JP2000354853A - Waste classifying facilities and classifying method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide waste classifying facilities and a classifying method therefor, capable of affording the efficient transportation of waste to the facilities and the avoidance of adverse influence on surroundings. SOLUTION: Waste classifying facilities to classify collected waste into combustible and noncombustible are equipped with a waste pit 12 to which waste W is fed and in which it is accumulated, a waste crusher 14 which crushes the waste W accumulated in the waste pit 12, a percussion crusher 20 which dries, strikes and stirs the waste W crushed by the waste crusher 14 in a crushing chamber 20a to classify it into noncombustible and combustible waste, a cyclone 32 and an induced blower 33 which suck and discharge the combustible waste Wa from the upper side of a crushing chamber 20a, and a selection means 19 which sorts the noncombustible discharged from the lower side of the crushing chamber 20a into various kinds of resources.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a waste separation facility and a method for separating waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, waste such as garbage carried out of households is collected by a collection vehicle and collected in a waste treatment facility. The collected waste is, for example, glass or metal. Incombustibles are separated into combustible wastes such as garbage, papers, plastics, etc. Non-combustibles such as glass and metal are mainly sorted by type as recyclables. Combustible waste is incinerated.

[0003] On the other hand, due to the processing capacity and efficiency of the waste treatment facility, the effect on the surrounding environment of the treatment facility, etc., the waste discharged from each household is collected and temporarily stored at each relay station in each place. Thereafter, a method of transferring to a large-scale waste treatment facility capable of treating efficiently and efficiently and treating the waste may be adopted.

[0004]

However, since a container truck is generally used as a means for transferring waste from each of the above-mentioned relay stations to a waste disposal facility, many container trucks are required for that purpose. In addition to increasing the cost and causing traffic congestion, there is a concern that waste such as garbage may affect the surrounding environment due to an unusual odor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention, which has been made in view of the above points, is to improve the efficiency of waste transportation to a waste disposal facility and to avoid or extremely suppress the influence on the surrounding environment. And a method for separating the same.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste separation facility for separating collected waste into combustible waste and non-combustible waste. The collected waste is dried, crushed and crushed and stirred in the impact chamber, and a combustible waste is suctioned out from the upper side of the impact chamber, while a non-combustible waste is discharged from the lower side of the impact chamber. It is characterized by having.

[0007] According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the waste sorting facility serving as a relay base, waste carried out from each home or the like is separated into incombustible waste and combustible waste by the waste sorting device. As a result, only combustible waste will be transported from the relay station to waste treatment facilities equipped with incineration facilities by container vehicles, etc., and the volume of combustible waste such as garbage will be reduced by drying. As a result, transportation costs can be reduced, and in particular, combustible waste such as garbage is dried, so that unusual odors are suppressed and the impact on the surrounding environment due to transportation from the relay station to the waste treatment facility is reduced. It is avoided and, furthermore, the combustible waste can be easily burned because it is dried in advance, and the efficiency of the combustion treatment in the waste treatment facility is brought about.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the waste sorting facility according to the first aspect, the waste sorting apparatus includes a crushing chamber and an impulse for crushing and stirring the waste put in the crushing chamber. A blow crusher having a percussion means, a hot air blower for supplying warm air to the crushing chamber of the percussion crusher, and a combustible material sucked out from above the crushing chamber of the percussion crusher, and dust mixed with the combustible material is removed. It has a cyclone and an induction blower to be separated.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a concrete configuration of a waste sorting apparatus. According to the present invention, a glass shard mixed in the waste by impacting the waste with a percussion crusher. And granulating and stirring the ceramic pieces, and drying and stirring by supplying hot air from a hot air blower to produce non-combustible materials having a relatively large specific gravity and garbage, paper pieces, plastic pieces, etc. having a relatively small specific gravity. Separation into combustible waste, suction of the combustible waste from above the crushing chamber by a cyclone and an induction blower, and easy separation into incombustible waste and combustible waste by removing dust mixed in the combustible waste. Can be.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the waste sorting facility according to the second aspect, the waste sorting apparatus mixes incombustibles discharged from below a crushing chamber of the impact crusher by particle size sorting. It is characterized by comprising a sieve for sorting granular glass pieces and ceramic pieces, a magnetic force sorting machine for sorting iron pieces from incombustible materials from which the glass pieces and ceramic pieces are sorted, and an aluminum separator for sorting aluminum pieces. .

