline valve of the pit deodorization air pipe adopts a butterfly valve, so that air leakage is avoided.
(3) Mechanical crushing: the hydraulic grab bucket that adopts the driving configuration carries out the feed of rubbish, turns over buttress and transfer in domestic waste storehouse, carries out domestic waste's breakage, broken bag through gyration shear type low-speed breaker, and broken granularity control is 90% <200mm, and the breaker sets up the material device of spitting out of non-breakable thing, transports through regularly collecting and deals with separately. A permanent magnet deironing device can be arranged at the downstream of the crusher to recycle the iron component in the domestic garbage;
(4) biological drying: the method comprises the steps that a pit is internally provided with a stack turning device through periodic work of a grab bucket, an air distribution pipeline and a steady-flow cobblestone cushion layer are arranged at the bottom of the pit for drying and oxygen supply, percolate back-spraying is adopted to control the temperature and humidity of a garbage stack, the stack temperature is used for monitoring and controlling ventilation of the pit, stack turning and bottom air blowing operation of the stack, and the rapid directional growth of microorganisms on a household garbage stack is ensured through the above technical measures, so that the microbial colony activity which takes aerobic and anaerobic facultative microorganisms as main functions is formed, the nutrient and rot biological activity of the microorganisms is used for promoting the rapid dehydration of high internal water components of the household garbage, the occurrence mode of the gathered moisture of the household garbage is changed, and the dehydration efficiency of subsequent extrusion is improved;
(5) mechanical extrusion dehydration: conveying the garbage subjected to the biological modification for 5-10 days into a hydraulic dehydrator through a grab bucket for extrusion dehydration treatment, then scattering the garbage, conveying the garbage into a dry garbage storage pit through a chute, and taking the dry garbage with the moisture content of less than 40% as a substitute fuel of a cement kiln or a grate furnace for cement kiln collaborative incineration treatment; a leachate deodorization room and a leachate corridor are sequentially arranged below the dehydrator and are connected with the garbage storage pit; a hall, an exhibition room, a meeting room, a traveling distribution room, a traveling operation room and a water tank room are sequentially arranged on one side of the garbage storage pit from bottom to top.
(6) And (3) finished product storage and transportation: finished products which finish the mechanical biological method are stored in a finished product garbage storage warehouse, and the warehouse can be arranged in combination with a domestic garbage biological drying warehouse or separated by a partition wall, and can also be independently arranged; the finished dried garbage is transferred into a garbage transfer bin through a hydraulic grab bucket, and the finished dried garbage can be conveyed into a cement kiln for cooperative treatment or a grate furnace for incineration treatment through a transport vehicle or a transfer facility; a permanent magnet iron removal device can be arranged at the blanking and feeding section of the loading and transporting device, so that the waste iron in the domestic garbage is recycled.
And (3) keeping the height difference between the discharging platform in the discharging hall in the step (2) and the bottom of the storage pit more than 6 meters, reducing frequent material transportation, improving the working efficiency of the travelling grab bucket, reducing the operating frequency of the travelling grab bucket and preventing the discharge hole from being blocked. From the viewpoint of building structure, the bottom of the garbage storage pit is located at 6m underground, and has the functions of bearing soil pressure and water pressure and supporting the weight of garbage in the storage pit, an upper house and a crane. The discharging platform is arranged on the +/-0.000 m layer of the main workshop and is tightly attached to the garbage storage pit, and an indoor type is adopted to prevent odor from leaking and rainfall. An electric rolling door and an air curtain wall are arranged above the inlet and the outlet to prevent odor from diffusing. Necessary anti-seepage measures are adopted at the bottom and the periphery of the garbage storage pit, so that seepage of leachate is prevented, and underground water is prevented from permeating.
The mechanical crushing in the step (3) adopts shearing type mechanical crushing, the crushing granularity is less than 200mm, and a crushing device is provided with a large lump anti-spitting protection device; the garbage is distributed in the storage pit through a grab bucket to form a loose material pile; the stack overturning and inverting of the grab bucket is regularly utilized to maintain a necessary gap structure in the garbage stack and stabilize the ventilation of the stacks at different ages.
The biological drying process of the step (4) comprises the following steps: because of the pile height and the non-continuity of the oxygen supply mode, the biological drying adopts aerobic fermentation as the main part and facultative fermentation as the auxiliary part; the biological drying process is characterized in that the moisture occurrence mode of perishable components is changed, and the water content between tissues is reduced; the biological drying releases heat to maintain the adaptive temperature of microorganism growth and vaporize partial water of the garbage pile; the surface temperature of the biological drying material pile is 30-50 ℃, and the comprehensive control of periodic air blasting, stack turning and leachate back spraying is adopted.
And (4) in the biological drying process in the step (4), various ventilation modes are adopted to maintain the temperature, supply oxygen and discharge moisture of the domestic garbage material pile. An air blower is arranged beside the household garbage storage pit, an air pipe extends into the bottom of the storage pit and is divided by an air distribution pipeline to form array air distribution, a 300-1000 mm cobble layer is adopted to stabilize the flow above the storage pit, and the air blower can intermittently or continuously blast to perform aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation or facultative fermentation to remove water according to the operation control requirement. In addition, the stack overturning operation is regularly carried out through a grab bucket above a household garbage storage, on one hand, the pore development degree of the household garbage stack is adjusted, ventilation is utilized, fresh air is introduced in a natural mixing and doping mode, on the other hand, the mixture of garbage in different ages is realized through the overturning process, the implantation of strains and the balance in the volume range are ensured, and the biological drying effect is ensured. On a specific air supply system, a biological drying process mode which mainly comprises grab bucket stack turning and secondarily comprises forced ventilation and auxiliary aerobic fermentation is maintained. The negative pressure operation is maintained in the whole household garbage storage storehouse to perform air replacement in a low-intensity workshop, and directional wind from bottom to top is formed in the workshop under the action of wind induced by a workshop deodorization system, so that the directional flow of water vapor formed in a garbage biological drying area is realized, and the water in a household garbage stack is assisted to be discharged in a steam forming mode. The temperature interference to the biological drying process is reduced, the air source of the biological drying blast air is used for taking air nearby, the temperature of the air outlet of the fan is kept constant at 25-35 ℃, and the disturbance to the microbial reaction activity is reduced by the air temperature suitable for the microbes; the heating and ventilation air suction opening is simplified, the quantity and the size of the air suction opening are reduced at the position close to the inlet of the fan, and the negative pressure at the tail end of the pipeline is ensured. The grid net is arranged outside the air suction opening, large granular substances can be removed, the stainless steel net and the angle steel are combined, the specification is matched with the air suction opening, and each independent grid net can be freely detached and washed.
And (5) sealing the chute feed opening and the periphery of the storage pit completely, so as to prevent the odor from channeling to the upper and lower road layers.
In the specific embodiment, the arrangement of the crusher, the dehydrator and the plate feeding machine, the fluency and operability of the process flow and the convenience of odor control are considered, the finished product storage pit, the garbage unloading pit and the fermentation pit are the same large storage pit, and the finished product storage pit is generally in a cuboid shape in different areas. The finished product storage pit mainly considers the storage of materials and the convenient later-stage grabbing, and as long as material dead angles are not increased, different shapes have no influence on the storage effect. The garbage storage pit emphasizes that the temporary storage of the garbage can be realized during the kiln stopping and maintenance period of the cement kiln while the garbage pretreatment is considered, and the garbage storage capacity of 15-20 days can be generally ensured.
The mechanical biological method for pretreating urban and rural domestic garbage is added with an extrusion type dehydrator on the basis of aerobic fermentation of the garbage. Part of water in the garbage enters a percolate collecting tank after aerobic fermentation; one part enters the air and enters the deodorization system along with the odor; and the other part enters a percolate collecting pool after being dewatered by extrusion. And finally, the water content of the finished garbage is guaranteed to be less than 40%. And under the condition of incomplete aerobic fermentation, the water content of the finished garbage can still be ensured by adjusting the extrusion dehydrator. The influence of the water fluctuation of the garbage on the subsequent process is eliminated.