According to the third aspect of the present invention, incombustible materials discharged from below the crushing chamber of the impact crusher are sieved, magnetically separated by a separator, an aluminum separator, etc., to form granular glass pieces and ceramic pieces;
It can be sorted into resources such as iron pieces and aluminum pieces and other residues.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the waste sorting facility according to any of the first to third aspects, further comprising a waste crusher for crushing waste to be put into the waste sorter in advance.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the crushing and agitation by the impact crusher can be efficiently performed by crushing the waste in advance prior to the input of the waste to the waste sorting machine, and the combustible fuel can be burned. It can be efficiently separated into waste and incombustibles.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste separating method for separating collected waste into combustible waste and incombustible waste, wherein the waste is put into a waste pit and accumulated. A waste collection step, a waste crushing step of crushing the waste accumulated in the waste pit with a waste crusher, and drying the waste crushed in the waste crushing step in a blow chamber of a blow crusher; It is characterized by comprising a crushing / separating step of separating by impact crushing and stirring, and a combustible material carrying out step of carrying out the combustible waste separated in the crushing / separating step from above the impact chamber.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the waste accumulated in the waste pit in the waste collecting step is crushed in the waste crushing step, and the waste crushed in the waste crushing step is crushed and separated. Drying, impact crushing and stirring to separate into incombustible waste and combustibles, and the combustible waste is carried out from the impact chamber by the combustible waste carrying out step, so that incombustibles and combustible waste are efficiently removed. Can be separated.

As a result, the volume of combustible waste conveyed from a relay station to a waste treatment facility equipped with incineration equipment by a container truck or the like can be reduced, thereby reducing transport costs and transporting to a waste treatment facility. In addition to avoiding the influence on the surrounding environment, it is possible to use the waste pit of the existing waste treatment facility as the waste pit, and it can be expected to reduce the cost of installing the waste treatment facility.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the waste separation method according to the fifth aspect, incombustibles separated in the crushing and separating step and discharged from below the crushing chamber of the impact crusher are sorted into various types. And a resource sorting step.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the method includes the step of sorting the non-combustibles into various types, the resources mixed with the non-combustibles can be selectively collected.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a waste separation facility and a method for separating waste according to the present invention will be described below with reference to a waste separation flow chart shown in FIG. 1 and a waste separation step diagram shown in FIG.

The waste sorting facility 1 according to the present embodiment comprises:
A waste pit 12 is provided in the building 11, and a waste crusher 14 such as a roll crusher is disposed above the waste pit 12.
A crane 13 is provided to throw the waste W in the waste pit 12 into the receiving hopper 14a of the waste crusher 14.

The waste W crushed by the waste crusher 14 is conveyed to a storage feeder 16 outside the building 11 by a conveyor 15 and a storage feeder 16 to substantially equalize the waste W by a predetermined amount. A transport conveyor 17 for transporting the transport conveyor 19 is provided.

The waste sorting device 19 includes a percussion crusher 20,
It has a warm air blower 21, a rotary sieve 25, a cyclone 32, an induction blower 33 and the like.

The impact crusher 20 includes a crushing chamber 20a, a rotating shaft 20b which extends vertically in the crushing chamber 20a and is driven to rotate, and a plurality of chains 20c each having one end connected to the rotating shaft 20b. The chain 20c is swung by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotating shaft 20b and is driven to rotate about the rotating shaft 20b. The impact crusher 20 has a warming device in the crushing chamber 20a. A hot air blower 21 for supplying wind is connected.

The waste W introduced into the crushing chamber 20a from the inlet 20d provided in the upper part of the crushing chamber 20a.
Is repeatedly struck by a plurality of chains 20c driven to rotate to break glass pieces, ceramic pieces, and the like mixed in the waste W, stir the waste W, and are supplied from the hot air blower 21. The waste W, particularly mixed garbage and the like, is dried by the warm air. Then, non-combustible substances such as glass pieces, ceramic pieces, iron pieces, aluminum pieces and residues having relatively large specific gravity are discharged from below the crushing chamber 20a and supplied to the rotary sieve 25 serving as a particle size sorting means.