Because the finished product materials treated by the method are only used for the cooperative disposal and incineration of the cement plant, the determined process and indexes are performed around the targets of normal production and qualified product quality of the cement plant, and the surface area of the materials is increased by crushing, so that the materials are incinerated more fully; the water entering the cement kiln is controlled through biological drying and extrusion dehydration, so that the interference on the thermal regulation of the system is reduced;
the specific embodiment is that the pretreatment and temporary storage of garbage adopt the aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and extrusion dehydration steps of the garbage, the generated odor enters a cement kiln system for high-temperature incineration after being collected by negative pressure, and the garbage incinerator has the following advantages: a. the garbage pretreatment process is carried out in a factory building, the odor is well controlled, and the process is smooth. b. The water content of the finished garbage can be guaranteed to be less than 40%. C. The odor is collected by negative pressure and then enters a cement kiln system for high-temperature incineration, and secondary pollution is avoided. d. The garbage pretreatment workshop can realize the storage of garbage amount for 15-20 days.
The dehydrator of the specific embodiment is a mechanical extrusion dehydrator and is specially used for dehydrating household garbage, the dehydrator is characterized in that a treatment amount is large, moisture control is stable and the like, a piston is driven by a hydraulic oil cylinder, force is directly acted on the garbage for dehydration, after the garbage enters the dehydrator, a door of the dehydrator is closed by a vertical oil cylinder, and a horizontal oil cylinder extrudes. When the pressure of the system reaches a set value, the vertical oil cylinder opens the door, and the horizontal oil cylinder pushes the dewatered garbage out of the cavity. The dehydrator performs the above operation under the PLC setting program, and the operation is repeated and circulated. Solves the problems of low dehydration efficiency, easy blockage, low production capacity, low adaptability and the like of the existing garbage dehydrator.
The dehydrator mainly takes garbage dehydration as a main part, and odor emitted by the garbage is also a problem to be treated. The dehydrator is provided with a sealing device which is matched with an air extraction system to extract air in the dehydrator and prevent odor from diffusing. The sealed air collecting space is small, the operation and maintenance of equipment in the structure are not affected, and the purposes of improving the air quality between equipment and protecting the environment are achieved.
According to the specific embodiment, after the finished garbage is produced and before the finished garbage enters the incineration system, secondary crushing can be increased according to different requirements of owners on materials entering the kiln, the particle size of the garbage is smaller, the feeding is more uniform, and the subsequent system burn-off of the garbage is facilitated. The embodiment is based on an improved mechanical biological method domestic garbage pretreatment process which improves the biological drying treatment of the existing domestic garbage stacking and fermenting technology and improves the dehydration effect of finished products by matching with a mechanical extrusion dehydration procedure, the water content of garbage components is reduced by a controlled aerobic and facultative microbial process, the emission of malodorous gas in the garbage biological drying process is inhibited, leachate generated in the biological drying process realizes clean emission through directional collection, spraying recycling and sewage treatment, by organically combining the procedures of machinery, biology and the like, the heat value of the dried garbage is fundamentally improved, the emission level of secondary pollutants in the pretreatment process is eliminated or reduced, through being organically linked with an incineration system, the pretreatment process is harmless and clean, the quality of garbage is improved, and the recycling, reduction and harmless utilization are realized. The novel technology for disposing the household garbage in the cement industry is different from a garbage disposal technology in the municipal industry, is an innovation in the household garbage disposal technology in the cement industry, is a perfect combination of the municipal industry and the cement industry, and production practices prove that the technology meets the cooperative disposal requirement of the cement industry.
Example 1: the method is applied to engineering project implementation, and adopts a mechanical biological method to pretreat urban and rural domestic garbage to prepare dried domestic garbage for cooperative disposal of a certain cement enterprise.
The domestic waste transport vehicle from the factory outside carries the original ecological urban and rural domestic waste to the factory after, gets into the hall of unloading through electromagnetic induction door 01, and the deodorization tuber pipe of configuration in the hall starts the negative pressure extraction through control valve group, maintains the hall of unloading and forms stable negative pressure. And after the electromagnetic induction door of the inlet door is closed, the electric door leading to the household garbage receiving and storing pit is opened, and household garbage unloading is started. After the domestic waste is unloaded, the electric door close to the storage pit is closed, the appearance of the vehicle is cleaned in the unloading hall, the compressed air provided by the air compressor is adopted, the cleaning of the vehicle is completed by utilizing the double-fluid atomization cleaning spray gun, and the formed sewage is discharged into a percolate collecting channel and is converged into a percolate collecting pool.