The glass and ceramic pieces crushed by the impact crusher 20 have corners removed, for example, 5 pieces.
While being granulated to a spherical shape of not more than mm, metal pieces such as cans mixed with the waste W, paper pieces, plastic pieces, etc. are deformed by the above-mentioned impact, but are not crushed and granulated. Absent.

On the other hand, waste having a relatively low specific gravity, such as dried garbage, paper pieces, plastic pieces, etc., ie, combustible waste, is sucked into the cyclone 32 through the duct 31 from above the crushing chamber 20a and guided. It has an induction blower 33.

The cyclone 32 separates dust and the like from the combustible waste supplied to the cyclone 32 by using the swirling airflow, and the combustible waste Wa such as garbage, paper pieces, plastic pieces and the like from which the dust and the like have been removed is cyclone. It is discharged below 32 and supplied to the storage drum 34.

On the other hand, dust and the like separated by the cyclone 32 are sucked by the induction blower 33 from above the cyclone 32. The outlet of the induction blower 32 is connected to a bag filter 36 via a duct 35 and to a deodorizing device 38 via a duct 37.

The rotary sieve 25 has, for example, a rotary cylinder 25a formed in a cylindrical shape with a mesh of 5 mm mesh and extending substantially in the horizontal direction, and a charging port 25b. The glass and ceramic pieces Wb spherically granulated from the incombustible material and the other incombustible materials.

Further, a magnetic force separator 27 for separating iron pieces Wc from incombustible materials from which glass pieces and ceramic pieces Wa have been removed by the rotary sieve 25, and an aluminum separator (not shown) for sorting aluminum pieces Wd are provided. And a piece of aluminum Wd
And other non-combustible substances, that is, residues We.

In the vicinity of the waste pit 12 and the waste crusher 14, ducts 39 and 40 and an induction blower 4 are provided, respectively.
1 and is connected to a duct 37 to guide the odor around the waste pit 12 and the waste crusher 14 to a deodorizing device 38. Further, near the entrance of the building 11, a truck scale 45 serving as a weight measuring device for measuring the weight of the waste W carried into the waste sorting facility 1 by the collection vehicle 50 is provided.

Next, a waste sorting method by the waste sorting facility 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to a waste sorting step diagram shown in FIG.

For example, waste W such as garbage carried out of each household is collected by a collection vehicle 50 and carried into a waste sorting facility 1 serving as a relay base.

When the waste W is carried into the waste sorting facility 1, the weight of the waste W carried by the collection vehicle 50 is first measured by the truck scale 45, and then the waste W is put into the waste pit 12 in the building 11 to be collected. (A waste collection step S1).

The waste W accumulated in the waste pit 12
Are sequentially put into the receiving hopper 14a of the waste crusher 14 by the crane 13. The waste put into the receiving hopper 14a is separated by a waste crusher 14 into glass pieces,
Metal pieces such as plastic pieces and cans and other waste are crushed and crushed to a predetermined size or less that is easy to be conveyed by the conveyors 15 and 17 and is easily crushed by the impact crusher 20 (disposal). Object crushing step S2).

The waste W crushed to a predetermined size or less by the waste crusher 14 is transported to the storage feeder 16 by the transport conveyor 15 and stored in the storage feeder 16, and is input by the transport conveyor 17 by a predetermined amount. It is thrown into crushing room 20a of percussion crusher 20 from mouth 20d.

The waste W charged into the crushing chamber 20a is repeatedly struck by a plurality of rotationally driven chains 20c, stirred, and dried by the warm air supplied from the warm air blower 21. In particular, the garbage containing a large amount of moisture is dried and reduced in volume by the supply of the warm air.