The original ecological urban and rural domestic garbage accumulated in the domestic garbage receiving and storing pit is grabbed by a hydraulic grab bucket 05 configured by a bridge crane and sent into a plate feeding machine 02 beside the storing pit, a shear type crusher 06 is arranged below the plate feeding machine 02, and the crushing granularity of the crusher 06 is controlled to be 90% passing <200 mm. And a gate valve for maintenance is arranged between the shear type crusher and the crushing steel bin and is used as a cut-off valve for equipment maintenance. The crushed domestic garbage is sent into the domestic garbage aerobic fermentation storage pit through a chute.
The crushed domestic garbage needs to be stored for 1-5 days in the domestic garbage aerobic fermentation storage pit. Along with the temperature rise of the material pile in the microbial growth process, air is blown in periodically, air in the storage pit is blown in by using an air blower unit 12 arranged in a workshop above the aerobic fermentation storage pit, air supply and uniform distribution along the projection direction of the storage pit are carried out through air outlets regularly distributed on air supply pipelines arranged in an array mode at the bottom of the storage pit, an anti-blocking cover is arranged at the air outlets, and a goose soft stone layer with the thickness of 200-1200 mm is laid for uniform distribution of air. The hydraulic grab bucket 05 arranged by the bridge crane is used for regularly overturning the material pile, so that the materials at different depths of the material pile can reach a basically balanced biological fermentation reaction process, and the integral oxygen supply effect of the household garbage can be ensured. The fast dehydration of the perishable components of the domestic garbage under the combined action of aerobic microorganisms and facultative microorganisms is promoted through the air supply and moisture preservation operation of the domestic garbage pile. The combustion characteristics and the particle size distribution of all biodegradable components are changed, and the heat value of the household garbage is improved by reducing the water content of the household garbage.
And then the domestic garbage after the quick dehydration of the perishable components of the domestic garbage is finished by the dehydrator 13, is grabbed by the hydraulic grab bucket 05 arranged by the bridge crane and is sent into the dehydrated garbage storage pit by the plate-type feeder. And (3) temporarily piling the finished household garbage in a dehydrated garbage storage pit, wherein the finished household garbage is dried household garbage with the water content of 25-40%, and is in a shape of a chip or a strip, and the granularity is controlled to be irregular chips below 200 x 160 mm. Can be used as alternative fuel for burning in a grate furnace and a cement kiln.
The embodiment is arranged in a cement plant, and the hydraulic grab bucket 05 arranged by a bridge crane is used for grabbing, sending the grabbed materials into a plate-type feeder 16, feeding the grabbers into a belt weigher 17 through a feeding bin below the plate-type feeder, and sending the grabbers into a cement production line by a tubular belt conveyor after feeding and metering to burn. The carrier roller at the blanking point of the plate feeding machine is a buffer carrier roller, and is designed in a fully-sealed encryption manner.