The glass and ceramic pieces mixed in the waste W are granulated into glass pieces and ceramic pieces Wb of, for example, 5 mm or less, which have been crushed by repeated impacts of the waste W to remove corners, and have been removed. Is done. On the other hand, metal pieces such as cans,
Paper pieces, plastic pieces, etc. are deformed by impact but are not crushed into particles.

Among the wastes W struck in the crushing chamber 20a, incombustible substances such as glass pieces having a relatively large specific gravity and ceramic pieces Wb, iron pieces Wc, aluminum pieces Wd, and other residues We are removed from the crushing chamber 20a. Combustible waste Wa having a relatively small specific gravity, such as garbage, paper pieces, plastic pieces, etc., discharged from the lower part of the garbage, stirred and dried and separated from each other.
Is sucked by the induction blower 33, guided to the cyclone 32 via the duct 31 from above the crushing chamber 20a, and separated into incombustibles and combustible wastes (crushing separation step S3).

The incombustible material having a relatively large specific gravity discharged from below the crushing chamber 20a of the impact crusher 20 is
5 is fed into a rotating cylinder 25a that is driven to rotate from a loading port 25b. The non-combustible material charged into the rotary cylinder 25a is subjected to particle size sorting by the rotary sieve 25, for example, a non-combustible material crushed to 5 mm or less, that is, a glass piece and a ceramic piece Wb crushed into particles by the impact crusher 20, Impact crusher 2
The non-combustible materials including iron pieces Wc, aluminum pieces Wd and the like which are not granulated by 0 are selected.

The granular glass pieces and the ceramic pieces Wb selected by the rotary sieve 25 have excellent uniformity in handling because they have substantially uniform particle size. For example, resources such as asphalt pavement and aggregates of asphalt products or concrete products are used. Used as a thing.

Further, from the non-combustible material from which the glass pieces and the ceramic pieces Wb have been removed by the rotary sieve 25, iron pieces Wc are sorted by the magnetic force sorter 27, and aluminum pieces Wd are sorted by the aluminum separator (resources). Sorting step S4). In addition, We is a glass piece and a ceramic piece Wb,
It is a residue from which the resources of the iron piece Wc and the aluminum piece Wd have been removed.

Combustible waste such as garbage, paper chips, plastic chips, etc., which is attracted by the induction blower 33 from above the percussion crusher 20 and supplied to the cyclone 32, is subjected to the swirling airflow to remove dust and the like in the cyclone 32. Then, it is taken out from below the cyclone 32, stored in the storage drum 34, and transported by a container truck 51 or the like to a waste treatment facility equipped with incineration facilities (combustibles unloading step S5).

Dust and the like sucked by the induction blower 33 from above the cyclone 32 are sent from the duct 35 to the bag filter 36, collected by the bag filter 36, deodorized by the deodorizing device 38, and exhausted. .

According to the present embodiment described above, the waste W carried out from each home or the like is collected by the waste sorting facility 1 serving as a relay base by the collection vehicle 50 or the like, and is blown and crushed in the crushing and separating step S3. The waste is sorted into incombustibles and combustible waste Wa by the machine 20, and only the combustible waste is transported from the transfer station to the waste treatment facility equipped with incineration equipment by the container truck 51 or the like. Along with the fact that the waste is dried and reduced in volume, factors such as a reduction in transportation costs and traffic congestion are avoided or extremely suppressed.

Further, in the crushing and separating step S3, the combustible waste such as garbage is dried, so that an odor and the like are suppressed and the influence on the surrounding environment due to the transfer from the transfer station to the waste treatment facility is avoided. The combustion of the combustible waste is facilitated because it is dried in advance, and the efficiency of the combustion treatment in the waste treatment facility is improved.

On the other hand, by the impact crusher 20, the waste W
Since the glass pieces and the ceramic pieces Wb which are present in the mixture are granulated by the impact, the sorting of the glass pieces and the ceramic pieces is facilitated by the particle size sorting by the rotary sieve 25, and the iron pieces Wc by the magnetic separator 27 and the aluminum separator. In addition, the sorting of the aluminum pieces Wd becomes easier, and the sorting of the resources can be facilitated, and the cost of the sorting of the resources can be suppressed.