Sewage from the house refuse unloading hall, the house refuse receiving storage pit, the house refuse aerobic drying storage pit, the dewatered refuse storage pit, the hydraulic extrusion dehydrator 13, the deodorization air pipe condensate water and the like flows into the percolate adjusting tank through a ditch and a pipeline. And performing percolate treatment by using a percolate treatment system.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) screening the receiving categories of the household garbage: a urban and rural domestic waste mechanical biological pretreatment method, need to finish the construction of the urban and rural domestic waste transfer system by government or third party's supporting, if the ones that set up and set up perfect domestic waste classification management system then is more suitable for the implementation of this invention;
(2) domestic waste collection and transportation: the compressed garbage transport vehicle or the existing garbage transport vehicle is adopted to refit a sealed vehicle for transporting the domestic garbage to a factory, a garbage unloading hall adopts a negative pressure extraction device interlocked with an in-and-out gate to carry out directional control on peculiar smell in the garbage unloading process, and the domestic garbage is unloaded into a garbage storage room in the unloading hall with static pressure controlled between-5 Pa and-30 Pa; closing the inner side gate of the unloading hall after unloading is finished, and closing the negative pressure extraction device in a delayed manner after the vehicle exits the unloading hall; an anti-collision pier is arranged in front of the unloading hall door, and the reasonable height of the storage pit car stop is determined according to the specific condition of the conveying vehicle; pit deodorizing air pipes are arranged at the top and the middle of the pit, so that the negative pressure effect of the unloading hall is facilitated; the pipeline valve of the pit deodorization air pipe adopts a butterfly valve, so that air leakage is avoided;
(3) mechanical crushing: the household garbage storage system is characterized in that a hydraulic grab bucket configured by a travelling crane is adopted to feed, stack and transfer garbage in a household garbage storage, a rotary shearing type low-speed crusher is used for crushing and breaking the household garbage, the crushing granularity is controlled to be 90% <200mm, the crusher is provided with a material spitting device for non-crushable materials, and the materials are periodically collected, transferred and otherwise disposed; a permanent magnet deironing device can be arranged at the downstream of the crusher to recycle the iron component in the domestic garbage;
(4) biological drying: the method comprises the steps that a pit is internally provided with a stack turning device through periodic work of a grab bucket, an air distribution pipeline and a steady-flow cobblestone cushion layer are arranged at the bottom of the pit for drying and oxygen supply, percolate back-spraying is adopted to control the temperature and humidity of a garbage stack, the stack temperature is used for monitoring and controlling ventilation of the pit, stack turning and bottom air blowing operation of the stack, and the rapid directional growth of microorganisms on a household garbage stack is ensured through the above technical measures, so that the microbial colony activity which takes aerobic and anaerobic facultative microorganisms as main functions is formed, the nutrient and rot biological activity of the microorganisms is used for promoting the rapid dehydration of high internal water components of the household garbage, the occurrence mode of the gathered moisture of the household garbage is changed, and the dehydration efficiency of subsequent extrusion is improved; the biological drying process comprises the following steps: because of the pile height and the non-continuity of the oxygen supply mode, the biological drying adopts aerobic fermentation as the main part and facultative fermentation as the auxiliary part; the biological drying process is characterized in that the moisture occurrence mode of perishable components is changed, and the water content between tissues is reduced; the biological drying releases heat to maintain the adaptive temperature of microorganism growth and vaporize partial water of the garbage pile; the surface temperature of the biological drying material pile is 30-50 ℃, and the comprehensive control of periodic air blasting, stack turning and leachate back spraying is adopted;
(5) mechanical extrusion dehydration: conveying the garbage subjected to the biological modification for 5-10 days into a hydraulic dehydrator through a grab bucket for extrusion dehydration treatment, then scattering the garbage, conveying the garbage into a dry garbage storage pit through a chute, and taking the dry garbage with the moisture content of less than 40% as a substitute fuel of a cement kiln or a grate furnace for cement kiln collaborative incineration treatment;
(6) and (3) finished product storage and transportation: finished products which finish the mechanical biological method are stored in a finished product garbage storage warehouse, and the warehouse can be arranged in combination with a domestic garbage biological drying warehouse or separated by a partition wall, and can also be independently arranged; the finished dried garbage is transferred into a garbage transfer bin through a hydraulic grab bucket, and the finished dried garbage can be conveyed into a cement kiln for cooperative treatment or a grate furnace for incineration treatment through a transport vehicle or a transfer facility; a permanent magnet iron removal device can be arranged at the blanking and feeding section of the loading and transporting device, so that the waste iron in the domestic garbage is recycled.
2. The mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between the discharging platform in the discharging hall in the step (2) and the bottom of the storage pit is kept more than 6 meters, so that the frequent transportation of materials is reduced, the working efficiency of a travelling grab bucket is improved, the operating frequency of the travelling grab bucket is reduced, and the blockage of a discharge hole is prevented; from the perspective of building structure, the bottom of the garbage storage pit is located at 6m underground, and has the functions of bearing soil pressure and water pressure and supporting the weight of garbage in the storage pit, an upper house and a crane; the unloading platform is arranged on the +/-0.000 m layer of the main workshop and is tightly attached to the garbage storage pit, and an indoor type is adopted to prevent odor from leaking and rainfall; an electric rolling door and an air curtain wall are arranged above the inlet and the outlet to prevent odor from diffusing; necessary anti-seepage measures are adopted at the bottom and the periphery of the garbage storage pit, so that seepage of leachate is prevented, and underground water is prevented from permeating.