Further, the building 11, the waste pit 12, the crane 13, the waste crusher 14, the storage feeder 16, the transport conveyor 15,
Many facilities such as the magnetic separator 27 and the aluminum separator can use the respective facilities of the existing waste treatment facility, and the existing waste treatment facility can be easily converted to a relay base.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the waste W is dried by supplying warm air to the impact chamber 20a of the impact crusher 20 by the hot air transmitter 21. The waste W can be dried in advance by a dryer or the like, and a roll crusher is used as the waste crusher 14. However, another type of crusher may be used, and a rotary sieve may be used as a particle size sorting means. It is also possible to use a vibrating sieve instead of 25.

[0050]

According to the waste sorting facility and the sorting method of the present invention described above, the waste discharged from each household in the waste sorting facility is hit by the waste sorting facility serving as a relay base. Waste treatment facilities equipped with incineration facilities using container vehicles, etc. from the transfer station, because the crusher efficiently sorts the waste into incombustibles and combustible waste, and the combustible waste is dried and reduced in volume. The cost of transporting the waste to garbage is reduced, and the flammable waste such as garbage is dried and the odor is reduced. Is avoided, and the combustible waste is preliminarily dried, so that the combustion of the combustible waste in the waste treatment facility is facilitated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a waste separation flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a waste separation facility and a method for separating waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a waste separation step diagram showing an outline of a waste treatment method.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 waste sorting facility 12 waste pit 14 waste crusher 15 transport conveyor 16 storage feeder 17 transport conveyor 19 waste sorting means 20 impact crusher 20a crushing chamber 20b rotation axis 20c chain 21 hot air blower 25 rotary sieve (particle size sorting) Means) 27 Magnetic separator 32 Cyclone 33 Induction blower 34 Storage drum W Waste Wa Combustible waste (garbage, paper, plastic, etc.) Wb Glass and ceramic Wb Wc Iron Wd Aluminum We Residue S1 Waste collection step S2 Waste crushing step S3 Crushing and separating step S4 Recycling material sorting step S5 Combustible material unloading step

Continued on front page F term (reference) 4D004 AA03 AA07 AA12 AA16 AA18 AA46 AC05 BA05 BA10 CA04 CA08 CA09 CA15 CA21 CA42 CA48 CB13 CB36 CB43 DA01 DA11 4D067 EE02 EE04 EE07 EE17 EE22 EE25 EE50 GB03 GB07

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A waste separation facility for separating collected waste into combustible waste and non-combustible waste, wherein the collected waste is dried, crushed and agitated in an impact chamber, and the combustible waste is removed. And a waste sorting device for discharging non-combustible materials from below the impact chamber while sucking and discharging the waste from above the impact chamber. 2. A crushing machine having a crushing chamber and a crushing means for crushing and agitating the waste put in the crushing chamber, and a crushing chamber of the crushing machine. A hot air blower for supplying hot air, and a cyclone and an induction blower for suctioning and discharging combustible materials from above the crushing chamber of the impact crusher and separating dust mixed in the combustible materials. 2. The waste sorting facility according to 1. 3. The waste sorting apparatus, comprising: a sieve for sorting non-combustible substances discharged from below the crushing chamber of the impact crusher to select mixed glass and ceramic pieces; The waste sorting facility according to claim 2, further comprising: a magnetic separator for separating iron pieces from non-combustible materials from which ceramic pieces have been sorted; and an aluminum separator for sorting aluminum pieces. 4. The waste sorting facility according to claim 1, further comprising a waste crusher for crushing waste to be charged into the waste sorter in advance. 5. A waste separation method for separating collected waste into combustible waste and non-combustible waste, wherein a waste collection step of throwing waste into a waste pit and accumulating the waste; Crushing the waste accumulated in the crusher with a waste crusher; drying the crushed waste in the impact crusher in the impact chamber of the impact crusher, and crushing and separating the waste. A waste separation method comprising: a crushing / separating step; and a combustible material discharging step of discharging the combustible waste separated in the crushing / separating step from above the impact chamber. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of: sorting the incombustibles separated in the crushing and separating step and discharged from below the crushing chamber of the impact crusher into various types. Waste separation method as described.