3. The mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural domestic garbage according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical crushing in step (3) is shear type mechanical crushing, the crushing granularity is less than 200mm, and the crushing device is provided with a large block anti-spitting protection device; the garbage is distributed in the storage pit through a grab bucket to form a loose material pile; the stack overturning and inverting of the grab bucket is regularly utilized to maintain a necessary gap structure in the garbage stack and stabilize the ventilation of the stacks at different ages.
4. The mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural domestic garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the biological drying process in the step (4), a plurality of ventilation modes are adopted to maintain the temperature, supply oxygen and discharge moisture of the domestic garbage pile; arranging an air blower beside the domestic garbage storage pit, enabling an air pipe to extend into the bottom of the storage pit and be divided into an array air distribution pipe through an air distribution pipeline, adopting a 300-1000 mm cobblestone layer for stabilizing flow above the storage pit, and performing intermittent or continuous air blowing operation according to operation control requirements to perform aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation or facultative fermentation to remove moisture; in addition, the stack turning operation is regularly carried out through a grab bucket above the household garbage storage, on one hand, the pore development degree of the household garbage stack is adjusted, ventilation is utilized, fresh air is introduced in a natural mixing and doping mode, on the other hand, the mixture of garbage of different ages is realized through the overturning process, the implantation of strains and the balance in the volume range are ensured, and the biological drying effect is ensured; on a specific air supply system, a biological drying process mode which mainly comprises grab bucket stack turning and secondarily comprises forced ventilation and auxiliary mode operation is adopted to maintain aerobic fermentation and facultative fermentation; negative pressure operation is maintained in the whole household garbage storage storehouse to perform air replacement in a low-intensity workshop, and directional wind from bottom to top is formed in the workshop under the action of wind induced by a workshop deodorization system, so that the directional flow of water vapor formed in a garbage biological drying area is realized, and the water in a household garbage stack is assisted to be discharged in the form of water vapor; the temperature interference to the biological drying process is reduced, the air source of the biological drying blast air is used for taking air nearby, the temperature of the air outlet of the fan is kept constant at 25-35 ℃, and the disturbance to the microbial reaction activity is reduced by the air temperature suitable for the microbes; the heating and ventilation air suction port is simplified, the number and the size of the air suction port are reduced at the position close to the inlet of the fan, and the negative pressure at the tail end of the pipeline is ensured; the grid net is arranged outside the air suction opening, large granular substances can be removed, the stainless steel net and the angle steel are combined, the specification is matched with the air suction opening, and each independent grid net can be freely detached and washed.
5. The mechanical biological pretreatment method for urban and rural household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the chute feed opening in the step (5) is completely sealed with the periphery of the storage pit, so that odor is prevented from channeling from upper and lower road layers.
6. The mechanical biological pretreatment method of urban and rural domestic garbage according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature inside and on the surface of the material pile in the fermentation process is controlled: monitoring the temperature of the material pile by adopting a non-contact temperature sensor on the surface of the material pile; diagnosing and controlling the internal temperature of the material pile by adopting a mode of combining material level monitoring and surface temperature monitoring; and a plurality of measures of periodic air blowing, stack turning and leachate back spraying comprehensive control are adopted to carry out the overall control of the temperature of the material pile.
7. The mechanical and biological pretreatment method of urban and rural domestic garbage according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the original ecological domestic garbage to be pretreated or the mineralized garbage directly from 2 to 8 years, the original garbage with higher free moisture content is further reduced in moisture by mechanical extrusion operation; the extruder is hydraulically driven, the maximum extrusion pressure is 25MPa, and the normal working pressure is 5-15 MPa; and recycling the extruded percolate part as the active strain for life drying.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114798663A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司 | Household garbage storage pit and leachate collection method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210330 |